Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics...Strasbourg 14.03.2017 pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp...

$: Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics...Strasbourg 14.03.2017 pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp (2016)6 PC-CP (2016)6 Marcelo F. Aebi Mélanie M. Tiago Christine Burkhardt University$
Strasbourg 14.03.2017

pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2016)6 PC-CP(2016)6

MarceloF.Aebi

MélanieM.Tiago

ChristineBurkhardt

UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland

FINALREPORT

CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatisticsSPACEI–PrisonPopulations

Survey2015

CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 1

Strasbourg,15December2016,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2016)6 PC-CP(2016)6

ThisreporthasbeenwrittenbyMarceloF.Aebi,MélanieM.TiagoandChristineBurkhardtonbehalfoftheCouncilforPenologicalCooperation(PC-CP)oftheCouncilofEurope,Strasbourg,France.

The report has been prepared under a contract with theActionagainstCrimeDepartment, InformationSocietyandActionagainstCrimeDirectorate,DGI -DirectorateGeneralHumanRightsandRuleofLaw oftheCouncilofEurope.IthasalsoreceivedsupportfromtheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland.

CountrybasedinformationonpenalinstitutionsandprisonpopulationswascollectedthroughtheSPACEI2015questionnaire(Ref:PC-CP(2016)6)andanalysedby theauthorsof thisreport. Inaddition,duringthepreparationofthereport,threevalidationprocedureswereapplied:internal,cross-nationalandpeer-review.

Theresponsibilityforthecontentofthisreportlieswiththeauthors,andthecontentdoesnotrepresentthe views of the Council of Europe; nor is the PC-CP responsible for any use thatmay bemade of theinformationcontainedherein.

Suggestedcitation[APAnorms]:

Aebi,M.F.,Tiago,M.M.&Burkhardt,C.(2016).SPACEI–CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:Prisonpopulations.Survey2015.Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope

©CouncilofEurope&UniversityofLausanne,2016Reproductionisauthorised,exceptforcommercialpurposes,providedthatthesourceisacknowledged.

2 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2015


Key points of SPACE I 2015

1. Theparticipationrateinthe2015SPACEISurveywas87%:45outofthe52PrisonAdministrationsofthe47MemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropeansweredthequestionnaire.

2. Themedian European Prison Population Rate [PPR] was 115.7 inmates per 100 000 inhabitants.Therewasnotedadecreaseofalmost7%comparedto2014(124.0inmatesper100000inhabitants).Asmediancalculatedvaluesarelesssensitivetotheextremefigures(i.e.verylowprisonpopulationratesinsmallcountrieswithlessthan1mlninhabitants),itispreferabletousethesevaluesasamorereliable alternative to the average figures. Therefore, all the figures presented in the Key pointssectionreferstomedianvalues(unlessindicated)

3. On1stSeptember2015,therewere1404398inmatesheldinpenalinstitutionsacrossEurope(thistotaldoesnotincludefiguresforBosnia&HerzegovinaFed.AndState,Iceland,Malta,Monaco,IcelandandUkraine,astheywerenotavailable).Onthesamedatein2014,therewere1507278inmates(fortheexactlysameprisonadinistrationsand,in2013therewere1529447inmates.Thetotalnumberofinmateshasbeendecreasing.

4. On1stSeptember2015,Europeanprisonswereatthetopoftheircapacity,holdingalmost94inmatesper100places (average:91). Inparticular, 33.3%of thePrisonAdministrationswereexperiencingovercrowding.Since2009,theEuropeanprisondensityremainsclosetofull.

5. ThemedianageoftheEuropeanprisonpopulationwas35years,whichishigherthanin2014,2013and2012,whenitwas34.

6. Themedianproportionoffemaleinmateswas5.2%ofthetotalprisonpopulation.Comparedtothesameindicatorin2014(5.0%),thereisnosignificantdifference.24%offemaleinmateswerepre-trialdetainees,comparedto22%in2014.

7. Themedian proportion of foreign inmates was 10.8% of the total prison population. The averagevaluebeingof22.6%.Yet,thereareverybigdifferencesbetweencountries,from0.9%inRomaniato100%inSanMarino.In2014,thesameindicatorwas13.3%.

8. Lengthofcustodialsentences:

a. Themedianproportionofsentencedprisonerswhowereservingsentencesshorterthanoneyearwas13.5%,whichislowercomparedto2014(15.2%).

b. Themostcommoncategoryoflengthsofsentenceswastheonelastingfromonetolessthanthreeyears(themedianpercentageofsuchinmateswas24.2%).

c. Around 11% of inmates were serving very long sentences of 10 years and over. Thisproportionremainedclosetotheoneof2014(12%)and2013(11%).

9. Inmatesweresentencedmainly for the following typesof criminaloffences:drugoffences (18.7%),theft(16.2%),homicide(13.2%)androbbery(12.6%).

10. Theaveragelengthofimprisonmentin2014wasinmedian7months,whichisthesamevalueasin2013.Themediandurationofthepre-traildetentionremainedthesameasin2013and2012(about4months).

11. Themedianmortalityratein2014was27deathsper10000inmates,lessthanin2013and2012(28deathsper10000inmates).

12. Themedianamountspentperdayandperinmatein2014was52Euros.It is7moreEurosthanin2013(45Euros).Ontheotherhand,theaverageamountis101Euros,2moreEurosthanin2013(99Euros).TheamountsvarywidelyacrossEurope:fromalmost6tomorethan480Eurosperdayandper inmate.The44PrisonAdministrations thatprovideddataonthis itemhadspentmore than26billionEurosin2014forthepenitentiaryneeds.

13. Therewereabout3inmatesperonecustodianin2015.Thisratioremainedthesameasin2014and2013.



Contents

KeypointsofSPACEI2015____________________________________________________ 2

Contents__________________________________________________________________ 3

SurveyBackground _________________________________________________________ 5

0.1Generaloverview_____________________________________________________________5

0.2Generalnotes________________________________________________________________7

0.3MainmodificationsmadeinthelatestSPACEIsurveys(2008-15)______________________8

ExplanatorynotestotheReport_______________________________________________ 9

1. GlobalIndicatorsofPrisonPopulationson1stSeptember2015_______________________9

2. PrisonMovementsduring2014________________________________________________15

3. PrisonStaff________________________________________________________________20

ConventionsandStatisticalMeasures ______________________________________________21Conventionsused __________________________________________________________________ 21Measuresofcentraltendency_________________________________________________________ 21

DemographicData______________________________________________________________22

DataValidationProcedure _______________________________________________________23

StatisticalTables __________________________________________________________ 24

i. PrisonPopulations:Globalindicatorson1stSeptember2015 ________________________25A.1.Legislativeandothermeasureswhichdirectlyinfluencetrendsinthenumberofprisoners____ 26Table1:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2015_______________________________ 34Table1.1:Categoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofinmatesintable1_______________________ 35Table1.2:Capacityofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2015(bycategories) _________________ 42Figure1.a:Countrieswithmorethan100prisonersper100000inhabitants(highestprisonpopulationrates)____________________________________________________________________________ 47Figure1.b:Countrieswithprisonpopulationovercrowding(morethan100prisonersper100places)47Table1.3:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSept.2015:Adjustedfigures____________________ 48Table1.4:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2015bydecreasingprisonpopulationrates(non-adjustedversusadjustedfigures)__________________________________________________ 50Table1.5:Evolutionofprisonpopulationsbetween2005and2015___________________________ 52Table1.6:Year-to-yearpercentagechangeofprisonpopulationratesbetween2014and2015 ____ 54Table2:Ageandcriminalresponsibility_________________________________________________ 57Table2.1.:MinorsandpersonsAged18andoveron1stSeptember2015______________________ 58Table2.2:Minorsamonginmateson1stSeptember2015___________________________________ 59Figure2:Countrieswiththeyoungest(lessthan34years)prisonpopulationclassifiedbydecreasingmedianage _______________________________________________________________________ 62Table2.3:AverageandMedianagesoftheprisonpopulationon1stSeptember2015____________ 62Table3.A:Femaleinmateson1stSeptember2015 ________________________________________ 63Table3.B:Maleinmateson1stSeptember2015 __________________________________________ 66Table4:Foreigninmateson1stSeptember2015__________________________________________ 69



Table4.a:Asylumseekersandillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasonsamongforeigninmateson1stSeptember2015_________________________________________________________________ 71Table5:Legalstatusofprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2015(numbers)___________________ 73Table5.1:Detaineesnotservingafinalsentenceon1stSeptember2015(percentagesandrates)___ 76Table5.2:Dangerousoffendersundersecuritymeasureson1stSeptember2015(numbersandpercentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 78Table6:Mainoffenceofsentencedprisoners(finalsentence)on1stSeptember2015(numbers) ___ 81Table6.1:Mainoffenceofsentencedprisoners(finalsentence)on1stSeptember2015(percentages)82Table7:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2015(numbers) 87Table7.1:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stseptember2015(percentages)______________________________________________________________________ 92Table7.2:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2015(cumulativepercentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 93Table7.3:Lengthsoflessthanoneyearofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2015(percentages)________________________________________________________ 94Figure3:Countrieswithhighestpercentagesofprisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyear________ 95

ii. PrisonMovementsduring2014________________________________________________96Table8:FlowofEntriestoPenalInstitutionsin2014_______________________________________ 97Table9:FlowofReleasesfromPenalInstitutionsin2014__________________________________ 101Table10:TurnoverRatioofinmatesIN2014____________________________________________ 106Figure4:CountrieswithlowestturnoverratiosIn2014 ___________________________________ 108Table11.A:IndicatorofAverageLengthofImprisonmentin2014,basedonthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions___________________________________________________________ 109Table11.B:IndicatorofAverageLengthofImprisonmentin2014,basedonthetotalstockofinmatesinpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014_______________________________________________ 112Table12:Escapesfrompenalinstitutionsduring2014 ____________________________________ 113Table13:DeathsinPenalInstitutionsin2014(bytypeofregistereddeath) ___________________ 115Table13.1:SuicidesinPenalInstitutionsin2014_________________________________________ 117Table13.2:TypesofdeathsandsuicidesinPenalInstitutionsin2014________________________ 118Figure5:SuicideRateper10000inmatesin2014________________________________________ 120Table14:Expensesinpenalinstitutionsin2014(in€)_____________________________________ 121Table14.A:Categoriesincludedinthecalculationofcustodialexpensesin2014,inTable14 _____ 123

iii. PrisonStaff ______________________________________________________________127Table15:StaffworkinginPenalInstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE)on1stSeptember2015(numbers)___________________________________________________________________ 128Table15.1:StaffworkinginPenalInstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE)on1stSeptember2015(percentages)_______________________________________________________ 132Table15.2:StaffworkinginsidePenalInstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE)on1stSeptember2015(percentages)_______________________________________________________ 133Figure6:StaffworkinginsidepenalinstitutionsOn1stSeptember2015,Percentages____________ 134Table16:Staff(FTE)workinginPenalInstitutionsbutnotemployedbythePrisonAdministrationon1stSeptember2015(numbersandpercentages)____________________________________________ 136Figure7:HighestratiosofinmatesperonecustodianOn1stSeptember2015__________________ 139Table17:Ratioofinmatespercategoriesofstaffon1stSeptember2015 _____________________ 140

ListofTablesandFigures___________________________________________________ 141



COUNCILOFEUROPEANNUALPENALSTATISTICS–SPACEI2015:SURVEYONPRISONPOPULATIONS

MarceloF.Aebi,MélanieM.TiagoandChristineBurkhardt1

Survey Background

0.1 General overview TheSPACEI2015annualreportispartoftheSPACEproject2.Thisprojectproducesannualoverviewonmainindicatorsofcustodialandnon-custodialactivitiesinallMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEurope.

The firstpartof theproject (SPACEI)providesdataon thepopulationsheld incustodyand/or inothertypes of penal institutions across Europe. Moreover, this report contains useful information about theconditions of detention (e.g. capacity, expenses, staff), as well as about the custodial movement (e.g.entries,releases,deaths,escapes).

The second part of the project (SPACE II), focuses on persons serving non-custodial sanctions andmeasures. A separate report3is produced on these categories of penal populations supervised incommunity.

Both reports have the common goal of ensuring as much as possible the collection, analyses andinterpretationofreliabledatathroughacommonmethodology.Inparticular,thequestionnairesusedforthe collection of the data were designed to allow the maximum comparability between PrisonadministrationsandProbationagencies,aswellasamongMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEurope(CoE).

For writing this report, national raw data and comments were collected by means of the standardquestionnaire,whichwasansweredbycorrespondentsineachCoEMemberState.Generally,thenationalcorrespondentsinchargeofcollecting,explainingandvalidatingtherawdataarerepresentativesofthePrisonAdministrations.

Since2004, theSPACEquestionnairesare regularly improvedon thebasisofpreviousexperiencesandaccordingtotheassessmentsmadebyexternalpeerreviewersandCoErecommendations.SPACEI2015questionnaire corresponds to the methodological requirements adopted for the present survey andensuresasfaraspossiblethecomparisonwiththehistoricalSPACEIseries,startedin1983.

Themodificationsmadesince2004allowabettervisibilityofthecategoriesincludedbyeachcountryintheirstatistics.The largeamountofdetails iscollectedthroughthemetadata4comprisingnationalrulesapplied forproducingprisonstatistics.Theanswers to thesequestions–presentedmainly inTable1.1–

1MarceloF.Aebi,Professor,MélanieM.Tiago,ResearcherandChristineBurkhardt,Researcher:SchoolofCriminalSciences:CriminologyandPenalLaw,UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland.2WebsiteoftheSPACEProject:www.unil.ch/space3Aebi,M.F.&Chopin,J.(2016).SPACEII–CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:Personsservingnon-custodialsanctionsandmeasures.Survey2015.Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope. 4Metadatacorrespondtothecategoriesofinformationthatdescribeandexplainthestatisticaldata.InSPACEreportsthemetadataarepresentedasconstitutivesubcategoriesofthelargervariables(e.g.totalprisonpopulation),aswellastheguidelinesappliedwhilethedataarecollected(e.g.specialdefinitionsofthecategoriesofoffences,ofthelengthsofsentencesimposed,theapplicationofthemainoffence rule).Moreover, the larger understanding ofmetadata bring through the comments the clarifications related to the nationalclassifications,legislationsandotherframeworkdecisionslikelytohaveinfluencedthecategoriesofprisonpopulations.



suggest that cross-national comparisons of prison populations must be conducted cautiously as thecategories included in the total number of inmates vary from country to country. The same is true forcomparisonsofprisonmortality(seeTable13&13.2)and,morespecifically,ofsuicidesoccurredinpenalinstitutions(seeTable13.1).

SPACEWEBSITE Aside from the data presented in this report, the Website of the SPACE projectprovides some other useful information on custodial and non-custodial activitiesacrossEurope(e.g.recidivismstudies,useful linksandaddresses inregardwiththePrisonandProbationadministrations).

Atthemomentofpublicationofthisreport,ontheSPACEWebsitearepresentedthemostrecentdataonthenumberofinmates,theprisondensityandtheprisonpopulationratesavailableon1stJanuary2015.

PROJECTDEADLINES ConcerningthedeadlinesoftheSPACEI2015survey,itshouldbestatedthatthedatacollectionstartedattheendofJune2016,whenallPrisonAdministrationsoftheCoEMemberStates received thequestionnaire.Thedeadline for thedata-collectionwasseton30thAugust2016.Atthisdate,20countriesansweredthequestionnaire.

One additional deadlinewas allowed.Thedata collection lasteduntil 2ndDecember2016. Inmeantime, 29 of responding administrationswere contactedwith diverserequestsrelatedtothedata-validation.



0.2 General notes Figuresonprisonpopulation(stock)aswellasonstaffemployedbyprisonadministrationsrelateto1stSeptember2015;whilethenumberofentries/releasesinto/frompenalinstitutions(flow),totalnumberofdaysspent in these institutions,and incidents thatoccurredduring theyear (i.e.escapes,deathsandsuicides)relatetothewholeyear2014.

Whendataon1stSeptember2015werenotavailable, theMemberStateswereasked touse theclosestpossibledateofreference.TheexceptionsareexpresslystatedinthenotestotheTablesconcerned.

Theforty-sevenMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropein2015countedfifty-twoPrisonAdministrationsundertheircontrol.

Fourty-five(87%)ofallPrisonAdministrationsansweredtheSPACEI2015Questionnaire

Despite several reminders, sevenPrisonAdministrations (BH:BosniaandHerzegovina(Federation),BH: Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sate level), Iceland, Malta, Monaco, Poland and Ukraine) did notanswerthesurvey.

Data is not available for the following geopolitical entities: Crimea, Transdniestria, Abkhazia, SouthOssetia,Nagorno-KarabakhandthedependenciesinEurope,i.e.FaroeIsland,Gibraltar,Guernsey,IsleofMan,Jersey.DataforBelarus(notaCoEmember),northernpartofCyprusandKosovoisnotincludedtoo.

Themajorityof thecountriesansweredthequestionnairebeyondthedeadline(the initialdeadlinewasseton30thAugust2016).Moreover,somecountriesdelayedthesupplyoftheirresponsesuntilOctober2016.LastquestionnairesweresentduringDecember2016.

At the same time, for some of the countries that answered the questionnaire on time, the validationprocess(seeDataValidationProcedure)tookseveralmonths.

Finally, for a few countries (and in particular for some specific figures) the data validation procedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets.Figureswhichseemedtobetotallyunreliablewereexcludedfromthepresentreport,butareavailableinthedatabaseandcanbeprovidedonrequest.



0.3 Main modifications made in the latest SPACE I surveys (2008-15)

Prison population

• Concerning penal institutions capacity, a new question about the total number of cells in penal institutions was added in 2015•New offenses have been added in the SPACE I 2014 questionnaire.• New item on private facilities was added in the SPACE I 2011 questionnaire.• An item has been added in order to measure the number of persons under security measures and those serving preventive detentionfor dangerous offenders (SPACE I 2011).• Regarding the legal status of prisoners, two additional subcategories have been included: persons detained because of the revocation,suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation and persons detained as a consequence of the conversion of a fine (finedefaulters). This item was first used in the SPACE I 2009.• The following categories of offences have been added in the SPACE I 2009 questionnaire: economic and financial offences, terrorismand organised crime.• Under the category of juvenile offenders held in special institutions, an additional item (introduced in the SPACE I 2009) allowsgetting information on the number of the persons aged 18 and over.• Until SPACE I 2009, only general questions on foreign inmates were asked. In the SPACE I 2010, an item on foreign prisoners who arecitizens of Member States of the European Union has been added.• An item on the number of juvenile foreign inmates (aged less than 18) was added since SPACE I 2012.• Since the SPACE I 2010, the questionnaire allows a distinction between male and female mortality in custody.

Conditions &Metadata

•Regarding the capacity of penal institutions, a more accurate definition was included in the 2015 survey. Furthemore, the SPACE Iquestionnaire now includes a further item asking about the matching between the SPACE I definition of capacity, and the definition ofcapacity used by CoE members when collecting the data.• Regarding the category of institutions foreseen for detention before trial, in the SPACE I 2013 the more extensive definition was setup allowing a more reliable understanding of investigative institutions before trial.• Since the SPACE I 2010 and revised in 2011, a new breakdown by categories was designed for the capacity of penal institutions. Morereliable information has been collected on institutions for pre-trial detention, places for persons serving custodial sentences and forjuvenile offenders, and places in other types of institutions for the detention of inmates.• In former SPACE questionnaires -before the SPACE I 2008- there was a slight difference between the French and the Englishdefinitions of assault and battery. While the English version referred to assault, the French version referred to assault and battery(coups et blessures volontaires). This problem has been solved and both versions refer now to assault and battery.• Former SPACE questionnaires -before the SPACE I 2008- referred to rape, but an analysis of the answers received suggested thatsome countries were including other sexual offences under that heading. As a consequence, sexual offences have been divided in twocategories: rape and other types of sexual offences.• In order to avoid as far as possible the misinterpretation of the figures, special attention has been given to the codes used to answerthe questions when no data were available (i.e. NA, NAP).

Custodial events

•New items on deaths on the penal institution have been in the SPACE I 2014 questionnaire.• Since the SPACE I 2011 and 2012, the former item on the number of deaths was slightly improved: specific categories on the causes ofdeath have been used (homicides, accidents, drug/alcohol intoxications, suicides, other causes).• In the questionnaires SPACE I 2010, 2011 and 2012, some clarifications were introduced in the definitions of other items, such as thecounting units used in each country and the date of reference for the information.• Since the SPACE I 2008, the category of entries to penal institutions has been completed with several follow up questions in order todistinguish transfers from the rest of the entries. In the SPACE I 2010, this item was fully revised and allows taking into accountinternational tranfers.• In the SPACE I 2010, an item with 5 sub-categories has been designed in order to collect information on releases from penalinstitutions (including conditional releases and external placements).

Prison policies

• The item foreseen for the information on the changes in national prison policies and on the events that may have had an influence onthe number of inmates was divided in several categories and allows a more reliable comparison among countries (since the SPACE I2008 questionnaire).• Since the SPACE I 2010, special attention was given to the issue of the age of criminal responsibility and the minimal age for theapplication of custodial sanctions and measures.



Explanatory notes to the Report INBRIEF… The present report includes global indicators of the prison populations on 1st

September2015(PartA)aswellasdataontheflowofentries,flowofreleases,lengthofimprisonment,escapesanddeathsincustodyforthewholeyear2014(PartB).Onechapter (PartC) dealswith the personnel employed by the Prison Administrationsandthosewhoworkinsidepenalinstitutions.

In order to ensure asmuch as possible the comparability across countries, some figures are presentedonlyas therawdata in the tables.Therefore, figures thatdidnotseemto fit thedefinitionsused in thequestionnairewerenotintegratedinthetableswithcalculationsofratesandpercentages.

1. Global Indicators of Prison Populations on 1st September 2015

Thesituationofprisonpopulationsonagivendateof theyear(stockstatistics) isset inTables1to7.3.Thenumberof inmatesvariesover timeunder the influenceof thenumberofentries intoandreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsandthelengthofthestaysintheseinstitutions.

Table1:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2015

(a) Total number of inmates (including pre-trial detainees). This indicator is commonly known asprison stock. Usually, in the total number of inmates are included the standard categories ofinmates,suchaspersonsheldinsidepenalinstitutionsatagivendateand,morespecifically,pre-trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners.Sometimescountriesincludeaswell juvenileoffenders.Nevertheless, it becomes common to observe inside prison stock the following categories:personsunderpenal (therapeutic)measures, personsheld inprivate facilities, or thoseheld inopen penal institutions. Moreover, in prison stock may also be included inmates detained foradministrativereasons,undersecuritymeasure,recalledfromprobation,fine-defaulters,etc.

(b) Prison population rate5per 100 000 inhabitants corresponds to the ratio of the number ofinmates (including pre-trial detainees) per 100 000 inhabitants of each country, as of 1stSeptember2015.Takingintoaccountthattheinformationonthepopulationsofthecountriesisavailableon1stJanuaryofeachyear,thefiguresusedforthecalculationsarerespectivelyon1stJanuary 2015 for the total population of the countries and 1st September 2015 for the prisonpopulation.

(c) Capacity of penal institutions. This indicator corresponds to the number of places available inpenalinstitutionsfortheaccommodationoftheinmates.Areexcludedfromthecalculationofthecapacityallspacesthatprimaryweredesignedforotherneedsthantheproperaccommodationoftheinmates(e.g.storageplaces,classrooms,corridors,showerrooms).

(d) Surface area per inmate (calculated in squaremeters –m2). This indicator corresponds to thelegal standardapplicable ineachCoEMemberState.According to legalprovisions,each inmateshould dispose of individual area inside the cell, excluding common places such as showerenclosures,WC,sportareas,classroomsandothercommonspacesinsideapenalinstitution.

(e) Prison density per 100 places of the regular capacity. This indicator corresponds to the ratiobetweenthenumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)andthenumberofplacesavailablein penal institutions. Generally, the indicator of prison density is used for assessment ofovercrowding.

5This indicator is sometimes referred to as detention rate, or prisoner rate, or imprisonment rate, but these terms are ambiguous.ThereforetheCouncilofEuropehasadoptedthetermprisonpopulationrate.



Table1.1:Categoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofinmates

TABLE1.1:METADATA

ü Table1.1showsthatthecategoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofinmatesvaryfromcountrytocountry.

ü As a consequence, international comparisons of prison population rates, as theonesperformedinTable1,cannotberegardedasunproblematic.

ü ThismethodologicalissuemustbekeptinmindwhenusingdatafromTable1andsimilarTables.

ThegoalofTable1.1 istoclarifythecategoriesofpersonsincludedinthecalculationofthetotalprisonpopulationheldindifferenttypesofpenal institutions.ThisTableincludestheanswersYes,No,NA [notavailable]orNAP[notapplicable]tothequestion:

Doesthetotalnumberofinmatesincludethefollowingcategories?

A. Personsheldinpolicestationsorothersimilartypesofinvestigativeinstitutionsbeforetrial6

B. Personsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(2.1)Ifthepersonsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(2)arecounted,howmanyamongthemare18yearsandover

C. Personsplacedineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(3.1)Ifthepersonsheldineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(3)arecounted,howmanyamongthemare18yearsandover

D. Personsheldininstitutionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutions

E. Personswithpsychiatricdisordersheldinpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitalsoutsidepenalinstitutions

F. Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons

(6.1)Ifthesepersonsarecounted(6),howmanyofthemareheldincentres/sectionsespeciallydesignatedforthistypeofdetention

G. Personsheld in private facilities (e.g. private prisons, detention centres, establishments for theapplication of certain penal measures [e.g. centres for the treatment of psychiatric disorders,centresforthetreatmentofaddictionsetc.])

H. Personsunderelectronicsurveillance/ElectronicMonitoring

6Underthisitemareincludedpersonsheldininstitutionsotherthantheregularpenalfacilities.Inparticular,theseinstitutionsmaybepolice stations, temporarydetention centres forpersonsmakingat thedisposal to the judicial authorities (e.g. izoljatorvremennogosoderzhanija [RUS, UKR etc.], pomeshhenie funkcionirujushhee v rezhime sledstvennogo izoljatora [RUS], investigative detentionfacilities[BGR],andborderpolice/borderguards’cells)oranyothersimilarinstitution.



Table1.2:Capacityofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2015(bycategories)

(1) Totalcapacityofpenalinstitutions

a. Surfaceareaperprisoner(m2/inmate)

b. Totalnumberofcellsinpenalinstitutions

(2) Capacityofremandinstitutionsandthosedesignedforservingcustodialsentences

ü Capacityofremandinstitutions/sections(“pre-trials”)

ü Capacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentence

(3) Capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders

(4) Capacityofothertypesofinstitutions

Table1.3:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2015:adjustedfigures

In thisTable, figures fromTable1 are adjustedaccording to the informationprovided inTable1.1. Theadjustment consists in excluding –whenever possible– all the categories of Table 1.1 from the totalnumberof inmates,andrecalculating therateof inmatesheldinpenalinstitutions foradultoffendersper100 000 inhabitants. The figures included in this Table are comparable estimates; nevertheless, thesefiguresshouldnotbeconsideredasofficialnationaldata.

Table1.4: Situationofpenal institutionson1st September2015bydecreasingprisonpopulationrates(non-adjustedversusadjustedfigures)

InthisTable,countriesareclassifiedinadecreasingorderaccordingtotheirprisonpopulationratesper100000inhabitantson1stSeptember2015.

ü On the left-hand side of the Table, they are classified according to the non-adjusted (official)figures;

ü Ontheright-handsidetheyareclassifiedaccordingtotheadjusted(calculated)figures(seetheexplanationtoTable1.3).

ü Thelastcolumninformsaboutthedifference inpercentagebetweenadjustedandnon-adjustedfigures.InordertoensureanappropriatereadingofthistableparticularattentionshouldbepaidtotheexplanatorynotesofTables1and1.1.

Table1.5:Evolutionofprisonpopulationsbetween2005and2015

ThisTablepresentsthetotalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)andtheprisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitantson1stSeptemberofeachyear,from2005to2015.DataareretrievedfromtherelevantSPACEIreports.TheTableindicatesalsotheevolution(inpercentages)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2005and2015aswellasbetween2014and2015.

Table1.6:Year-to-Yearpercentagechangeofprisonpopulationratesbetween2014and2015

This Table shows the evolution of prison population rates between 2014 and 2015. Countries areclassifiedinthreecategoriesaccordingtotheincrease,stabilityordecreaseoftheirprisonpopulationratesbetween1stSeptember2014and1stSeptember2015:

Increaseofmorethan5% Between–5%and+5% Decreaseofmorethan5%

Table2:Ageandcriminalresponsibility

(a) Ageofcriminalresponsibility:startingfromthisage,juvenilesareconsideredasoldenoughtoberecognised as responsible for criminal offences perpetrated and to be tried under a criminaljusticesystemwhichisspecifictothem;



(b) Minimalage for theapplicationofcustodial sanctionsandmeasures: starting from this age, it ispossibletosentenceajuveniletocustodyortoeducationmeasuresinclosedpenalinstitutions;

(c) Ageofcriminalmajority:startingfromthisagethepersonshouldbetriedundercriminaljusticesystemforadultsanddonotbenefitofnospecialconditionofjuvenile.

Table2.1:Minorsandpersonsaged18andoveron1stSeptember2015

InthisTableareincludedrawdataandcalculatedpercentagesofinmatesunder18yearsofage.Normally,inthesefiguresarealsoincludedpre-trialdetainees.

ü Totalnumberofminorinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)

o Custodialversuseducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

ü Numberofminorinmates

o Numberand%offemaleminorso Numberand%ofmaleminors

Table2.3:MedianandAverageagesoftheprisonpopulationon1stSeptember2015

ThisTableincludesthemedianandaveragevaluescalculatedbynationalPrisonAdministrations.

One additional graph (Figure 2) completes the table with the distribution of the countries with theyoungestprisonpopulations(thedistributionisbasedonthemedianvalues).

Table3.A:Femaleinmateson1stSeptember2015

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonfemaleprisoners:

(1) Totalnumberandpercentageoffemaleinmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

(2) Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates;

(3) Foreignfemaleinmates:numberandpercentageinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates;

(4) Juvenilefemalesagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage.

Table3.B:Maleinmateson1stSeptember2015

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonmaleprisoners:

ü Totalnumberandpercentageofmaleinmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

ü Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates;

ü Foreignmaleinmates:numberandpercentageinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates;

ü Juvenilemalesagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage.

Table4:Foreigninmateson1stSeptember2015

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonforeignprisoners:

(a) Totalnumberandpercentageofforeigninmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

(b) Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberofforeigninmates;

(c) ForeigninmatescitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion:numberandpercentage;

(d) Minorforeignersagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage;

(e) Inmatesforwhichthenationalityisunknown.

Table5:Legalstatusofprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2015(numbers)

(a) Untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionreachedyet);



(b) Detaineesfoundguiltybutwhohavenotreceivedasentenceyet;

(c) Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitsfordoingso;

(d) Detaineeswhohavenot receiveda final sentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservinga custodialsentenceinadvance;

(e) Sentencedprisoners(finalsentence)–Including:

a. Personsdetainedasaconsequenceoftheconversionofafine(finedefaulters);

b. Personsdetainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation.

(f) Othercases.

Table5.1:Dangerousoffendersplacedundersecuritymeasureson1stSeptember2015(numbersandpercentages)

ThisTableconcernsprisonersplacedunderspecialpenalmeasures.Theseinmatesareusuallydefinedasdangerousoffenders. Themeasures applied to themmay takedifferent names such as securitymeasure,securepreventiondetentionorpreventivesupervision.

RECOMMENDATIONCM/REC(2014)31(STRASBOURG,19FEBRUARY2014)7

Adangerousoffenderisapersonwhohasbeenconvictedofaveryserioussexualorveryseriousviolentcrimeagainstpersonsandwhopresentsahighlikelihoodofre-offendingwithfurtherveryserioussexualorveryseriousviolentcrimesagainstpersons.

Treatment includes,but isnot limitedto,medical,psychologicaland/orsocialcarefortherapeutic purposes. It may serve to reduce the risk posed by the person and mayincludemeasurestoimprovethesocialdimensionoftheoffender’slife.

Secure preventive detention means detention imposed by the judicial authority on aperson,tobeservedduringorafterthefixedtermofimprisonmentinaccordancewithitsnational law. It isnot imposedmerelybecauseofanoffencecommitted inthepast,

butalsoonthebasisofanassessmentrevealingthatheorshemaycommitotherveryseriousoffencesinthefuture.

Preventive supervision means measures of control, monitoring, surveillance orrestrictionofmovementimposedonapersonafterheorshehascommittedacrimeandafter he or she has served a prison sentence or instead of. It is not imposed merely

because of an offence commit ted in the past, but also on the basis of an assessmentrevealingthatheorshemaycommitotherveryseriousoffencesinthefuture.

Each Member State has its own legislation concerning the special requirements and conditions forinstitutional placement/imprisonment of this category of offenders. Yet, only the following comparablecategorieshavebeenincludedinthisTable:

(a) Totalnumberofpersonsundersecuritymeasures/preventivedetentionfordangerousoffenders.Ofwhich:

a. Personsconsideredasnotcriminallyresponsiblebythecourt;

b. Personsconsideredastotallyorpartiallycriminallyresponsiblebythecourtandwhohavebeensentenced.

Table 6 (numbers) &Table 6.1 (percentages): Main offences of final sentenced prisoners on 1stSeptember2015

Tables 6 and 6.1 present the breakdownof prisonerswith final sentence- those under heading (e) ofTable5-accordingtothemainoffenceforwhichtheywereconvicted.

Inspiteofeffort tokeepSPACEcategoriesas largeaspossible,oneshouldbear inmindthe fact that in

7PartI–Definitionsandbasicprinciples:http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/cdpc/PC-GR-DD/Recomm%202014_3_E_final.pdf



some countries themainoffence rule is not defined. Therefore, data from these countries (mostly thebreakdown percentages) are not fully comparable with data from the ones that apply this rule. Thefollowingbreakdownisused:

(a) Homicide(includingattempts) (b) Drugoffences(c) Assaultandbattery (d) Terrorism(e) Rape (f) Organisedcrime(g) Othertypesofsexualoffences (h) Cybercrime(i) Robbery (j) Otheroffences(k) Othertypesoftheft (l) Total(m) Economicandfinancialoffences

Table 7 (numbers) & Table 7.1 (percentages): Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2015

Tables 7 and 7.1 present the breakdownof prisonerswith final sentence- those under heading (e) ofTable5-accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem.Thefollowingbreakdownisused:

(a) Lessthanonemonth (b) Fromtenyearstolessthantwentyyears(c) Fromonemonthtolessthanthreemonths (d) Twentyyearsandover(e) Fromthreemonthstolessthansixmonths (f) Lifeimprisonment(g) Fromsixmonthstolessthanoneyear (h) Securitymeasures(dangerousoffenders)(i) Fromoneyeartolessthanthreeyears (j) Sentencetodeath(k) Fromthreeyearstolessthanfiveyears (l) Othercases(m) Fromfiveyearstolessthantenyears (n) Total

Table 7.2: Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentenced prisoners) on 1st September 2015(cumulativepercentages)

ThisTablepresentsthebreakdown,expressedincumulativepercentages,ofprisonerswithfinalsentence-thoseunderheading(e)ofTable5-accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem:

a) Prisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyearb) Prisonerssentencedtoanyfixed-termsentences

(all)

c) Prisonerssentencedtooneyearandover d) Prisonerssentencedtolifeimprisonment

e) Prisonerssentencedtothreeyearsandoverf) Prisonersundersecuritymeasuresand/or

underotherformsofimprisonment

g) Prisonerssentencedtofiveyearsandover h) Prisonerssentencedtodeath

i) Prisonerssentencedtotenyearsandover j) Total

Table7.3:Lengthsoflessthanoneyearofthesentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2015(percentages)

This Table presents the breakdown, expressed in percentages, of prisoners sentenced to less than oneyearaccordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem.Thefollowingbreakdownisused:

a) Lessthanonemonth b) Fromthreemonthstolessthansixmonths

c) Fromonemonthtolessthanthreemonths d) Fromsixmonthstolessthanoneyear

One additional graph (Figure3) provides a comparative view of the highest percentages of prisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyear.ThefigureisbasedonthefiguresincludedinTables7.2and7.3.



2. Prison Movements during 2014 Tables8 to14 show themain indicatorsofprisonmovementsoccurringduringone referenceyear.Allinformation in the PartB of the report refers to a whole calendar year, from 1st January 2014 to 31stDecember2014:

(1) Number of entries into and releases from penal institutions during a reference year (flowstatistics),

(2) Thelengthofimprisonment,

(3) Numberofescapes,and

(4) Deathsinpenalinstitutions.

Table8:Flowofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2014

(1) Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2014correspondstotheindicatorbetterknownasflowofentries;

(2) Rateofentriestopenalinstitutionsper100000inhabitantscorrespondstothenumberofentriesin2014,inrelationtotheaveragenumberofinhabitantsduringthesameperiod;

(3) Entriesbeforefinalsentence:numbersandpercentages;

(4) Entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation:numbersandpercentages;

(5) Entries following transfer from a foreign country to the country concerned: numbers andpercentages.

• Entries following transfer fromaMemberStateof theEuropeanUnion to thecountryconcerned(numbersandpercentages).

ENTRY(DEFINITION) THETERM"ENTRY"REFERSTOALLENTRIESINTOPENALINSTITUTIONS,EXCEPTINTHEFOLLOWINGSITUATIONS:

ü Entryfollowingtransferfromonepenalinstitutiontoanother;

ü Entryfollowingtheprisoner’sremovalfromtheinstitutioninordertoappearbeforeajudicialauthority(investigatingjudge,trialcourt,etc.);

ü Entryfollowingprisonleaveoraperiodofauthorisedabsence;

ü Entryfollowinganescape,afterre-arrestbythepolice.

ü Onlyentriesofuntrieddetainees(notyetconvicted),prisonersconvictedbutnotyetsentenced,orsentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorthosewhoarewithinthestatutorytimelimittodosoarerecordedunderheading(c)ofTable8.

ü Therefore, this figure constitutes a subset of the entries recorded under heading (a).Consequently,entriesintopre-trialdetentionareincluded.

Figuresrelatetothenumberofevents(entries)andnottothenumberofindividuals.Thesameindividualmay enter prison several times in the same year for the same case. This applies, for instance, to anindividualwho is placed in pre-trial detention during yearN (first entry), released by the prosecutionauthoritiesatthepre-trialinvestigationstage,triedwithoutbeingre-detained,convictedandsentencedtoa termof imprisonmentexceedingtheperiodofpre-trialdetention,andre-imprisonedduringthesameyearNtoservetheremainderofthesentence(secondentry).Afortiori,thesameindividualmightenterprisonseveraltimesinthesameyearfordifferentcases.

Table9:Flowofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsin2014

(1) Totalnumberofreleases(flowofreleases);

(1) Rateof releases frompenal institutionsper100000 inhabitants corresponds to thenumberof



releasesin2014,inrelationtotheaveragenumberofinhabitantsduringthesameperiod;

(2) Releasesofpre-trialdetainees:numbersandpercentages;

(3) Releasesoffinalsentencedprisoners:numbersandpercentages.Ofwhich:

• Releases as a result of a release under condition (including conditional releases and externalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringorprobation);

• Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence.

(4) Othertypesofreleases8

Table10:Turnoverratioofinmatesin2014

TURNOVERRATIO(DEFINITION)

The turnover ratio (estimated exit rate per 100 potential exits) is defined in thepresentreportastheratiobetweenthenumberofprisonersreleasedduringtheyear2014andthenumberofprisonersheld inprisonduringthatwholeyear.The lattercanbeestimatedbyaddingthenumberofpersonsheldinpenalinstitutionson31stDecember 2013 (stock) and the number of persons that entered into penalinstitutions during the year 2014 (flowof entries). However, as stock data on 31stDecember2013arenotavailable,thenumberofprisonersheldinpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2013hasbeenusedasaproxy.

Thisratiomeasurestheprisonpopulationturnover.Ahighrateimpliesafastturnover,whilealowrateimpliesaslowturnover.TheTurnoverRatio(TR)iscalculatedasfollows:

TURNOVERRATIO(FORMULA)

!" = " (%, ') ×100

Where:

ü Risthenumberofreleasesduringthe2014year,

ü Sisthenumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2013(takenfromtheSPACEI2013).

ü Eisthenumberofentriesintopenalinstitutionsduringtheyear2014.

ü Theturnoverratioisexpressedper100prisoners.

Anadditionalgraph(Figure4)hasbeenincludedwiththelowestvaluesoftheexitrate(countrieswithaslowturnoveroftheprisonpopulation).

Table11.A:Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonmentin2014,basedonthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions

(a) Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2014;

(b) Averagenumberofinmatesin2014:b=(a)/365;

(c) Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2014(flowofentries)=heading(a)ofTable8;

(d) Indicator of average length of imprisonment [IALI] expressed in months (D): quotient of theaveragenumberofprisonersin2014(P)bytheflowofentriesduringthatperiod(E),multipliedby12(months):

IALI(FORMULA) , = - ' ×12

8Inthecategory“Otherformsofreleases”generallyarealsoincludedthefollowingsituations:deaths,releases/discharges/relatedtohealthreasons(includingtransferstocommunityhospitalsthatleadtothefulldischargefromservingtherestofthecustodialsentence),expulsionstothecountriesoforigin,escapesleadingtoliftingthestatusof“inmate/prisoner”,oranyotherformofreleaselikelytoleadtoliftingofthestatusof“inmate/prisoner”.



(e) Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2014;

(f) Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trialdetentionin2014:(f)=(e)/365;

(g) Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentencein2014;

(h) Indicatorofaveragelengthofpre-trialdetention(calculatedonthebasisofthesameformulaastheindicatorunderheading(d)).

The figureunderheading (a) corresponds to the totalnumberofdays spent inpenal institutionsbyallpersons placed in detention for at least one day during the reference year (2014). Thismight be timespent inpre-trialdetentionor timespentservingaprisonsentence,ormightevencorrespond toothercircumstances(detentionforfailuretopayafine,forinstance).Nodistinctionismadeherebetweenthosecategories.

By dividing the number of days of imprisonment by 365 (366 in leap years)we obtained the "averagenumberofprisoners in theyear"or thenumberof "prisoner-years" (b),whichconstitutesprobably thebestpossibleindicatoroftheaveragenumberofprisonerspresentintheyear.

Table 11.B: Indicator of average length of imprisonment in 2014, based on the total number ofinmates(stock)on1stSeptember2014

Assomecountriesdidnotprovidedataregardingthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2014-heading (a) of Table 11.1- and others provided figures that did not seem reliable (seeNotes toTable11.1),wehaveaddedTable11.2.InthisTable,theindicatoroftheaveragelengthofimprisonmenthasbeencalculatedbyusingthetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2014(source:SPACEI2014report)insteadofthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions.

SOURCEOFDATA RawdatausedfortheTables10,11.1&11.2areusuallypreparedbythedepartmentsresponsibleforprisonbudgets.Thesefiguresmayalsobeusedforthecalculationsoftheaveragedailycostofimprisonment.

Table12:Escapesfrompenalinstitutionsduring2014

TheTableincludestwotypesofescapes:

ü Escapesby inmates (convictedprisonersorpre-trialdetaineesunder the supervisionof theprisonadministration)fromaclosedpenalinstitutionorduringanadministrativetransfer (for example,toorfromacourt,anotherpenalinstitution,orahospital).

IntheSPACEIquestionnaireusedforthissurveyitisclearlyindicatedthatthecountingunitistheperson.In the event of a group breakout, the number of escapes is equal to the number of inmates involved.Relatingthenumberofescapes(a)tothetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2014(S)–usedhereasanestimateoftheaveragenumberofprisoners–weobtaintherateofescapesper10000prisoners(REs):

RATEOFESCAPES(FORMULA)

"'/ = 10000× 1 %

ü Otherformsofescape(abscondingorrunningoff): Examples are escapes from open institutions(such as work farms) or from semi-detention, and escapes during an authorised short-termabsence(orleave)fromallkindsofinstitutions(includingclosedinstitutions).

Wehavenotcalculatedtheratesfortheseformsofescapes;assuchcalculationswouldleadtomisleadinginterpretations.Theratioofotherformsofescapesshouldbereportedtotheaveragenumberofinmatesplacedinopeninstitutions;yet,thesefiguresarenotcollatedasaseparatecategoryintheSPACEsurveys.



Table13:Deathsinpenalinstitutionsin2014(bytypeofregistereddeath)

(a) Totalnumberofdetaineeswhodiedinpenalinstitutions,ofwhich:

ü Numberofpre-trialdetainees;

ü Numberoffemales;

ü Typeofdeath:

c.1Homicides;

c.2Accidents;

c.4Drug/alcoholintoxications;

c.5Suicides(ofwhichnumberoffemales,numberofpre-trialdetainees);

c.6Othercauses(incl.illness).

(b) Mortalityrateper10000inmates

Bydividingthetotalnumberofdeaths(a)bythenumberofinmateson1stSeptember2014(S)(usedhereas anestimateof theaveragenumberofprisoners), provided in theSPACE I2014 report,weobtain thefollowing:

MORTALITYRATE

(FORMULA)2" = 10000× 1 %

Table13.1:Suicidesinpenalinstitutionsin2014

In thisTable arepresentedpercentagesof suicides in the totalnumberofdeathsaswell as thepartoffemaleswhocommittedsuicide in thetotalnumberofsuicidesregistered.Moreover, therateofsuicideper10000inmatesisincludedinTable13.2.

SUICIDERATE(FORMULA) %" = 10000× 1. 4[T13.1]

%

Table13.2:TypesofdeathsandsuicidesincludedinTables13.1and13.2

The goal of this Table is to clarifywhich types of deaths are being counted in each country. TheTableincludestheanswersYesorNotothefollowingquestions:

(a) Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideincommunityhospitals?

(b) Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideoutsideprison(duringaprisonleaveoraperiodofabsencebypermission)?

ForeachcategoryofdeathsincludedinthisTable,separatefiguresonfemaleinmateshavebeenprovided.

Table14:Averageexpensesperdayofdetentionofonepersonin2014(inEuros)

Thefigures includedinthisTableshouldallowcomparisonsofthecostsofdetentionacrossEurope.Norigorousdefinitionhasbeenusedinthequestionnaire;thereforenationalparticularities(e.g.thewayinwhich costsare calculated)are indicated in thenotes to theTable.Figures innational currenciesotherthanEurohavebeenconvertedinEuros.ThecategoriesincludedinthisTablearethefollowing:

ü TotalbudgetspentbyPrisonAdministrationsin2014

ü Averageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2014,ofwhich:

o Inpre-trialdetention;o Incorrectionalfacility;o Inspecialfacilities/sectionsforpersonswithpsychiatricdisorders;o Ininstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.

Table14.A:Categoriesincludedinthecalculationofcustodialexpensesin2014,inTable14



This table present the categories included/excluded while calculating the average amounts shown inTable14:

ü Security;

ü Healthcare(incl.medicalcare,psychiatricservices,pharmaceuticals,dentalcareetc.);

ü Services (incl. maintenance, utilities, maintenance of inmate records, reception, assignment,transportation,etc.);

ü Administration(excl.extra-institutionalexpenditures);

ü Support(incl.food,inmateactivities,inmateemployment,clothing,etc.);

ü Rehabilitationprograms(incl.academiceducation,vocationaltraining,substanceabuseprograms,etc.);

ü Othercosts.



3. Prison Staff PartCoftheSurveyincludesfiguresrelatedtopersonsworkinginpenalinstitutionsor,moregenerally,inthepenitentiarysystem.TheSurveymakesadistinctionbetweenstaffworkingunderthecontrolof theNationalPrisonAdministrationsandstaffworkingunderthecontrolofanyotherauthority.

DataonthestaffemployedbythePrisonadministrationsarepresentedwithoutdistinctionbetweenfull-timeandpart-timestaff.

Full-timeequivalents(FTE)havebeenusedasthecountingunitforthesetables

Tables 15 (numbers) & 15.1 (percentages): Staff working in penal institutions (FTE) on 1stSeptember2015

FTE(DEFINITION) Respondentswereaskedtocalculatethenumberofstaffworkingparttimeonthebasisof"full-timeequivalents"(FTE).Thismeansthatwhentwopeopleworkhalfthestandardnumberofhours,theycountforoneFTE.Onehalf-timeworkershouldcountfor0.5ofaFTE.

Table15.2:StaffworkingINSIDEpenalinstitutions(FTE)on1stSeptember2015(percentages)

Tables15to15.2presentthesituationofstaffemployedbyPrisonAdministrationon1stSeptember2015.ThegoaloftheseTablesistocountallstaffemployedbythePrisonAdministrations.

In theseTables are included the following categories: staff at the national prison administration (HeadOffice), staff in regional prison administration offices, executives (managers) of penal institutions,custodialstaff,medicalandparamedicalstaff,staffresponsibleforassessmentandthepsychologists,staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(includingsocialworkers,teachers,educators,etc.),staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining,other.

Respondentswereaskedtoexcludepersonsworkinginpenalinstitutionsbutnotemployedbytheprisonauthorities(insomecountries thisapplies todoctors, teachersorperimeterguards).ThesepersonsareincludedinTable16.

Table16:StaffworkinginpenalinstitutionsbutnotemployedbyPrisonAdministration(FTE)on1stSeptember2015(numbersandpercentages)

This Table presents the staff employed by authorities that are not under the control of the PrisonAdministration (i.e. staff not employed by the Prison Administration), but who are involved in thesecurity,treatment,trainingorotheractivitiesdevelopedinpenalinstitutionsthatareundertheauthorityofprisonadministration.

Insomecountriesthesecategoriesdonotexist.Inothers,doctors,teachersandperimeterguardsmightsometimesbeemployedbyexternalinstitutionssuchashealthauthorities,departmentsoftheMinistriesofEducation,InteriororJustice,orprivatesecurity.

Table17:Ratioofinmatespercategoriesofstaffon1stSeptember2015

ü Totalnumberofinmatesat1stSeptember2015:seeTable1.

ü Totalnumberofcustodialstaffat1stSeptember2015:seeTable15.

ü Rateofsupervisionofprisoners(numberofprisonerspercustodian):c=a/b

ü Totalnumberoftreatment,educationstaff,andstaffresponsibleforworkshops.

ü Rateofsupervisionofprisoners(numberofprisonersperotheremployee):e=a/d.



Conventions and Statistical Measures Thereportaims togiveanoverviewof thecustodial situationacrossEurope,not tomix-upallnationaltraditionsandpractices ina rigidunrealisticdefinitionofprison. Indeed, this latestapproachwouldbescientifically unreliable and could not serve as a tool for the public policies and criminal justicepractitioners.Therefore,inSPACEsurveywearefullyconcernedaboutthequalityofthedataprovided.Inorder tominimise anymisinterpretation of figures included here, any user should be aware about theconventionsusedtoreplaceambiguoussignsandabbreviations.

CONVENTIONSUSED

NAP***

Thequestionisirrelevant;theitemreferstoaconceptnotfoundinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned(Notapplicable).

0 Thenumberis0buttheconceptexistsinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned.

NA…

Nofiguresavailable,buttheconceptexistsinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned.

(number)WhenthedataareshowninbracketsthismeansthattheyarenotstrictlycomparablewiththedatarequestedbySPACEIquestionnaire.Forexample,thisappliestoitemswhosedefinitionisnotthesameastheoneusedintheSPACEquestionnaire.

[number]Whenthedataareshowninsquarebracketsthismeansthatthevalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachievedforthatparticularquestion.

Whenthequestionnaireboxisleftblankorasymbolisused,whosemeaningisnotexplicit(forexample"/"or"-"),weleavetheboxblank.

AllcasesofdivergenceandadditionalcommentsprovidedbynationalcorrespondentshavebeengroupedandexplainedinthenotestotheTables.

MEASURESOFCENTRALTENDENCY

In Tables containing rates or percentages, we have used the following measures to describe thedistributionofthedata:

Mean(Average):thearithmeticmeanistheoutcomeofdividingthesumofthedatasuppliedbythetotalnumberofcountries.Themeanissensitivetoextremevalues(veryhighorverylow).

Median:themedianisthevaluethatdividesthedatasuppliedbythecountriesconcernedintotwoequalgroupsso that50%of theobservationsareabovethemedianand50%arebelowit.Themedian isnotinfluencedbyveryhighorverylowvalues.

Minimum:thelowestrecordedvalueinthegivencolumnoftheTable.

Maximum:thehighestrecordedvalueinthegivencolumnoftheTable.

Forreasonsofaccuracywehavecalculatedthemeanandmedianvaluesfromtheoriginaldatabase,whichcontainsallthedecimalsnotpresentedinthetables.Readerswhoreworkthecalculationsfromthedatainthetables-whichonlycontainoneortwodecimals-willthereforeobtainslightlydifferentresultsthanours.



Demographic Data

Theratespresentedinthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingdemographicdata(totalpopulationofeachEuropeancountryonJanuary1st,2015), takenfromtheEurostatDatabase(“Populationon1stJanuarybyageandgender”9).

Exceptions:Forsomecountries, the figuresof thepopulationarenotavailable in theEurostatdatasets(i.e. for 2015 itwasAndorra andBosnia andHerzegovina-Republika Srpska).Moreover, some nationalcorrespondentsprovidedinformationfordifferentterritorialdivisionsthantheonesusedinEUROSTATdemographic data. The territories concerned and the sources used for their demographic data are thefollowing:

Andorra:Demographicdatareferto1stJanuary2015.Retrievedfromhttp://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/banc_dades4.asp?tipus_grafic=&check=0&bGrafic=&formules=inici&any1=01/01/2014&any2=01/01/2015&codi_divisio=8&lang=1&codi_subtemes=8&codi_tema=2&chkserieson26thOctober,2016.

BosniaandHerzegovina(RepublikaSrpska):Demographicdataareestimates.Theestimatesaredonefor2015onthebasisofthenaturalchangesofpopulationandmigration(“Demographicstatistics.StatisticalBulletin”no.19,RepublikaSrpskaInstituteofStatistics,BanjaLuka,2016,p.14),availableat:http://www2.rzs.rs.ba/front/article/2142/?left_mi=None&up_mi=&add=None(retrievedonOctober26th,2016).France:DemographicdataincludestheEuropeanterritoryofFrance(knownastheMetropolitanFrance),theFrenchoverseasdepartments(Guadeloupe,Martinique,GuianaandReunion,knownasDOMorDépartementsd’Outre-mer)aswellasoverseascommunities(FrenchPolynesia,NewCaledonia,Mayotte,Saint-Pierre-and-Miquelon,WallisandFutuna,Saint-MartinandSaint-Barthélemy).

Serbia:DemographicdataexcludeKosovoandMetohijaterritories.

9http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database (figures retrieved from the database onOctober26th,2016)



Data Validation Procedure The comparability of the data collected is one of the main concerns and main problems that anyinternationalsurveyseektosolve.Therefore,specialattentionisgiveneveryyeartotheimprovementofdatavalidationtechniquessusedinSPACE.

According to theauthorsof theEuropeanSourcebookofCrimeandCriminalJusticeStatistics (Strasbourg,CouncilofEurope,1999),"validationisoftenthemostimportant–andinmanycasesthemostforgotten–stageofthedatacollectionprocess".

Thus, since the2002SPACE I survey,wehave introduceda validationprocedure for thedata received.Suchproceduresubstantially increasestheworkloadofall the individualsandcountries involved intheelaboration of SPACE. It also delays the publication of the data. However, we believe that the resultsobtained-inotherwords,theimprovementstothequalityofthedata-justifyitsuse.

ü Aspartofthevalidationprocedure,weproduceapreliminaryversionofSPACEreportandaseriesofcontrolTablesthatrevealanumberofinconsistenciesorvisible“outliers” intherawdatareceivedfromnationalcorrespondents.

ü Then, significant differences (generallyannualdiscrepanciesofmorethan10%or20%dependingonthequalityoftheitem)arecorrectedbynationalcorrespondents.

ü Insomecases, it is imperativetotranslateor to provide additional explanations inordertoavoidnewerror.

ü Mostof the countries correct their figuresorindicatethereasonsforthedivergencesidentified.

Itwasnoticedthatdivergencesaremainlyduetodifferences in the national prison statistics

systems as well as in criminal justice systemsacrossEurope andare explained in the notes totherelevantTables.

Nevertheless, despite our efforts to identifyerrors and the very rigorous methodologyapplied for the validation, it is not possible toguaranteethefullreliabilityofalldataincludedin this report. Some of figures may still remain “invisible” and others may have been introducedinvoluntarily during the data processing. Moreover, it has not always been possible to correct theinconsistenciesdiscoveredinatotallysatisfactoryway.Inthatcontext,anyreaders'comments,notesorcriticismsarewelcomed.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank all personswhobrought their support, advice, suggestions or knowledge of specificnationalfeaturesand,therefore,whohavecontributedtotheachievementofthisreport,inparticularallnationalcorrespondentsineachMemberStateoftheCouncilofEurope.

Aparticular gratitude goes toMrRoyWalmsley for his attentive and critical reading of SPACE reportsduring the last 12 years.We are also grateful toMrWalmsley for having sharedwithus somemissingfiguresand,therefore,forcontributingtoincreasethequalityofSPACEcomparisons.

Comparability

Cross-sectionnal

Europeandefinitions

Attentiontothenational

peculiarities

Internalcountingrules

Categoriesincl./excl.

Longitudinal

Verticalcheck

Buildtime-series

Time-seriesmapping

Attentiontothesignificantgaps/jupmsFigure0:SPACEIComparabilityLevels



Statistical Tables



i. Prison Populations: Global indicators on 1st September 2015



Thispartof the reportpresents statisticalTables, explanatorynotesandFigures that cover thegeneralsituationofEuropeanpenalinstitutions.Italsoincludesdataondetentionincustody,includingdifferenttypesofpenalinstitutionsaswellasananalysisoftheevolutionofseveralindicatorsofthepenitentiarysystemsacrossEurope.

A.1.LEGISLATIVEANDOTHERMEASURESWHICHDIRECTLYINFLUENCETRENDSINTHENUMBEROFPRISONERS

ALBANIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:TheNewGeneralRegulationofPrisons

hasbeenadoptedon20thMay2015givingspecificconsiderationstovulnerablecategoriesinpenitentiaryinstitutionsandanticorruptionmeasures;LawNo.154of21.12.2015“OnAmnisty"wasadoptedbytheParliament.ThislawwasimplementedonJanuary2016(noimpactonthecurrentdata);

3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

ANDORRA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:3–PronouncedbythePresidentFrançoisHollandon13thAugust2015;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

ARMENIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:40;4. Individualpardons:13;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

AUSTRIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:25;5. Collectivepardons:30;6. Other:No.

AZERBAIJAN1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:249inmates–TheActofPresidentialPardonof17thOctober2014and18thMarch

2015(figurescoverstheperiodfrom01.09.2014to01.09.2015);5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

BELGIUM1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA–REPUBLIKASRPSKA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;



3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:262inmateswerereleasedunderconditions;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:No.

BULGARIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

CROATIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.


CYPRUSGeneralnotes:

ü Prison population figures do not include the areas that are not under the effective control of theGovernmentoftheRepublicofCyprus.

ü Stockfiguresinclude596inmatesheldinprisoninstitutionand58inmatesheldinpolicestations.1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:5–5personswerereleasedunderpardonforhelathreasons;5. Collectivepardons:91–Therewerefouractsofpardon:29thSeptember2014,19thDecember2014,8th

April2015and15thAugust2015;6. Other:No.

CZECHREPUBLICGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.


DENMARK1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

ESTONIA1. Changesincriminallaw:On1stJanuary2015anamendmentofPenalCode(PC)hasenteredintoforce:

a)Theamendment redefined theprincipleofnon-retroactivityandspecified that it is appliedalso in cases where a more lenient law enters into force after a verdict concerning custodysentencehasbecomefinal(§5PC);b) If custodialsentence isreplacedbycommunitywork, thenewratio is1dayofcustody=1hourofcommunitywork(previously1day=2hours)(§69PC);c) If conditional release from prison is used, the term of the parole is from 1 to 5 years(previouslyitwasfrom3to5years)(§73(3)PC);d)Ifconditionalreleasefromprisonisused,itmaybeappliedafter4monthseffectivecustodyhastakenplace(previouslyitwasafter6months)(§76PC);e)Thetermofmandatoryparoleunder§76PC is thetermofunservedsentencebutnot less



than6months(previouslythetermofunservedsentencebutnotlessthanayear);f)Ifanoffenceof2nddegreeoranegligentoffenceof1stdegreehasbeencommittedbyaminor,thesubjectisreleasedmandatorilyonparoleifahalfofthesentence,butnotlessthan4months,hasbeeneffectivelyserved(§76-1PC);

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

FINLANDü Changesincriminallaw:No;ü Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;ü Amnesties:0;ü Individualpardons:0;ü Collectivepardons:0;ü Other:No.

FRANCEü Changesincriminallaw:Lawof15thaugust2014;ü Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:Anewpenaltywasintroduced:thepenal

constraint(lacontraintepénale);Thereisalsonewlegislationaboutrelasesunderrestriction.ü Amnesties:0;ü Individualpardons:0;ü Collectivepardons:0;ü Other: 508 persons were released under restriction. This mechanism establishes mandatory

appointmentsattheendofthesentencetoconsideraprogressiverelease.Thepenalconstraintiscarriedout outside the prison and is based on obligations and prohibitions regularly evaluated and adaptedaccording to the behavior of the author and his situation. These assessments, carried out by thePenitentiary Services of Integration and Probation (SPIP), allow the magistrates to individualize thesentencepronouncedduringitsexecution.

GEORGIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:7-Sixofthemwererealesedfromservingacustodialsentence,andthesentencetermwas

reducedfortheotherone;4. Individualpardons:613;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:11compassionatereleases.

GERMANYGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stMars2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:Thenumbersof individualpardons inGermanyduring the last12monthsbefore

31stMarch2015didnothaveaninfluenceontrendsinthenumberofprisoners;5. Collectivepardons:ThenumbersofcollectivepardonsinGermanyduringthelast12monthsbefore31st

March2014didnothaveaninfluenceontrendsinthenumberofprisoners;6. Other:No.

GREECE1. Changes in criminal law: Law 4322/2015 - Reforms leading to the earlier release of prisoners after

completingpartoftheirimprisonment;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

HUNGARY1. Changesincriminallaw:No;



2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

ICELANDIRELAND

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:CommencementofStatutoryInstrument

No.95of2015whichallowedfortheadmissionofmalesuptotheageof18onremandtotheChildrenDetentionSchools;

3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

ITALYGeneral note: The Department of Penitentiary Administration does not process data concerning juvenileoffenders.Thereforeinthisreportareincludedfiguresonlyonadultinmates.

1. Changesincriminallaw:Nonewmeaninglfulnormwasintroducedforthepenitentiarysystemintheperiodunderconsideration(1stSeptember2014to1stSeptember2015),butthedecreasingeffectswerestill lasting of legislative interventions recorded in last year’s report, so that the number of prisonerspresentfurtherdecreased,incomparisonwith1stSeptember2014.


LATVIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

1. Changesincriminallaw:OnOctober2ndand16th,2014,amendmentstotheseverallawswereadoptedin Parliament introducing Electronic Monitoring as an alternative to imprisonment. The amendmentsmodify the system for conditional release by offering an alternative option for prisoners who haveachievedaspecificresultofre-socialisationtobereleasedearlierwithelectronicmonitoring.Thismeansthat there is the possibility of serving a shorter part of the sentence in the penitentiary institution,comparing to the "usual" conditional release, if the detainee agrees on Electronic Monitoring. TheamendmentsrelatingtoElectronicMonitoringenteredintoforceon1stJuly2015.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:a. On 15th January and 18th June 2015 Parliament adopted amendments to the the Sentence

ExecutionCodeofLatvia,providingdisputeandappealofdecisionsmadeduringtheexecutionofcriminalpenalties.4m2asanormforlivingspaceperpersonwasimplemented(insolitarycells–9m2);

b. On 18th June 2015 the Parliament adopted amendments to the Law On the Procedures forHoldingunderArrest,providingthatthenormoflivingspaceforonedetaineeshallbenolessthan4m2;

c. TheCabinetRegulationNo276of2nd June2015“Implementingprocedures forhealthcareofthedetainedandconvictedpersons”becameintotheforceon9thJune2015.TheseRegulationsdefine thedetails of health care services tobeprovided for an inmate inLatvianprisons andLatvian Prison Hospitals, as well as in health care institutions outside the place ofimprisonment;

d. On12thJune2015,CabinetRegulationNo283of9June2015“ProceduresbywhichthePrisonsAdministration officials use special means” entered into force. These Regulations define thetypes of special means and the procedures for using special means by the PrisonsAdministrationofficerwithaspecialservicerank.

e. On1stJune2015,CabinetRegulationNo.344of30June2015“Rulesofprocedure,onpreparingareportregardingtheexecutionprocessandtheamountandcontentoftheinformationtobeincluded”enteredintoforce.TheseRegulationsdefinetheproceduresbywhichthedeprivationof libertyinstitutionshallpreparethereportabouttheexecutionprocessandtheamountandthecontentoftheinformationtobeincluded;



f. On1stJuly2015,CabinetRegulationNo.345of30June2015“Regulationsonthecompositionofthe Review Committees of Deprivation of Liberty Institutions, operational procedures anddecision-making criteria” entered into force. TheseRegulations define the composition of theReview Committee of Deprivation of Liberty Institution, its operational procedures anddecision-makingcriteria;

g. On4thSeptember2015,CabinetRegulationNo497of25August2015“Transferofconvictedordetained person and security arrangements during the medical treatment in the health careinstitutionoutsidetheplaceofimprisonment”enteredintoforce.TheseRegulationsdefinetheproceduresbywhichthePrisonsAdministrationofficerwithaspecialservicerankshallensurethetransferofinmatesfromprisonformedicaltreatmenttothehealthcareinstitutionoutsidetheprisonandsecurityarrangementsduringthetimeoftreatment.

3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons: 9 – Sevenmaleprisonerswere fullydischarged from furtherpunishment service

andtwomaleprisonerswerepartiallydischarged,i.e.,theirpunishmentwasdiminished;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

LIECHTENSTEIN1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

LITHUANIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons: 10 - During the period of 1st September 2014 to 31st August 2015 therewere 3

Presidential Decrees proclaimed granting pardon. As a result, seven prisoners had the term of theirservice reduced and three prisoners were pardoned from the remaining term of the sentence ofimprisonment;

5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

LUXEMBOURG1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NAP;4. Individualpardons:1–Oneprisonerhadthetermofhissentencereduced;5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.

MOLDOVA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:1;4. Individualpardons:1;5. Collectivepardons:0.

Other:No.MONTENEGRO


THENETHERLANDSGeneralnote:Inthetotalnumberofinmatesarenotincludedjuvenileoffenders.Moreover,personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderahospitalorderarealsonotincludedfromthecalculationofprison



population.Ontheopposite,illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasonsareincludedinthetotalnumberofinmates.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:272-IntheNetherlandsconvictedpeoplecangetanindividualpardon.Intotal272

pardonsweregiven,ofwhich59undercondition;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

NORWAY1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

PORTUGALGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.


ROMANIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;1. Individualpardons:2–From1stSeptember2014to31stAugust2015;4. Collectivepardons:0;5. Other:No.

RUSSIANFEDERATION2. Changesincriminallaw:No;3. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;4. Amnesties:34509inmatesweregrantedpardon-OrdinanceofTheStateDumaoftheFederalAssembly

of theRussianFederationon23rdApril2015,«Offeringamnestydueto70yearsofvictory inthegreatpatrioticwar»;

5. Individualpardons:5;6. Collectivepardons:NAP;7. Other:No.

SANMARINO1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SERBIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:49;4. Individualpardons:2inmatesweregrantedpardon;5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.

SLOVAKREPUBLIC1. Changesincriminallaw:Actno.73/2015Coll. -Theobstructionofofficialdecisionwasamended;Act

no.174/2015 Coll - The violation of protection from water and air pollution was amended; Actno.174/2015Coll.-Unauthorizedproductionanddisposalofozonedepletingsubstancewasamended;




SLOVENIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. New legislation concerning certain categories of prisoners: The Constitutional Court canceled the

compliancedetentioninMinorOffencesActonthe11thofDecember2014;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SPAIN(TOTAL)General note: The Penitentiary Administration does not have any competences over juvenile offenders. Thesecategoriesofoffendersaremanagedbytheadministrationsofautonomouscommunities.Thereforeinthisreportareincludedonlyfiguresonadultinmates.

1. Changes in criminal law: A reform of the Penal Code has introduced a new punitivemodality called"revisablepermanentprisonsentence"andhaschangedthenatureofconditionalreleaseturningitintoasuspensionofthesentence,insteadofaphaseofthefulfilmentoftheprisonsentence.ThesamereformofthePenalCodehasintroducedlegislativechangesregardingterroristcrimes,particularlyJihaddism;

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:Appliedto63inmates;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SWEDENGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.


SWITZERLANDGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto2ndSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:14inmatesweregrantedpardon;5. Collectivepardons:14collectivepardonswerepronounced;6. Other:242inmateswereconditionalreleased:for15inmatesthejudgementwasabolished,152inmates

werereleasedunderrepeating judgementprocedure,114 inmateswerereleasedafterpaying fine,and695inmateswerereleasedbeforetheexpirationofthesentence.Accordingtothelawontheexecutionofthesanctions“Thedirectoroftheinstitutionmaydismisstheconvictedpersonbeforetheexpirationofhissentence,iftheconvictedpersonservedatleastthreequartersofthesentenceandifparolewasnotgranted,i.e.,upto30daysforimprisonmentofoneyear,upto90daysforimprisonmentoffiveyearsandupto120daysforimprisonmentoverfiveyears”.

TURKEY1. Changes incriminal law: LawonAmendmentofTransfer toOpenPrisonsentered into forceon22nd

August2016;LawonAmendementofProbationServiceenteredintoforceon22ndAugust2015;



2. NewNewlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto30thJune2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

1. Changesincriminallaw:OffenderRehabilitationAct(ORA)2014:Anyoffendersentencedtoacustodialtermofmorethan1daywillreceiveatleast12monthssupervisioninthecommunity.Iftheybreaktheirlicence conditions then they may be recalled to custody. (more information athttp://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2014/11/contents/enacted);

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:157-Numbersofoffendersrecalledtocustody(asat30thJune2015)asaresultofORA2014.

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:InMay2015newruleswereintroducedinrelationtolegalaidremunerationwhichresultedina

number of solicitors and counselswithdrawing their representation from a range of court cases. ThedisputeendedinJanuary2016.Thedisputeaffecteddefendants’accesstolegalaidrepresentation,withtheresultthatmanycaseswerestalledduringthedispute.

UK:SCOTLAND1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.



TABLE1:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2015

Reference:CouncilofEuropeSPACEI2015.1

Country

Populationon1stJanuary2015

Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)

Prisonpopulationrateper100

000inhabitants

Totalcapacityofpenal

institutions

Surfaceareaperinmate(m2/perinmate)

Prisondensityper100places

Albania 2886026 5981 207.2 4999 5.3 119.6Andorra 78014 52 66.7 145 11.0 35.9Armenia 2998577 3888 129.7 4584 4.0 84.8Austria 8700471 9037 103.9 8751 10.0 103.3Azerbaijan 9705643 24197 249.3 25492 4.0 94.9Belgium 11289853 12841 113.7 10108 NA 127.0BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1415776 877 61.9 1459 4.0 60.1Bulgaria 7153784 7583 106.0 10296 4.0 73.6Croatia 4190669 3341 79.7 4022 4.0 83.1Cyprus 848319 654 77.1 672 6.4 97.3CzechRep. 10553843 20866 197.7 20782 4.0 100.4Denmark 5707251 3203 56.1 3761 7to12 85.2Estonia 1315944 2768 210.3 3322 3.0 83.3Finland 5487308 3007 54.8 3023 NA 99.5France 66661621 65544 98.3 57810 7.8 113.4Georgia 3729500 10242 274.6 21398 4.0 47.9Germany 82162000 63628 77.4 75140 NA 84.7Greece 10793526 9646 89.4 9886 6.0 97.6Hungary 9830485 17773 180.8 13736 2.8 129.4Iceland Ireland 4658530 3746 80.4 4180 NA 89.6Italy 60665551 52389 86.4 49624 9.0 105.6Latvia 1968957 4399 223.4 5852 4.0 75.2Liechtenstein 37622 8 21.3 20 9.2 40.0Lithuania 2888558 8022 277.7 9399 NA 85.3Luxembourg 576249 667 115.7 711 11.0 93.8Malta Moldova 3553056 7813 219.9 6675 3.4 117.0Monaco Montenegro 622218 1100 176.8 1350 4.0 81.5Netherlands 16979120 9002 53.0 11706 NA 76.9Norway 5213985 3664 70.3 4088 NAP 89.6Poland 37967209 Portugal 10341330 14222 137.5 12591 7.0 113.0Romania 19759968 28642 144.9 28285 NA 101.3RussianFed. 146267288 642470 439.2 812804 4.0 79.0SanMarino 33005 2 6.1 8 6.0 25.0Serbia 7076372 10064 142.2 9459 4.0 106.4SlovakRep. 5426252 10087 185.9 11184 3.5 90.2Slovenia 2064188 1399 67.8 1322 9.0 105.8Spain(total) 46438422 64017 137.9 53512 9.9 119.6Spain(StateAdm.) 39041431 55085 141.1 41399 133.1Spain(Catalonia) 7396991 8932 120.8 12113 NA 73.7Sweden 9851017 5770 58.6 6347 NA 90.9Switzerland 8325194 6884 82.7 7343 NA 93.7theFYROMacedonia 2071278 3498 168.9 2531 2.9 138.2Turkey 78741053 173522 220.4 171267 NA 101.3Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 58137613 86193 148.3 88321 NA 97.6UK:North.Ireland 1847088 1690 91.5 1841 NA 91.8UK:Scotland 5356482 7746 144.6 8083 NAP 95.8Average 134.7 91.4Median 115.7 93.7Minimum 6.1 25.0Maximum 439.2 138.2



TABLE1.1:CATEGORIESINCLUDEDINTHETOTALNUMBEROFINMATESINTABLE1

Doesthetotalnumberofinmates(Table1)includethefollowingcategories?

(1) Personsheldinpolicestationsorothersimilartypesofinvestigativeinstitutionsbeforetrial(2) Personsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(2.1)Ifthepersonsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffendersarecounted,howmanyamongthem(point2)are18yearsandover(3) Personsplacedineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(3.1)Ifthepersonsheldineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffendersarecounted,howmanyamongthem(point2)are18yearsandover(4) Personsheldininstitutionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutions(5) Personswithpsychiatricdisordersinpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitalsoutsidepenalinstitutions(e.g.personsconsideredasnon-criminallyliablebythecourt,personsundersecuritymeasures,etc.)(6) Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons

(6.1) If asylum seekers or illegal aliens held for administrative reasons are counted, howmanyofthem (point 6) are held in centres/sections especially design for this type ofdetention

(7) Personsheld inprivate facilities (e.g. privateprisons, detention centres, centres for the applicationof certainpenalmeasures [e.g. centres for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, centres for thetreatmentofaddictionsetc.])

(8) Personsunderelectronicsurveillance/ElectronicMonitoringReference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2015.1.1

Country (1) Howmany? (2) How

many? (2.1) (3)1.1.3.Howmany?

(3.1) (4) Howmany? (5) How

many? (6) Howmany? (6.1) (7) How

many? (8) Howmany?

Albania NAP *** Yes 89 No NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Andorra NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Armenia No *** Yes 6 NA NAP *** *** NAP *** No *** NAP *** *** No *** NAP ***

Austria No *** Yes 128 No No *** *** No *** Yes 155 No *** *** No *** Yes 294

Azerbaijan No *** Yes 80 0 No *** *** NAP *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Belgium No *** No *** *** No *** *** No *** Yes 205 Yes 2 0 No *** Yes 2049

BH:BiH(total)

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska NAP *** Yes 11 0 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Bulgaria Yes 198 Yes 41 NA Yes 41 NA NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 183

Croatia No *** Yes 50 25 No *** *** No *** No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Cyprus Yes 58 Yes 12 3 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 0

CzechRep. NAP *** Yes 98 51 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Denmark No *** No *** *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***

Estonia No *** Yes 94 70 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** No *** *** NAP *** Yes 108

Finland No *** NAP *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** Yes 12 Yes 215

France No *** Yes 737 5 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Georgia Yes 1416 Yes 54 2 NAP *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***

Germany No *** Yes 4397 3958 No *** *** No *** No *** Yes 25 NA Yes 1541 No ***



Country (1) Howmany? (2) How

many? (2.1) (3)1.1.3.Howmany?

(3.1) (4) Howmany? (5) How

many? (6) Howmany? (6.1) (7) How

many? (8) Howmany?

Greece No *** Yes 272 No NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Hungary No *** No *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 88

Iceland

Ireland NAP *** Yes 56 NAP NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 44 Yes 6 NAP NAP *** Yes 4

Italy No *** No *** *** NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 440 NAP *** *** NAP *** No ***

Latvia No *** Yes 38 9 No *** *** No *** No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Liechtenstein No *** No *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Lithuania No *** Yes 121 30 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Luxembourg No *** Yes 1 0 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Malta

Moldova No *** Yes 71 9 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Monaco

Montenegro Yes NA No *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Netherlands No *** No *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 268

Norway No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Poland

Portugal NAP *** Yes 189 183 NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 274 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Romania NAP *** Yes 466 310 Yes 255 134 NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

RussianFed. No *** Yes 1689 369 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

SanMarino Yes 0 Yes 0 0 NAP *** *** NAP *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Serbia No *** No *** *** Yes 211 39 No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***

SlovakRep. No *** Yes 63 No No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Slovenia No *** Yes 2 2 Yes 16 15 No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Spain(total) No *** No *** *** No *** *** Yes 417 No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 2099

Spain(StateAdm.) No *** No *** *** No *** *** Yes 397 No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 2064

Spain(Catalonia) No *** No *** *** No *** *** Yes 20 No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 35

Sweden No *** No *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Switzerland Yes 31 Yes 188 6 Yes 23 23 No *** No *** Yes NA 316 No *** No ***

theFYROMacedonia No *** Yes 41 20 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***

Turkey Yes NA NAP *** *** Yes 150 NA NA *** NA *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No ***

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales No *** Yes 680 *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No *** Yes 1714 237 Yes 15465 No ***

UK:North.Ireland No *** Yes 23 0 No *** *** No *** No *** Yes 2 0 No *** No ***

UK:Scotland No *** Yes 517 443 No *** *** No *** No *** Yes 2 0 No *** No ***



NOTES–TABLES1AND1.1

GENERALNOTES Table1: Figurespresented in thisTablemustbe read taking intoaccount that somecountrieswereunabletoprovidedataon1stSeptember2015.Insuchcases,the relevant day of reference is indicated in the notes below. Moreover,statisticalcountingrules(i.e. therulesapplied ineachcountry tocount theitemsthatwillbeincludedinprisonstatistics)varyacrossEurope;therefore,suchdiversity influence theway inwhich the totalnumberof inmates andthe capacity of penal institutions are calculated in each country.Given thispeculiarity, it is important to read the figures from Table 1 together withcategoriesincludedinTable1.1.

Table1.1bringsamoreaccuratedistributionofwhatcategoriesofpersonsareheldinpenal institutions (or institutions designed for detention of the personsmanagedbycriminaljusticesystem).

ALBANIANospecialcomment.ANDORRANospecialcomment.ARMENIAData relates to 1stOctober 2015 instead of 1st September 2015. These is explainedby the fact that theCriminal-ExecutiveDepartmentof theMinistryof JusticeofArmeniacarriesoutstatisticaldataanalysisquarterly.AUSTRIATable1.1:

ü Point(2):InAustriathereisonlyoneprisonspecialisedindetentionofjuvenileoffenders.Inthisinstitutionaredefactoalsodetainedconvictsaged18yearandover.AsthisspecialisedprisonislocatedinLowerAustria,juvenileoffendersonlypartlyservetheirsentencesthere.Hence,otherjuveniles are spreadover theotherAustrianprisons,where specialiseddepartments for youngoffenders are established. In the figure presented in the Table are included all inmates agedbetween 14 and 17. Are not included 8 children who live with their detained mothers and -accordingtothenationalrules-notcountedasjuvenileoffenders.

AZERBAIJANNospecialcomment.BELGIUMTable1.1:

ü Point (5): Under this heading are counted only “interned” inmates held in social welfareestablishment of Paifve which is under the direct responsibility of the Directorate General ofPenitentiaryinstitutions.Accordingtothefinaljudicialdecision,“interned”are:• a.1: Those, who committed an act qualified as crime or misdemeanour punishable by

imprisonmentand�• a.2:Whoatthemomentoftrialweresufferingfromamentaldisorderwhichseriouslyaffects

or�abolishesthecapacityofdiscernmentorcontroloftheactsand�• a.3: For whom there is a danger of recommitting new offenses because of their mental

disorders.�• Persons sentenced for crimes or misdemeanours, and who –during their detention– were

diagnosedby�aprisonpsychiatristmentalhavingdisordersthatseriouslyaffectorabolishtheircapacityof�discernmentorcontroloftheactsandwhoarelikelytoreoffendbecauseoftheirmentaldisorders.

ü Point(8):Electronicanklebraceletsandvoicerecognition.�



BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)Nospecialcomment.BULGARIANospecialcomment.CROATIADatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.CYPRUSTable1:Thetotalnumberofinmatesis672,ofwhich596wereheldinthePrisonInstitutionand58inpolicestations.CZECHREPUBLICDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.Table 1: Total number of inmates includes inputs from the Preventive Detention Facility for verydangerousoffenders.Table1.1:

ü Point(2):Thefigurereferstoallpre-trialdetaineesagedlessthan18,andyoungconvictsplacedin units for sentenced juveniles. There are no special units for juvenile pre-trial detainees, buttheyareplacedinspecialcells.

DENMARKNospecialcomment.ESTONIANospecialcomment.FINLANDTable1.1:

ü Point (8): There are 215 persons under supervised probationary freedom. The type ofsurveillanceappliedtothemistheGSM(Backdoormonitoring).

FRANCEü On 1st September 2015, there are 65 544 personsdefacto held in penal institutions (“écroués

détenus”). The total number of persons under the responsibility of the Penal Institution(“écroués”) is76008.Thisnumber includesprisoners,pesonsunderElectronicMonitoringandexternalplacementnon-hostedininstitutionsmanagedbythePrisonAdministration.

o The status “écroué” includes persons who are under the responsibility of the PenalAdministration(art.725duCPP),after thepronouncementofa judicialmeasure(“titrededetention”)ispronounced(art.D.149duCPP).

o The status “écroué détenu” refers to a person subject to a custodialmeasurewithin apenalinstitution(articleD.50duCPP).Thepersonisphysicallyheldinaprison.

§ For example, a persons under electronic supervision has the status “écroué”(becausehe/sheisundertheresponsibilityofprisonadministration),butisnot“écrouédétenue”,becausehe/sheisnotphysicallyheldinprison.

GEORGIADatarelateto31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Point (5): There are 105 personswith psychiatric disorders held in psychiatric institutions orhospitalsoutsidepenal institutions(undernonvoluntarypsychiatric treatment),notincludedinthetotalnumberofinmates(1.0).

GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.Table1.1:

ü Points(7):Those1541personsareheldinsocialtherapyfacilities.GREECENospecialcomment.HUNGARYNospecialcomment.



IRELANDTable1.1:

ü Point(2.1):Thereare3ChildrenDetentionSchoolsinIrelandprovidingplacestothecourtsforboysuptoage18onremandanduptoage17oncommittal,andgirlsuptoage18orderedtoberemanded in custody or committed to serve a sentence. All 3 schools are located at a singlelocation.Theschoolsdeliverachildcaremodelofdetentionfocusedoneducationandrehabilitionofthoseyoungpeopledetainedinordertoaddressoffendingbehaviourandsupporttheirearlyre-integrationintothecommunity.

ü Point(8):GPSTrackingSystem.ITALYTable1.1:

ü Point (2): Institutions for juvenile offenders are not under the authority of theDepartment ofPenitentiaryAdministration.Therefore,thefiguresonthetotalprisonpopulationcorrespondtotheadultinmates.

ü Point(5):AreincludedpersonsheldinJudicialPsychiatricHospitals,ofwhich226internees.LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.Table1.1:

ü Points (2) and (2.1): Under these items are included all juvenile inmates (pre-trial andsentenced).

ü Point (8): Electronicallymonitoredpersons are supervised by the State Probation Service andthesepersonsarenotcountedasprisoners.

LIECHTENSTEINNospecialcomment.LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.LUXEMBOURGTable1:Totalnumberofprisonersconcernspersonsheldinpenitentiarycentres(closed)inLuxembourgandGivenich(semi-detention).Table1.1:

ü Point (8): In the total number of inmates are not included 33 persons under electronicsupervision.

MONTENEGRONospecialcomment.THENETHERLANDSTable1.1:

ü Point (2): In the total number of inmates arenot included 452 juvenile offenders held in thefacilitiesforjuvenileoffenders(ofwhom333personsareaged18yearsandover).

ü Point(5):Inthetotalnumberofinmatesarenotincluded1475personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereundertheorderofanhospital.

ü Point (6): In the total number of inmates are not included 189 illegal aliens held foradministrativereasons.

ü Point(8):Thetypeofsurveillanceappliediselectronicbracelet.NORWAYGeneral Note:As of September 1st the Norwegian Correctional service signed an agreement with theDutch correctional service opening for a three year deal renting Norgerhaven Prison, increasing thecapacity by 242 closed cells. The job of transfering prisoners took a fewmonths. Figures for the totalnumberofinmatesandthetotalcapacityarethereforenotentirelyrepresentativeonthedateinquestion.PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.Table1.1:

ü Points (2) & (2.1): Leiria’sPenitentiary Institution – institution designed for the detention of



personsagedfrom16to21yearsold,includingremanddetainees.ü Point (5): Under this heading are included 274 inmates, of which 122 are held in custodial

psychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals,and152areheldinnon-custodialpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals.

ü Point(8):PersonsplacedunderElectronicSurveillancearemanagedby theGeneralServiceoftheCommunityReintegration(DirecçãoGeneraldeReinserçãoSocial).See:SPACEII2015report.

ROMANIANospecialcomment.RUSSIANFEDERATIONNospecialcomment.SANMARINONospecialcomment.SERBIATable1.1:

ü Points (8): Persons under ElectronicMonitoring (514)arenotincluded in the total number ofprisoners.

SLOVAKREPUBLICNospecialcomment.SLOVENIANospecialcomment.SPAIN(TOTAL)Table1.1:

ü Point (2): The Prison Administration has no competence concerning juvenile offenders, thismatter is managed by autonomous communities. Therefore, these juvenile offenders are notincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.

ü Point(8):Underthisheadingareincluded1918inmatessupervisedbyelectronicdevicesand83inmates under other control systems (in the General State Administration, i.e., excludingcatalonia).

FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.

SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)Nospecialcomment.SPAIN(CATALONIA)Nospecialcomment.SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto2ndSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIANospecialcomment.TURKEYTable1.1:

ü Points(4)and(5):ThereisnostatisticaldataavailableduetothefactthatthosewhohasbeentransferredtoousidehospitalsorAMATEM(alcoholandsubstanceaddictiontreatmentcenters)donotneedMinisterialapproval-asstipulatedbythesecondpartoftheCircularnumbered151anddated18.06.2012,subtitled“Transferduetoillness”,Article9Paragraf1(“inthecasesthatdetaineesandconvictsareinneedoftransfertoahospitaloutsideoftheirplacesofdetentionortrial for a short period, there is no need to get permission from the Ministry for transferproceedings, discretion and pursuancewill be performed by the relevant criminal chief publicprosecutor'soffice”).

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES



Datarelateto30thJune2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.Table1.1:

ü Overall figuresarepublished inOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly (January-March2015)QuarterlyTables.

ü Point (2): Juveniles in YoungOffender Institutions. Prisoners aged 15-17 (Table A1.1OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(January-March2015)QuarterlyTables).

ü Point (6): Immigration detainees: Table A1.17 Offender Management Statistics Quarterly(January-March2015)Annualtables).

ü Point(6.1):ForeignnationalsinNOMSadministeredImmigrationRemovalCentres(TableA1.12OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(January-March2015)).

ü Point(7):Inmatesheldinprisonsidentifiedas'contractedout'inthePrisonPerformanceDigesthttps://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/prison-and-probation-performance-statistics-2014-to-2015.xls: Altcourse, Ashfield, Birmingham, Bronzefield, Dovegate, Doncaster, Forest Bank,LowdhamGrange,Oakwood,Parc,Peterborough,RyeHill,Thameside.

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDGeneralcomment:Figuresrefer to those inprisonestablishmentsplus juveniles in the Juvenile JusticeCentre (JJC) which is not part of the prison establishment. The Juvenile Justice Centre is also aneducationalestablishmentandisclassedasbothaschoolandacustodialcentre.UK:SCOTLANDNospecialcomment.



TABLE1.2:CAPACITYOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2015(BYCATEGORIES)

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2015.1.2

Country

Totalcapacityofpenal

institutions(2.0)

Total

numberofcellsinpenal

institutions(2.1)

Surfacearea

effectivelyavailableperinmate(m2/inmat

e)

Capacityofremandinstitutionsandthosedesignedforservingcustodialsentences(2.2)

Ofwhich

Capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders(2.3)

Capacityofothertypes

ofinstitutions

(2.4)

Capacityofremandinstitutions/sections(pre-trials)(2.2.a)

Capacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentence(2.2.b)

Albania 4999 2143 5.3 4664 2300 2364 40 295Andorra 145 57 11.0 145 57 80 8 0Armenia 4584 804 4.0 4584 940 3644 NA ***Austria 8751 NA 10.0 NA NA NA 378 NAAzerbaijan 25492 NA 4.0 25292 4522 20770 200 ***Belgium 10108 NA NA 10108 NA NA NAP 205BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1459 6 4.0 1419 298 1121 40 ***Bulgaria 10296 NA 4.0 10296 1432 8864 348 ***Croatia 4022 1144 4.0 3774 1647 2127 122 126Cyprus 672 454 6.4 480 57 423 16 ***CzechRep. 20782 NA 4.0 20667 2473 18064 115 ***Denmark 3761 3761 7to12 3761 1647 2114 *** ***Estonia 3322 NA 3.0 NA NA NA 200 ***Finland 3023 NA NA 3023 NA NA *** ***France 57810 49691 7.8 57056 33531 23525 353 401Georgia 21398 3026 4.0 21186 NA NA 212 ***Germany 75140 NA NA 75140 NA NA NA NAGreece 9886 2463 6.0 9233 NA NA 653 ***Hungary 13736 4037 2.8 13736 3157 10579 NA NAIceland Ireland 4180 2857 NA 4180 485 3749 102 ***Italy 49624 31933 9.0 48393 36837 11556 No 1231Latvia 5852 1184 4.0 5551 1473 4078 170 131Liechtenstein 20 18 9.2 20 NA NA *** ***Lithuania 9399 NA NA 9086 1396 7690 313 ***Luxembourg 711 637 11.0 696 271 425 15 ***Malta Moldova 6675 NA 3.4 6426 1330 5096 249 ***Monaco Montenegro 1350 303 4.0 1330 445 885 20 ***Netherlands 11706 11706 NA 11706 4256 5805 *** ***Norway 4088 3859 *** 4088 *** 4088 4 ***Poland Portugal 12591 NA 7.0 NA *** *** 347 ***Romania 28285 NA NA *** *** 27115 1170 ***RussianFed. 812804 *** 4.0 812804 125951 686853 8609 ***SanMarino 8 8 6.0 8 NA NA 0 ***Serbia 9459 NA 4.0 8769 1949 6820 690 ***SlovakRep. 11184 2306 3.5 11184 1825 9359 118 ***Slovenia 1322 NA 9.0 1275 245 1030 47 ***Spain(total) 53512 53512 9.9 53512 *** *** *** ***Spain(StateAdm.) 41399 47595 NA Spain(Catalonia) 12113 5917 NA *** *** *** *** ***Sweden 6347 NA NA 6347 2022 4325 *** ***Switzerland 7343 NA NA NA NA NA 227 NAtheFYROMacedonia

2531 540 2.9 2488 452 2036 43 ***

Turkey 171267 NA NA 171267 NA NA 1308 NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 88321 NA NA 86948 NA NA NA 1373UK:North.Ireland 1841 NA NA 1841 NA NA 48 ***UK:Scotland 8083 7626 *** 8083 *** *** NA ***



NOTES–TABLE1.2

Theindicatorofprisondensity(generallyusedfortheassessmentofprisonovercrowding)iscalculatedonthebasisofthenumberofinmatesandtheavailablecapacityforallcategoriesofinmatesincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.Inordertoproduceasreliableaspossibleindicatorofprisondensityitiscompulsorytotakeintoaccountthedetaileddistributionofthecapacityofdifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions.When comparing the indicators of prisondensity andprison overcrowding,we look for details in eachcountryabouttherulesappliedwhencalculatingthecapacityofpenal institutions(e.g.surfaceareaperprisoner,operationalcapacity,etc.).Thefollowingnotesmustalsobetakenintoaccount.

DISCLAIMERCONCERNINGTHE

FIGURESOF

SURFACEAREAPER

INMATE(TABLE1ANDTABLE1.2)

Some of the national correspondents were asked to clarify the procedures ofcalculation of the minimal surface area per inmate. In some countries these figurescorrespond to the legal standards that are compulsory to be respected. In othercountries,thesefiguresareaverageestimatesoftherealindividuallivingspacesinsidecells.Inviewoftheabovemethodologicallimitation,thesedatacannotbeverifiedandcross-nationallyvalidated.Therefore,theyshouldbeusedasraw-dataonly.

ALBANIA

ü Point(2.4):CapacitiesofPrisonHospitalandSpecialInstitutioninKruja.AUSTRIA

ü Point(2.1):There isnoexclusiveremandinstitution inAustria,neitherspecificdefinitionofcapacity for pre-trials. Therefore, different institutions that accommodate remand detaineesandsentencedprisonershavetomanagethetotalcapacityoftheirprisonsaccordingtoactualneeds.

ü Point(2.2):ThereisonlyonespecialisedprisonforyoungoffendersinAustria.Thecapacityof378 places is the capacity in this specialised institution and the capacity foreseen in specialdepartmentslocatedinregularadultprisons.

AZERBAIJANü Surfaceareaperinmate:Thelivingspaceforprisonersintreatmentis5m2.

BELGIUMü Point (2.3): It is the capacity of the social welfare establishment of Paifve. Within this

establishment are placed “interned” inmates. Paifve’s establishment is under the directresponsibilityoftheDirectorateGeneralofPenitentiaryinstitutions.

BULGARIAü Point(2.0):Totalcapacitycorrespondstothetotalsumofthesurfaceofallfloors.Itdoesnot

includewarehousebuildings,ceilings,basements,workrooms,corridors,stairsandroomsforgeneralusage-steamshops,administrativepart,etc.

ü Point(2.1):There isno standard for the cells.Everyprisonhasdifferentdistributionof thecells. Inonecell therearedifferentnumberofprisoners,accordingtothecapacityof thecellandherequirementsfor4m2necessarylivingspaceperperson.

CROATIADatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Point(2.0):Totalcapacityincludes122placesforjuvenileoffendersand126placesinprisonhospitals.

CYPRUSü Point(2.0):Totalcapacityofpenalinstitutionsis672,ofwhich480placesinprisoninstitution

and192placesinpolicestations.CZECHREPUBLICDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Point (2.2): Capacity of the units for final sentenced juveniles only (not for pre-trial



detainees).Includes130placesforpreventivedetention(forsecurityreasons),and97placesintheprisonhospitalofPragueand113placesintheprisonhospitaloBrno.

ü Point(2.2.a):Includescellswherejuvenilesareplaced.ü Point(2.3):Capacityforfinalsentencedjuvenileoffenderonlyintheunitsforjuveniles.

ESTONIAü Point(2.0):Itisnotpossibletocorrectlyestablishthetotalnumberofcellsasat1stSeptember

2015. The Estonian cell-type prisons are builded in such a way that it is not necessary todistinguishcellsforpre-trialsandforthosewhoareservingasentence.

FINLANDü Point (2.0): In addition there are 88 places in prison hospital and psychiatric hospital for

prisoners.ü Point(2.2.a):Therearenospecificinstitutionsforpre-trialdetainees.ü Point(2.3):Therearenospecificinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.

FRANCEü Thesurfaceareaperinmatecorrespondstothetotalcellareadividedbythetotalnumberof

prisoners.ü Point (2.3): Fresnes’National PublicHealth Institution (EPSNF),National Evaluation Center

(CNE)andReceptionandTransferUnit(UAT).GEORGIA

ü Surfaceareaperinmate:3m2forpre-trialdetaineesand4m2forconvictedprisoners.ü Point (2.0):Corresponds to the total capacityof remand institutions and thosedesigned for

servingcustodialsentencesregulatedbytheMoCMinisterialOrderN106of27August,2015.Donotincludethecapacityofdetentioncentersforasylumseekers.

ü Point(2.2.a)and(2.2.b):Segregationofdatanotavailable.GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.HUNGARY

ü Points(2.2.a)and(2.2.b):Partialdataislisted,witheachofthembasedontheclassificationof the prisons (remand prisons and institutions designed for serving a sentence). On aninstitutional level the admission capacities can be used dynamically based on the currentnumberofprisonersandtheconditionssetbytheregulationsondifferentialtreatment.Dual-functioninstitutions,i.e.,prisonsforsentencedandremandinmates,haveatotalcapacityof3007(includedinthefigureunder2.2.b).

ü Surface area per inmate: According to relevant national regulations, capacity should bemeasuredpercellswhereeachpieceoffurniturethatlowerstheavailablesurface(e.g.:bunkbeds) shall not be counted. During allocation, the available surface should be at least 6m2,while in the case of male prisoners the available surface should be at least 3m2; 3.5m2 isrequiredinthecaseoffemaleandjuvenileprisoners.

IRELANDü Point(2.1):Remandprisonerscanbeheld inany"closed"prison. Juvenileoffendersarenot

placed in cells in the Children Detention Schools; they are allocated bedrooms of singleoccupancy(54bedsintotal).Thereisnolegalnormforthemeasurementsforthesebedrooms.Thereisnodifferenceinsizeofthesebedrooms.Thereisnodistinctionmadebetweenremandorcommittalbeds.2803 is thenumberofcells inprisonsbut this figure fluctatesslightlyascellsarecloseddownforrepair,painting,etc.

ü Point (2.2): Remand prisoners can be held in any “closed” prison; The 54 beds in childrendetentionschoolsareincludedbothinpoints(2.2.a)and(2.2.b)becausenodictintioncanbemadebetweenremandandcommitalbeds.

ITALYü Point(2.0):The figureunder thisheadingrefers to theregularcapacityof thewholeprison

system.InItaly,thecurrentregularcapacityofpenalestablishmentsiscalculatedonthebasisofaDecreeof theMinistryofHealthof1975relevant tocivilhouses; theparametersofsaid



MinisterialDecreewerewhollyadoptedbythePenitentiaryAdministration:inparticular,thesurfaceforeseenforasingleroomis9m2,plus5m2foreachfurtherbed.Keepingintoaccountthat the CPT recommends as minimum space for a single cell 6m2 (+4 per each furtherprisoner)andthatmanyStateschoosethoseparameters,wehighlightthatfromthefollowingcalculation simulations, the balance between capacity and prisoners present in Italianprisoners as of the date requested by this SPACE I survey (1st September 2015) would bepositive. In fact, with a surface of 7m2 per single cell + 4m2 per each further prisoner, theglobalcapacityoftheItalianprisonsystemwouldhavebeenor58190places,ofwhich53336availableand4854notavailable,withapositivebalancebetweenregularpalcesandprisonersof+5801andapositivebalancebetweenavailableplacesandprisonersof+947.Therateofpresenceswouldhavebeenof98.53%ofavailableplaces.

ü Point(2.1):Ofthe31933cells,only28824wereavailable(asonAugust2016).ü Surface area per inmate: The criteria adopted for the calculation of the surface per each

inmateisthesamecriteriaastheoneadoptedforcivilianhousing,i.e.9m2pereachprisonerinasinglecell,towhichareadded5furthersquaremeterspereachfurtherprisonerinmultiplecells.

ü Point(2.3):TheDepartmentofPenitentiaryAdministrationdoesnotprocessdataconcerningjuvenile offenders as these institutions are under the responsibility of the Department ofJuvenileJustice,undertheMinistryofJustice.Thereforethecapacityoftheseinstitutionsisnotincludedintheoverallcapacity(point2.0).

LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Point(2.4):CapacityoftheLatvianPrisonHospital.LIECHTENSTEINGeneralcomment:ThereareaccordswithAustriaforprisontransfers.LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.MOLDOVA

ü Point(2.0):Thetotalnumberofcellsisnotavailable.However,thetotalsurfaceis26700m2.THENETHERLANDS

ü Point(2.0):Thetotalcapacityonlyreferstothecapacityoftheadultprisonsystem.Besidesthecapacityofremandinstitutionsandjuvenileinstitutions,thereare1645placesthatcanbeusedforbothremandandsentencedprisoners,ofwhich397arereserveplaces.Therefore,thetotaladultcapacityis11706.Intotalcapacityarenotincluded1782placesofcustodialclinics,aswellas1762placesforillegalaliens(ofwhich240reserve).

ü Point(2.3):Intotalcapacityarenot included777placesforjuvenileoffenders(ofwhich127reservecapacity).

NORWAYü Point(2.2):Inmatesonremandandthoseservingasentenceareheldinthesameinstitutions.

Usually these groups are held in different wings but not always. Therefore, attempts todifferentiatepoints(2.2.a)and(2.2.b)wouldbeunreliable.

PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Point(2.0):Arenotincluded152personsheldinpsychiatricinstitutionsandhospitals,astheyarenotconsideredcriminallyresponsible.

ü Point (2.3): Leiria’s Penitentiary Institution designed for the detention of persons agedbetween16and21years.

ROMANIAü Point(2.2.b):Includesboththecapacityofprisonsandprisonhospitals.ü Point(2.3): Includes thecapacityofpenitentiaries for juvenilesandyoungadults,aswellas

thecapacityoftheeducationalcentres.ü Surfaceareaperinmate:4m2perinmateinclosedregimeinstitutions,inmaximumsecurity



institutionsandinthosedesignedforremanddetention.Ininstitutionswithopenregimeandsemi-liberty,andineducationcentresitis6m2perinmate.

RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Point(2.2.b):Thecapacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentencealreadyincludethe

capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.SANMARINO

ü IntheRepublicofSanMarinothereisonlyoneinstitutionforallthecategoriesofinmates.SLOVAKREPUBLIC

ü Point(2.2.):Juvenileoffendersareincluded.ü Surfaceareaper inmate: Standard surface areaper inmate is 3.5m2. Surface area foreseen

perfemaleandjuvenileinmatesis4m2.SLOVENIA

ü Surfaceareaperinmate:correspondstothesurfaceeffectivelyavailablepereachprisonerinthecellsasfollows:9m2perprisonerinsinglecellsand7m2perprisonerinmulti-occupancycells(commondormitories).

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü Point (2.0): The figure is calculatedon thebasis of thenumber of 53512 cells in the adult

penitentiary system.Mostof the cells are twoplacesof capacity.Theoperational residentialcapacityis77783places.

ü Points(2.1.a)and(2.1.b):Thepenal institutions inSpainaredesignedtohostbothremandandconvictedinmates.Separatefiguresarenotavailable.

ü Surfacearea:Sincecellshaveasurfaceof10to13squaremeters,theaveragesurfaceis11.5squaremeterswhich,multipliedbythetotalnumberofcells(47601)anddividedbythetotalprisonpopulation(64017)givesusthetotalamountof9.93m2perdetainee.

SWEDENDatarelateto31stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto2ndSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Point(2.0):Corresponds to theofficial capacity, that is, the totalnumberofplacesavailableestablishedbythecompetentauthority,withoutinfirmaryanddisciplinarycells.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESDatarelateto4thSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Point(2.0):Totaluseableoperationalcapacity(publishedinPrisonPopulationBulletin-Weekly4 September 2015: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/prison-population-figures-2015.xls).

ü Point (2.2): Prison useable operational capacity (published in Prison Population Bulletin-Weekly 4 September 2015: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/prison-population-

figures-2015).ü Point(2.4):TotaluseableoperationalcapacityofNOMSoperatedRemovalCentres(published

in Prison Population Bulletin-Weekly 4 September 2015:

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/prison-population-figures-2015).UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü Point (2.2): The prison establishments have capacity for 1 793 regardless of custodialcategory.

ü Point(2.3):CapacityforJuvenileJusticeCentreis48regardlessofcategory.UK:SCOTLAND

ü Point(2.0):Thereisnoseparateaccommodationforremandandsentencedprisoners.Femalejuvenileprisonersareheldinseparateaccommodationwithintheadultfemaleprison.

ü Point (2.3): There is one establishment for young persons, and two other establishmentsincludefacilitiesforyoungpersons.



FIGURE1.A:COUNTRIESWITHMORETHAN100PRISONERSPER100000INHABITANTS(HIGHESTPRISONPOPULATIONRATES)

In2015,theEuropeanmedianPrisonPopulationRate[PPR]wasof115.7inmatesper100000inhabitants.Comparedto2014,wecanobserveaslightdecrease,thesameindicatorwas124.0.ThegeneralriseacrossMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropebecameevenmorevisiblethanforpreviousyears.In2012,thePPRwas125.6;in2013thisindicatorreachedthepointof133.5inmatesper100000inhabitants.In2014thePPRstartedtodecrease,reaching124.0inmatesper100000inhabitants.In2015,thereare27(57%)outof47analysed Prison Administrations that reported high PPR (more than 100 inmates per 100 000 inhabitants). Thisproportion of countrieswith high PPR is lower to the one observed in 2014,whichwas 65%of all the 50 PrisonAdministrationsanalysed.

FIGURE1.B:COUNTRIESWITHPRISONPOPULATIONOVERCROWDING(MORETHAN100PRISONERSPER100PLACES)

In 2015, the median density in European penal institutions was of 93.7 inmates per 100 available places. Theindicatorhasapproximativelythesamevalueasin2014,whenitwas93.6inmatesper100availableplaces.Between2013and2014,therewasadecreaseof1%(from95.6in2013to93.6)in2014.The number of countries with more than 130 inmates per 100 places has decreased between 2008 and 2014: 6countriesin2008,7in2009,6in2010,5in2011,5in2012and2013,andonlyonein2014.Howeverin2015,therearetwocountrieswithmorethan130inmatesper100places,onemorethanlastyear.

103.9

106.0

113.7

115.7

120.8

129.7

137.5

137.9

141.1

142.2

144.6

144.9

148.3

168.9

176.8

180.8

185.9

197.7

207.2

210.3

219.9

220.4

223.4

249.3

274.6

277.7

439.2

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

EuropeanAverage:135.0EuropeanMedian:115.7

100.4

101.3

101.3

103.3

105.6

105.8

106.4

113.0

113.4

117.0

119.6

119.6

127.0

129.4

133.1

138.2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160European Average:91.4EuropeanMedian:93.7



TABLE1.3:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPT.2015:ADJUSTEDFIGURES


CountryPopulationon1stJanuary2014

Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)non-adjusted

Prisonpopulationrateper100

000inhabitantsnon-adjusted

Totalnumberofinmates

(includingpre-trialdetainees)

adjusted

Prisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitantsadjusted

Albania 2886026 5981 207.2 5892 204.2Andorra 78014 52 66.7 52 66.7Armenia 2998577 3888 129.7 3882 129.5Austria 8700471 9037 103.9 8460 97.2Azerbaijan 9705643 24197 249.3 24117 248.5Belgium 11289853 12841 113.7 10585 93.8BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1415776 877 61.9 866 61.2Bulgaria 7153784 7583 106.0 7120 99.5Croatia 4190669 3341 79.7 3291 78.5Cyprus 848319 654 77.1 584 68.8CzechRep. 10553843 20866 197.7 20768 196.8Denmark 5707251 3203 56.1 3203 56.1Estonia 1315944 2768 210.3 2566 195.0Finland 5487308 3007 54.8 2792 50.9France 66661621 65544 98.3 64807 97.2Georgia 3729500 10242 274.6 8772 235.2Germany 82162000 63628 77.4 59206 72.1Greece 10793526 9646 89.4 9374 86.8Hungary 9830485 17773 180.8 17685 179.9Iceland Ireland 4658530 3746 80.4 3636 78.1Italy 60665551 52389 86.4 51949 85.6Latvia 1968957 4399 223.4 4361 221.5Liechtenstein 37622 8 21.3 8 21.3Lithuania 2888558 8022 277.7 7901 273.5Luxembourg 576249 667 115.7 666 115.6Malta Moldova 3553056 7813 219.9 7742 217.9Monaco Montenegro 622218 1100 176.8 1100 176.8Netherlands 16979120 9002 53.0 8734 51.4Norway 5213985 3664 70.3 3664 70.3Poland Portugal 10341330 14222 137.5 13759 133.0Romania 19759968 28642 144.9 27921 141.3RussianFed. 146267288 642470 439.2 640781 438.1SanMarino 33005 2 6.1 2 6.1Serbia 7076372 10064 142.2 9853 139.2SlovakRep. 5426252 10087 185.9 10024 184.7Slovenia 2064188 1399 67.8 1381 66.9Spain(total) 46438422 64017 137.9 61501 132.4Spain(StateAdm.) 39041431 55085 141.1 52624 134.8Spain(Catalonia) 7396991 8932 120.8 8877 120.0Sweden 9851017 5770 58.6 5770 58.6Switzerland 8325194 6884 82.7 6642 79.8theFYROMacedonia 2071278 3498 168.9 3457 166.9Turkey 78741053 173522 220.4 173372 220.2Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 58137613 86193 148.3 85513 147.1UK:North.Ireland 1847088 1690 91.5 1665 90.1UK:Scotland 5356482 7746 144.6 7227 134.9Average 134.7 130.9Median 115.7 115.6Minimum 6.1 6.1Maximum 439.2 438.1



TABLE1.4:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2015BYDECREASINGPRISONPOPULATIONRATES(NON-ADJUSTEDVERSUSADJUSTEDFIGURES)


Country

Totalnumberofprisonersnon-

adjusted

Prisonpopulationratenon-adjusted↓

Country

Totalnumberofprisonersadjusted

Prisonpopulationrate–

adjusted↓

Diff.(%)betweentotal

numbers

1 RussianFed. 642470 439.2 1 RussianFed. 640781 438.1 0.32 Lithuania 8022 277.7 2 Lithuania 7901 273.5 1.53 Georgia 10242 274.6 3 Azerbaijan 24117 248.5 0.34 Azerbaijan 24197 249.3 4 Georgia 8772 235.2 14.45 Latvia 4399 223.4 5 Latvia 4361 221.5 0.96 Turkey 173522 220.4 6 Turkey 173372 220.2 0.17 Moldova 7813 219.9 7 Moldova 7742 217.9 0.98 Estonia 2768 210.3 8 Albania 5892 204.2 1.59 Albania 5981 207.2 9 CzechRep. 20768 196.8 0.510 CzechRep. 20866 197.7 10 Estonia 2566 195.0 7.311 SlovakRep. 10087 185.9 11 SlovakRep. 10024 184.7 0.612 Hungary 17773 180.8 12 Hungary 17685 179.9 0.513 Montenegro 1100 176.8 13 Montenegro 1100 176.8 0.014 theFYROMacedonia 3498 168.9 14 theFYROMacedonia 3457 166.9 1.215 UK:Engl.&Wales 86193 148.3 15 UK:Engl.&Wales 85513 147.1 0.816 Romania 28642 144.9 16 Romania 27921 141.3 2.517 UK:Scotland 7746 144.6 17 Serbia 9853 139.2 2.118 Serbia 10064 142.2 18 UK:Scotland 7227 134.9 6.719 Spain(StateAdm.) 55085 141.1 19 Spain(StateAdm.) 52624 134.8 4.520 Spain(Catalonia) 64017 137.9 20 Portugal 13759 133.0 3.321 Portugal 14222 137.5 21 Spain(total) 61501 132.4 3.922 Armenia 3888 129.7 22 Armenia 3882 129.5 0.223 Spain(total) 8932 120.8 23 Spain(Catalonia) 8877 120.0 0.624 Luxembourg 667 115.7 24 Luxembourg 666 115.6 0.125 Belgium 12841 113.7 25 Bulgaria 7120 99.5 6.126 Bulgaria 7583 106.0 26 Austria 8460 97.2 6.427 Austria 9037 103.9 27 France 64807 97.2 1.128 France 65544 98.3 28 Belgium 10585 93.8 17.629 UK:North.Ireland 1690 91.5 29 UK:North.Ireland 1665 90.1 1.530 Greece 9646 89.4 30 Greece 9374 86.8 2.831 Italy 52389 86.4 31 Italy 51949 85.6 0.832 Switzerland 6884 82.7 32 Switzerland 6642 79.8 3.533 Ireland 3746 80.4 33 Croatia 3291 78.5 1.534 Croatia 3341 79.7 34 Ireland 3636 78.1 2.935 Germany 63628 77.4 35 Germany 59206 72.1 6.936 Cyprus 654 77.1 36 Norway 3664 70.3 0.037 Norway 3664 70.3 37 Cyprus 584 68.8 10.738 Slovenia 1399 67.8 38 Slovenia 1381 66.9 1.339 Andorra 52 66.7 39 Andorra 52 66.7 0.040 BH:Rep.Srpska 877 61.9 40 BH:Rep.Srpska 866 61.2 1.341 Sweden 5770 58.6 41 Sweden 5770 58.6 0.042 Denmark 3203 56.1 42 Denmark 3203 56.1 0.043 Finland 3007 54.8 43 Netherlands 8734 51.4 3.044 Netherlands 9002 53.0 44 Finland 2792 50.9 7.145 Liechtenstein 8 21.3 45 Liechtenstein 8 21.3 0.046 SanMarino 2 6.1 46 SanMarino 2 6.1 0.0 Average 137.8 130.9

Median 118.3 115.6 Minimum 21.3 6.1 Maximum 439.2 438.1



NOTES–TABLES1.3AND1.4

InTables1.3and1.4,figureshavebeenadjustedaccordingtotheinformationprovidedbythecountriesonthecategoriesincludedandexcludedintheirtotalprisonpopulation(seeTable1.1).Indeed,inmanycountries, special institutions for thedetention of juvenile offenders, drug-addicts,mentally ill persons,and administrative aliens are not under the authority of the Prison Administration. As a consequence,personsheldintheseinstitutionsdonotappearinthetotalprisonpopulation.Onthecontrary,ascanbeseeninTable1.1,othercountriesincludeallorsomeofthesecategoriesintheirprisonpopulation.Thus,in order to produce figures on prison populations that are comparable across Europe, inTable1.3, allpersonsunderthesespecialregimeswereexcludedfromthetotalnumberofprisoners.

PRIVATEFACILITIES Persons held in private facilities were kept in the adjusted figures (Germany,Turkey,UK:EnglandandWales,andUK:Scotland).

The total adjusted number of prisoners corresponds, in principle, to the number of inmates held inpenal institutions foradult inmateswhichareunder theauthorityof thePrisonAdministration.Nevertheless,thesedatamustbeconsideredwithcautionastheadjustmentsdonotnecessarytakeintoaccountalltheparticularitiesofthestatisticalcountingrulesappliedbyeachcountry.

METHODOLOGICALREMARKS

Theresultsoftheadjustmentsmadeontherawdatashowthattheaveragedifferencebetweenthenon-adjustedandtheadjustedfiguresislessthan5%(Table1.4).Onlythreecountriesshowedadifferenceofmorethan10%betweenbothfigures:Belgium(17.6%),Georgia(14.4%),andCyprus(10.7%).In the special case ofGeorgia, the difference is explained by a high number of persons held in policestationswho are assimilated to pre-trial detainees, who are taken into account in the total number ofprisoners.InthecaseofCyprus,thedifferenceisexplainedbyahighnumberofpersonsheldinpolicestationswhoareassimilatedtopre-trialdetainees.



TABLE1.5:EVOLUTIONOFPRISONPOPULATIONSBETWEEN2005AND2015

(a) Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)on1stSeptemberofeachyear(sourceSPACEI)*;

(b) Prisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitantson1stSeptemberofeachyear(source:SPACEI)*;

(c) Change2005-2015=Evolution(inpercentage)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2005and2015;

(d) Change2014-2015=Evolution(inpercentage)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2014and2015.

*N.B.–Forsomecountries,theaccuratereferencedatemayvaryacrossyears(seeSPACEI2006to2015fordetails).Nationalpopulationfigureshavebeenupdatedforallyears(seeNotes)


Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (c) (d)(a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b)

Albania 3425 109.3 3884 123.3 5041 159.0 4482 140.7 4750 148.2 4772 168.5 4890 173.7 4998 172.4 5440 187.8 5981 207.2 89.7 10.3

Andorra 30 38.2 60 72.2 68 80.5 36 42.8 36 42.3 41 52.5 47 61.6 53 68.9 52 66.7 NA -3.2Armenia 2822 87.8 5682 176.5 3462 107.4 3825 118.4 3989 123.2 4918 151.3 4514 138.4 4714 144.0 4698 155.2 3979 131.9 3888 129.7 47.8 -1.7

Austria 8767 106.9 8780 106.4 8887 107.3 7899 95.0 8423 100.8 8597 102.6 8767 104.3 8756 104.1 8831 104.5 8857 104.1 9037 103.9 -2.8 -0.2Azerbaijan 16969 203.3 17809 211.1 20986 243.2 20470 230.1 21904 243.4 23191 254.5 21034 227.8 20327 217.3 22579 238.2 24197 249.3 22.6 4.6

Belgium 9371 89.7 9971 94.9 9879 93.3 10234 95.9 10901 101.4 11382 105.0 11825 107.5 12310 111.0 12697 113.8 13212 117.9 12841 113.7 26.8 -3.5

BH:BiH(st.level) 18 19 20 20 17 BH:Fed.BiH 1344 47.2 1557 54.7 1619 56.8 1736 60.6 1671 58.3 1700 72.7

BH:Rep.Srpska 1029 72.9 952 65.9 928 64.5 924 64.3 961 67.0 1046 73.0 1054 73.7 1062 74.3 1003 70.4 940 66.1 877 61.9 -15.1 -6.3Bulgaria 11436 147.4 11'058 143.3 10'271 133.7 9'408 123.1 9'006 118.4 9'379 9'885 131.7 9'493 130.3 8'834 121.3 7870 108.6 7583 106.0 -28.1 -2.4

Croatia 3485 78.4 3833 86.3 4127 92.9 4734 106.7 4891 110.3 5165 116.7 5084 115.2 4741 110.9 4352 102.1 3763 88.6 3341 79.7 1.7 -10.0

Cyprus 529 70.6 599 80.5 834 110.0 831 107.0 883 110.8 900 109.9 905 107.8 930 107.9 811 93.7 681 79.4 654 77.1 9.2 -2.9CzechRepublic 19052 186.4 18912 184.5 18901 183.7 20502 197.5 22021 210.4 21955 209.0 23170 220.9 22644 215.5 16266 154.7 18658 177.5 20866 197.7 6.1 11.4

Denmark 4132 76.4 3759 69.3 3624 66.5 3451 63.0 3721 67.5 3944 71.3 3947 71.0 3829 68.6 4091 73.0 3583 63.7 3203 56.1 -26.5 -11.9Estonia 4410 327.3 4310 320.5 3456 257.4 3656 272.6 3555 265.2 3470 258.9 3385 252.6 3417 257.8 3256 246.6 2962 225.1 2768 210.3 -35.7 -6.6

Finland 3823 73.0 3714 70.7 3624 68.7 3531 66.6 3589 67.4 3316 62.0 3261 60.7 3196 59.2 3126 57.6 3097 56.8 3007 54.8 -24.9 -3.5

France 57582 91.7 57876 91.5 63500 99.8 63185 98.6 61781 96.1 61142 94.5 64147 98.8 66704 102.2 66704 102.6 66869 101.6 65544 98.3 7.2 -3.2Georgia 8668 200.6 13419 304.9 18384 418.3 19507 445.2 19825 452.1 23684 533.9 24186 541.2 23227 516.4 8868 198.1 10233 227.9 10242 NA NA NA

Germany 78992 95.7 79146 96.0 77868 94.6 74706 90.9 73263 89.3 71634 87.6 70931 86.8 69268 86.2 67681 84.1 65710 81.4 63628 77.4 -19.1 -4.8Greece 9589 86.5 10113 90.9 10700 95.8 11798 105.2 11080 98.4 11934 105.6 12479 110.3 13238 120.3 12006 110.1 9646 89.4 3.3 -18.8

Hungary 16394 162.4 15591 154.7 14892 147.9 15079 150.1 15724 156.8 16459 164.4 17413 174.4 17585 177.1 18313 184.8 18'270 185.0 17773 180.8 11.4 -2.3

Iceland 119 40.5 119 39.7 115 37.4 140 44.4 118 36.9 165 51.9 149 46.8 152 47.6 152 47.2 154 47.3 Ireland 3135 74.5 3305 76.6 3523 80.0 3919 88.1 4352 97.4 4257 93.1 4323 94.3 4065 88.5 3829 83.1 3746 80.4 NA -3.3

Italy 59649 102.0 38309 65.2 45612 77.1 55831 93.6 63981 106.6 68345 113.3 67104 110.7 66271 111.6 64835 108.6 54252 89.3 52389 86.4 -15.4 -3.2Latvia 7228 313.4 6531 284.6 6452 282.8 6544 288.2 6999 309.5 6778 301.5 6556 316.0 6195 303.0 5205 257.2 4809 240.3 4399 223.4 -28.7 -7.0

Liechtenstein 10 28.9 10 28.6 6 17.1 10 28.3 7 19.7 14 39.0 13 36.0 8 21.9 9 24.4 8 21.5 8 21.3 -26.4 -1.3Lithuania 7993 233.4 8078 237.4 7842 231.7 7744 230.0 8295 247.6 8887 267.0 9504 311.3 10033 334.0 9621 323.7 8977 305.0 8022 277.7 19.0 -8.9

Luxembourg 693 150.3 755 161.0 744 156.2 673 139.1 679 137.6 690 137.4 644 125.8 659 125.6 717 133.5 656 119.3 667 115.7 -23.0 -3.0

Malta 298 74.0 343 84.7 577 140.6 494 119.4 583 140.7 599 144.1 622 149.0 577 136.9 134.2 Moldova 8990 249.7 8817 245.6 8130 227.0 7252 203.0 6769 189.7 6415 180.0 6337 178.0 6621 186.0 6666 187.3 7166 201.3 7813 219.9 -11.9 9.2

Monaco 34 102.8 37 113.5 36 110.2 34 96.2 23 64.5 12 33.4 32 90.3 41 109.1 29 28 74.1 Montenegro 986 156.5 1438 233.3 1328 214.2 1229 198.1 1142 183.9 1058 170.2 1100 176.8 NA 3.9

Netherlands 15390 94.4 13747 84.2 12919 79.0 11799 71.9 11629 70.5 11737 70.8 11579 69.5 11324 67.7 10547 62.9 9857 58.6 9002 53.0 -43.8 -9.5

Norway 3097 67.2 3164 68.2 3280 70.1 3278 69.2 3285 68.4 3636 74.8 3535 71.8 3551 71.2 3649 72.2 3718 72.8 3664 70.3 4.5 -3.5Poland 82656 216.5 88647 232.3 90199 236.6 83152 218.2 84003 220.3 80728 211.5 81382 211.2 84156 221.1 78994 207.5 77371 203.5

Portugal 12889 122.4 12636 119.6 11587 109.3 10807 101.8 11099 104.4 11613 109.2 12681 119.9 13614 129.1 14284 136.2 14003 134.3 14222 137.5 12.3 2.4Romania 37929 175.1 35910 166.2 31290 145.1 27262 126.6 27028 125.7 28191 131.4 29823 139.3 31883 158.7 33122 165.4 31637 158.6 28642 144.9 -17.2 -8.6

RussianFed. 823672 574.1 871609 610.6 871609 612.9 887723 625.1 880671 620.6 838500 590.8 780100 546.1 717400 501.5 681622 475.0 671027 467.1 642470



Country2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (c) (d)

(a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b)

SanMarino 1 3.4 1 3.3 1 3.3 2 6.2 2 6.4 0 0.0 2 6.3 1 3.0 2 6.0 4 12.3 2 6.1 79.8 -50.7Serbia 7775 104.3 8553 115.2 8978 121.4 9510 129.1 10262 139.9 11197 153.2 10955 150.6 11070 153.4 10031 139.7 10288 144.0 10064 142.2 36.4 -1.2

SlovakRepublic 9289 172.5 8657 160.6 8235 152.7 8313 153.9 9170 169.4 10068 185.6 10713 198.7 11075 204.9 10152 187.6 10179 187.9 10087 185.9 7.8 -1.1Slovenia 1132 56.7 1301 64.9 1336 66.5 1318 65.6 1365 67.2 1351 66.0 1273 62.1 1377 67.0 1360 66.1 1522 73.8 1399 67.8 19.6 -8.2

Spain(total) 61269 138.9 64120 143.4 66467 147.0 71778 155.5 78342 167.6 75859 161.3 71995 156.0 69621 148.7 68099 145.7 65931 141.7 64017 137.9 -0.8 -2.7Spain(St.Adm.) 57072 150.2 61939 159.7 67986 173.1 65098 164.8 61279 158.3 59410 149.7 58089 148.0 56391 144.2 55085 141.1 NA -2.2

Spain(Catalonia) 9395 130.3 9839 133.6 10356 138.5 10761 143.2 10716 144.1 10211 134.9 10010 133.8 9540 128.6 8932 120.8 NA -6.1

Sweden 7054 78.3 7175 79.3 6770 74.3 6853 74.6 7147 77.2 6922 74.1 6742 71.6 6431 67.8 5868 61.4 5861 60.8 5770 58.6 -25.2 -3.6Switzerland 6111 82.4 5888 78.9 5715 76.1 5780 76.1 6084 79.0 6181 79.4 6065 77.1 6599 83.0 7072 88.0 6923 85.1 6884 82.7 0.3 -2.8

FYROMacedonia 2132 104.8 2038 100.0 2050 100.4 2235 109.3 2461 120.1 2516 122.6 2515 122.2 2543 123.5 2846 138.0 3116 150.8 3498 168.9 61.2 12.0Turkey 54296 75.8 67795 93.5 85865 123.2 99416 140.8 115540 161.6 120391 165.9 126725 171.9 120275 161.0 136147 180.0 151451 197.5 173522 220.4 190.6 11.6

Ukraine 179519 381.1 165408 353.8 154055 331.5 148339 321.1 146394 318.5 152169 332.4 158532 347.7 151122 332.5 92290 204.0

UK:E&W 76190 142.6 77982 145.1 79734 147.4 83194 152.8 83454 152.3 85002 153.9 85374 152.0 86048 152.1 83842 147.2 85509 149.7 86193 148.3 3.9 -0.9UK:NIR 1337 77.5 1502 86.2 1445 82.1 1523 85.8 1456 81.4 1475 82.0 1703 94.3 1779 97.6 1822 99.6 1860 101.3 1690 91.5 18.0 -9.7

UK:SCO 6795 133.4 7192 140.6 7453 144.9 8088 156.5 8113 156.2 7890 151.1 8267 157.3 8145 153.3 7928 148.8 7879 147.6 7746 144.6 8.4 -2.0

Source:SPACEI2006toSPACEI2015

NB1:ThePrisonPopulationRatesforAzerbaijanarerecalculatedfor2010and2011includingonlyinmatesmanagedbythePrisonServiceandthepre-traildetentionfacilityundertheMinistryofNationalSecurity.

NB2:ThePrisonPopulationRates forBulgariaarerecalculatedforthewholeseries(2004-2013)byexcluding the inmatesheld inthe investigativedetentionfacilities[IDF],becausetheaccuratenumberoftheseinmatesismissingfor2013.Theevolutionshouldbeconsideredaspartialastherealnumberofthetotalprisonpopulationisnotavailable.

NB3:The Prison Population Rates for France are recalculated from 2008 to 2014 on the basis of the total number of prisoners effectively held in prison (écrouésdétenus”).

NB4:ThePrisonPopulationRatesfortheNetherlandsarefullyrecalculatedinthewholeseriesonthebasisofthefiguresavailablein2012(i.e.onlyadultinmates).



TABLE1.6:YEAR-TO-YEARPERCENTAGECHANGEOFPRISONPOPULATIONRATESBETWEEN2014AND2015



Tables 1.5 and 1.6 are based on non-adjusted figures in order to ensure comparabilitywith data frompreviousyears. Inorderto increaseaccuracy, thepercentagesshownin inTable1.6werecalculatedonthebasisoftherawdataprovidedbythecountries.

InTable1.5,previousrateswererecalculated.Therecalculationtookintoaccount:

(a) Modificationstopreviousfiguresprovidedbythecountries,and

(b) Updatestothenationaldemographicdata(totalpopulation)foreachyearmadebyEurostat.

Indeed,whenproducingannualSPACEreports,sometimesonlyestimatesofthedemographicalsituationineachcountryareavailable.Thismethodologicallimitationledtosomedistortionsforcountrieswherethecalculationsarebasedonestimatesorprovisionaldata.Inthatcontext,thefirstSPACEreportsuseddata fromtheCouncilofEuropedemographicreports,whichareno longerproduced.Consequently,welater revised the results forall these countriesand increased the comparabilitybyusing the samedatasourcefordemographicaldatainalmostallCoEMemberStates.

Currently, the main source for national population data is the Eurostat database, which is updatedconstantlyandincludesfiguresforsomeofnon-EUcountriesaswell.Thus,inordertoreduceasmuchaspossibletheeffectsofdifferentestimationproceduresandtousethelatestavailabledata,themajorityoftherecalculatedrateswerebasedontheEurostatfiguresofnationalpopulations.

Figures retrieved from theEurostatdatabase relate to1st Januaryof each referenceyear.However, thelackofinformationforsomecountriesornationalentitiesrequiredtheuseofdatafromothersources(formoredetails,seeChapterDemographicData).

Germany -4.8

Sweden -3.6

Belgium -3.5

Finland -3.5

Norway -3.5

Ireland -3.3

Italy -3.2

Andorra -3.2

Luxembourg -3.0

Cyprus -2.9

Switzerland -2.8 SanMarino -50.7Spin(total) -2.8 Greece -18.8Bulgaria -2.4 France -16.7Hungary -2.3 Denmark -11.9

Spain(StateAdm.) -2.2 Croatia -10.2 UK:Scotland -2.0 UK:NorthernIreland -9.7 Armenia -1.7 Netherlands -9.5 Liechtenstein -1.3 Lithuania -8.8 Serbia -1.2 Romania -8.6Moldova 9.2 SlovakRepublic -1.1 Slovenia -8.2Albania 10.3 UK:England&Wales -0.9 Latvia -7.0CzechRep. 11.4 Austria -0.2 Estonia -6.6Turkey 11.6 Portugal 2.4 BiH:Rep.Srpska -6.3TheFYROMacedonia 12.0 Montenegro 3.9 Spain(Catalonia) -6.1Georgia 20.5 Azerbaijan 4.6 RussianFederation -6.0

Increaseofmorethan5% Between-5%and+5% Decreaseofmorethan5%



InTable1.6,percentagesforthetwoPrisonAdministrationsofSpain(StateAdministrationandCatalonia)were calculated separately. Though,we included the national total trend aswell. This indicator for thewholecountryispresentedundertheheading“Spain(total)”.

For somecountries the totalnumberof inmates is lower than50 (Andorra,Liechtenstein,Monaco, andSanMarino).ThefigureforSanMarinoislargelyinfluencedbytheverysmalltotalnumberofinmatesheldinthecountry(usuallylessthan10persons).Therefore,thevariationsinthiscountryareoftenextreme.

BULGARIA

(1) Since 2004, all Bulgarian inputs included persons held in the Investigative Detention Facilities[IDF].Thecorrectedseriesfortheperiodlastingfrom2005until2012arethefollowing:

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

PPR 158.3 PPR 143.7 PPR 140.3 PPR 131.8 PPR 138.4 PPR 151.1 PPR 145.5

Total 12218 Total 11032 Total 10723 Total 10028 Total 10470 Total 11137 Total 10663

IDF 1160 IDF 761 IDF 1315 IDF 1022 IDF 1091 IDF 1252 IDF 1170

Prisons 11058 Prisons 10271 Prisons 9408 Prisons 9006 Prisons 9379 Prisons 9885 Prisons 9493

ü In2013, theaccurate figures fromIDFaremissing.This lackofreliable informationpushedtheauthors of this report to review the whole series since 2004 until 2013 (see Table 1.5) andrecalculatetheprisonpopulationratesonlyforprisons.

CYPRUS

ü ForthecalculationsinTable1.5weuseddataincludingdetaineesheldinpolicestations.Yet,thisinformation has probably not been provided for 2004. Since 2005, the information on thedistributionbycategoriesofprisonersindifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions(policestationsandprisoninstitution)isavailable.

ü For thecalculations inTable1.6weused the totalnumberofprisoners including thoseheld inpolicestations.Thetotalnumberofprisoners in2014was681andin2015itwas654inmatesrespectively.Thus,thedecreaseobservedinTable1.6isaccurate.

FRANCE

ü Table 1.5: Since 2008, figures on the total number of inmates include all persons under theresponsibility of the Penal Administrations (“écroués”). As in 2015 the figures only includesinmateswhoareeffectivelyhel inprisons (écouésdétenus), the serieshavebeencorrected fortheperiodlastingfrom2008until2014.Thecorrectedseriesfortheperiodarethefollowing:2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

PPR 98.6 PPR 96.1 PPR 94.5 PPR 98.8 PPR 102.2 PPR 102.6 PPR 101.6 PPR 101.6

Total 63185 Total 61781 Total 61142 Total 64147 Total 66704 Total 67310 Total 66869 Total 66869

ü Therefore, for 2015 points c) and d)were calculated taking into account the corrected figurespresentedbelow

ü Table1.6:Theyear-to-yearpercentagechangeofprisonpopulationratebetween2014and2015wascalculatedtakingintoaccountthe2014correctedfiguresshownbelow.

ITALY

ü Italian data until 2003 included juveniles in the total prison population. Since 2004 thesecategoriesofinmatesarenolongercounted

THENETHERLANDS

ü All the figures for the Netherlands have been recalculated by excluding the data on all theavailablecategoriesfor:

ü Juvenileoffendersinfacilitiesforjuvenileoffendersü Personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderhospitalorders,andü Illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons



ü TheonlyadditionalcategoryincludedasbeingmanagedbyPrisonAdministrationisthecategoryofpeopleunderElectronicMonitoring.

ü IntheTable1.6weusedtherawdatawhichrelatetothesamecategories includedinthetotalnumberofprisonersin2012andin2013.ThesecategoriesincludeadultinmatesheldinregularpenalinstitutionsaswellaspersonsunderElectronicMonitoring.

SPAIN

ü Table1.5:Inordertoensuretheaccuracyofthecomparisonswiththepreviousyears’data,weaddedCataloniandatainthetotalnumberofprisoners(Spaintotal=StateAdministration+Catalonia),andwerecalculatedthewholeprisonpopulationrateforthecountry.

ü Table1.6:ThetrendsforStateAdministrationandforCataloniaarepresentedseparately.



TABLE2:AGEANDCRIMINALRESPONSIBILITY


CountryAgeofcriminalresponsibility

Minimalagefortheapplicationofcustodialsanctionsandmeasures

Ageofcriminalmajority

Albania 14 14 18Andorra 14 14 18Armenia 14 14 18Austria 14 14 18Azerbaijan 14 14 18Belgium NAP 14 18BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 14 14 18Bulgaria 14 14 18Croatia 14 14 18/21Cyprus 14 14 16CzechRep. 15 15 18Denmark 15 15 18Estonia 14 14 18Finland 15 15 18/21France 13 16 18Georgia 14 14 18Germany 14 14 21Greece 15 15 18Hungary 14 14 14Iceland 15 15 18Ireland 12 12 18Italy 14 14 18Latvia 14 14 18Liechtenstein 14 14 14Lithuania 14 14 18Luxembourg 16 16 18Malta 14 14 18Moldova 14 14 18Monaco 13 13 18Montenegro 14 16 18Netherlands 12 12 18Norway 15 15 18Poland 13 15 17Portugal 16 NAP 21Romania 16 14 18RussianFed. 14 14 18SanMarino 14 14 18Serbia 14 14 18SlovakRep. 14 14 18Slovenia 14 16 18/21Spain(total) 14 14 18Spain(StateAdm.) 14 14 18Spain(Catalonia) 14 14 18Sweden 15 18 18Switzerland 10 15 18theFYROMacedonia 14 16 18Turkey 12 12 18Ukraine 14 16 18UK:Engl.&Wales 10 15 18UK:North.Ireland 10 10 18UK:Scotland 8/12 16 18/21



TABLE2.1.:MINORSANDPERSONSAGED18ANDOVERON1STSEPTEMBER2015


Country

Totalnumberofinmates(incl.pre-trial

detainees)

Custodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

Educationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

Incl.(Yes)/Excl.(No)

Howmany?

Ofwhichaged18andover

Incl.(Yes)/Excl.(No)

Howmany?

Ofwhichaged18and

overAlbania 5981 Yes 89 No NAP *** ***Andorra 52 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Armenia 3888 Yes 6 NA NAP *** ***Austria 9037 Yes 128 No No *** ***Azerbaijan 24197 Yes 80 0 NAP *** ***Belgium 12841 No *** *** No *** ***BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 877 Yes 11 0 NAP *** ***Bulgaria 7583 Yes 41 NA NAP *** NACroatia 3341 Yes 50 25 No *** ***Cyprus 654 Yes 12 3 NAP *** ***CzechRep. 20866 Yes 98 51 NAP *** ***Denmark 3203 No *** *** NAP *** ***Estonia 2768 Yes 94 70 NAP *** ***Finland 3007 NAP *** *** No *** ***France 65544 Yes 737 5 No *** ***Georgia 10242 Yes 54 2 No *** ***Germany 63628 Yes 4397 3958 No *** ***Greece 9646 Yes 272 No NAP *** ***Hungary 17773 No *** *** No *** ***Iceland Ireland 3746 Yes 56 NAP NAP *** ***Italy 52389 No *** *** NAP *** ***Latvia 4399 Yes 38 9 No *** ***Liechtenstein 8 No *** *** No *** ***Lithuania 8022 Yes 121 30 No *** ***Luxembourg 667 Yes 1 0 No *** ***Malta Moldova 7813 Yes 71 9 No *** ***Monaco Montenegro 1100 No *** *** No *** ***Netherlands 9002 No *** *** No *** ***Norway 3664 NAP *** *** No *** ***Poland Portugal 14222 Yes 189 183 NAP *** ***Romania 28642 Yes 466 310 NAP *** 134RussianFed. 642470 Yes 1689 369 No *** ***SanMarino 2 Yes 0 0 NAP *** ***Serbia 10064 No *** *** No *** 39SlovakRep. 10087 Yes 63 0 No *** ***Slovenia 1399 Yes 2 2 No *** 15Spain(total) 64017 No *** *** Yes 417 ***Spain(St.Adm.) 55085 NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(Catalonia) 8932 No *** *** Yes 20 ***Sweden 5770 No *** *** No *** ***Switzerland 6884 Yes 188 6 No *** 23FYROMacedonia 3498 Yes 41 20 No *** ***Turkey 173522 NAP *** *** NA *** NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 86193 Yes 680 *** NAP *** ***UK:North.Ireland 1690 Yes 23 0 No *** ***UK:Scotland 7746 Yes 517 443 No *** ***



TABLE2.2:MINORSAMONGINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2015


CountryNumberoffemalesagedlessthan18

Numberoffemaleinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)

%ofminorsamongfemale

inmates

Numberofmalesagedlessthan18

Numberofmaleinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)

%ofminorsamongmaleinmates

Albania 0 121 0.0 89 5860 1.5Andorra 0 11 0.0 0 41 0.0Armenia 0 171 0.0 6 3717 0.2Austria 16 535 3.0 120 8502 1.4Azerbaijan 0 694 0.0 80 23503 0.3Belgium 4 641 0.6 8 12200 0.1BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 0 14 0.0 14 863 1.6Bulgaria 1 240 0.4 0 7343 0.0Croatia 2 164 1.2 27 3177 0.8Cyprus 1 40 2.5 1 556 0.2CzechRep. 3 1433 0.2 44 19433 0.2Denmark 0 118 0.0 6 3085 0.2Estonia 0 145 0.0 25 2623 1.0Finland 1 228 0.4 8 2779 0.3France 37 2098 1.8 701 63446 1.1Georgia 0 320 0.0 52 9922 0.5Germany NA 3753 NA NA 59875 NAGreece NA 518 NA NA 9128 NAHungary 4 1310 0.3 74 16463 0.4Iceland Ireland 1 127 0.8 35 3619 1.0Italy NAP 2131 NAP NAP 50258 NAPLatvia 2 340 0.6 27 4059 0.7Liechtenstein 0 1 0.0 0 7 0.0Lithuania 2 320 0.6 96 7702 1.2Luxembourg 0 39 0.0 1 628 0.2Malta Moldova 1 485 0.2 46 7328 0.6Monaco Montenegro 0 37 0.0 0 1063 0.0Netherlands 0 482 0.0 1 8520 0.0Norway 1 186 0.5 1 3478 0.0Poland Portugal 0 862 0.0 11 13360 0.1Romania 16 1484 1.1 301 27158 1.1RussianFed. 49 52142 0.1 1257 590328 0.2SanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 2 0.0Serbia 4 366 1.1 92 9698 0.9SlovakRep. 4 649 0.6 76 9438 0.8Slovenia 0 81 0.0 3 1318 0.2Spain(total) NAP 4926 NAP NAP 59091 NAPSpain(StateAdm.) NAP 4327 NAP NAP 50758 NAPSpain(Catalonia) NAP 599 NAP NAP 8333 NAPSweden 0 331 0.0 18 5439 0.3Switzerland 1 375 0.3 18 6509 0.3theFYROMacedonia 0 112 0.0 21 3386 0.6Turkey 76 6289 1.2 2336 164821 1.4Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 0 3904 0.0 680 82289 0.8UK:North.Ireland 4 53 7.5 19 1637 1.2UK:Scotland 2 408 0.5 72 7338 1.0Average 0.7 0.6Median 0.2 0.4Minimum 0.0 0.0Maximum 7.5 1.6



NOTES–TABLES2,2.1AND2.2.

AUSTRIAü There is only one prison for juvenile offenders, but in fact also convicts aged over 18 are

detained in this institution. As this specialised prison is located in Lower Austria, not allAustrian juvenileoffenders serve their sentence there.Theothers are spreadover theotherAustrianprisons,wherespecialiseddepartmentsforyoungoffendersareestablished.

BULGARIAü Even tough the age of criminal responsibility is 14 years old, under 14 a person is not

consideredcriminallyresponsiblebutincursanadministrativemeasure.Datarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.CYPRUS

ü Figures refers to inmatesheld in theprison institutiononly (figures for thoseheld inpolicestationswereexcludedfromthecalculations).Therefore,figuresandcalculationsprovidedfortables 2.1, 2.2. and 2.3 are based on a total prison population of 596 inmates (figures ondetaineesheldinpolicestationswereexcluded).

ü Thereisnoexpressdefinitionoftheterms'adult'and'juvenile'.UndertheJuvenileOffenders'Law(Ch.157),theJuvenileCourthearschargesagainst'children'or'youngpersons'.Thislawdefines'child'asapersonundertheageof14and'youngperson'asapersonwhois14yearsofageorolderandundertheageof16years.Thereforeajuvenileisapersonfallingwithintheabovedefinitionof 'child'or 'youngperson'.AccordingtotheCriminalCode,“apersonundertheageof14isnotcriminallyresponsibleforanyactoromission”.

FRANCEü Table2.2:On1stSeptember2015,therewere2098womenand63446menunderthestatus

“écrouésdétenus”-ofwhich37juvenilewomenand700juvenilemenunder18yearsold-andatotalof2613womenand76008menundertheresponsibilityoftheprisonadministration(“écouées)–ofwhich37juvenilewomenand701juvenilemenunder18yearsold.

GEORGIADatarelateto31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

IRELAND

ü Theageof criminal responsibility is12yearsold, except for casesofmurder,manslaughter,rapeorserioussexualassault.Forthischargestheagelimitisloweredto10yearsold.

ü Thereare3childrendetentionschools in Irelandprovidingplaces forboysuptoage17andgirlsuptoage18orderedtoberemandedincustodyorcommittedtoserveasentence.All3schools are located at a single location. The schools deliver a child caremodel of detentionfocused on education and rehabilitation of those young people detained in order to addressoffendingbehaviourandsupporttheirearlycommunityre-integration.

LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.THENETHERLANDS

ü FigurespresentedinthisTableconcernonlythepopulationheldinpenalinstitutions,withoutjuvenileoffenders,peopleincustodialclinics,andadministrativealiens.

NORWAYü There are no juvenile courts in Norway, nor is there special legislation for young offenders

overtheageof15.TheGeneralPenalCodemakeshoweversomespecialprovisionsforthosebetweentheageof15and18.




ü Table2.1:Personsagedfrom16tolessthan21yearsareyoungadultsandaretriedunderaspeciallawwhichisspecifictothem.

SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SANMARINO

ü TheCriminalLawprovidesthepossibilityforthejudgetoassessanyconcessionsuntilattheageof21years.

SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Table2:Areincludedonlysentencedprisoners.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto2ndSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.UKENGLAND&WALESDatarelateto30thJune2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.UK:SCOTLAND

ü Table2.1:TheageoflegalresponsibilityinScotlandis8.However,childrenbetween8and12cannotbeprosecutedincriminalcourtsbutmustbereferredtothechildren'shearingsystem.Children aged 12 or more can be prosecuted in the criminal courts for particularly seriouscases. The majority of offenders under the age of 16 are currently dealt with through thechildren'shearingssystemratherthanthecriminalcourts.Thehearingssystemalsodealswithsomeyoungpeopleaged16and17.Offendersaged18andabovearedealtwiththroughtheadult criminal justice system, but prisoners under 21 are held in separate accommodation.Offendersunder16maybeheldinsecureresidentialaccommodationonoffencegroundsbutare not included in these figures. More information is available athttp://dera.ioe.ac.uk/10457/1/SB11-53.pdf

In Italy, Portugal, and Spain juvenile offenders are managed by other authorities than the PrisonAdministration. In Cyprus, Norway, and Sweden, the definition of juvenile offender and the specialregimeappliedtothiscategoryofoffendershavesomeparticularitieswhichshouldbetakenintoaccountwhendoingcross-sectionalcomparisons(seepreviousnotes).



13 out of 47 entities presented in Table2.3 donotincludepersonsheldincustodialinstitutionsfor juvenile offenders in the calculation ofaverage and median ages: Denmark, Finland,Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Liechtenstein, theNetherlands, Norway, Poland, San Marino,Spain (St. level), Spain (Catalonia), andSweden.

For Sweden the average and the median agesarecalculatedonlyforsentencedprisoners.

Finally, average and median values for Cyprusarebasedonpopulationheldinprison(withoutpersonsheldinpolicestations).

FIGURE2:COUNTRIESWITHTHEYOUNGEST(LESSTHAN34YEARS)PRISONPOPULATIONCLASSIFIEDBYDECREASINGMEDIANAGE

TABLE2.3:AVERAGEANDMEDIANAGESOFTHEPRISONPOPULATIONON1ST

SEPTEMBER2015


CountryAverageageoftheprisonpop.

Medianageoftheprisonpop.

Albania 34 28Andorra 36.3 32Armenia NA NAAustria 35.8 34Azerbaijan 35 NABelgium 37 35BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska NA NABulgaria 35 35Croatia 37 36.8Cyprus 37.3 36CzechRep. 37.8 32.5Denmark 34.1 32Estonia 37 35Finland 37.7 35.9France 33.8 31Georgia NA NAGermany NA NAGreece NA NAHungary 36.9 36.8Iceland Ireland 34 32Italy 40 39Latvia 37 40Liechtenstein 41.3 41Lithuania 35 32Luxembourg 35.9 34Malta Moldova NA NAMonaco Montenegro 34 33Netherlands 36.4 35Norway 37 35Poland Portugal 39.1 37Romania 35 34RussianFed. NA NASanMarino 29.7 29.7Serbia 37.2 35SlovakRep. NA NASlovenia NA NASpain(total) 39.4 38Spain(StateAdm.) NA NASpain(Catalonia) 38.3 37Sweden 37 35Switzerland NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 33.7 35Turkey 34.8 33Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 35.3 33UK:North.Ireland 35.5 32.2UK:Scotland NA NAAverage 36.1 34.5Median 35.4 35.0Minimum 29.7 28.0Maximum 41.3 41.0

28

30

31

32

32

32

32

32

33

33

33

33

34

34

34

0 10 20 30 40

Albania

SanMarino

France

Andorra

Denmark

Ireland

Lithuania

UK:North.Ireland

CzechRep.

Montenegro

Turkey

UK:Engl.&Wales

Austria

Luxembourg

Romania



TABLE3.A:FEMALEINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2015

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2015.3.a

Country


Numberof

femaleinmates

%offemalesinthetotal

numberof

inmates

Numberof

foreignfemales

%offoreignfemalesinthenumberoffemaleinmates

Numberoffemalepre-trialdetainees

%ofpre-trialfemale

detaineesinthenumberoffemaleinmates

Numberof

femalesagedless

than18

%offemalesaged<18inthenumberoffemaleinmates

Albania 5981 121 2.0 3 2.5 59 48.8 0 0.0Andorra 52 11 21.2 7 63.6 10 90.9 0 0.0Armenia 3888 171 4.4 11 6.4 38 22.2 0 0.0Austria 9037 535 5.9 211 39.4 112 20.9 16 3.0Azerbaijan 24197 694 2.9 26 3.7 167 24.1 0 0.0Belgium 12841 641 5.0 177 27.6 198 30.9 4 0.6BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 877 14 1.6 3 21.4 2 14.3 0 0.0Bulgaria 7583 240 3.2 11 4.6 11 4.6 1 0.4Croatia 3341 164 4.9 10 6.1 25 15.2 2 1.2Cyprus 654 40 6.1 27 67.5 14 35.0 1 2.5CzechRep. 20866 1433 6.9 94 6.6 146 10.2 3 0.2Denmark 3203 118 3.7 39 33.1 61 51.7 0 0.0Estonia 2768 145 5.2 13 9.0 36 24.8 0 0.0Finland 3007 228 7.6 23 10.1 55 24.1 1 0.4France 65544 2098 3.2 NA NA 721 34.4 37 1.8Georgia 10242 320 3.1 34 10.6 58 18.1 0 0.0Germany 63628 3753 5.9 NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 9646 518 5.4 NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 17773 1310 7.4 36 2.7 305 23.3 4 0.3Iceland Ireland 3746 127 3.4 19 15.0 27 21.3 1 0.8Italy 52389 2131 4.1 801 37.6 649 30.5 NAP NAPLatvia 4399 340 7.7 10 2.9 92 27.1 2 0.6Liechtenstein 8 1 12.5 1 100.0 1 100.0 0 0.0Lithuania 8022 320 4.0 5 1.6 22 6.9 2 0.6Luxembourg 667 39 5.8 25 64.1 18 46.2 0 0.0Malta Moldova 7813 485 6.2 6 1.2 129 26.6 1 0.2Monaco Montenegro 1100 37 3.4 4 10.8 16 43.2 0 0.0Netherlands 9002 482 5.4 99 20.5 224 46.5 0 0.0Norway 3664 186 5.1 47 25.3 51 27.4 1 0.5Poland Portugal 14222 862 6.1 229 26.6 90 10.4 0 0.0Romania 28642 1484 5.2 5 0.3 125 8.4 16 1.1RussianFed. 642470 52142 8.1 NA NA 10037 19.2 49 0.1SanMarino 2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Serbia 10064 366 3.6 16 4.4 70 19.1 4 1.1SlovakRep. 10087 649 6.4 11 1.7 71 10.9 4 0.6Slovenia 1399 81 5.8 8 9.9 17 21.0 0 0.0Spain(total) 64017 4926 7.7 1442 29.3 678 13.8 NAP NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 55085 4327 7.9 1209 27.9 598 13.8 NAP NAPSpain(Catalonia) 8932 599 6.7 233 38.9 80 13.4 NAP NAPSweden 5770 331 5.7 NA NA 103 31.1 0 0.0Switzerland 6884 375 5.4 NA NA 135 36.0 1 0.3theFYROMacedonia 3498 112 3.2 10 8.9 6 5.4 0 0.0Turkey 173522 6289 3.6 396 6.3 1057 16.8 76 1.2Ukraine 0 UK:Engl.&Wales 86193 3904 4.5 459 11.8 626 16.0 0 0.0UK:North.Ireland 1690 53 3.1 6 11.3 18 34.0 4 7.5UK:Scotland 7746 408 5.3 8 2.0 101 24.8 2 0.5Average 5.4 19.1 27.4 0.6Median 5.2 10.1 23.7 0.2Minimum 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0Maximum 21.2 100.0 100.0 7.5



NOTES–TABLE3.A.

AZERBAIJANü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeigners.

BELGIUMü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeigners.

CROATIADatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.CYPRUS

ü Figurespresented inTable3Aarebasedona totalof596 inmatesheld inPrison institution(for58personsheldinpolicestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).

CZECHREPUBLICDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ESTONIA

ü Thereare867inmatesconsideredas“stateless”persons.Thesepersonsarenotconsideredasbeing foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, aforeigner is a personwho has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.

FRANCEü On1stSeptember2015,therewere2098womenunderthestatus“écrouéesdétenus”,ofthe2

613womenundertheresponsibilityofPrisonAdministration(“écouées).GEORGIADatarelatesto31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ITALY

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ROMANIA

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.SLOVENIA

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Pre-trialfemaleinmatesarenotincludedinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto2ndSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.TURKEY

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.UK:ENGLANDANDWALESDatarelateto30thJune2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.



ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ü Figures for Table 3A are taken from Table A1.1 (Quarterly Table) Offender Management

StatisticsQuarterly(January-March2015).UK:SCOTLAND

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.



TABLE3.B:MALEINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2015

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2015.3.b

Country


Numberofmaleinmates

%ofmaleinthetotalnumber

ofinmates

Numberof

foreignmales

%offoreignmalesinthe

numberofmaleinmates

Numberofmalepre-trial

detainees

%ofpre-trialmaledetaineesinthe

numberofmale

inmates

Numberofmalesagedlessthan18

%ofmales

aged<18inthenumberofmaleinmates

Albania 5981 5860 98.0 86 1.5 2886 49.2 89 1.5Andorra 52 41 78.8 33 80.5 26 63.4 0 0.0Armenia 3888 3717 95.6 115 3.1 1001 26.9 6 0.2Austria 9037 8502 94.1 4679 55.0 1891 22.2 120 1.4Azerbaijan 24197 23503 97.1 586 2.5 4272 18.2 80 0.3 12841 12200 95.0 4969 40.7 3021 24.8 8 0.1BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 877 863 98.4 58 6.7 85 9.8 14 1.6Bulgaria 7583 7343 96.8 222 3.0 47 0.6 0 0.0Croatia 3341 3177 95.1 187 5.9 704 22.2 27 0.8Cyprus 654 556 85.0 223 40.1 98 17.6 1 0.2CzechRep. 20866 19433 93.1 1572 8.1 1814 9.3 44 0.2Denmark 3203 3085 96.3 826 26.8 1101 35.7 6 0.2Estonia 2768 2623 94.8 194 7.4 577 22.0 25 1.0Finland 3007 2779 92.4 432 15.5 551 19.8 8 0.3France 65544 63446 96.8 NA NA 16677 26.3 701 1.1Georgia 10242 9922 96.9 276 2.8 1358 13.7 52 0.5Germany 63628 59875 94.1 NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 9646 9128 94.6 NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 17773 16463 92.6 788 4.8 3878 23.6 74 0.4Iceland Ireland 3746 3619 96.6 444 12.3 554 15.3 35 1.0Italy 52389 50258 95.9 16503 32.8 17245 34.3 NAP NAPLatvia 4399 4059 92.3 144 3.5 1159 28.6 27 0.7Liechtenstein 8 7 87.5 6 85.7 3 42.9 0 0.0Lithuania 8022 7702 96.0 121 1.6 638 8.3 96 1.2Luxembourg 667 628 94.2 466 74.2 266 42.4 1 0.2Malta Moldova 7813 7328 93.8 80 1.1 1459 19.9 46 0.6Monaco Montenegro 1100 1063 96.6 166 15.6 314 29.5 0 0.0Netherlands 9002 8520 94.6 1624 19.1 3685 43.3 1 0.0Norway 3664 3478 94.9 1175 33.8 932 26.8 1 0.0Poland Portugal 14222 13360 93.9 2266 17.0 577 4.3 11 0.1Romania 28642 27158 94.8 245 0.9 2290 8.4 301 1.1RussianFed. 642470 590328 91.9 NA NA 104907 17.8 1257 0.2SanMarino 2 2 100.0 2 100.0 2 100.0 0 0.0Serbia 10064 9698 96.4 337 3.5 1468 15.1 92 0.9SlovakRep. 10087 9438 93.6 173 1.8 1276 13.5 76 0.8Slovenia 1399 1318 94.2 123 9.3 190 14.4 3 0.2Spain(total) 64017 59091 92.3 17268 29.2 7431 12.6 NAP NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 55085 50758 92.1 13606 26.8 6301 12.4 0 0.0Spain(Catalonia) 8932 8333 93.3 3662 43.9 1130 13.6 0 0.0Sweden 5770 5439 94.3 NA NA 1375 25.3 18 0.3Switzerland 6884 6509 94.6 NA NA 1714 26.3 18 0.3theFYROMacedonia 3498 3386 96.8 188 5.6 360 10.6 21 0.6Turkey 173522 164821 95.0 3169 1.9 22392 13.6 2336 1.4Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 86193 82289 95.5 10053 12.2 11159 13.6 680 0.8UK:North.Ireland 1690 1637 96.9 131 8.0 416 25.4 19 1.2UK:Scotland 7746 7338 94.7 287 3.9 1504 20.5 72 1.0Average 94.4 21.0 24.0 0.5Median 94.8 8.1 20.5 0.3Minimum 78.8 0.9 0.6 0.0Maximum 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.6



NOTES–TABLE3.B

AZERBAIJANü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeigners.

BELGIUMü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeigners.


ü Figurespresented inTable3Aarebasedona totalof596 inmatesheld inPrison institution(for58personsheldinpolicestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).


ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ESTONIA

ü Thereare867inmatesconsideredas“stateless”persons.Thesepersonsarenotconsideredasbeing foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, aforeigner is a personwho has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.

FRANCEü On1stSeptember2015,therewere63446menunderthestatus“écrouésdétenus”,ofthe76

008menundertheresponsibilityofPrisonAdministration(“écouées).GEORGIADatarelatesto31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ITALY

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.LIECHTENSTEIN

ü 3 foreignmales are inpre-trialdetention,1 isheld for extraditionand2are final sentencedprisoners.

LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ROMANIA

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.SLOVENIA

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Pre-trialfemaleinmatesarenotincludedinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto2ndSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.



TURKEYü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESDatarelateto30thJune2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ü Figures for Table 3A are taken from Table A1.1 (Quarterly Table) Offender Management

StatisticsQuarterly(January-March2015).UK:SCOTLAND

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.



TABLE4:FOREIGNINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2015

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2015.4

Country


Totalnumber

offoreigninmates

Adjustedtotalofforeigners(includingunknown)

%offoreignersinthetotal

numberofinmates

Adjusted%offoreigners(incl.

unknown)inthetotalnumberofinmates

Numberofforeignpre-trialdetainees

%offoreignpre-trial

detaineesinthenumberof

foreigninmates

Numberof

inmatescitizens

ofMemberStatesofthe

EuropeanUnion

%oftheEUcitizensinthenumberofforeigninmates

Numberofforeigndetaineesagedlessthan18

%offoreignminorsinthenumberofforeigninmates

Numberofdetaineesforwhich

thenationality

isunknown

%ofdetaineesforwhichthenationalityisunknownintotalprisonpopulation

Albania 5981 89 89 1.5 1.5 56 62.9 28 31.5 0 0.0 0 0.0Andorra 52 40 40 76.9 76.9 40 100.0 17 42.5 0 0.0 0 0.0Armenia 3888 126 126 3.2 3.2 56 44.4 12 9.5 0 0.0 0 0.0Austria 9037 4817 4890 53.3 54.1 1513 31.4 2015 41.8 79 1.6 73 0.8Azerbaijan 24197 612 620 2.5 2.6 127 20.8 7 1.1 0 0.0 8 0.0Belgium 12841 5146 5251 40.1 40.9 1785 34.7 NA NA 10 0.2 105 0.8BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 877 61 61 7.0 7.0 33 54.1 6 9.8 0 0.0 0 0.0Bulgaria 7583 233 233 3.1 3.1 14 6.0 47 20.2 0 0.0 0 0.0Croatia 3341 191 197 5.7 5.9 106 55.5 31 16.2 0 0.0 6 0.2Cyprus 654 250 250 38.2 38.2 53 21.2 123 49.2 0 0.0 0 0.0CzechRep. 20866 1666 1670 8.0 8.0 495 29.7 786 47.2 1 0.1 4 0.0Denmark 3203 865 887 27.0 27.7 485 56.1 274 31.7 NA NA 22 0.7Estonia 2768 207 1074 7.5 38.8 63 30.4 33 15.9 1 0.5 867 31.3Finland 3007 455 459 15.1 15.3 198 43.5 228 50.1 1 0.2 4 0.1France 65544 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 10242 310 311 3.0 3.0 105 33.9 9 2.9 0 0.0 1 0.0Germany 63628 19921 NA 31.3 NA 6301 31.6 NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 9646 5254 NA 54.5 NA 1264 24.1 NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 17773 824 NA 4.6 NA 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 NA NAIceland Ireland 3746 463 463 12.4 12.4 109 23.5 341 73.7 2 0.4 0 0.0Italy 52389 17304 17315 33.0 33.1 7307 42.2 3793 21.9 NA NA 11 0.0Latvia 4399 154 154 3.5 3.5 121 78.6 26 16.9 2 1.3 0 0.0Liechtenstein 8 7 7 87.5 87.5 4 57.1 4 57.1 0 0.0 0 0.0Lithuania 8022 126 128 1.6 1.6 34 27.0 31 24.6 1 0.8 2 0.0Luxembourg 667 491 491 73.6 73.6 251 51.1 282 57.4 0 0.0 0 0.0Malta Moldova 7813 86 86 1.1 1.1 NA NA 18 20.9 0 0.0 NA NAMonaco Montenegro 1100 170 170 15.5 15.5 98 57.6 4 2.4 0 0.0 0 0.0Netherlands 9002 1723 1994 19.1 22.2 885 51.4 725 42.1 1 0.1 271 3.0Norway 3664 1222 1222 33.4 33.4 548 44.8 501 41.0 1 0.1 0 0.0



Country


Totalnumber

offoreigninmates

Adjustedtotalofforeigners(includingunknown)

%offoreignersinthetotal

numberofinmates

Adjusted%offoreigners(incl.

unknown)inthetotalnumberofinmates

Numberofforeignpre-trialdetainees

%offoreignpre-trial

detaineesinthenumberof

foreigninmates

Numberof

inmatescitizens

ofMemberStatesofthe

EuropeanUnion

%oftheEUcitizensinthenumberofforeigninmates

Numberofforeigndetaineesagedlessthan18

%offoreignminorsinthenumberofforeigninmates

Numberofdetaineesforwhich

thenationality

isunknown

%ofdetaineesforwhichthenationalityisunknownintotalprisonpopulation

Poland Portugal 14222 2495 2495 17.5 17.5 667 26.7 651 26.1 11 0.4 0 0.0Romania 28642 250 253 0.9 0.9 62 24.8 85 34.0 8 3.2 3 0.0RussianFed. 642470 27696 NA 4.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASanMarino 2 2 2 100.0 100.0 2 100.0 2 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Serbia 10064 353 353 3.5 3.5 165 46.7 51 14.4 0 0.0 0 0.0SlovakRep. 10087 184 184 1.8 1.8 88 47.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Slovenia 1399 131 133 9.4 9.5 34 26.0 12 9.2 0 0.0 2 0.1Spain(total) 64017 18680 18710 29.2 29.2 3937 21.1 4465 23.9 NAP NAP 30 0.0Spain(StateAdm.) 55085 14785 14815 26.8 26.9 3215 21.7 3816 25.8 0 0.0 30 0.1Spain(Catalonia) 8932 3895 3895 43.6 43.6 722 18.5 649 16.7 0 0.0 0 0.0Sweden 5770 1285 1325 22.3 23.0 NA NA 477 37.1 NA NA 40 0.7Switzerland 6884 4885 4885 71.0 71.0 1463 29.9 NA NA 13 0.3 0 0.0theFYROMacedonia 3498 198 198 5.7 5.7 45 22.7 8 4.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Turkey 173522 3565 3578 2.1 2.1 1688 47.3 341 9.6 76 2.1 13 0.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 86193 10512 11032 12.2 12.8 2231 21.2 4126 39.3 73 0.7 520 0.6UK:North.Ireland 1690 137 137 8.1 8.1 86 62.8 91 66.4 0 0.0 0 0.0UK:Scotland 7746 295 296 3.8 3.8 NA NA 165 55.9 2 0.7 1 0.0Average 22.6 23.5 40.0 31.1 0.3 1.0Median 10.8 12.6 34.3 26.1 0.0 0.0Minimum 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3.2 31.3



TABLE4.A:ASYLUMSEEKERSANDILLEGALALIENSHELDFORADMINISTRATIVEREASONSAMONGFOREIGNINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2015

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2015.4.a

Country


Totalnumberofforeigninmates(incl.pre-trial

detainees)

Adjustednumberofforeigners(incl.

unknown)

Asylumseekersorillegalaliens

heldforadministrative

reasons(Table1.1)

Asylumseekersorillegal

aliensheldincentresespeciallydesignforthistypeofdetention

%Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldfor

administrativereasonsinthetotalnumberof

inmates

%Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldfor

administrativereasonsinthenumberof

foreigninmates

Belgium 12841 5146 5251 2 0 0.0 0.0Ireland 3746 463 463 6 NAP 0.2 1.3Switzerland 6884 4885 4885 NA 316 NA NAUK:Engl.&Wales 86193 10512 11032 1714 237 2.0 16.3UK:North.Ireland 1690 137 137 2 0 0.1 1.5Average 0.6 4.8

Median 0.1 1.4

Minimum 0.0 0.0

Maximum 2.0 16.3

NOTES–TABLES4AND4.A

Generalremark:ThequestionnaireSPACEI2015includedanitemonthenumberofforeigninmatesandasubsidiaryquestiononthenumberofthoseinmateswhowerecitizensoftheEuropeanUnion(EU).

Figuresonforeigninmatesweresometimesadjustedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesforwhomthenationalitywasunrecordedorunknown.Unlessotherwisestated,forcomparativeneedsweassumedthatallinmateswithunknownnationalitywerenon-nationals.

Table 4.A: There are five countries that, as a rule, include asylum seekers or illegal aliens held foradministrative reasons in the total number of foreign inmates: Belgium, Ireland, Switzerland, UK:EnglandandWales,andUK:NorthernIreland.Forallthesecountrieswecalculatedthepercentageofasylumseekersand illegalaliensheld foradministrativereasons in thetotalnumberof foreign inmatesandthepercentageoftheseinmatesinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation.TherawdataarepresentedandexplainedinTable1.1.

AZERBAIJAN

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeigners.BELGIUM

ü Table 4: Stateless inmates and those with unknown nationality and are not included asforeigners.

CROATIADatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Dataincludepersonssentencedforminoroffenses.CYPRUS

ü FigurespresentedinTable3.2arebasedonatotalof596inmatesheldinthePrisonInstitution(forthe58personsheldinpolicestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).


ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeigners.DENMARK

ü Inmates with unknown nationality: There are 22 persons with unknown and not specifiednationalities,ofwhich9arestateless.

ESTONIAü Thereare867inmatesconsideredas“stateless”persons.Thesepersonsarenotconsideredas

being foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, a



foreigner is person, who has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.

GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.THENETHERLANDS

ü ForeigninmatesincludedinTable4arepartofthetotalnumberofinmatesheldinadultpenalinstitutions and those who are under Electronic Monitoring. Are not included from thebreakdownjuvenileoffenders,personsheldincustodialclinicsandillegalaliens.

ü Illegalaliensheldforadministrativen(425)arenotincluded.PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015;

ü Table4:Figuresareonlyforsentencedprisoners.Dataonpre-traildetaineesarenotavailable.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto2ndSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.UK:ENGLANDANDWALESDatarelateto30thJune2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü ThemaininformationforTable4istakenfromTableA1.10ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(January-March2015).

ü NumberofprisonerscitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion:FigureistakenfromTableA1.12i ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly (January toMarch 2015) - adding up thefigures for the relevant states (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, andSweden).

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü NationalprisonersincludeUKandIrishcitizens.

UK:SCOTLANDü Pre-trialdetaineesincludeconvictedbutnotyetsentenced.



TABLE5:LEGALSTATUSOFPRISONPOPULATIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2015(NUMBERS)

a) Untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionhasbeenreachedyet);b) Detaineesfoundguiltybutwhohavenotyetreceivedasentenceyet;c) Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitfordoingso;d) Detaineeswhohavenotreceivedafinalsentenceyet,butwhostartedservingaprisonsentenceinadvance;e) Sentencedprisoners(finalsentence),ofwhich:

(e).1:Personsdetainedforfineconversionreasons(finedefaulters);(e).2:Personsdetainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation;

f) Othercases;g) Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees).


Country(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Ofwhich(f) (g)

(e).1 (e).2

Albania 1842 376 244 483 3036 5 29 0 5981Andorra 36 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 52Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3888Austria 2059 NAP NA NAP 6059 NA NA 919 9037Azerbaijan 4436 NAP NA NAP 19761 NA NA 0 24197Belgium 2655 NAP 544 NAP 8548 0 NA 1094 12841BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 16 68 3 0 790 36 1 0 877Bulgaria 451 198 NA NA 6934 NA NA NA 7583Croatia NA NAP NAP NA 2549 NA NA 0 3341Cyprus 112 NAP NAP NAP 484 8 0 NAP 654CzechRep. 1960 NAP 18906 NAP NAP NAP NAPDenmark 930 232 NAP 2041 0 0 NA 0Estonia 615 NAP NA NAP 2153 NA NA 0 2768Finland NA NA NA NA 2401 44 NA NAP 3007France 17911 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 65544Georgia 1416 NAP NA NAP 8826 NA 34 0 10242Germany 11359 NAP NA NAP 50945 4476 NA 1324 63628Greece 2356 NAP NA NA 7290 14 NA NA 9646Hungary 4183 NAP 792 NAP 13298 0 0 454 17773Iceland Ireland 581 NA NA NA 3156 13 NA 9 3746Italy 8917 NAP 8977 NAP 33955 NAP NAP 540 52389Latvia 392 242 327 127 3148 1 NA 163 4399Liechtenstein 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 1 8Lithuania 659 78 254 NA 7031 NA NA NAP 8022Luxembourg 284 NAP NA NAP 382 9 7 1 667Malta Moldova 1634 305 1097 232 6179 236 125 NA 7813Monaco Montenegro 330 0 0 36 734 4 0 0 1100Netherlands 2913 NA 996 NAP 4942 320 NA 151 9002Norway 983 0 NA 0 2681 67 NA 0 3664Poland Portugal 1714 NAP 589 NAP 11645 NA NA 274 14222Romania 1638 777 NA NA 26227 NAP NAP NAP 28642RussianFed. 114944 NAP NA NAP 527526 NA NA 0 642470SanMarino 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2Serbia 1538 7670 NA NA 958 NASlovakRep. 1347 NA NA NAP 8740 NAP 0 0 10087Slovenia 49 106 52 35 1141 NA NA 16 1399Spain(total) 8109 NA NA NAP 55908 NA NAP NAP 64017Spain(StateAdm.) 6899 NA NA NAP 48186 0 0 0 55085Spain(Catalonia) 1210 NA NA NAP 7722 137 18 0 8932Sweden 1478 NA NA NA 4292 NA NA NA 5770Switzerland 1849 NA NA 876 3673 306 102 486 6884theFYROMacedonia 239 75 8 41 3126 12 0 9 3498Turkey NA NAP 37611 NA 135911 NA NA NA 173522Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 8271 3514 NA NAP 72659 107 6176 1749 86193UK:North.Ireland 434 NAP 61 0 1195 5 189 0 1690UK:Scotland 1355 250 NA NAP 6141 21 NA 0 7746



NOTES–TABLE5

AUSTRIAü Point (f): 919 inmates, of which 801 inmates are under forensic psychiatric treatment and

securitymeasures.The118inmatesleftaredifferentkindsofimprisonmentsupportingotheradministrativeauthorities,provisionalarrestforforeigngovernmentsetc.


ü Figuresdonotincludethe58detaineesheldinpolicestations.CZECHREPUBLICDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.GEORGIA

Datarelateto31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ü Point(c): InaccordancewiththeGeorgiancriminalprocedures,thecourtjudgementsonthe

criminalcasesentersintoforceuponissuanceofthedecision.GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.IRELAND

ü Underthissectionthereare6immigrationcasesand3extraditionscases.ü Juveniles facing criminal charges before the courts are detained in the Children Detention

SchoolSystem-boysuptotheageof17andgirlsuptotheageof18.Theonlydatacollectediswhether theyhavebeen remanded in custodyor if theyhavebeen given a final sentence toserve,accordingtothetermsofChildrenAct(2001).

ITALYü Point(f):Personsundergoingsecuritymeasures.

LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.LIECHTENSTEIN

ü Point(f):1personheldforextradition.LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.MOLDOVA

ü Point(a)includesPoints(b),(c)and(d).Thetotalnumberofinmates(point(g))iscalculatedthroughthesumofpoint(a)–untrieddetainees–andpoint(e)–sentencedprisoners.

THENETHERLANDSü Dataareavailable for thepopulationheld inpenal institutions (seegeneralnotes).The total

number of prisoners does not refer to persons held in institutions for juvenile offenders,custodialclinicsandinstitutionsforillegalaliens.

ü Point(c): In this category are includedpersons appealing their sentence.Theoneswhoaresentencedbutwhohavenotappealedyet,butstillarewithinthestatutorylimittodoso,arepartofthepoint(a).Theycannotbemadevisibleasaseparatefigure.

NORWAYü Points(a)and(c):Anunknownnumberofpersonshavebeensentenced(orfoundnotguilty)

but the sentence is not legally binding as an appeal has been lodged. These persons remaincategorisedas“remandedincustody”.Therefore,Point(c)isincludedinPoint(a).

ü Point(b):Sentenceisgivenatsametimeasjudgmentofguilt.ü Point(e).2:Mostrevocationsarecombinedwithanewoffenceandthereforenotseparately

“visible”.PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Point (f): In this point are included 274 detainees who are under “security measures”



(mentallyilloffendersconsiderednon-criminallyliablebythecourt),ofwhich122areplacedin special psychiatric institutions or in penitentiary hospitals, and 152 in non-penitentiaryhospitals.ThesecategoriesofinmatesareincludedinPoint(e).

SERBIAü Point (a): Here are also included Detainees found guilty but who have not yet received a

sentence yet (point (b)) and sentenced prisonerswhohave appealed orwho arewithin thestatutorylimitfordoingso(point(c)).

ü Points (d) and (e): Here are as well included prisoners who have started serving prisonsentenceinadvance.Thesetwocategoriesareassimilatedtothestatusof“sentenced”.

ü Point(f):Inthispointareincluded856inmates,ofwhich:o Personswhowereorderedameasureofmedicaltreatment:429;o Juvenilesremandedtocorrectionalfacility:194;o Juvenilessentencedtopenal-correctionalfacility:17;o Punishedforminoroffences:216.

SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedinTable5aretotalsforbothStateAdministrationandCatalonia.SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto2ndSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.UK:ENGLANDANDWALESDatarelateto30thJune2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Point(e.2):Referstorecalls.ü Point(f):Othernon-criminalprisoners.ü AllitemsusedforTable5aretakenfromTable1.1ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly

(January-March2015)Annualtables.



TABLE5.1:DETAINEESNOTSERVINGAFINALSENTENCEON1STSEPTEMBER2015(PERCENTAGESANDRATES)


Country

Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(1)

Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(2)

Rateofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000

inhabitants(1)

Rateofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000

inhabitants(2)

Percentageofuntried

detainees(nocourtdecisionyetreached)

Rateofuntrieddetaineesper100,000

inhabitants

(a.1) (a.2) (b.1) (b.2) (c) (d)Albania 49.2 49.2 102.0 102.0 30.8 63.8Andorra 69.2 69.2 46.1 46.1 69.2 46.1Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 33.0 22.8 34.2 23.7 22.8 23.7Azerbaijan 18.3 18.3 45.7 45.7 18.3 45.7Belgium 33.4 24.9 38.0 28.3 20.7 23.5BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 9.9 9.9 6.1 6.1 1.8 1.1Bulgaria 8.6 8.6 9.1 9.1 5.9 6.3Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 17.1 17.1 13.2 13.2 17.1 13.2CzechRep. 9.4 9.4 18.6 18.6 9.4 18.6Denmark 36.3 36.3 20.4 20.4 29.0 16.3Estonia 22.2 22.2 46.7 46.7 22.2 46.7Finland NA NA NA NA NA NAFrance 27.3 27.3 26.9 26.9 27.3 26.9Georgia 13.8 13.8 13.8 Germany 19.9 17.9 15.4 13.8 17.9 13.8Greece 24.4 24.4 21.8 21.8 24.4 21.8Hungary 26.1 23.5 47.2 42.6 23.5 42.6Iceland 0.0 0.0 Ireland 15.8 15.5 12.7 12.5 15.5 Italy 35.2 34.2 30.4 29.5 17.0 Latvia 28.4 24.7 63.5 55.3 8.9 19.9Liechtenstein 50.0 37.5 10.6 8.0 0.0 0.0Lithuania 12.4 12.4 34.3 34.3 8.2 22.8Luxembourg NA NA NA NA 42.6 49.3Malta Moldova 41.8 41.8 92.0 92.0 20.9 46.0Monaco Montenegro 33.3 33.3 58.8 58.8 30.0 53.0Netherlands 45.1 43.4 23.9 23.0 32.4 17.2Norway 26.8 26.8 18.9 18.9 26.8 18.9Poland 0.0Portugal 18.1 16.2 24.9 22.3 12.1 16.6Romania 8.4 8.4 12.2 12.2 5.7 8.3RussianFed. 17.9 17.9 17.9 SanMarino 100.0 100.0 *** *** 100.0 2.0Serbia 23.8 15.3 33.8 21.7 15.3 21.7SlovakRep. 13.4 13.4 24.8 24.8 13.4 24.8Slovenia 18.4 17.3 12.5 11.7 3.5 2.4Spain(total) 12.7 12.7 17.5 17.5 12.7 17.5Spain(StateAdm.) 12.5 12.5 17.7 17.7 12.5 17.7Spain(Catalonia) 13.5 13.5 16.4 16.4 13.5 16.4Sweden 25.6 25.6 15.0 15.0 25.6 15.0Switzerland 46.6 39.6 38.6 32.7 26.9 22.2theFYROMacedonia 10.6 10.4 18.0 17.5 6.8 11.5Turkey 21.7 21.7 47.8 47.8 NA NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 15.7 13.7 23.3 20.3 9.6 14.2UK:North.Ireland 29.3 29.3 26.8 26.8 25.7 23.5UK:Scotland 20.7 20.7 30.0 30.0 17.5 25.3Mean 26.9 25.4 32.4 30.8 21.0 24.5Median 26.9 25.4 32.4 30.8 21.0 24.5Minimum 8.4 8.4 6.1 6.1 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 100.0 102.0 102.0 100.0 78.6



NOTES–TABLE5.1

Table5.1includestwotypesofcalculationforthecategoryof“detaineesnotservingafinalsentence”:

ü inthefirstcase[(a.1)and(b.1)],theheading(f)“Othercases”fromTable5isincluded,

ü inthesecondcase[(a.2)and(b.2)],theheading(f)“Othercases”fromTable5isexcluded

Thesecondtypeofcalculationhasbeenintroducedonthebasisofadditionalinformationprovidedbythenational correspondents,whichcanbe found in thenotes toTable5. Indeed, it seems thata significantpartofthepersonsincludedundertheheading“Othercases”cannotbeassimilatedtopersonswaitingforafinalsentencetobeimposed(i.e.thiscategoryincludespersonsheldforsecurityreasons,personsheldforcivilreasons,etc.).Nevertheless,inordertoensurethecomparabilityofthedatawithpreviousyears’reports,wehavealsokeptthefirsttypeofcalculation(a.1andb.1).

IMPORTANTMETHODOLOGICALNOTES

ü InTable5,whennodatawereavailableunderheading(c)“Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithin the statutory limit for doing so” and no further informationwas provided, it is assumed thatprisoners in that situation are included among thoseunderheading (e) "SENTENCEDPRISONERS (FINALSENTENCE)".Inthatcase,theresultsunderheadings“Percentageofprisonersnotservingafinalsentence”(a.1anda.2,Table5.1)andthoseunderheadings“Rateofprisonersnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000inhabitants”(b.1andb.2,Table5.1)mustbeusedwithcaution.

ü InTable5,whennodatawere availableunderheading (b) “Detainees foundguiltybutwhohavenot yetreceivedasentenceyet”andno further informationwasprovided, itcannotbeexcludedthatprisoners inthat situation are included among those under heading (a) "UNTRIEDDETAINEES (NOCOURTDECISIONYET REACHED)". In that case, the results under heading (c) “Percentage of untried detainees (no courtdecision reached yet)” and those under heading (d) “Rate of untried detainees (no court decision yetreached)per100,000inhabitants”ofTable5.1mustbeusedwithcaution.

ü Differentcolorbackgoundswereusedfor“merged”categories(e.g.categories(a)and(b)or(a),(b)and(c)ofTable5).

SERBIAü Inmates who have started serving prison sentence in advance (Point (d) of Table 5) were

excluded from the calculationsmade for Table 5.1, because these categories of inmates areassimilatedtothestatusof“sentenced”.

SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationofmeanandmedianEuropeanvalues.



TABLE5.2:DANGEROUSOFFENDERSUNDERSECURITYMEASURESON1STSEPTEMBER2015(NUMBERSANDPERCENTAGES)


Country

Totalnumberofinmates

(includingpre-trialdetainees)

Totalnumberofpersonsunder

securitymeasures/preventive

detentionfordangerousoffenders

%ofpersonsundersecuritymeasuresinthetotalnumberof

inmates

Personsheldasnotcriminally

responsiblebythecourt

Personsheldastotallyorpartially

criminallyresponsiblebythecourtandwhohavebeensentenced

(*)Arethesepersonsincluded

inthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation?

Albania 5981 166 2.8 115 51 NoAndorra 52 0 0.0 0 16 YesArmenia 3888 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Austria 9037 801 8.9 386 415 YesAzerbaijan 24197 NAP NAP NAP NAP ***Belgium 12841 124 1.0 NAP 124 YesBH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 877 2 0.2 NAP 2 NoBulgaria 7583 176 2.3 NAP 6855 YesCroatia 3341 NA 2.1 NA 71 YesCyprus 654 0 0.0 NAP NAP ***CzechRep. 20866 56 0.3 10 46 YesDenmark 3203 49 1.5 NAP NAP YesEstonia 2768 NA *** NA NA NoFinland 3007 NAP *** NAP NAP ***France 65544 NA NA NA NA NoGeorgia 10242 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Germany 63628 521 0.8 NAP 521 YesGreece 9646 NA *** NA NA YesHungary 17773 162 0.9 162 0 YesIceland Ireland 3746 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Italy 52389 540 1.0 NA NA YesLatvia 4399 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Liechtenstein 8 0 0.0 0 0 YesLithuania 8022 NAP *** *** NAP ***Luxembourg 667 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Malta Moldova 7813 338 4.3 NA NA YesMonaco Montenegro 1100 0 0.0 0 0 0Netherlands 9002 103 1.1 103 NAP NoNorway 3664 95 2.6 NAP 95 YesPoland Portugal 14222 0 0.0 0 0 NoRomania 28642 NAP *** NAP NAP ***RussianFed. 642470 NA *** NA NA ***SanMarino 2 0 0.0 0 0 YesSerbia 10064 NA *** NA NA ***SlovakRep. 10087 0 0.0 NAP NAP NoSlovenia 1399 NA *** NA NA NoSpain(total) 64017 606 0.9 NA NA YesSpain(StateAdm.) 55085 558 1.0 NA NA YesSpain(Catalonia) 8932 48 0.5 NA NA YesSweden 5770 NA *** NA NA ***Switzerland 6884 145 2.1 NA NA YestheFYROMacedonia 3498 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Turkey 173522 NA *** NAP NAP NoUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 86193 NA *** NA NA ***UK:North.Ireland 1690 NA *** NA NA ***UK:Scotland 7746 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Average 1.4 Median 0.9 Minimum 0.0



Maximum 8.9

NOTES–TABLE5.2

ALBANIAü Personsundersecuritymeasuresareheldinspecialsectionswithinprisons.Yet,theyarenot

included the totalprisonpopulation, because thedataprovidedby thepenal institutions forthiscategoryofinmateswereincomplete.Thereisnodivisionofthiscategorybyage,typeofcrime,judicialstatus,etc.

ü Ifpartialdatawouldhoweverbeenincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation,thepercentageofdangerousoffenderswouldcorrespondto2.8%.

BELGIUMü Persons included in the Table 5.2 are inmates of whom sentences were coupled with

requirement of placement at the disposal of the Court of the enforcement of sentenced(previously, at thedisposalof theGovernment) at theendof the sentence.According to thisprovisionthesepersonsshouldremainincustody.

ü Non-criminally liable offenders sentenced to measures of indefinite incarceration(internement)arenotundersecuritymeasuresstrictosensuand,therefore,arenotincludedinTable5.2.

CROATIADatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.CZECHREPUBLICDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.GERMANY

Datarelateto31stMarch2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ü Personsheldasnotcriminallyresponsiblebythecourtarenotincludedinthetotalnumberof

prisonpopulationfromTable1;theyareaccommodatedinforensicpsychiatrichospitals.ü Persons held as totally or partially criminally responsible by the court and who have been

sentencedareincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulationfromTable1.LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.THENETHERLANDS

ü In Table 5.2 are included 103 persons under security measures/preventive detention. Thiscategoryconsistsofpeoplethatarenotheldcriminallyresponsiblefortheircrimesandtheyareplaced in psychiatric clinics (outside the responsibility of prison service) by a judge for theduration of one year. Theyarenotincluded in the total prison population. Nevertheless, if allthesecategorieswereincluded,thepartofdangerousoffenderswouldbe1.1%.

PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.SERBIA

ü Personsundersecuritymeasuresareincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulationthroughotherstatisticalcategories.

SPAIN(TOTAL)

ü There are no custodial security measures which can be served in special establishments andimposedtotheconvictsafterservingthesentenceonthebasisofadangerousnessassessmentbytheCourt.Onlysecuritymeasuresassimilatedtoalternativestoimprisonmentareapplicable.Thesemeasuresareimposedtopeoplewhoaredeclaredcriminallynotresponsibleorpartiallyresponsible.Thenumberofsuchpersonswas606.ThePenitentiaryAdministrationisinchargeonly of the execution of custodial securitymeasures.Non-custodial securitymeasures are notunderitscompetences.



FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto2ndSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Figureson“interned”offendersheldundermeasuresof(in)definiteimprisonment:art.64oftheCriminalCode.

UK:SCOTLANDü Thereisnoformalconceptofpreventivedetentionfordangerousoffenders,apartfromremand

(pre-trial detention for those accused of committing a crime) for the purposes of publicprotection,ordetentionundermentalhealthlegislation(whichmayormaynotbeasresultofacriminalact).



TABLE6:MAINOFFENCEOFSENTENCEDPRISONERS(FINALSENTENCE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2015(NUMBERS)


CountryHom

icide(incl.

attempts)

Assaultandbattery

Rape

Othertypesofsexual

offences

Robbery

Othertypesoftheft

Econom

icand

financialoffences

Drugoffences

Terrorism

Organisedcrime

Cybercrime

Othercases

Numberofsentenced

prisoners(final

sentence)

Albania 1195 84 78 59 371 294 48 567 10 55 1 274 3036Andorra 2 5 0 5 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 16Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2849Austria (335) (NA) (141) (138) (965) (1886) (NA) (943) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (6059)Azerbaijan 2482 955 236 NA 1069 3644 150 5607 NA NA NA 5618 19761Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 280 131 18 15 91 23 25 84 0 26 0 97 280Bulgaria (1796) (204) (259) (259) (1393) (3078) (814) (511) (0) (86) (0) (233) (1796)Croatia 352 98 91 122 375 564 245 316 0 NA 1 385 352Cyprus 55 26 36 33 39 81 17 133 0 0 0 64 55CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 196 321 96 65 208 239 69 497 NA NA NA 350 196Estonia 445 143 92 19 291 310 8 610 0 14 6 215 445Finland 581 394 119 159 243 175 456 0 0 0 230 2401France NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia (1155) (448) (98) (87) (1676) (2529) (477) (2721) (16) (84) (1) (1026) (1155)Germany (3888) (6492) (3715) (6720) (11947) (5973) (6820) (NA) (NA) (NA) (4960) (3888)Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2149 NA NA NA NA NAHungary 1224 1240 212 453 2660 3332 NA 436 3 NA NA 3738 1224Iceland Ireland 429 437 161 197 130 586 42 415 15 0 0 744 429Italy 6443 84 1896 636 5325 1722 312 10564 58 444 NA 6471 6443Latvia 495 284 134 109 849 695 107 409 0 2 12 52 495Liechtenstein 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0Lithuania 1856 412 351 96 1014 1154 65 896 0 16 NA 1503 1856Luxembourg 63 44 24 6 29 59 10 100 0 0 0 47 63Malta Moldova 1500 619 321 283 495 1270 30 331 0 14 0 1316 6179Monaco Montenegro 138 61 3 2 63 75 9 184 17 3 0 179 138Netherlands 772 162 186 628 677 164 751 NA 16 NA 1586 4942Norway 186 382 227 253 227 103 159 665 0 0 0 546 186Poland Portugal 1076 406 204 324 1463 1482 NA 2294 0 NAP NAP 4670 1076Romania 5797 450 1692 128 4484 5960 714 1276 27 533 58 5108 5797RussianFed. 146827 70776 11008 9041 34249 75475 785 132116 245 2393 3 44608 146827SanMarino 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Serbia 736 138 183 130 1150 1866 31 1687 32 45 0 1672 736SlovakRep. 589 389 133 221 1209 1642 487 998 1 12 0 3059 589Slovenia 114 48 23 79 219 257 86 234 1 8 1 71 114Spain(total) 4342 2858 1859 1355 17223 2011 2238 12589 185 27 NA 11221 4342Spain(St.Adm.) 3556 2460 1528 1163 15347 850 1853 11114 185 9 NA 10121 3556Spain(Catalonia) 786 398 331 192 1876 1161 385 1475 0 18 0 1100 786Sweden 570 450 211 182 430 351 221 859 NA NA NA 1018 570Switzerland 445 171 145 NA 328 898 3 848 NAP 2 NA 833 445theFYROMacedonia 284 123 41 124 718 477 89 544 8 223 3 492 284Turkey (24502) (20234) (12253) (1996) (19232) (35439) (7393) (23589) (4689) (1539) (NA) (NA) (24502)Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 6892 11645 6175 5315 8246 11567 1409 10442 NAP NAP NAP 10968 6892UK:North.Ireland 189 221 56 67 123 117 NA 87 NA NA NA 335 189UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA



TABLE6.1:MAINOFFENCEOFSENTENCEDPRISONERS(FINALSENTENCE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2015(PERCENTAGES)


Country

Hom

icide

(incl.

attempts)

Assaultand

battery

Rape

Othertypes

ofsexual

offences

Robbery

Othertypes

oftheft

Econom

ic

andfinancial

offences

Drug

offences

Terrorism

Organised

crime

Cybercrime

Othercases

Albania 39.4 2.8 2.6 1.9 12.2 9.7 1.6 18.7 0.3 1.8 0.0 9.0Andorra 12.5 31.3 0.0 31.3 6.3 0.0 12.5 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria (5.5) (NA) (2.3) (2.3) (15.9) (31.1) (NA) (15.6) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Azerbaijan 12.6 4.8 1.2 NA 5.4 18.4 0.8 28.4 NA NA NA 28.4Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 35.4 16.6 2.3 1.9 11.5 2.9 3.2 10.6 0.0 3.3 0.0 12.3Bulgaria (25.9) (2.9) (3.7) (3.7) (20.1) (44.4) (11.7) (7.4) (0.0) (1.2) (0.0) (3.4)Croatia 13.8 3.8 3.6 4.8 14.7 22.1 9.6 12.4 0.0 NA 0.0 15.1Cyprus 11.4 5.4 7.4 6.8 8.1 16.7 3.5 27.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.2CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 9.6 15.7 4.7 3.2 10.2 11.7 3.4 24.4 NA NA NA 17.1Estonia 20.7 6.6 4.3 0.9 13.5 14.4 0.4 28.3 0.0 0.7 0.3 10.0Finland 24.2 16.4 5.0 6.6 10.1 7.3 19.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6France NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia (13.1) (5.1) (1.1) (1.0) (19.0) (28.7) (5.4) (30.8) (0.2) (1.0) (0.0) (11.6)Germany (7.6) (12.7) (7.3) (13.2) (23.5) (11.7) (13.4) (NA) (NA) (NA) (9.7)Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 29.5 NA NA NA NAHungary 9.2 9.3 1.6 3.4 20.0 25.1 NA 3.3 0.0 NA NA 28.1Iceland Ireland 13.6 13.8 5.1 6.2 4.1 18.6 1.3 13.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 23.6Italy 19.0 0.2 5.6 1.9 15.7 5.1 0.9 31.1 0.2 1.3 NA 19.1Latvia 15.7 9.0 4.3 3.5 27.0 22.1 3.4 13.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.7Liechtenstein 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0Lithuania 26.4 5.9 5.0 1.4 14.4 16.4 0.9 12.7 0.0 0.2 NA 21.4Luxembourg 16.5 11.5 6.3 1.6 7.6 15.4 2.6 26.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3Malta Moldova 24.3 10.0 5.2 4.6 8.0 20.6 0.5 5.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 21.3Monaco Montenegro 18.8 8.3 0.4 0.3 8.6 10.2 1.2 25.1 2.3 0.4 0.0 24.4Netherlands 15.6 3.3 3.8 12.7 13.7 3.3 15.2 NA 0.3 NA 32.1Norway 6.9 14.2 8.5 9.4 8.5 3.8 5.9 24.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4Poland Portugal 9.2 3.5 1.8 2.8 12.6 12.7 NA 19.7 0.0 NA NA 40.1Romania 22.1 1.7 6.5 0.5 17.1 22.7 2.7 4.9 0.1 2.0 0.2 19.5RussianFed. 27.8 13.4 2.1 1.7 6.5 14.3 0.1 25.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 8.5SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 9.6 1.8 2.4 1.7 15.0 24.3 0.4 22.0 0.4 0.6 0.0 21.8SlovakRep. 6.7 4.5 1.5 2.5 13.8 18.8 5.6 11.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 35.0Slovenia 10.0 4.2 2.0 6.9 19.2 22.5 7.5 20.5 0.1 0.7 0.1 6.2Spain(total) 7.8 5.1 3.3 2.4 30.8 3.6 4.0 22.5 0.3 0.0 NA 20.1Spain(StateAdm.) 7.4 5.1 3.2 2.4 31.8 1.8 3.8 23.1 0.4 0.0 NA 21.0Spain(Catalonia) 10.2 5.2 4.3 2.5 24.3 15.0 5.0 19.1 0.0 0.2 NA 14.2Sweden 13.3 10.5 4.9 4.2 10.0 8.2 5.1 20.0 NA NA NA 23.7Switzerland 12.1 4.7 3.9 NA 8.9 24.4 0.1 23.1 NA 0.1 NA 22.7theFYROMacedonia 9.1 3.9 1.3 4.0 23.0 15.3 2.8 17.4 0.3 7.1 0.1 15.7Turkey (18.0) (14.9) (9.0) (1.5) (14.2) (26.1) (5.4) (17.4) (3.5) (1.1) (NA) (NA)Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 9.5 16.0 8.5 7.3 11.3 15.9 1.9 14.4 NA NA NA 15.1UK:North.Ireland 15.8 18.5 4.7 5.6 10.3 9.8 NA 7.3 NA NA NA 28.0UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAverage 15.2 9.3 3.9 3.7 13.2 16.9 4.6 17.4 0.3 0.8 0.0 17.8

Median 13.2 6.6 3.9 2.4 12.6 16.2 3.3 18.7 0.0 0.3 0.0 18.1

Minimum 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 39.4 31.3 9.8 31.3 31.8 44.4 25.0 31.1 3.5 7.1 0.4 40.1



NOTES–TABLES6AND6.1

SeveralfiguresinTable6and6.1arepresentedbetweenbracketsor/andwithadifferentbackgroundcolourbecausetheydonotcorrespondtothecategorisationofthelengthofsentencesusedintheSPACEquestionnaire(i.e.thecategoriesusedaredifferent,ortwoormorecategorieshavebeenmerged).

ARMENIAü Nationalbreakdowndoesnot fit thecategories included in theSPACEIquestionnaireused for

Table6.Figuresareavailableforthefollowingcategoriesofoffences:o crimesagainstlifeandhealth:709;o crimesagainstfreedomanddignity:60;o sexualoffences:89;o crimesagainstfamilyandchildinterest:4;o crimesagainstproperty:1156;o economiccrimes:59;o crimesagainstpublicsafety:62;o crimesagainstpublicorderandmorality:62;o crimesagainstpublichealth:512;o crimesagainstenvironmentalsafety:1;o crimesagainststatesafetyandconstitutionalorder:15;o crimesagainststateservice:16;o crimesagainstgovernmentalorder:26;o crimesagainstjustice:6;o crimesagainstmilitary:72.

AUSTRIAü Becauseofthe legalclassificationintheAustriaCriminal lawandthemodeofregistrationto

theelectronicadministrationprogram,itisnotpossibletoclassifyalltypesofoffenceslistedinTable 6. Therefore the sum of the categories does not reach the total number of sentencedprisoners.Hence,figuresarepresentedbetweenbrackets.

BELGIUMWarning: The types of offences arenot any longer registered for the offenders that committednewcrimes while in conditional release. At the moment of revocation of the conditional release, it isimpossible to provide the accurate type of offence on which the new charges are based. Given thismethodologicallimitation,itisimpossibleaccuratelycategorisealltypesofoffences.BH:REPUBLIKASRPSKA

ü In the categoryHomicide (incl. attempts)are included 115 persons sentenced for crimesagainsthumanityandinternationallaw.

BULGARIAü Themainoffencerule is notdefined.Therefore the sumof the categoriesdoesnot reach the

totalnumberofsentencedprisoners.Hence,figuresarepresentedbetweenbrackets.CROATIADatarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Amongsentencedprisonersarealsoincludedthosewhohavestartedservingprisonsentenceinadvance.Therefore,thepercentagespresentedinTable6.1arecalculatedonthebasisoftheadjustedtotalincludingthoseinmates.

ü Figures include 51 juveniles with educational measures in correctional institutions and 16juvenilesdetainedinjuvenileprison.

CZECHREPUBLICü Themainoffencerule isnotdefined.Thedistributionbymainoffencerule isnotavailableat

PrisonAdministrationbutmaybefoundattheMinistryofJustice.



FINLANDü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:

areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.ü Thetypeofmainoffenceforfinedefaulters(44persons)isnotavailable.Therefore,theyare

notincludedinTable6.ü The 44 fine-defaulters are included under the heading “Other cases” of Table 6.1, as these

personsarepartofthetotalnumberofsentencedinmates.GEORGIAFiguresforthistableareon31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Some inmates are serving sentence for more than one crime. Themain offence rule is notdefined. Therefore the sum of the categories does not reach the total number of sentencedprisoners.Hence,figuresarepresentedbetweenbrackets.

GERMANY

Datarelateto31stMarch2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:

areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.ü The sum of the categories does not reach the total number of sentenced prisoners because

thesetwofigureswereretrivedfromtwodifferentpublicationsoftheStatistischesBundesamtbasedondata acquiredbydifferentmethods reflected in a slight variationbetween the twonumbers.Hence,figuresarepresendetbetweenbrackets.

IRELANDü Homicide:

o Offence group 1: Murder, Manslaughter and Dangerous Driving causing DeathOffences,

o Offence group 3: Attempts/Threats to Murder, Assaults and Related Offences(AttemptedMurder).

ü EconomicandFinancialoffences:o Offencegroup9-Fraud,DeceptionandRelatedOffences.

ü Terrorism:o Offencesfromgroup11-WeaponandExplosivesOffences,ando Offences from group 15 - Offences against Government, Justice Procedures and

OrganisationofCrime.ü OrganisedCrime:

o Offenses from group 15 - Offences against Government, Justice Procedures andOrganisationofCrime.

ü “Other cases”: This category includes charges such as criminal damage, firearms/offensiveweapons,roadtrafficoffencesandarson.

ITALY

ü Assaultandbattery:Underthisheadingareaswellincludedcrimeof"violence"and"violenceagainstapublicofficer/obstructionofapublicofficer"(violenza/resistenzaapubblicoufficiale)aswellas"physicalcoercionagainstonepersonandthreat"(violenzaprivata/minaccia).

ü Economic and financial offences: Include illegitimate competition and bankrupty offences,butnotmoneylaunderingandusury(includedinthecrimeagainstproperty).

ü In the categoryofTerrorism are includedall typesof crimes supplied in theCriminalCodeunderthedenominationof“crimesagainstthepersonalityoftheState”.

ü Organisedcrime: This typeof offence is often associatedwithothermore seriousoffences.Therefore,figurespresentedunderthisheadingareverylikelytobeunderestimated.

LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.LIECHTENSTEIN

ü “Othercases”:OnepersonheldforextraditionLITHUANIA



Datarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ü Assaultandbattery:Includesheavybodilyinjury.ü PercentagesinTable6.1arecalculatedonthebasisoftheadjustedtotalnumberofsentenced

inmates. This figure includes those who did not receive a final sentence but who startedservingtheirterminadvance.ProvisionsofthePenalProcedureCode:

o Sentenced prisoners after having submitted theirwritten consentmay start servingtheir term of imprisonment before the hearing of their case in order of appeal.Therefore, sentenced prisonerswho have submitted an appeal, aswell as prisonerswhosesentenceshadcomeintoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitutionareincludedamongprisonerswithfinalsentence.

THENETHERLANDSü Dataareavailable for thepopulationheld inpenal institutions (seegeneralnotes).The total

numberof inmatesdoesnot include juvenileoffenders,personsheld incustodialclinics,andillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons.

ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.

ü CategoriesofTerrorismandCybercrimecannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics.ü Other cases: Under this heading are included inmates sentenced under other laws and

unknown cases: inmates with unregistered type of crime (e.g. inmates convicted to payfinancial compensations to the victims and who are detained for not having done that, orpeoplewhoareconvictedtoplacementincustodialclinicsunderahospitalorder).

NORWAYü Terrorism,organisedcrimeandcybercrimearenotinthemselvesclassifiedascategoriesof

offencesbutasaggravatingelementsthatmayresultinlongersentences.ü Othercases:Underthisheadingareincluded67finedefaulters(eventhoughnotnecessarily

definedinlawas"sentenced"inmatesnorareattachedtothespecificoffencecategorythathasresultedinthefine).

ü TheinformationofTable6isaboutsentencedprisonersanddetaineeswhohavenotreceivedafinalsentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservingaprisonsentenceinadvance.Finedefaultersareexcludedfromthesefigures.


ü Inthebreakdownofsentencedprisonersareincludedaswell274mentally-illoffenders.SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SERBIA

ü Thenumberofsentenced inmates includesprisonerswhohavenotreceiveda final sentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservingaprisonsentenceinadvance.

SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto2ndSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2015.TURKEY

ü Themainoffencerule is notdefined.Therefore the sumof the categoriesdoesnot reach thetotalnumberofsentencedprisoners.Hence,figuresareoresentedbetweenbrackets.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

Datarelateto30thJune2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ü Homicide:includesmurder,manslaughterand'otherandattemptedhomicide.ü Assaultandbattery:Includesallotherviolenceagainstthepersonoffences.ü Othertypesoftheft:Includesburglary,andtheftandhandlingstolengoodsoffences.ü Economicandfinancialoffences:Includesfraudandforgery.ü Terrorismandorganisedcrime:Figuresarenotrecorded.



ü Othercases:Includesmotoringoffences,otheroffencesandoffencesnotrecorded.ü All items taken from Table A1.4i of OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarter (January-March

2015)AnnualTablesandincluderecalledprisoners.



TABLE7:LENGTHSOFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2015(NUMBERS)

(A)–LESSTHAN1MONTH (H)–FROM10YEARSTOLESSTHAN20YEARS(B)–FROM1MONTHTOLESSTHAN3MONTHS (I)–20YEARSANDOVER(C)–FROM3MONTHSTOLESSTHAN6MONTHS (J)–LIFEIMPRISONMENT(D)–FROM6MONTHSTOLESSTHANONEYEAR (K)–SECURITYMEASURES(E)–FROM1YEARTOLESSTHAN3YEARS (L)–PRISONERSSENTENCEDTODEATH(F)–FROM3YEARSTOLESSTHAN5YEARS (M)–OTHERSENTENCES(G)–FROM5YEARSTOLESSTHAN10YEARS


CountryLessthan1month

1monthtolessthan3months

3monthstolessthan6months

6monthstolessthanoneyear

1yeartolessthan3years

3yearstolessthan5years



20yearsandover

Lifeimprison-ment

Securitymeasures

Deathsentence

Other

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M)Albania 7 19 25 140 249 591 988 396 466 155 0 NAP 0Andorra 0 1 1 1 4 2 1 6 0 0 0 NAP 0Armenia 49 342 696 1279 NA NA 101 NAP NAP NAAustria 23 232 351 611 2062 1147 1086 418 19 110 NAP NAP NAAzerbaijan 2657 9750 5202 1880 272 NA NAP NABelgium [0] [5] [123] [440] [1553] [2374] [2520] [703] [214] [NAP] [NAP] [NAP]BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 6 24 43 80 167 107 154 176 33 NAP NA NAP 0Bulgaria 2157 2218 1060 826 365 336 173 Croatia 0 4 58 239 866 450 439 319 123 0 NAP NAP 0Cyprus 0 12 20 37 87 70 119 100 16 23 0 NAP 0CzechRep. 3 77 529 3330 7186 3278 2898 1347 154 48 56 NAP NAPDenmark 31 113 105 250 635 285 302 222 4 21 49 NAP 24Estonia 2 12 47 145 523 530 552 281 20 41 NAP NAP 0Finland 21 90 119 185 748 468 387 179 1 203 NAP NAP NAPFrance NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 0 0 91 449 2451 1847 2586 1049 92 77 0 NAP 0Germany 873 5098 7307 9887 10231 12498 3518 588 NAP 1883 521 NAP NAPGreece 42 78 133 350 2156 1389 2093 958 NA NAP 91Hungary 41 126 131 978 4842 2334 3253 1078 62 315 162 NAP 0



CountryLessthan1month

1monthtolessthan3months

3monthstolessthan6months

6monthstolessthanoneyear

1yeartolessthan3years




20yearsandover

Lifeimprison-ment

Securitymeasures

Deathsentence Other

Iceland Ireland 10 12 111 266 825 636 689 252 10 345 0 NAP 0Italy 50 95 341 1351 6045 7041 9285 5987 2149 1611 540 NAP 0Latvia 17 36 48 125 642 626 1054 539 6 55 NAP NAP 0Liechtenstein 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1Lithuania 44 155 117 276 1771 1398 1922 1546 13 121 NAP NAP NAPLuxembourg 2 3 6 41 127 52 51 58 30 12 NAP NAP 0Malta Moldova NAP NAP NAP 73 506 1074 2386 1848 186 106 0 NAP 0Monaco Montenegro 31 31 27 196 264 98 59 17 8 0 0 0 3Netherlands 618 481 393 576 1220 497 556 426 40 32 NAP NAP 103Norway 63 258 202 451 828 398 343 188 17 NAP NAP NAP 0Poland Portugal 2 92 207 432 1723 2250 4242 1777 356 NAP 274 NAP 564Romania 0 3 50 476 5323 7783 7492 3995 941 164 NAP NAP 0RussianFed. NA NA NA 11913 100619 124503 195425 86166 6864 1804 NA NAP 0SanMarino 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NAP 0Serbia 0 191 461 788 2174 1598 1525 704 229 NA NA NAP NASlovakRep. 51 105 626 1596 2407 1193 1943 615 163 41 0 NAP 0Slovenia 4 17 77 147 404 183 197 97 15 0 NAP NAP 0Spain(total) 193 72 859 3709 10600 13182 15281 9323 2689 NAP NAP NAP NASpain(StateAdm.) 158 47 760 3330 9475 11341 12865 7800 2440 NAP NAP NAP NASpain(Catalonia) 35 25 99 379 1125 1841 2416 1523 249 NAP 30 NAP 0Sweden 20 228 214 472 1461 751 643 335 26 142 NAP NAP NAPSwitzerland 93 547 540 96 784 625 290 162 NAP 36 145 NAP 355theFYROMacedonia 7 15 83 332 801 763 721 329 5 37 0 NAP 33Turkey 86 1061 1240 2321 15435 25156 35499 30416 16132 7101 NA NAP 1464Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 166 1167 2778 2079 14761 9010 14232 6880 586 7439 4614 NAP 8947UK:North.Ireland 6 9 69 116 254 189 247 128 13 164 NA NAP 0UK:Scotland 48 88 445 607 979 1152 1521 272 1029 NAP NAP 0



NOTES–TABLE7

Some countriesmay have included persons sentenced to securitymeasures (mentally-ill offenders andpersons considered as dangerous offenders) under the category “life imprisonment”, because in suchcases the length of detention/imprisonment is not fixed. However, as a rule, such persons have beenexcludedfromthedistribution,andcountedseparately(seenotestoTable7).

Several figures in Table 7 are presented with a different background colour because they do notcorrespondtothecategorisationofthelengthofsentencesusedintheSPACEquestionnaire(i.e.thelowerorupperlimitsaredifferent,ortwoormorecategorieshavebeenmerged).

Some figures inTable7 arepresentedbetween squarebracketsbecause thevalidationprocedure couldnotbeachieved,thereforethefiguresarenotentirelyreliable,andmustbetakencautiously.

ARMENIA

ü Points(A)(B),(C)and(D):Lessthanoneyear.ü Point(H):From10tolessthan15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).ü Point(I):15yearsandover(insteadof20yearsandover).

AZERBAIJANü Points(A),(B),(C),(D),and(E):Lessthan2years.ü Point(F):2yearstolessthan7years(insteadof3yearstolessthan5years).ü Point(G):7yearstolessthan12years(insteadof5yearstolessthan10years).ü Points(H)and(I):12yearsandover(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).

BELGIUM

Warning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].BULGARIA

ü Points(A),(B),(C)and(D):Itisnotpossibletokeepthesegroupsseparateinthestatistics.Inthatcategoryareincludedallprisonerswithsentencesunderoneyear.

ü Thesumofthecategoriesdoesnotreachthetotalnumberofsentencedprisonersbecausethefirstrelatesto1stJanuary2015andthelatterto1stSteptember2015.

CROATIA

Datarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ü Point(K): Personsunder securitymeasurewithoutany lengthof sentence imposedarenot

managedwithintheprisonsystem.ü InTable7areincludedaswellinmateswhostartedservingprisonsentenceinadvance.Minors

donothaveaspecificlengthofsentencenorthoseundereducationalmeasures;thereforetheyarenotincludedinTable7.

CZECHREPUBLIC

Datarelateto31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ü Points (A)and (B): It is not possible to keep these groups separate in the statistics. In that

categoryareincludedallprisonerswithsentencesunderonemonth.DENMARK

ü Point(M):Underthisheadingareincluded24personssentencedaccordingtoCriminalLawofGreenland(specialmeasuresagainstmentallyillpeopleandparticularlydangerouspeople).

GEORGIAü Thesumofthecategoriesdoesnotreachthetotalnumberofsentencedprisonersbecausethe

firstrelatesto1stSeptember2015whilethelatterto31stAugust2015.GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü Figures about sentenced inmates and figures about the length of emprisonment inGermanywhere taken from two different publications of the Statistisches Bundesamt based on dataacquiredbydifferentmethodsreflectedinaslightvariationbetweenthetwonumbers.



ü Point(D):6monthsto1year(insteadof6monthstolessthan1year).ü Point(E):Morethan1yearto2years(insteadof1yeartolessthan3years).ü Point(F):Morethan2yearsto5years(insteadof3yeartolessthan5years).ü Point(G):Morethan5yearsto10years(insteadof5yearstolessthan10years).ü Point(H):Morethan10yearsto15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).

HUNGARYü Persons subjected to-court ordered psychiatric treatment are not counted as criminally

responsible and are therefore not included in the total number of sentenced prisoners.However.ThesepersonsareincludedonTable7.

GREECE

ü Points(B)and(C):Fromonetolessthan6months.ü Point(E):From1yeartolessthan2years(insteadof1yeartolessthan3years).ü Point(F):From2yearstolessthan5years(insteadof3yeartolessthan5years).ü Point(H):From10yearsto15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).ü Point(I):15yearsandover(insteadof20yearsandover).ü Point(M):Included14prisonersfordebtsand77detaineesawaitingdeportation.

ITALYü Point (K): Persons undergoing security measures are not counted among finally sentenced

inmates.LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.LIECHTENSTEIN

ü Point(M):Onepersonheldporextradition.LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü According to the Penal Procedure Code, sentenced prisoners after having submitted theirwrittenconsentmaystartservingprisonsentencebeforethehearingoftheircaseinorderofappeal. Therefore, sentenced prisoners in appeal, aswell as prisonerswhose sentences hadcomeintoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitutionareincludedintothegeneralnumberofprisonerswhosesentenceisinforceandtheyareservingit.InTable7areincludedadditional332persons.

MONTENEGROü Point(M):Inmateswhichprisonsentenceishigherthan40years.

THENETHERLANDSü Point(M):187inmateswithunknowndurationofprisonsentencesimposed.

NORWAYü Breakdown of prisoners in Table 7 is based on calculated estimates according to length of

sentencesimposed.Theonlyrelevantreportavailableshowsthenumberofseparatesentencesbeingserved.Inmostcasesanewsentencewillbemergedwithapreviousone,butnotalways.FortheSPACEpurpose,thefigureswereadjustedproportionatelytoequalotheritemsofthequestionnaireusedforthissurvey.

ü Point(K):Personssentencedtosecuritymeasures(Forvaring)areincludedinotheritemsofTable7accordingtothelengthofthemainsentence,whichshouldbeequaltotheminimumtimetobeservedasspecifiedinthesentence.

ü Fine defaulters (67) are included in Table 7, but are not considered as final sentencedprisoners.


ü Point(K):274inmatesunder“securitymeasures”(mentally-ill).Theyarenotincludedamongthentotalnumberofsentencedinmates.

RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Totalnumberofprisonersdonoincludejuvenileinmates(1860).



SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.

ü Point(K):PersonssentencedtosecuritymeasuresareincludedinitemsofTable7accordingtothelengthofthemainsentence.

SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)ü Point(K):PersonssentencedtosecuritymeasuresareincludedinitemsofTable7according

tothelengthofthemainsentence.SWEDEN

Datarelateto1stOctober2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.SWITZERLAND

Datarelateto3rdSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ü Point(K):Internedoffendersheldundermeasuresof(in)definiteimprisonment:art.64ofthe

CriminalCode.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

Datarelateto30thJune2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ü Point(K):IncludedpersonsunderIndeterminateSentencesforPublicProtection.ü Point(M):Inthiscategoryareincludedunrecordedsentences(lessthanorequalto6months,

and1-4years),ExtendedDeterminateSentences,recallsandfinedefaulters.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü Sentence length includes both the custodial element and the licence element (i.e. period onprobation).

UK:SCOTLAND

ü Detailcurrentlyonlyavailableforthefollowingsentencebands:- Lessthan1month:48;- 1tolessthan3months:88;- 3tolessthan6months:445;- 6tolessthan1year:607;- 1tolessthan2years:979;- 2tolessthan4years:1152;- 4tolessthan10years:1521;- 10yearsandover:272;- Lifesentence:1029(includeslifersrecalledfromlicence);



TABLE7.1:LENGTHSOFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2015(PERCENTAGES)

(A)–LESSTHAN1MONTH (F)–FROM3YEARSTOLESSTHAN5YEARS (K)–SECURITYMEASURESOFINDETERMINATELENGTH(B)–FROM1MONTHTOLESSTHAN3MONTHS (G)–FROM5YEARSTOLESSTHAN10YEARS (L)–PRISONERSSENTENCEDTODEATH(C)–FROM3MONTHSTOLESSTHAN6MONTHS (H)–FROM10YEARSTOLESSTHAN20YEARS (M)–OTHERSENTENCES(D)–FROM6MONTHSTOLESSTHANONEYEAR (I)–20YEARSANDOVER Total(E)–FROM1YEARTOLESSTHAN3YEARS (J)–LIFEIMPRISONMENT


Country (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M) Total

Albania 0.2 0.6 0.8 4.6 8.2 19.5 32.5 13.0 15.3 5.1 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Andorra 0.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 25.0 12.5 6.3 37.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Armenia 1.7 12.0 24.4 44.9 12.6 0.8 3.5 NA NAP NA 100.0Austria 0.4 3.8 5.8 10.1 34.0 18.9 17.9 6.9 0.3 1.8 NA NAP NA 100.0Azerbaijan 13.4 49.3 26.3 9.5 1.4 NAP NAP NA 100.0Belgium [0.0] [0.1] [1.4] [5.1] [18.2] [27.8] [29.5] [8.2] [2.5] [NAP] [NAP] [NAP] [92.8]BH:BiH(st.lvel) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 0.8 3.0 5.4 10.1 21.1 13.5 19.5 22.3 4.2 NA NA NAP 0.0 100.0Bulgaria 31.1 32.0 15.3 11.9 5.3 4.8 2.5 NA NAP 0.5 103.4Croatia 0.0 0.2 2.3 9.4 34.0 17.7 17.2 12.5 4.8 0.0 NA NAP 0.0 98.0Cyprus 0.0 2.5 4.1 7.6 18.0 14.5 24.6 20.7 3.3 4.8 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0CzechRep. 0.0 0.4 2.8 17.6 38.0 17.3 15.3 7.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 NAP NAP 100.0Denmark 1.5 5.5 5.1 12.2 31.1 14.0 14.8 10.9 0.2 1.0 2.4 NAP 1.2 100.0Estonia 0.1 0.6 2.2 6.7 24.3 24.6 25.6 13.1 0.9 1.9 NA NAP 0.0 100.0Finland 0.9 3.7 5.0 7.7 31.2 19.5 16.1 7.5 0.0 8.5 NA NAP NA 100.0France NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 0.0 0.0 1.0 5.1 27.8 20.9 29.3 11.9 1.0 0.9 0.0 NAP 0.0 97.9Germany 1.7 10.0 14.3 19.4 20.1 24.5 6.9 1.2 NA 3.7 1.0 NAP NA 102.9Greece 0.6 1.1 1.8 4.8 29.6 19.1 28.7 13.1 NA NAP 1.2 100.0Hungary [0.3] [0.9] [1.0] [7.4] [36.4] [17.6] [24.5] [8.1] [0.5] [2.4] [1.2] [NAP] [0.0] [100.2]Iceland Ireland 0.3 0.4 3.5 8.4 26.1 20.2 21.8 8.0 0.3 10.9 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Italy 0.1 0.3 1.0 4.0 17.8 20.7 27.3 17.6 6.3 4.7 1.6 NAP 0.0 101.6Latvia 0.5 1.1 1.5 4.0 20.4 19.9 33.5 17.1 0.2 1.7 NA NAP 0.0 100.0Liechtenstein 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 25.0 100.0Lithuania 0.6 2.2 1.7 3.9 25.2 19.9 27.3 22.0 0.2 1.7 NA NAP NA 104.7Luxembourg 0.5 0.8 1.6 10.7 33.2 13.6 13.4 15.2 7.9 3.1 NA NAP 0.0 100.0Malta Moldova NAP NAP NAP 1.2 8.2 17.4 38.6 29.9 3.0 1.7 NA NAP 0.0 100.0Monaco Montenegro 4.2 4.2 3.7 26.7 36.0 13.4 8.0 2.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.4 100.0Netherlands 12.5 9.7 8.0 11.7 24.7 10.1 11.3 8.6 0.8 0.6 NA NAP 2.1 100.0Norway 2.3 9.6 7.5 16.8 30.9 14.8 12.8 7.0 0.6 NA NA NAP 0.0 102.5Poland Portugal 0.0 0.8 1.8 3.7 14.8 19.3 36.4 15.3 3.1 NA 2.4 NAP 4.8 102.4Romania 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.8 20.3 29.7 28.6 15.2 3.6 0.6 NA NAP 0.0 100.0RussianFed. NA NA NA 2.3 19.1 23.6 37.0 16.3 1.3 0.3 NA NAP 0.0 100.0SanMarino 0.0 2.5 6.0 10.3 28.3 20.8 19.9 9.2 3.0 NA NA NAP NA 100.0Serbia 0.6 1.2 7.2 18.3 27.5 13.6 22.2 7.0 1.9 0.5 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0SlovakRep. 0.4 1.5 6.7 12.9 35.4 16.0 17.3 8.5 1.3 0.0 NA NAP 0.0 100.0Slovenia 0.3 0.1 1.5 6.6 19.0 23.6 27.3 16.7 4.8 NA NA NAP NA 100.0Spain(total) 0.3 0.1 1.6 6.9 19.7 23.5 26.7 16.2 5.1 NA NA NAP NA 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 0.5 0.3 1.3 4.9 14.6 23.8 31.3 19.7 3.2 NA 0.4 NAP 0.0 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 0.5 5.3 5.0 11.0 34.0 17.5 15.0 7.8 0.6 3.3 NA NAP NA 100.0Sweden 2.5 14.9 14.7 2.6 21.3 17.0 7.9 4.4 NA 1.0 3.9 NAP 9.7 100.0Switzerland 0.2 0.5 2.7 10.6 25.6 24.4 23.1 10.5 0.2 1.2 0.0 NAP 1.1 100.0theFYROMacedonia 0.1 0.8 0.9 1.7 11.4 18.5 26.1 22.4 11.9 5.2 NA NAP 1.1 100.0Turkey 0.0 2.5 6.0 10.3 28.3 20.8 19.9 9.2 3.0 NA NA NAP NA 99.6Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 0.2 1.6 3.8 2.9 20.3 12.4 19.6 9.5 9.5 0.8 10.2 6.4 NAP 100.0UK:North.Ireland 0.5 0.8 5.8 9.7 21.3 15.8 20.7 10.7 10.7 1.1 13.7 NA NAP 100.0UK:Scotland 0.8 1.4 7.2 9.9 15.9 18.8 24.8 4.4 16.8 NA NAP 0.0 100.0Average 0.9 2.6 4.1 9.0 24.2 18.1 21.9 12.5 2.5 3.3 1.1 1.9

Median 0.3 1.1 3.5 7.7 24.7 18.5 22.2 10.7 1.1 1.7 0.1 0.0

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 8.2 0.0 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 12.5 14.9 14.7 26.7 38.0 29.7 38.6 37.5 15.3 16.8 6.4 25.0



TABLE7.2:LENGTHSOFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2015(CUMULATIVEPERCENTAGES)


CountryLessthan

1year

1year

andover

(fixed-

term

sentence)

3years

andover

(fixed-

term

sentence)

5years

andover

(fixed-

term

sentence)

10years

andover

(fixed-

term

sentence)

Total

fixed-

term

sentences

Life

imprisonment

Other&

security

measures

Total

Albania 6.3 88.6 80.4 60.9 28.4 94.9 5.1 0.0 100.0Andorra 18.8 81.3 56.3 43.8 37.5 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Armenia 1.7 94.7 82.7 58.3 13.4 96.5 3.5 0.0 100.0Austria 20.1 78.1 44.1 25.1 7.2 98.2 1.8 0.0 100.0Azerbaijan 13.4 85.2 85.2 35.8 9.5 98.6 1.4 0.0 100.0Belgium [6.6] [83.6] [65.5] [37.7] [8.2] [90.3] [2.5] [0.0] [92.8]BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 19.4 80.6 59.5 45.9 26.5 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Bulgaria 31.1 69.3 37.3 22.0 10.1 100.4 2.5 0.5 103.4Croatia 11.8 86.2 52.2 34.6 17.3 98.0 0.0 0.0 98.0Cyprus 14.3 81.0 63.0 48.6 24.0 95.2 4.8 0.0 100.0CzechRep. 20.8 78.6 40.6 23.3 7.9 99.4 0.3 0.3 100.0Denmark 24.4 70.9 39.8 25.9 11.1 95.4 1.0 3.6 100.0Estonia 9.6 88.5 64.2 39.6 14.0 98.1 1.9 0.0 100.0Finland 17.3 74.3 43.1 23.6 7.5 91.5 8.5 0.0 100.0France NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 6.1 90.9 63.2 42.2 12.9 97.0 0.9 0.0 97.9Germany 45.5 52.7 32.6 8.1 1.2 98.1 3.7 1.0 102.9Greece 1.6 84.0 82.1 77.3 47.8 85.6 13.1 1.2 100.0Hungary 9.6 87.0 50.6 33.0 8.6 96.6 2.4 1.2 100.2Iceland Ireland 12.6 76.4 50.3 30.1 8.3 89.1 10.9 0.0 100.0Italy 5.4 89.8 72.0 51.3 24.0 95.3 4.7 1.6 101.6Latvia 7.2 91.1 70.7 50.8 17.3 98.3 1.7 0.0 100.0Liechtenstein 25.0 50.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 25.0 100.0Lithuania 8.4 94.6 69.4 49.5 22.2 103.0 1.7 0.0 104.7Luxembourg 13.6 83.2 50.0 36.4 23.0 96.9 3.1 0.0 100.0Malta Moldova 1.2 97.1 88.9 71.5 32.9 98.3 1.7 0.0 100.0Monaco Montenegro 38.8 60.8 24.8 11.4 3.4 99.6 0.0 0.4 100.0Netherlands 41.8 55.4 30.7 20.7 9.4 97.3 0.6 2.1 100.0Norway 36.3 66.2 35.3 20.4 7.6 102.5 NAP 0.0 102.5Poland Portugal 6.3 88.9 74.1 54.7 18.3 95.2 NAP 7.2 102.4Romania 2.0 97.4 77.1 47.4 18.8 99.4 0.6 0.0 100.0RussianFed. 2.3 97.4 78.3 54.7 17.6 99.6 0.3 0.0 100.0SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 0.0Serbia 18.8 81.2 52.9 32.0 12.2 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0SlovakRep. 27.2 72.3 44.8 31.1 8.9 99.5 0.5 0.0 100.0Slovenia 21.5 78.5 43.1 27.1 9.8 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Spain(total) 8.6 91.4 72.4 48.8 21.5 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 8.9 91.1 71.5 47.9 21.3 100.1 NAP 0.0 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 7.0 92.6 78.1 54.2 22.9 99.6 NAP 0.4 100.0Sweden 21.8 74.9 40.9 23.4 8.4 96.7 3.3 0.0 100.0Switzerland 34.7 50.7 29.3 12.3 4.4 85.4 1.0 13.6 100.0theFYROMacedonia 14.0 83.8 58.2 33.7 10.7 97.8 1.2 1.1 100.0Turkey 3.5 90.2 78.9 60.4 34.2 93.7 5.2 1.1 100.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 8.5 62.6 42.3 29.9 10.3 71.1 10.2 18.7 100.0UK:North.Ireland 16.7 69.5 48.3 32.5 11.8 86.3 13.7 0.0 100.0UK:Scotland 19.3 63.9 48.0 29.2 4.4 83.2 16.8 0.0 100.0Average 15.5 77.6 55.1 36.9 14.9 93.1 3.5 2.0

Median 13.5 81.2 52.5 34.2 11.4 97.5 1.8 0.0

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 45.5 97.4 88.9 77.3 47.8 103.0 16.8 25.0



TABLE7.3:LENGTHSOFLESSTHANONEYEAROFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2015(PERCENTAGES)


CountryLessthan

1month

1monthtoless

than3months

3monthsto

lessthan

6months

6monthsto

lessthan1year

Totalless

than1year

Albania 3.7 9.9 13.1 73.3 100.0Andorra 0.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 100.0Armenia Austria 1.9 19.1 28.8 50.2 100.0Azerbaijan Belgium 0.0 0.9 21.7 77.5 100.0BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 3.9 15.7 28.1 52.3 100.0Bulgaria 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Croatia 0.0 1.3 19.3 79.4 100.0Cyprus 0.0 17.4 29.0 53.6 100.0CzechRep. 0.1 2.0 13.4 84.5 100.0Denmark 6.2 22.6 21.0 50.1 100.0Estonia 1.0 5.8 22.8 70.4 100.0Finland 5.1 21.7 28.7 44.6 100.0France NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 0.0 0.0 16.9 83.1 100.0Germany 3.8 22.0 31.5 42.7 100.0Greece 35.0 0.0 0.0 65.0 100.0Hungary 3.2 9.9 10.3 76.6 100.0Iceland Ireland 2.5 3.0 27.8 66.7 100.0Italy 2.7 5.2 18.6 73.5 100.0Latvia 7.5 15.9 21.2 55.3 100.0Liechtenstein 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0Lithuania 7.4 26.2 19.8 46.6 100.0Luxembourg 3.8 5.8 11.5 78.8 100.0Malta Moldova NAP NAP NAP 100.0 100.0Monaco Montenegro 10.9 10.9 9.5 68.8 100.0Netherlands 29.9 23.3 19.0 27.9 100.0Norway 6.5 26.5 20.7 46.3 100.0Poland Portugal 0.3 12.6 28.2 58.9 100.0Romania 0.0 0.6 9.5 90.0 100.0RussianFed. NA NA NA NA NASanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 0.0 13.3 32.0 54.7 100.0SlovakRep. 2.1 4.4 26.3 67.1 100.0Slovenia 1.6 6.9 31.4 60.0 100.0Spain(total) 4.0 1.5 17.8 76.7 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 3.7 1.1 17.7 77.5 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 6.5 4.6 18.4 70.4 100.0Sweden 2.1 24.4 22.9 50.5 100.0Switzerland 7.3 42.9 42.3 7.5 100.0theFYROMacedonia 1.6 3.4 19.0 76.0 100.0Turkey 1.8 22.5 26.3 49.3 100.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 2.7 18.9 44.9 33.6 100.0UK:North.Ireland 3.0 4.5 34.5 58.0 100.0UK:Scotland 4.0 7.4 37.5 51.1 100.0Average 8.9 11.1 20.4 59.2

Median 2.7 7.2 20.9 59.5

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 100.0 42.9 44.9 100.0



NOTES–TABLES7.1,7.2,AND7.3

SeenotestoTables5and7.

Allmergedcategories(e.g.categories(a)and(b)orother)wereexcludedfromthecalculationofaverage,median,minimumandmaximumindicatorsattheEuropeanlevel.

ForArmeniaandAzerbaijanwerenotincludedbecausethereisnobreakdownofsentencesoflessthan1year.Therefore,thesetwocountrieswereexcludedfromthecalculationofaverage,median,minimumandmaximumindicatorsattheEuropeanlevel.

FIGURE3:COUNTRIESWITHHIGHESTPERCENTAGESOFPRISONERSSENTENCEDTOLESSTHANONEYEAR

Figure3providesaclassificationofthecountrieswiththehighestpercentagesofprisonersservingshortprison sentences (less than one year). This Figure includes 22 countries where the percentages ofprisonerssentencedtolessthan1yearwereabovetheEuropeanmedianvalue(13.5%).

Between2009and2013theevolutionoftheEuropeanmedianfollowedthecurvilineartrend:17.1%in2009,16.4%in2010,18.6%in2011,14.9%in2012,13.3%in2013,15.2%in2014,and13.5%in2015.

Formoreaccuratecomparisons,notestoTable7shouldbetakenintoaccount.

13.6

14.0

14.3 16.7

17.3

18.8

18.8

19.3

19.4

20.1

20.8

21.5

21.8 24.4

25.0

27.2 31.1 34.7

36.3 38.8 41.8

45.5

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 %

Luxembo

urg

theFYRO

Macedon

ia

Cyprus

UK:North.Ireland

Finland

Ando

rra

Serbia

UK:Scotla

nd

BH:R

ep.Srpska

Austria

CzechRe

p.

Slovenia

Sweden

Denm

ark

Liechtenstein

SlovakRep.

Bulgaria

Switzerland

Norway

Mon

tenegro

Netherla

nds

Germ

any

EuropeanAverage:15.5EuropeanMedian:13.5



ii. Prison Movements during 2014



TABLE8:FLOWOFENTRIESTOPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2014


CountryTotalnumberofentriesin2014

Rateofentriestopenal

institutionsper100000

inhabitants

EntriesbeforefinalsentenceEntriesaftertherevocation,

suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation

Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry(TOTAL)

EntriesfollowingtransferfromaMemberStateoftheEU

Number %inthetotalnumberofentries Number %inthetotal

numberofentries Number %inthetotalnumberofentries Number

%inthenumberofentries

followingtransferfromaforeign

countryAlbania 6444 223.3 5092 79.0 221 3.4 173 2.7 75 43.4Andorra 63 80.8 36 57.1 3 4.8 2 3.2 2 100.0Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 NA 0 0.0Austria 11487 132.0 8349 72.7 NA NA NA NA NAP NAPAzerbaijan 9841 101.4 9776 99.3 NA NA 65 0.7 0 0.0Belgium 19315 171.1 11701 60.6 NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1744 123.2 345 19.8 1 0.1 11 0.6 4 36.4Bulgaria 5349 74.8 1864 34.8 NA NA 128 2.4 NA NACroatia 9187 219.2 NA NA NA NA 31 0.3 6 19.4Cyprus 2256 265.9 1115 49.4 NAP NAP 1 0.0 1 100.0CzechRep. 10644 100.9 4948 46.5 NA NA 131 1.2 NA NADenmark 12552 219.2 NA NA 49 0.4 NA NA NA NAEstonia 1764 134.0 1092 61.9 256 14.5 7 0.4 4 57.1Finland 5749 104.8 1980 34.4 NA NA 23 0.4 20 87.0France NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 8875 NA NA 40 0.5 27 0.3 7 25.9Germany 94607 115.1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 12038 111.5 4298 35.7 56 0.5 10 0.1 3 30.0Hungary 30744 312.7 9529 31.0 NA NA NA NA NA NAIceland Ireland 16409 352.2 3532 21.5 NA NA 3 0.0 3 100.0Italy 50217 82.8 42099 83.8 NA NA NA NA NA NALatvia 12522 636.0 8065 64.4 4453 35.6 4 0.0 3 75.0Liechtenstein 53 140.8 48 90.6 1 1.9 4 7.5 3 75.0Lithuania 8464 293.0 65.1 NA NA 37 0.4 27 73.0Luxembourg 950 164.9 675 71.1 19 2.0 2 0.2 2 100.0Malta Moldova 10767 303.0 4241 39.4 6526 60.6 66 0.6 3 4.5Monaco



CountryTotalnumberofentriesin2014

Rateofentriestopenal

institutionsper100000

inhabitants

EntriesbeforefinalsentenceEntriesaftertherevocation,

suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation

Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry(TOTAL)

EntriesfollowingtransferfromaMemberStateoftheEU

Number %inthetotalnumberofentries Number %inthetotal

numberofentries Number %inthetotalnumberofentries Number

%inthenumberofentries

followingtransferfromaforeign

countryMontenegro 2388 383.8 644 27.0 0 0.0 66 2.8 16 24.2Netherlands 42823 252.2 14054 32.8 NA NA 153 0.4 NA NANorway 8926 171.2 3640 40.8 NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0Poland Portugal 5415 52.4 2332 43.1 NA NA NAP NAP NAP NAPRomania 12543 63.5 1263 10.1 NAP NAP 1260 10.0 1209 96.0RussianFed. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASanMarino 19 57.6 11 57.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Serbia 23250 328.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASlovakRep. 8996 165.8 3202 35.6 NA NA 117 1.3 NA NASlovenia 3434 166.4 841 24.5 NA NA 7 0.2 5 71.4Spain(total) 45568 98.1 NA NA NA NA 159 0.3 48 30.2Spain(StateAdm.) 39521 101.2 NA NA NA NA 159 0.4 48 30.2Spain(Catalonia) 6047 81.7 2915 48.2 61 1.0 NA NA NA NASweden 38721 393.1 29778 76.9 NA NA 109 0.3 19 17.4Switzerland 52502 630.6 15538 29.6 NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 3156 152.4 104 3.3 4 0.1 15 0.5 15 100.0Turkey 184899 234.8 53213 28.8 15517 8.4 NA NA NA NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 121385 208.8 54913 45.2 17493 14.4 NA NA NA NAUK:North.Ireland 4033 218.3 2978 73.8 NA NA NA NA NA NAUK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAverage 204.0 48.5 8.7 1.3 52.6

Median 166.4 45.2 1.9 0.4 43.4

Minimum 52.4 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 636.0 99.3 60.6 10.0 100.0



NOTES–TABLE8

CROATIADatarelatestoto31stDecember2015.CYPRUS

ü Totalnumberofentriesinpenalinstitutionsin2014was10877,ofwhich2256wereentriesinprisoninstitutionand8621wereentriesinpolicestations.

ü IntheTable8allfiguresrefertoentriesinthepenalinstitutiononly(enteriesinpolicestationsareexcluded).

CZECHREPUBLICü Entries following transfer from a foreign country: The Prison Service of the Czech Republic

providesescortsofinmatesfromforeigncountries.Moreover,someescortswereprovidedfromtheborders(crossborderescorts)buttherearenofiguresavailableonthistypeoftransfers.

ü Othertransferswereprovidedbythepolice.Yet, thePrisonServicedoesnotkeepanyspecificdataaboutsuchtransfers.ThedatamaybeavailableattheMinistryofInteriororattheMinistryofForeignAffairs.

FINLANDü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Includesallthepersonswhohavebeenbrought

fromabroadtoaFinnishprison.Thisnumberincludesthefollowing:• Personswho entered Finnish prison on the basis of extradition (13): the personwas

apprehended abroad on the basis of the Nordic (NAW) or European (EAW) orinternational arrestwarrant issuedby theFinnishprosecutor (on thebasis of theon-going criminal procedure) or issued by the Criminal Sanctions Agency (in order toenforcetheprisonsentenceinFinland),and

• Persons who are transferred as prisoners (10): the enforcement of the sentence hasbeendecidedtotakeoverfromanothercountryintoFinland.

THENETHERLANDSü Entries included in Table 8 are only entries in penal institutions. Entries in custodial clinics,

institutionsfor juvenilesandinstitutionsforaliensareexcluded.Inthetotalnumberofentriesareincludedentriesfromfreesocietyandthosefrompolicestationsintopenalinstitutions.

ü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:TheseareinmateswhowereconvictedoutsidetheNetherlands,buttheycanservetheirsentenceintheNetherlands.Suchprocedures,basedonaspecial law(WOTS),make the transferenceof theexecutionof criminal judgementspossible.Theseprisonersdonothave tobeborn in theNetherlands,but there shouldbe some formofbond/tie with the Netherlands (e.g. because of having the Dutch nationality and living andworkingthere).Sincethe1stNovember2012anewlaw(WETS)isinforce,whichregulatesthispossibilitytoo,butonlyforEuropeancountries.

NORWAYü Entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation:

Nearly all revocations are combined with a new sentence. Therefore no separate figures areavailableforthiscategoryofentries.

SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SWEDEN

ü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Refersonlytoclientswhohavestartedservingthesentenceinthesentencingcountry.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Entriesaftertherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation: Thenewrecordingsystemdoesnotallowanylongerisolatingrecallreceptions.

ü Numberof entries before final sentence: taken from Offender Management Statistics Quarterly(October-December2014)Annualreceptionstables.Referstoremand(untried)firstreceptionsplusremand(convictedunsentenced).



ü Number of entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release orprobation:IstakenfromTable5.1OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(October-December2014)andreferstoprisonersrecalledtoprisonafterbeingoutonlicence.

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentence:Refers to thenumberofentriesonremand,onlycounts

newcommittalsintoprisonnotchangesofcustodialstatuswhilstincustody.



TABLE9:FLOWOFRELEASESFROMPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2014


Country

Totalnumberofreleasesin2014(A)

Rateofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants

Pre-trialdetaineesreleasedFinalsentencedprisoners

released

Ofwhich

Other

Releasesasaresultofareleaseundercondition(incl.

conditionalreleaseandexternalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringor

Probation)

Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence

Otherreleasesoffinalsentencedprisoners

Number(B)

%inthetotalnumberofreleases

Number(C)


Number(C.1)

%inthetotalnumberoffinal

sentencedprisonersreleased

Number(C.2)



Number(C.3)



Number(D)


Albania 4474 155.0 3013 67.3 1461 32.7 357 24.4 1104 75.6 0 0.0 0 0.0Andorra 49 62.8 9 18.4 40 81.6 17 42.5 23 57.5 0 0.0 0 0.0Armenia 1464 48.8 484 33.1 935 63.9 184 19.7 698 74.7 53 5.7 45 3.1Austria 11609 133.4 3102 26.7 8042 69.3 2821 35.1 3713 46.2 1508 18.8 465 4.0Azerbaijan 6056 62.4 1063 17.6 4773 78.8 1781 37.3 2631 55.1 361 7.6 220 3.6Belgium 19995 177 7609 38 10738 54 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1648 8.2BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1791 126.5 316 17.6 1475 82.4 339 23.0 1133 76.8 3 0.2 0 0.0Bulgaria 6241 87.2 593 9.5 5648 90.5 942 16.7 4706 83.3 NA NA NA NACroatia 9090 216.9 3131 34.4 2609 28.7 1769 67.8 723 27.7 117 4.5 3350 36.9Cyprus 1688 199.0 541 32.0 1147 68.0 736 64.2 408 35.6 3 0.3 0 0.0CzechRep. 8378 79.4 1351 16.1 6342 75.7 2326 36.7 4016 63.3 NAP NAP 685 8.2Denmark NA NA NA NA 8162 NA 3591 44.0 4571 56.0 0 0.0 27 NAEstonia 2083 158.3 317 15.2 1766 84.8 422 23.9 1320 74.7 24 1.4 0 0.0Finland 5791 105.5 1098 19.0 4598 79.4 3352 72.9 1243 27.0 3 0.1 95 1.6France NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 7676 NA NA 4654 60.6 895 19.2 2637 56.7 1122 24.1 3022 39.4Germany NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 9412 87.2 2621 27.8 6791 72.2 1589 23.4 NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 23783 241.9 4556 19.2 9018 37.9 3495 38.8 5268 58.4 255 2.8 10209 42.9Iceland Ireland 16914 363.1 3669 21.7 13245 78.3 NA NA NA NA NAP NAP NAP NAPItaly 65452 107.9 26922 41.1 37970 58.0 13550 35.7 24420 64.3 NA NA 560 0.9Latvia 3557 180.7 1302 36.6 2247 63.2 425 18.9 1805 80.3 17 0.8 8 0.2Liechtenstein 41 109.0 3 7.3 38 92.7 1 2.6 7 18.4 30 78.9 0 0.0Lithuania NA NA NA NA 5367 NA 1020 19.0 4316 80.4 31 0.6 35 NALuxembourg 920 159.7 508 55.2 381 41.4 139 36.5 214 56.2 28 7.3 31 3.4



Country

Totalnumberofreleasesin2014(A)

Rateofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants

Pre-trialdetaineesreleasedFinalsentencedprisoners

released

Ofwhich

Other

Releasesasaresultofareleaseundercondition(incl.

conditionalreleaseandexternalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringor

Probation)

Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence

Otherreleasesoffinalsentencedprisoners

Number(B)


Number(C)


Number(C.1)



Number(C.2)



Number(C.3)



Number(D)


Malta Moldova 3901 109.8 1264 32 2637 68 271 10 1025 39 1341 51 NA NAMonaco Montenegro 2230 358.4 609 27.3 1617 72.5 600 37.1 986 61.0 31 1.9 4 0.2Netherlands 43461 256.0 8944 20.6 33081 76.1 719 2.2 32362 97.8 NAP NAP 1436 3.3Norway 8933 171.3 1633 18.3 6669 74.7 2399 36.0 3355 50.3 915 13.7 631 7.1Poland Portugal 5696 55.1 1174 20.6 4522 79.4 1695 37.5 2361 52.2 466 10.3 0 0.0Romania 15808 80.0 1387 8.8 14290 90.4 10937 76.5 967 6.8 2386 16.7 131 0.8RussianFed. 275772 52426 19.0 223346 81.0 52899 23.7 162985 73.0 7462 3.3 NA NASanMarino 16 48.5 9 56.3 7 43.8 2 28.6 5 71.4 0 0.0 0 0.0Serbia 23036 325.5 6944 30.1 16007 69.5 1230 7.7 13456 84.1 1321 8.3 85 0.4SlovakRep. 6875 126.7 1154 16.8 5721 83.2 2119 37.0 3533 61.8 69 1.2 0 0.0Slovenia 3366 163.1 849 25.2 1029 30.6 25 2.4 326 31.7 678 65.9 1488 44.2Spain(total) 41340 89.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(StateAdm.) 35261 90.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(Catalonia) 6079 82.2 1753 28.8 4326 71.2 1222 28.2 2743 63.4 361 8.3 NA NASweden NA NA NA NA 8848 NA 6890 77.9 1958 22.1 NAP NAP 102 NASwitzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 3170 153.0 779 24.6 2388 75.3 371 15.5 360 15.1 1657 69.4 3 0.1Turkey 168576 214.1 46703 27.7 121873 72.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA NA NA 73440 NA 35000 47.7 38440 52.3 0 0.0 0 NAUK:North.Ireland 4137 224.0 2034 49.2 1977 47.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA 126 3.0UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAverage 154.4 27.4 63.9 32.5 55.7 13.4 7.3Median 153.0 25.2 71.7 31.8 57.5 3.9 0.9Minimum 48.5 7.3 0.0 2.2 6.8 0.0 0.0Maximum 363.1 67.3 92.7 77.9 97.8 78.9 44.2



NOTES–TABLE9

ARMENIAü Point(C.3):Areincluded13individualpardons,40personsreleasedunderamnestydecision,

21personsreleasedinordertoexecutepublicworks.ü Point(D):Are included38deaths (ofwhich4 forhealth reasons),1publicworkand2 fine

defaulters.BELGIUM

ü Point(C.1):TheexternalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringisnotconsideredinBelgiumasareleasebutasacontinueddetentionunderaparticularregime.

ü Point(D):Inthe1648releases,areincluded:o Releasesof“internees”(seepoint(5)ofTable1.1,andnotestothetable);o Illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons(seepoint(6)ofTable1.1);o PersonsplacedatthedisposaloftheCourtsofenforcementofsentences(seeTable5.2);o JuvenilesheldintheFederalCentreforjuvenileoffenders(seepoint(2)ofTable1.1);o Personsunderarrest;o Personsundertemporarysuspendedconditionalreleaseorprobation(withoutrevocation);o Inmateswithtemporarylegalstatusduetoatransferfromaforeigncountry.

ü Point (D-ADD): Deaths, escapes or other forms of releases when inmates are considered tocontinueservingtheirsentences(e.g.non-returnsfrompenitentiaryleave)arenotincludedinthe total number of releases. These events are not considered as “releases” while Belgianinternalcountingrulesareapplied.

BH:REPUBLIKASRPSKAü Point (C.3): Includes 3 prisonerswho died: 1 suicide in correctional facility, 1murder of a

convictedduringaweekendleave,and1naturaldeathduringhospitaltreatmentoutsidethecorrectionalinstitution.

CROATIAü Point(D):Underthisheadingareincluded11deaths,68releasesofjuvenileswitheducational

measures, and 3 271 releases of persons sentenced for minor offenses (data refers to 31stDecember2015).

CYPRUSü InTable9areincludedonlyreleasesfromprisonwithoutreleasesfrompolicestations.

CZECHREPUBLICü Point (A): Includes 567 prisoners (pre-trial and sentenced) released on the basis of

PresidentialAmnestyof2013.ü Point(D):Categoriesofreleasesarethesameforpre-trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners:

deaths, releasesrelated tohealthreasons, transfers topsychiatrichospitalnotrunbyPrisonService,alltypesofextraditiontoforeigncountries.

DENMARKü Point(D):23pardonsand4deaths(ofwhich2suicides).

ESTONIAü Point(C.3):Includes9prisonerswhodiedbecauseofincurablediseases,2prisonersreleased

following an Amnesty, 10 inmates who where deported, 2 under psychiatric coercivetreatmentand1other.

FINLANDü Point (C.2): 1 243 releases included in this category, of which 1 215 (98%) were fine

defaulters.ü Point(C.3):Includes3prisonerswhohadservedtheremainingsentencedordered.ü Point (D): Including deaths (12), transfers and expulsions to other countries (79), other

reasons(4).ü NB: According to the Finnish legislation fine defaulters must serve their whole sentence in

prisonwithoutapossibilitytobeconditionallyreleased.



GEORGIA

ü Point(C.1):Included inmatesconditionallyreleasedaccordingto thedecisionof localparoleboards.

ü Point (C.3): Includes 70 commutations of sentence to a less severe one, 554 pardons, 421conditionalreleases,17amnesties,26compassionatereleases,27deathsand7defermentofsentence.

ü Point(D):Otherformsofreleasesasbail,terminationofproceedings,extradition.IRELAND

ü Point (B): 1 601 bail releases and 1 893 releases by court decision and 175 relases fromjuveniledetentionfacilities.

ITALYü Point(D):Releasesofthepersonsunder"securitymeasures".

LATVIAü Point(C.3):Underthisheadingareincludedthereleasesduetocommutationofsentenceand

duetotheapplicationoftheamnesty.ü Point (D): Includes releases due to health reasons (including transfers to public hospitals,

whichresultintotalsuspensionofthecustodialsentence).LIECHTENSTEIN

ü Point (C.3): Includes 23 inmates released under the law of UAG, 4 persons released by the“Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe”,and3extraditions.

LITHUANIAü Point(C.3):Othertypesofreleasesforsentencedprisoners:

ü Dischargefromsentenceduetoillness(6);ü Re-sentencingaftertheprocedureofappeal(8);ü Re-sentencingaftertheprocedureofcassation(5);ü Individualpardons(6);ü Suspendedsentencesforjuveniles,art.92ofCriminalCode(6).

ü Point(D):Included35deaths.LUXEMBOURG

ü Point(C.3):Includesreleasesduetodivisononprisonsentenceintoinstalmentsand2relasesafterthepaymentofthefine.

ü Point (D): Includes 18 extraditions, 2 transfers, 8 juvenile offenders, 1 relase for healthreasons,1deathand1prescriptiononthesentence.

THENETHERLANDSü ReleasesincludedinTable9areonlyreleasesfrompenalinstitutions.Releasesfromcustodial

clinics,institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforaliensarenotincluded.ü Point (C.1): Leaves under Electronic Monitoring are not considered as “releases” in Dutch

system. In 2014 therewere 1 013 persons released early, ofwhich 719 of them left prisonwithoutspecialconditions.

ü Point(D):Unknownwhetherreleasedasapre-trialorasentencedprisoner.NORWAY

ü Point(C.3):Referstofinedefaulters.ü Point(D):Includes5inmateswhodiedinprisonand5outsideofit,57transferstocomplete

their sentence in their home country, 376 expelled, 28 expelled on petition from the homecountryand160escapes/evasions.

ROMANIAü Point(D):Areincludeddeaths,pardons,releasesasresultofbreakinsentenceenforcement,

suspended sentences, sentences conditionally suspendedwith the surveillance, extraditions,etc.

SLOVAKREPUBLICü Points(D):Includes2manesties,50interruptionsoftheprisonsentence,2remissionsofthe



prisonsentenceand15deaths.

SLOVENIAü Point(C.3):Includesconditionalreleaseswithoutspecialconditionsandearlyreleases.ü Points (D):Are included: weekend prison leaves, deaths, imposition of uniform penalties,

compliancedetention,transferofprisonerstoanothercountryandjudicialdetention.SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SWEDENGeneralnote:OnlythenumberoffinalsentencedprisonersreleasedispresentedinTable9.Dataonthepre-trialdetaineesreleasedisnotavailable.

ü Point (D): Departed/left for other reasons , includes deaths, transfer to other countries orotherreasonstoleave.

SWITZERLANDü Points(C):Inlcudes1prionerswhodied.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESGeneral note: All items taken Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (October-December 2014,Annualtables).

ü Point(C): Is thenumberofreleasesofdeterminatesentenceprisoners(TableA3.1)plus thenumberofreleasesofindeterminatesentenceprisoners.

ü Point(C.1):Refers toprisoners releasedonparoleafter servinga sentenceof12monthsormore.Thisincludesthosereleasedafteranindeterminatesentence.

ü Point(C.2):Refers toprisonersreleasedwithoutsupervisionafterservingasentenceof lessthan12months.

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Point(D):Includes1death,3deportations,19hospitalorders,27extraditions,36immigration

HoldCenters,26UKboarderauthorityand14transferstoUKprions.



TABLE10:TURNOVERRATIOOFINMATESIN2014


CountryTotalnumberofinmateson1stSeptember2013

Totalnumberofentriesin2014

(Table8)

Totalnumberofreleasesin2014

(Table9)

Turnoverratio(Estimatedexitrate

per100potentialexits)

Albania 4998 6444 4474 39.1Andorra 47 63 49 44.5Armenia 4698 NA 1464 31.2Austria 8831 11487 11609 57.1Azerbaijan 20327 9841 6056 20.1Belgium 12697 19315 19995 62.5BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1003 1744 1791 65.2Bulgaria 8834 5349 6241 44.0Croatia 4352 9187 9090 67.1Cyprus 811 2256 1688 55.0CzechRep. 16266 10644 8378 31.1Denmark 4091 12552 NA NAEstonia 3256 1764 2083 41.5Finland 3126 5749 5791 65.3France 78363 NA NA NAGeorgia 8868 8875 7676 43.3Germany 67681 94607 NA NAGreece 13238 12038 9412 37.2Hungary 18313 30744 23783 48.5Iceland Ireland 4065 16409 16914 82.6Italy 64835 50217 65452 56.9Latvia 5205 12522 3557 20.1Liechtenstein 9 53 41 66.1Lithuania 9621 8464 NA NALuxembourg 717 950 920 55.2Malta Moldova 6666 10767 3901 22.4Monaco Montenegro 1142 2388 2230 63.2Netherlands 10547 42823 43461 81.4Norway 3649 8926 8933 71.0Poland Portugal 14284 5415 5696 28.9Romania 33122 12543 15808 34.6RussianFed. 681622 NA 275772 40.5SanMarino 2 19 16 76.2Serbia 10031 23250 23036 69.2SlovakRep. 10152 8996 6875 35.9Slovenia 1360 3434 3366 70.2Spain(total) 68099 45568 41340 36.4Spain(StateAdm.) 58089 39521 35261 36.1Spain(Catalonia) 10010 6047 6079 37.9Sweden 5868 38721 NA NASwitzerland 7072 52502 NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 2846 3156 3170 52.8Turkey 136147 184899 168576 52.5Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 121385 NA NAUK:North.Ireland 1822 4033 4137 70.7UK:Scotland 7928 NA NA NAAverage 50.7Median 52.5Minimum 20.1Maximum 82.6



NOTES–TABLE10

Table10showstheestimatedturnoverratio(per100inmateslikelytobereleased)foreachcountry.Thisratiocorrespondstotheestimatedexitrateper100potentialexits.

Rawdatausedforthecalculationsarethetotalprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2013(stock)whichwas retrieved from the SPACE I 2013 report and thenumbers of entries (flowof entries) and releases(flowofreleases)during2014weretakenfromTables8and9ofpresentreport.

Thesumofthestockandtheflowofentriesprovidesanestimationofthetotalnumberofinmateslikelyto be released during the year (i.e. the potential exits). This number is then put in relation with theeffectivenumberofreleasesduring2014.

Wearefullyawarethat,fromatheoreticalpointofview,itwouldhavebeennecessarytousetheprisonpopulationon1stJanuary2014(insteadof1stSeptember2013),butthisfigureisnotavailable.Onecouldnotethatforfourcountries(Azerbaijan,Latvia,MoldovaandPortugal)thecalculatedturnoverratiosare under 30%. Nevertheless, the figures for this four countries have been validated by nationaladministrations.

CYPRUSü Thetotalnumberofentriesintopenalinstitutionsin2014correspondstothenumberofentriesinprison

institution,withoutincludingtheentriestopolicestations.Thenumberofreleasesisaswellgivenfromprisoninstitution.Thisisduetothefactthatdatafrompolicestationsarenotavailable.Consequently,thestockfigureusedforthecalculationinTable10wasadaptedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesonlyinprisonwithoutpolicestations.

THENETHERLANDSü Entries and releases included in Table 10 are entries into penal institutions. Entries and releases

into/fromcustodialclinics,institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcludedfromthesefigures.

FIGURE4:COUNTRIESWITHLOWESTTURNOVERRATIOSIN2014

Figure4providesaclassificationofthecountrieswiththelowestturnoverratiosper100inmatesduringtheyear2014.ThisFigureincludes19countrieswheretheratioswereabovetheEuropeanmedianvalue(52.5%).InSPACEI2014,thenumberofcountriesbeinginthesamesituationwas22(foramedianvalueof54.8%).Theverylowvaluesofturnoverratiosmightbecomeanindicatorofapotentialovercrowding.Nevertheless,formoreaccuratecomparisons,notestoTables8and9shouldbetakenintoaccount.

20.1

20.1

22.4 28.9

31.1

31.2 34.6

35.9

36.1

36.4

37.2

37.9

39.1

40.5

41.5

43.3

44.0

44.5 48.5

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 %

Latvia

Azerbaijan

Moldova

Portugal

CzechRep.

Armenia

Romania

SlovakRep.

Spain(StateAdm

.)

Spain(total)

Greece

Spain(Catalonia)

Albania

RussianFed.

Estonia

Georgia

Bulgaria

Andorra

Hungary

European Mean=50.7

EuropeanMedian=52.5



TABLE11.A:INDICATOROFAVERAGELENGTHOFIMPRISONMENTIN2014,BASEDONTHETOTALNUMBEROFDAYSSPENTINPENALINSTITUTIONS


Country

Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenal

institutionsin2014

Averagenumberofinmatesin2014


Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonm

ent

Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2014

Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trialdetentionin2014

Numberofentriesbeforefinal

sentencein2014

Indicatorofaveragelengthofpre-trialimprisonm

ent

Numberofdaysspentininst.forjuvenilesin2014

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)Albania 1985600 5440 6444 10.1 1029665 2821 5092 7 34310Andorra 14471 40 63 7.6 10187 28 36 9 0Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 3242024 8882 11487 9.3 620 2 8349 0 39263Azerbaijan NA NA 9841 NA NA NA 9776 NA NABelgium NA NA 19315 NA NA NA 11701 NA NABH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 343100 940 1744 6.5 41610 114 345 4 5475Bulgaria NA NA 5349 NA NA NA 1864 NA NACroatia NA NA 9187 NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 203877 559 2256 3.0 NA NA 1115 NA NACzechRep. 6453532 17681 10644 19.9 787918 2159 4948 5 40625Denmark 1381306 3784 12552 3.6 530527 1453 NA NA NAPEstonia 1069704 2931 1764 19.9 125892 345 1092 4 NAFinland 1069085 2929 5749 6.1 225935 619 1980 4 NAPFrance 67344 NA NA NA 17210 NA NA 94368 67344Georgia NA NA 8875 NA NA NA NA NA NAGermany 23374085 64039 94607 8.1 NA NA NA NA NAGreece NA NA 12038 NA NA NA 4298 NA NAHungary 11306139 30976 30744 12.1 NA NA 9529 NA NAIceland Ireland 1443870 3956 16409 2.9 202123 554 3532 2 19396Italy 20937952 57364 50217 13.7 7241493 19840 42099 6 NAPLatvia NA NA 12522 NA NA NA 8065 NA NALiechtenstein 3255 9 53 2.0 536 1 48 0 NAPLithuania 3265290 8946 8464 12.7 596775 1635 5512 4 60225Luxembourg 246304 675 950 8.5 109344 300 675 5 1241Malta Moldova 2575590 7056 1767 47.9 3662 10 4241 0 51Monaco Montenegro 519078 1422 2388 7.1 131046 359 644 7 NANetherlands 3732490 10226 42823 2.9 1601620 4388 14054 4 0Norway 1356718 3717 8926 5.0 382785 1049 3640 3 NAPPoland Portugal 5156720 14128 5415 31.3 874540 2396 2332 12 88330Romania 14420708 39509 12543 37.8 363048 995 1263 9 649906RussianFed. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASanMarino 1029 3 19 1.8 537 1 11 2 0Serbia NA NA 23250 NA NA NA NA NA NASlovakRep. NA NA 8996 NA NA NA 3202 NA NASlovenia 551687 1511 3434 5.3 90761 249 841 4 6471Spain(total) 24228070 66378 45568 17.5 3196307 8757 NA NA NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 20727255 56787 39521 17.2 2704650 7410 NA NA NAPSpain(Catalonia) 3500815 9591 6047 19.0 491657 1347 2915 6 491657Sweden 200885 550 38721 0.2 586948 1608 29778 1 NAPSwitzerland 2578898 7065 52502 1.6 702083 1924 15538 1 NAtheFYROMacedonia 141032 386 3156 1.5 161146 441 104 51 12715Turkey NA NA 184899 NA NA NA 53213 NA NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA 121385 NA NA NA 54913 NA NAUK:North.Ireland 677964 1857 4033 NA 159615 437 2978 2 10019UK:Scotland 2821789 7731 NA NA 556768 1525 NA NA 194131Average 9.5 6.0

Median 7.1 3.8 Minimum 0.1 0.0

Maximum 37.8 50.9



NOTES–TABLE11.1

ThecalculationsmadeinTable11.1arebasedonthefollowinginputs:

Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenal

institutionsin2014

Averagenumberofinmatesin2014


Indicatorofaveragelengthof

imprisonment

Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin

2014

Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trial

detentionin2014

Numberofentries

beforefinalsentencein

2014

Indicatorofaverage

lengthofpre-trial

imprisonment(Table8) (inmonths) (Table9) (inmonths)

(a) (b)=a/365

(c) (d)=12(b/c) (e) (f)=e/365 (g) (h)=12(f/g)

Column(i)inTable11.1ispresentedonlyforinformationandwasnotusedforanycalculation.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Point(a):The totalnumberofdays spent inpenal institutionsdefined inamanner that the

averagedaily number of convicted (811), detained (114) and juveniles (15)whowas in thepenal institutionsof theRepublicofSrpskaduring2014multipliedbythenumberofdaysoftheyear.

CYPRUSü Point(a):Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2014(incl.pre-trialdetention):

• 203877daysinPrisonand27503inpolicestations.ü Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonmentwascalculatedonly forprison institutionwithout

policestations.FINLAND

ü Point(a):Arenotincluded61320daysspentinsupervisedprobationaryfreedom.THENETHERLANDS

ü Figures included in Table 11.1 are only of penal institutions. Figures for custodial clinics,institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcluded.

ü Point (a): 2 070 645 days are for sentenced prisoners and of 28 835 days it is unknownwhethertheyarespentbypre-trialorsentencedprisoners.

PORTUGALü Point(a):Calculationsarebasedontheaveragetotalnumberof inmates(14128) for2014,

multipliedby365days.ü Point(e):Forpre-trialdetentionthesameproceedingwasappliedbasedontheaverageof2

396detainees.ü Point(i):forjuvenileoffenders,thesameproceedingwasappliedbasedontheaverageof242

juveniledetainees.SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü Point (e)and (i): for Juveniles relates to the financial year 2013/14 as published in officialstatistics as these figures are used alongside the financial information to calculate cost perplace

ü Point (i):Based on a roll call everyday and therefore overcounts thosewho are only in theJuvenileJusticeCenterforamatterofhours.



COMMENTSONTABLE11.B:

Assomecountriesdidnotprovidedataon the totalnumberofdaysspent inpenal institutions in2014-heading (a) of Table 11.1- andother countries provided figures that didnot seem reliable (seenotesbelow), inTable11.2wehavecalculatedanalternative indicatorof theaverage lengthof imprisonment(inmonths)basedonthetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2014,whichisusedasanestimateoftheaveragenumberofinmatesduringthatyear(source:SPACEI2014).

CYPRUSü Calculationsarebasedonthefiguresforprisoninstitution.Thisisduetothefactthatdatafrom

policestationsarenotavailable.Consequently,thestockfigureusedforthecalculationinTable11.2wasadaptedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesonlyinprisonwithoutpolicestations.



TABLE11.B:INDICATOROFAVERAGELENGTHOFIMPRISONMENTIN2014,BASEDONTHETOTALSTOCKOFINMATESINPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014


CountryTotalnumberofinmateson

1stSeptember2014(SPACEI2014)

Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin

2014(Table8)

Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonment(inmonths)

Albania 5440 6444 10.1Andorra 53 63 10.1Armenia 3979 NA NAAustria 8857 11487 9.3Azerbaijan 22579 9841 27.5Belgium 13212 19315 8.2BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 940 1744 6.5Bulgaria 7870 5349 17.7Croatia 3763 9187 4.9Cyprus 681 2256 3.6CzechRep. 18658 10644 21.0Denmark 3583 12552 3.4Estonia 2962 1764 20.1Finland 3097 5749 6.5France 77739 NA NAGeorgia 10233 8875 13.8Germany 65710 94607 8.3Greece 12006 12038 12.0Hungary 18270 30744 7.1Iceland 154 Ireland 3829 16409 2.8Italy 54252 50217 13.0Latvia 4809 12522 4.6Liechtenstein 8 53 1.8Lithuania 8977 8464 12.7Luxembourg 656 950 8.3Malta Moldova 7166 1767 48.7Monaco Montenegro 1058 2388 5.3Netherlands 9857 42823 2.8Norway 3718 8926 5.0Poland Portugal 14003 5415 31.0Romania 31637 12543 30.3RussianFed. 671027 NA NASanMarino 4 19 2.5Serbia 10288 23250 5.3SlovakRep. 10179 8996 13.6Slovenia 1522 3434 5.3Spain(total) 65931 45568 17.4Spain(StateAdm.) 56391 39521 17.1Spain(Catalonia) 9540 6047 18.9Sweden 5861 38721 1.8Switzerland 6923 52502 1.6theFYROMacedonia 3116 3156 11.8Turkey 151454 184899 9.8Ukraine 92290 UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 121385 8.5UK:North.Ireland 1860 4033 5.5UK:Scotland 7879 NA NAAverage 11.2Median 8.3Minimum 1.6Maximum 48.7



TABLE12:ESCAPESFROMPENALINSTITUTIONSDURING2014


Country

Numberofescapesin2014(a)

Totalnumberofinmateson1st

September2014,SPACEI2013

Rateofescapesper10000prisoners

Otherformsofescapein2014

(b)

Rateofotherformsofescapes

per10000inmates

Albania 0 5440 0.0 2 3.7Andorra 0 53 0.0 0 0.0Armenia 1 3979 2.5 0 0.0Austria 4 8857 4.5 15 16.9Azerbaijan 0 22579 0.0 6 2.7Belgium 4 13212 3.0 NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1 940 10.6 3 31.9Bulgaria 6 7870 7.6 11 14.0Croatia 4 3763 10.6 57 151.5Cyprus 0 681 0.0 0 0.0CzechRep. 1 18658 0.5 17 9.1Denmark 12 3583 33.5 71 198.2Estonia 0 2962 0.0 3 10.1Finland 13 3097 42.0 285 920.2France 33 77739 4.2 222 28.6Georgia 1 10233 1.0 0 0.0Germany 15 65710 2.3 298 45.4Greece 38 12006 31.7 68 56.6Hungary 0 18270 0.0 2 1.1Iceland 154 Ireland 6 3829 15.7 19 49.6Italy 4 54252 0.7 139 25.6Latvia 0 4809 0.0 7 14.6Liechtenstein 0 8 0.0 0 0.0Lithuania 0 8977 0.0 2 2.2Luxembourg 0 656 0.0 10 152.4Malta Moldova 0 7166 0.0 0 0.0Monaco Montenegro 0 1058 0.0 5 47.3Netherlands 1 9857 1.0 381 386.5Norway 9 3718 24.2 123 330.8Poland Portugal 11 14003 7.9 53 37.8Romania 1 31637 0.3 12 3.8RussianFed. 7 671027 0.1 126 1.9SanMarino 0 4 0.0 0 0.0Serbia 2 10288 1.9 73 71.0SlovakRep. 1 10179 1.0 1 1.0Slovenia 1 1522 6.6 44 289.1Spain(total) 6 65931 0.9 904 137.1Spain(StateAdm.) 6 56391 1.1 713 126.4Spain(Catalonia) 0 9540 0.0 191 200.2Sweden 7 5861 11.9 133 226.9Switzerland 21 6923 30.3 386 557.6theFYROMacedonia 114 3116 365.9 148 475.0Turkey 33 151454 2.2 2621 173.1Ukraine 92290 UK:Engl.&Wales 13 85509 1.5 247 28.9UK:North.Ireland 0 1860 0.0 NA NAUK:Scotland 10 7879 12.7 6 7.6Average 14.2 109.3Median 1.1 28.6Minimum 0.0 0.0Maximum 365.9 920.2



NOTES–TABLE12

ü Escapes by inmates (convicted prisoners or pre-trial detainees under the supervision of theprisonadministration) fromaclosedpenal institutionorduringanadministrative transfer (forexample,to/fromacourt,anotherpenalinstitution,orahospital)during2014.

ü Otherformsofescape(abscondingorrunningoff):Examplesareescapesfromopeninstitutions(such as work farms) or from semi-detention, and escapes during an authorised short-termabsence(orleave)fromallkindsofinstitutionsduring2014.

The SPACE I questionnaire specifies that the countingunit for Table 12 should be the escapedperson.Therefore,whennoexplicitnoteswereprovidedby thenational correspondents,weassumed that thiscounting unit has been respected (i.e. Table 12 refers to persons and not to cases of escape involvingseveralprisoners).

ALBANIAü Point(b):Theseinmatesescapedduringauthorizedleaves.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Point(a):Escapesfromworksitesoutsidethepenitentiary.ü Point(b):All5escapesreferstoescapesduringweekendleaves.

DENMARKü Point(a):12escapes,ofwhich11escapeddirectlyfromprisonand1duringtransferto/fromcourtor

hospital.ü Point (b): 71 escapes, ofwhich 66 absconding from open prisons. This figure does not include fail to

appearfromleave.MONTENEGRO

ü Point(b):1escapefromopeninstitution(e.g.workfarms)and4escapesduringauthorizedshort-termabsenses(orleaves)fromalltypeofinstitutions(includingclosedinstitutions).

THENETHERLANDSü Figures refer to the population in the closed prisons. Other categories of institutions (for juvenile

offenders,forillegalaliensandcustodialclinics)arenotincludedinthisTable.PORTUGAL

ü Point (b): 53 prisoners failed to return frompenitentiary leavewithout surveillance. In 2014, 10 641authorisedleaveswithoutsurveillancehavebeengranted.

SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.UK:ENGLANDANDWALESFiguresprovidedarefor2014/15financialyear(1April2014to31March2015).

ü Point(b):Thenumberofotherformsofescapescorrespondstothenumberofabscondsandnon-returnsfromReleaseonTemporaryLicense.

UK:SCOTLANDFiguresprovidedareforfinancialratherthancalendaryears(i.e.from1April2014to31March2015).

ü Point(a):Includes3escapesfromclosedestablishments.



TABLE13:DEATHSINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2014(BYTYPEOFREGISTEREDDEATH)


Country

Totalnumberofdeathsinpenal

institutionsin2014

Ofwhich Typeofdeath Totalnumberofinmateson

1stSeptember

2014

Mortalityrateper10,000inmates

Pre-trialdetainees

%pre-trial

detaineesFemales %

females Homicides %homicides Accidents %

accidents

Drug/alcohol

intoxications

%intoxications Suicides %

suicides

Othercauses(incl.illness)

%other

Albania 13 5 38.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 23.1 10 76.9 5440 23.9Andorra 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 53 0.0Armenia 38 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 10.5 34 89.5 3979 95.5Austria 21 1 4.8 1 4.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 38.1 13 61.9 8857 23.7Azerbaijan 123 13 10.6 0 0.0 1 0.8 2 1.6 0 0.0 2 1.6 118 95.9 22579 54.5Belgium 59 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 18 30.5 NA NA BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 33.3 1 33.3 940 31.9Bulgaria 29 NA NA 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 28 96.6 7870 36.8Croatia 16 3 18.8 3 18.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 16 100.0 3763 42.5Cyprus 3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 100.0 0 0.0 681 44.1CzechRep. 29 9 31.0 2 6.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 12 41.4 16 55.2 18658 15.5Denmark 4 3 75.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 50.0 2 50.0 3583 11.2Estonia 8 1 12.5 1 12.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 12.5 7 87.5 2962 27.0Finland 9 4 44.4 0 0.0 1 11.1 NA NA NA NA 2 22.2 NA NA 3097 29.1France 132 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 77 58.3 0 *** 65544 17.7Georgia 27 4 14.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 22.2 0 0.0 7 25.9 14 51.9 10233 26.4Germany 152 NA NA 12 7.9 NA NA 1 0.7 NA NA 60 39.5 NA NA 65710 23.1Greece 29 16 55.2 4 13.8 1 3.4 1 3.4 1 3.4 6 20.7 20 69.0 12006 24.2Hungary 67 10 14.9 7 10.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 9.0 61 91.0 18270 36.7Iceland Ireland 8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 NA NA 2 25.0 6 75.0 3829 20.9Italy 92 31 33.7 3 3.3 1 1.1 NA NA NA NA 43 46.7 48 52.2 54252 17.0Latvia 28 9 32.1 4 14.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 17.9 23 82.1 4809 58.2Liechtenstein 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.0Lithuania 43 8 18.6 1 2.3 1 2.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 11 25.6 31 72.1 8977 47.9Luxembourg 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 656 15.2Malta Moldova 45 NA NA 1 2.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 4.4 8 17.8 35 77.8 7166 62.8Monaco Montenegro 7 1 14.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 14.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 85.7 1058 66.2Netherlands 25 11 44.0 1 4.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 14 56.0 11 44.0 9857 25.4Norway 6 6 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 100.0 0 0.0 3718 16.1



Country

Totalnumberofdeathsinpenal

institutionsin2014

Ofwhich Typeofdeath Totalnumberofinmateson

1stSeptember

2014

Mortalityrateper10,000inmates

Pre-trialdetainees

%pre-trial

detaineesFemales %

females Homicides %homicides Accidents %

accidents

Drug/alcohol

intoxications

%intoxications Suicides %

suicides

Othercauses(incl.illness)

%other

Poland Portugal 73 NA NA 5 6.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 22 30.1 51 69.9 14003 52.1Romania 122 8 6.6 10 8.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 13 10.7 109 89.3 31637 38.6RussianFed. 4097 368 9.0 150 3.7 NA NA 11 0.3 NA NA 404 9.9 3682 89.9 671027 61.1SanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.0Serbia 37 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.7 0 0.0 2 5.4 34 91.9 10288 36.0SlovakRep. 18 2 11.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 33.3 12 66.7 10179 17.7Slovenia 6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 100.0 1522 39.4Spain(total) 157 20 12.7 16 10.2 2 1.3 5 3.2 29 18.5 31 19.7 90 57.3 65931 23.8Spain(StateAdm.) 107 12 11.2 9 8.4 2 1.9 4 3.7 25 23.4 24 22.4 52 48.6 56391 19.0Spain(Catalonia) 50 8 16.0 7 14.0 0 0.0 1 2.0 4 8.0 7 14.0 38 76.0 9540 52.4Sweden 16 8 50.0 1 6.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 6.3 7 43.8 8 50.0 5861 27.3Switzerland 15 7 46.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 9 60.0 NA NA 6923 21.7theFYROMacedonia 10 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 10.0 0 0.0 9 90.0 3116 32.1Turkey 380 60 15.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 53 13.9 327 86.1 151454 25.1Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 243 NA NA 12 4.9 3 1.2 NA NA NA NA 89 36.6 151 62.1 85509 28.4UK:North.Ireland 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1860 5.4UK:Scotland 24 4 16.7 2 8.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 12.5 21 87.5 7879 30.5Average 19.1 3.9 1.4 1.3 1.8 25.0 64.9 31.6Median 12.5 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.5 73.5 27.3Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 18.8 33.3 22.2 23.4 100.0 100.0 95.5



TABLE13.1:SUICIDESINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2014


Country

Totalnumber

ofdeathsinpenalinstitutionsin2014

Suicides%

suicides

Ofwhich:Total

numberofinmateson

1stSeptember

2014

Suiciderateper10000inmates

Numberoffemales

%offemalesuicidesinthetotalnumberofsuicides

ofpre-trialdetainees

%ofpre-trial

detaineesuicidesinthetotalnumberofsuicides

Albania 13 3 23.1 0 0.0 2 66.7 5440 5.5

Andorra 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 53 0.0

Armenia 38 4 10.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 3979 10.1

Austria 21 8 38.1 1 12.5 7 87.5 8857 9.0Azerbaijan 123 2 1.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 22579 0.9

Belgium 59 18 30.5 NA NA NA NA 13212 13.6

BH:BiH(total)

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 3 1 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 940 10.6

Bulgaria 29 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7870 0.0

Croatia 16 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3763 0.0

Cyprus 3 3 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 681 44.1

CzechRep. 29 12 41.4 1 8.3 6 50.0 18658 6.4Denmark 4 2 50.0 0 0.0 2 100.0 3583 5.6

Estonia 8 1 12.5 1 100.0 1 100.0 2962 3.4

Finland 9 2 22.2 0 0.0 2 100.0 3097 6.5

France 132 77 58.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 77739 9.9

Georgia 27 7 25.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 10233 6.8

Germany 152 60 39.5 7 11.7 NA NA 65710 9.1Greece 29 6 20.7 NA NA NA NA 12006 5.0

Hungary 67 6 9.0 0 0.0 3 50.0 18270 3.3

Iceland 0.0

Ireland 8 2 25.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3829 5.2

Italy 92 43 46.7 2 4.7 21 48.8 54252 7.9Latvia 28 5 17.9 0 0.0 1 20.0 4809 10.4

Liechtenstein 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.0

Lithuania 43 11 25.6 0 0.0 1 9.1 8977 12.3

Luxembourg 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 656 0.0

Malta Moldova 45 8 17.8 1 12.5 0 0.0 7166 11.2

Monaco

Montenegro 7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1058 0.0

Netherlands 25 14 56.0 1 7.1 7 50.0 9857 14.2

Norway 6 6 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3718 16.1Poland

Portugal 73 22 30.1 3 13.6 NA NA 14003 15.7

Romania 122 13 10.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 31637 4.1

RussianFed. 4097 404 9.9 6 1.5 NA NA 671027 6.0

SanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.0Serbia 37 2 5.4 NA NA NA NA 10288 1.9

SlovakRep. 18 6 33.3 0 0.0 1 16.7 10179 5.9

Slovenia 6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1522 0.0

Spain(total) 157 31 19.7 5 16.1 6 19.4 65931 4.7

Spain(StateAdm.) 107 24 22.4 2 8.3 2 8.3 56391 4.3Spain(Catalonia) 50 7 14.0 3 42.9 4 57.1 9540 7.3

Sweden 16 7 43.8 1 14.3 4 57.1 5861 11.9

Switzerland 15 9 60.0 NA NA 4 44.4 6923 13.0

theFYROMacedonia 10 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3116 0.0

Turkey 380 53 13.9 NA NA 20 37.7 151454 3.5Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales 243 89 36.6 3 3.4 NA NA 85509 10.4

UK:North.Ireland 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1860 NA

UK:Scotland 24 3 12.5 0 0.0 1 9.1 7879 3.8

Average 25.0 6.2 24.7 7.2Median 21.5 0.0 0.0 6.0Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.1



TABLE13.2:TYPESOFDEATHSANDSUICIDESINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2014


Country

Doesthedataincludepersonswhodiedorcommittedsuicideincommunityhospitals?

Ifyes,howmany?

Ofwhich:Numberoffemales

Doesthedataincludepersonswhodiedoutsideprison(e.g.duringaprisonleaveorperiodofabsencebypermission)?

Ifyes,howmany?

Ofwhich:Numberoffemales

Albania Yes 9 0 No *** ***Andorra No *** *** No *** ***Armenia Yes 10 0 No 0 0Austria Yes 6 0 Yes 0 0Azerbaijan Yes 0 0 Yes 19 0Belgium Yes NA NA Yes NA NABH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska Yes 1 0 Yes 2 0Bulgaria Yes 6 0 Yes 7 1Croatia No *** *** Yes *** ***Cyprus NA *** *** NA *** ***CzechRep. Yes 6 1 Yes 0 0Denmark No *** *** No *** ***Estonia Yes 3 0 Yes 0 0Finland No *** *** No *** ***France No *** *** No *** ***Georgia Yes 8 0 Yes 1 0Germany No *** *** No *** ***Greece Yes NA NA Yes NA NAHungary Yes 27 3 No *** 0Iceland Ireland Yes NA NA Yes NA NAItaly Yes NA NA No *** ***Latvia Yes 1 0 No *** ***Liechtenstein Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Lithuania Yes 8 0 Yes 0 0Luxembourg Yes 1 0 Yes 0 0Malta Moldova Yes NA NA No *** ***Monaco Montenegro Yes NA NA No *** ***Netherlands Yes 4 0 Yes 1 0Norway No *** *** No *** ***Poland 0 Portugal Yes NA NA No *** ***Romania No *** *** No *** ***RussianFed. No *** *** No *** ***SanMarino NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Serbia Yes 11 NA Yes 2 NASlovakRep. Yes 5 0 Yes 0 0Slovenia Yes 3 0 Yes 3 0Spain(total) Yes 45 3 Yes 0 0Spain(StateAdm.) Yes 45 3 Yes *** ***Spain(Catalonia) No *** *** Yes 21 0Sweden Yes NA NA Yes NA NASwitzerland Yes NA NA Yes NA NAtheFYROMacedonia Yes 1 0 Yes 0 0Turkey Yes NA NA Yes 8 NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales Yes 61 NA No *** ***UK:North.Ireland Yes 1 0 No *** ***UK:Scotland Yes NA NA Yes NA NA



NOTES–TABLES13,13.1AND13.2

BELGIUM

ü Table 13: Due to medical secrecy, institutions do not always know the cause of death ofprisonerswhodiedoutsidetheprison.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)

ü Table13• Homicide:Aconvictwasmurderedduringtheholidayweek-end.• Other:Naturaldeathduringhospitalization.

ü Tables13.1,13.2and13.3:Suicideincorrectionalinstitution.

FRANCE

ü Table13:Nodistinctionismadebetweenalcohol/drugintoxicationandaccidents

GEORGIA

ü Table13

• Other:DiseasesHUNGARY

ü The total number of deaths in penal institutions includes those who died in in the prisonhospital and thosewho died after being transferred to a civilian institution from the prisonhospital.

• TotaldeathsintheCentralHospitalofthePrisonServiceandtheForensicPsychiatricandMentalInstitution(together:healthcarefacility):28(ofwhich4females).

• Total deaths after being transferred from to a civilian institution from a healthcarefacility:11,allofthembeingmales.

• Totaldeathsafterbeingtransferredfromaprisontoacivilianinstitution:1male.

IRELAND

ü Thetotalnumberofdeathsreferstocustodyandincludes2suicides,2misadventure,1naturalcause,oneopenveredict,1narrativeveredictand1inquestpending.

THENETHERLANDS

ü Oneofthesuicideswasaninsulinintoxication.Toavoiddoublecounting(bothonsuicideandintoxication),thisdeathisconsideredasasuicide,notasadrug/alcoholintoxication.

UK:ENGLAND&WALES

ü The definition of suicide is the self-inflicted death, which is where a person has apparentlytakenhisorherownlifeirrespectiveofintent.

ü Figures about deaths on custody can be found athttps://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/safety-in-custody-quarterly-update-to-september-2015.

ü Thetotalnumberofdeathsalsoincludesdeathsinhospitals,hospicesornursinghome.Asmallproportionwill relate to deaths occurring in an ambulance on theway to hospitalwhile onescort.

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü Causesnotestablishedin1death.

UK:SCOTLAND

ü Deathsduetoaccidentsorintoxicationarenotidentifiedseparately.ü Figures include12caseswhere thecausehasnotyetbeendeterminedordeath isdue toan

eventofunderterminedintent.



In 2014, the average (mean) rate of suicides in Europe was 7.2, which is lower than the same valueobservedin2013(7.6),2012(11.2)and2011(7.7).

Thehighestsuiciderates(ofmorethan15suicidesper10000inmates)in2014wereobservedinthreecountries:Portugal,NorwayandCyprus. In2013 therewereMalta,Norway,Cyprusand Icelandwithveryhighvalues.Thehighestrates(ofmorethan15)for2014arepresentedintheFigurebelow.

FIGURE5:SUICIDERATEPER10000INMATESIN2014

5.2

5.5

5.6

5.9

6.0

6.4

6.5

6.8 7.3 7.9 9.0

9.1 9.9

10.1

10.4

10.4

10.6

11.2

11.9

12.3

13.0

13.6

14.2 15.7

16.1

44.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

European Average:7.2EuropeanMedian:6.0



TABLE14:EXPENSESINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2014(IN€)

Row-data:a) Averageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2014;b) -//-inpre-trialdetentionin2014(€/day);c) -//-inthecorrectionalfacilityin2014(€/day);d) -//-inthespecialfacility/sectionforpersonswithpsychiatricdisordersin2014(€/day);e) -//-inaninstitutionforjuvenileoffendersin2014(€/day);f) Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2014(incl.pre-trialdetention);g) Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2014;h) Numberofdaysspentininstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersin2014;

Calculated:i) Generalaverageamountperinmate=mean(b,c,d,e);j) Averageamountperinmate(pre-trial&sentenced)=mean(b,c);k) Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforallpre-trialdetaineesin2014=b*g;l) Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforalljuvenileinmatesin2014=e*h;m) Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforallcategoriesofinmatesin2014=(mean[b,c,d,e])*f.

n) TotalbudgetspentbyPrisonAdministrationin2014(rawdataprovidedbythePrisonAdministrations)


Country (a)Ofwhich:

(f)Ofwhich:

(i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n)(b) (c) (d) (e) (g) (h)Albania 13.35€ 10.4€ 9.16€ 17.64€ 13.27€ 1985600 1029665 34310 12.63€ 9.8€ 10749703€ 455294€ 25073164€ 21982160€Andorra 186.37€ 186.4€ 186.37€ 0.00€ 186.37€ 14471 10187 0 139.78€ 186.4€ 1898551€ 0€ 2022720€ 3333337€Armenia 10.30€ 10.2€ 10.30€ NAP 10.30€ NA NA NA 10.27€ 10.3€ NA NA NA 14664610€Austria 112.97€ NA NA 179.65€ NA 3242024 620 39263 179.65€ NA NA NA 582429612€ 416973092€Azerbaijan 11.76€ 12.6€ 12.67€ NA 57.69€ NA NA NA 27.64€ 12.6€ NA NA NA 79404498€Belgium 137.28€ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 594640286€BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska NA 30.0€ 30.00€ NA 30.00€ 343100 41610 5475 30.00€ 30.0€ 1248300€ 164250€ 10293000€ 14372347€Bulgaria 13.68€ 60.9€ 13.68€ NA 57.45€ NA NA NA 44.01€ 37.3€ NA NA NA 58899382€Croatia 7.29€ 6.6€ 10.73€ 15.43€ NA NA NA NA 10.91€ 8.7€ NA NA NA 71427935€Cyprus 75.00€ 75.0€ 75.00€ 75.00€ 75.00€ 203877 NA NA 75.00€ 75.0€ NA NA 15290775€ 15279577€CzechRep. 45.00€ NA NA NA NA 6453532 787918 40625 NA NA NA NA NA 283200000€Denmark 191.00€ 186.0€ 202.00€ NA NA 1381306 530527 NAP 194.00€ 194.0€ 98678022€ NA 267973364€ 411000100€Estonia 39.36€ NAP NAP NAP NAP 1069704 125892 NA NAP NAP NA NA NA 43671208€Finland 175.00€ NA NA 250.00€ NAP 1069085 225935 NAP 250.00€ NA NA NA 267271250€ 197258000€France 102.67€ 90.3€ 108.89€ NA 500.19€ 24580616 6281725 94368 233.12€ 99.58€ 567051315.75€ 47201929.92€ 5730151266.53€ 2523691845€Georgia 5.66€ 5.7€ 5.66€ NA 5.66€ NA NA NA 5.66€ 5.7€ NA NA NA 53159872€Germany 129.35€ NA NA NA NA 23374085 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3023411535€



Country (a)Ofwhich:

(f)Ofwhich:

(i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n)(b) (c) (d) (e) (g) (h)Greece 28.16€ NA NA NA NAP NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 108879000€Hungary 26.57€ NA NA 42.56€ NA 11306139 NA NA 42.56€ NA NA NA 481189276€ 191196858€Iceland Ireland 189.00€ 189.00€ 189.00€ 189.00€ 2773.38€ 1443870 202123 19396 835.10€ 189.0€ 38201247€ 53792478€ 1205768618€ 388890900€Italy 141.76€ NAP NAP NAP NAP 20937952 7241493 NAP NA NA NA NA NA 2714126966€Latvia 22.58€ NA NA NA 93.02€ NA NA NA 93.02€ NA NA NA NA 41454507€Liechtenstein 230.00€ 315.0€ 315.00€ 504.00€ NAP 3255 536 NAP 378.00€ 315.0€ 168840€ NA 1230390€ 1629000€Lithuania 16.05€ 18.30€ 15.52€ NAP 44.76€ 3265290 596775 60225 26.19€ 16.9€ 10920983€ 2695671€ 85528829€ 58728000€Luxembourg 206.52€ 206.5€ 206.52€ NAP NAP 246304 109344 1241 206.52€ 206.5€ 22581723€ NA 50866702€ 50867880€Malta Moldova 7.38€ 7.38€ NA NA 35.09€ 3713 3662 51 21.24€ 7.4€ 27026€ 1790€ 78846€ 18811600€Monaco Montenegro 19.00€ 19.00€ 19.00€ NA NA 519078 131046 NA 19.00€ 19.0€ 2489874€ NA 9862482€ 7626929€Netherlands 273.00€ 253.0€ 253.00€ 403.00€ 608.00€ 3732490 1601620 0 379.25€ 253.0€ 405209860€ 0€ 1415546833€ 975656411€Norway 348.00€ NA NA NA NA 1356718 382785 NAP NA NA NA NA NA 475000000€Poland Portugal 41.22€ NA NA NA NA 5156720 874540 88330 NA NA NA NA NA 212941499€Romania 19.79€ NA 18.39€ NA 52.12€ 14420708 363048 649906 35.26€ 18.4€ NA 33873101€ 508402061€ 230012271€RussianFed. 22.51€ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5443836800€SanMarino 480.81€ 480.8€ 480.81€ NA NA 1029 537 0 480.81€ 480.8€ 258195€ NA 494753€ 494756€Serbia 19.38€ 19.70€ 19.52€ 24.81€ 44.34€ NA NA NA 27.10€ 19.6€ NA NA NA 71769767€SlovakRep. 39.39€ NA NA NA 36.76€ NA NA NA 36.76€ NA NA NA NA 150579357€Slovenia 60.00€ NA NA NA NA 551687 90761 6471 NA NA NA NA NA 33235081€Spain(total) 59.72€ NAP NAP NA NA 24228070 3196307 NAP NA NA NA NA NA 1447672749€Spain(StateAdm.) 59.72€ NAP NAP NA NA 20727255 2704650 NAP NA NA NA NA NA 1115627895€Spain(Catalonia) NA NA NA NA NAP 3500815 491657 491657 NA NA NA NA NA 332044854€Sweden 354.00€ 404.0€ NA NA NAP 200885 586948 NAP 404.00€ 404.0€ 237126992€ NA 81157540€ 720694750€Switzerland NA NA NA NA NA 2578898 702083 NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 9.78€ 10.0€ 9.00€ NA 14.00€ 141032 161146 12715 11.00€ 9.5€ 1611460€ 178010€ 1551352€ 11158000€Turkey 21.72€ 21.7€ 21.72€ NA 21.72€ NA NA NA 21.72€ 21.7€ NA NA NA 1169879370€Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 115.76€ NA 114.07€ NA 303.48€ NA NA NA 208.78€ 114.1€ NA NA NA 3562000000€UK:North.Ireland 112.20€ NA NA NA 897.65€ 677964 159615 10019 897.65€ NA NA 8993595€ NA 138884000€UK:Scotland 125.00€ 125.0€ 125.00€ NAP 125.00€ 2821789 556768 194131 125.00€ 125.0€ 69596000€ 24266375€ 352723625€ 417561697€Average 101.08€ 117.98€ 105.26€ 154.64€ 283.58€ 175.21€ 113.57€ 97771319.36€ 15587113.08€ 556818597.80€ 488771921.43€

Median 52.36€ 60.91€ 21.72€ 75.00€ 57.45€ 75.00€ 37.30€ 10920982.50€ 2695671.00€ 85528829.40€ 138884000.00€

Minimum 5.66€ 5.66€ 5.66€ 0.00€ 5.66€ 5.66€ 5.66€ 27025.56€ 0.00€ 78845.56€ 494755.53€

Maximum 480.81€ 480.81€ 480.81€ 504.00€ 2773.38€ 897.65€ 480.81€ 567051315.75€ 53792478.48€ 5730151266.53€ 3562000000€



TABLE14.A:CATEGORIESINCLUDEDINTHECALCULATIONOFCUSTODIALEXPENSESIN

2014,INTABLE14

ü 14.1Securityü 14.2Healthcare(incl.medicalcare,psychiatricservices,pharmaceuticals,dentalcareetc.)ü 14.3Services(incl.maintenance,utilities,maintenanceofinmaterecords,reception,assignment,transportation,etc.)ü 14.4Administration(excl.extra-institutionalexpenditures)ü 14.5Support(incl.food,inmateactivities,inmateemployment,clothing,etc.)ü 14.6Rehabilitationprograms(incl.academiceducation,vocationaltraining,substanceabuseprograms,etc.)ü 14.7Other

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2015.14.A

Country 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoAndorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoArmenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoAustria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAzerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoBelgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoBH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska NA NA NA NA NA NA NABulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCroatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCzechRep. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDenmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoEstonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFinland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFrance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGeorgia No Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoGermany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGreece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesHungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoIceland Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesItaly Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes NoLatvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLiechtenstein Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes NoLithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLuxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMalta Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoMonaco Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoNetherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNorway Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes NoPoland Portugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoRomania NA NA NA NA NA NA NARussianFed. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSanMarino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSerbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSlovakRep. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSlovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSpain(total) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YeSSpain(StateAdm.) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSpain(Catalonia) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSwitzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTurkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales Yes No Yes Yes Yes No NoUK:North.Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUK:Scotland Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes



NOTES–TABLES14AND14.A

Data included in Table 14 are not always fully comparable across countries. In order to ensure morereliablecomparisons,wepresentinTable14.Athecategorieswhichareincludedinthecalculationofthecustodial expenses by each country. Nevertheless, these figures should be used cautiously not onlybecause the definition of the categories may differ from one country to another, but also because thepurchasingpowervarieswidelyacrossEurope.

AUSTRIAü Table14.A(point14.7):Overheadsandhirecharges.

CZECHREPUBLICü Exchangeraterelatesto31stDecember2014.ü Table14.A(point14.7):Salariesoftheuniformedandcivilianstaff,retirementpensionsand

retirement benefits for former uniformed staff, sickness benefits of the uniformed staff,renovation and modernization of movable property and immovable; security at court andpublicprosecutionbuildings;ITservicesandequipment;hygienicitemsforprisoners;antidrugprogrammeandcrimeprevention.

ESTONIAü Table14.A(point14.7):Differentinvestments(sportsequipment,kitchenequipmentetc.),a

lump-sumbenefitifaninmateisreleased,etc.

FINLANDü Table14.A(point14.7):Inthiscategoryarealsoincludedrentalcosts.

FRANCEü Table14point(e):Theexpensesofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersincludethecostsborne

by the Judicial Youth Protection Directorate inherent in the functioning of this type ofestablishments(staffandoperating).

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Otherexpensescorrespondtocontributionstothecentralagencyofsocialsecurity(ACOSS).

GEORGIAü Table14.A(point14.5):Excludinginmateemployment.

GERMANYü Table14.A(point14.6):DuetothefederalstructureoftheGermanpenitentiaryservice,the

questioncannotbeansweredwithyesorno,sincesomeprogrammesmaybeincludedwhileothersaresupportedbyotherfunds.

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Theaverageamountincludesbuildingandmaterialcosts.IRELAND

ü Table 14 (point n): 334.19 millions relates to the Irish Prison Service and 54m relates toChildrenDetentionSchools.

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Theaverageamountincludescapitalexpenditure.ITALY

ü Table 14.A (point 14.2): The expenses for the healthcare of prisoners fall under theresponsibility of the National Healthcare Service. The Penitentiary Administration bears thecosts only in some Regions with special Statute, until the procedures are concluded fortransferringthefunctionsofpenitentiaryhealthcareprovision.

ü Table14.A(point14.6):Thespecificprogrammesofrehabilitation/reinstatementarefundedbytheFinesFund(CassadelleAmmende),apublicbodyundertheauthorityoftheMinistryofJustice.Theexpenses foreducationandforvocational trainingarebornebyother institutionandbyLocalBodies.

LATVIAü Table 14.A (point 14.7): Taxes and dutie - repairs andmaintenance costs, capital repairs,

construction,etc.



LITHUANIAü Table14.A(point14.7):Maintenanceandrepaircosts(partially)andeducation.

THENETHERLANDSü FiguresincludedinTable14refertotheadultprisonsystem.ü Table14:

• Point(a):Thisfigureisaroughestimationonthebasisofthepoints(b),(c)and(d);• Point(b):PriceofabasicplaceinaHouseofDetention(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(c):Priceofaclosedprisonplace(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(d):Priceofaplace inoneof the5PsychiatricPenitentiaryComplexeswhich

aremeantforpre-trialandsentencedprisoners(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(g):Costs for instance fora funeralor thepaymentofdamages/compensation

(forpeoplewhohavebeendetainedunjustly);

• Point(m):The calculation isbasedon theexpensesmade in custody (adult regularregime only). Juvenile inmates and people being treated in custodial clinics underhospitalordersareexcluded.

ü Juvenileprisonersandpeoplebeingtreatedincustodialclinicsunderahospitalorderarenotincluded.ThereforealltheamountsfortheseadditionalcategoriesarepresentedintheTable14onlyforinformation.

NORWAYü Table14(pointsb&c):Therearenospecialprisonsforremanddetainees.Remandprisoners

are held in the same establishments as convicted prisoners. Therefore it is not possible tospecifytheexpenditureonthesegroupsseparately.

ü Table14points(d):ThisgroupofpersonsisnotbeingheldinprisonanditisnotundertheresponsibilityoftheCorrectionalService.

ü Table14points(e):Therearenospecialinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.ROMANIA

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Capitalexpenditures,financingoftheExternalNon-RefundableFundand Health Insurance Fund of Defence, Public Order, National Safety and Legal Authority"CASAOPSNAJ".

SERVIAü Datarefer to theaveragemiddleexchangerateof theNationalBankofSerbiaof theeuro in

relationtotheSerbiandinar(RSD).

SLOVAKREPUBLICü Table14.A(point14.7):Retirementbenefitsforprisonofficersandcivilemployees,sickness

benefitforprisonofficersandcivilemployees,monetarycontributiononnaturalbelongingforprisonofficers,allowanceandtravelexpensesafterreleasefrompre-traildetentionexecutionandfromprisonsentenceexecution.

SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)

ü Table 14: The security expenses of the Police Forces and the Health Care delivered by theAutonomousCommunitieshavenotbeenincluded.

ü Table14.A(point14.7):ThetransferstotheStateEntityPenitentiaryLabourandVocationalTraininghavebeentakenintoaccountinthisbudget.

SWEDENü Table14(pointa):Thecalculationof theaverageamountspentper inmate isbasedon the

expenses for both pre-trial and sentenced inmates. There are no special prisons for remanddetainees.Thereforeitisnotpossibletospecifytheexpenditureonthispopulationseparately.

ü Table 14.A (point 14.7): Under this heading are included the categories of overhead forHeadquarterandregionalOffices,depreciations,costsforfacilities.



THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIAü Table14.A(point14.7):Underthisheadingareincludedallexpensesmadeforconveyingthe

prisonerstocourtortootherprison.

UKRAINEUK:ENGLAND&WALESFiguresprovidedarefor2014/15financialyear(1April2014to31March2015).

ü The figures shown are in Euro have been converted from £ sterling at the Yearly AverageExchange Rate for 2014-15 of €1.270009 to £1 (average exchange rates data is based onfigurespublishedbyHMRC).

ü Allfigureshavebeencalculatedfromthe2014-15prisoncosts,whichwerepublishedon29thOctober2015.Thecostinsection12.1istheaveragedailycostperprisonerforallpublicandprivatesectorprisonsinEnglandandWales.

ü Theaveragecostscomprisetheprisonestablishments’overallresourceexpenditure,whichisthe direct local establishment cost, increased by an apportionment of relevant costs bornecentrally by NOMS, including property costs (such as depreciation), major maintenance,headquarters costs, prisoner escort and custody services, and expenditure recharged to theYouthJusticeBoard.

ü Arenotincluded:• Expenditurewhich ismetbyOtherGovernmentDepartments, suchasonhealthand

education,andthecostofprisonersheldinpolicecells;• Expenditure not related to prisons (such as Probation), extraordinary expenditure

(e.g.impairments)andcostsrelatingtoelectronicmonitoring;• Expenditure related to Immigration Removal Centres operating under Detention

CentreRules2001;

• High-securitypsychiatrichospitalsmanagedbytheNHS;• ExpenditureincurreddirectlybytheYouthJusticeBoardonSecureChildrens'Homes

andSecureTreatmentCentres.ü Table14(Point(e)):Theaveragecostperprisonerofajuvenileoffenderinsection12.1.4is

calculatedfromprisonswithinthe“MaleYOIyoungpeople(ages15-17)”function.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü Convertiontoeuroson4thOctober2016(taxesimpressed).

UK:SCOTLANDü Theaverageamountspentperdayisarolling3yearaverageoftheaveragecostperprisoner

place, calculated on a resource accounting basis (including depreciation and impairmentcharges).

• A3 year rolling average is presented to smooth the effects of including impairmentcharges which can significantly affect the value of a single year's average cost of aprisonplace).

ü Source:SPSannualaccountsto2014-15,costof thecriminal justicesystempublishedontheScottishGovernmentwebsiteatwww.gov.scot.Exchangerate£1=1.24euro.



iii. Prison Staff



TABLE15:STAFFWORKINGINPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2015(NUMBERS)


Country

Totalnumberof

staff

Staffatthenationalprisonadministration(HeadOffice)

Staffinregionalprison

administrationoffices

Otherstaffemployedbythe

prisonadm.,butwhowork

OUTSIDEpenal

institutions

TotalnumberofstaffworkingINSIDEpenalinstitutions

Ofwhich:

Executives(managers)ofpenal

institutions

Custodialstaff

Medicalandparamedical

staff

Staffresponsible

forassessmentandthe

psychologists

Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(includingsocial

workers,teachers/educators,etc.)

Staffresponsible

forworkshopsorvocationaltraining

Otherstaffworking

INSIDEpenalinstitutions

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L)

Albania 4156 192 421 43 3500 23 3092 237 8 140 0 0Andorra 81 2 0 11 68 2 53 11 0 2 0 0Armenia 2130 231 361 NAP 1538 97 1154 165 47 32 NAP 43Austria 3724 21 NAP NAP 3704 84 3058 147 61 102 NA 251Azerbaijan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium 8872 69 6 528 8268 811 6526 207 328 28 307 62BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 887 7 NAP NAP 880 6 492 20 16 70 167 109Bulgaria 3958 93 NA NA NA 13 2641 110 30 153 4 NACroatia 2639 47 0 0 2592 41 1569 126 12 246 599Cyprus 393 NAP NAP NAP 393 5 381 0 0 0 7 0CzechRep. 10897 171 NAP 2922 7804 102 2090 455 1268 74 3815Denmark 4253 230 278 744 3001 19 2303 116 NA 123 343 97Estonia 1604 31 NAP NAP 1573 13 655 93 23 27 NAP 762Finland 2488 69 102 64 2253 63 1364 171 208 172 275France 36311 456 1285 4720 29850 371 26153 NA NA NA 138 3189Georgia 4587 1041 NAP NAP 3546 15 2851 518 162 NA NA 0Germany 36263 NAP 393 22 35848 NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece [4550] [84] [344] [NAP] [2764] [34] [1814] [25] [32] [NA] [NA] [403]Hungary 8412 305 0 0 8107 65 6656 462 402 27 495 0Iceland Ireland 3576 112 120 142 3203 80 2552 115 16 2 367 71Italy 44351 1352 1140 2652 39207 206 35319 82 28 867 0 2705Latvia 2529 163 NAP NAP 2366 33 1659 126 167 34 7 340Liechtenstein 16 0 0 0 16 1 15 0 0 0 0 0Lithuania 3474 89 NAP 275 3110 38 1987 277 37 202 10 559Luxembourg 405 6 0 0 399 5 293 1 4 21 35 40Malta Moldova 2754 133 NAP 266 2355 17 1925 254 34 125 NA NA



Country

Totalnumberof

staff

Staffatthenationalprisonadministration(HeadOffice)

Staffinregionalprison

administrationoffices

Otherstaffemployedbythe

prisonadm.,butwhowork

OUTSIDEpenal

institutions

TotalnumberofstaffworkingINSIDEpenalinstitutions

Ofwhich:

Executives(managers)ofpenal

institutions

Custodialstaff

Medicalandparamedical

staff

Staffresponsible

forassessmentandthe

psychologists

Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(includingsocial

workers,teachers/educators,etc.)

Staffresponsible

forworkshopsorvocationaltraining

Otherstaffworking

INSIDEpenalinstitutions

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L)

Monaco Montenegro 484 3 0 20 461 4 145 18 3 18 38 235Netherlands 10634 251 562 871 8950 149 5817 294 101 238 647 1704Norway 3853 90 110 72 3580 71 2525 0 0 0 574 411Poland Portugal 6251 479 593 225 4954 48 4081 0 0 174 0 651Romania 12731 291 NAP 393 12047 692 4273 671 84 466 32 5829RussianFed. 295967 739 16323 18606 260300 978 57244 28503 2951 6608 17542 146474SanMarino 6 NAP NAP 0 6 1 5 0 0 0 0 0Serbia 4052 77 0 0 3975 41 2350 258 277 0 482 567SlovakRep. 5190 152 NAP 761 4277 58 801 233 51 295 NAP 2839Slovenia 831 32 0 0 799 54 506 13 6 67 81 72Spain(total) 29342 573 NAP NAP 28769 451 18281 930 844 1861 700 5702Spain(StateAdm.) 24424 378 NAP NAP 24046 390 15082 930 624 1414 594 5012Spain(Catalonia) 4918 195 NAP NAP 4723 61 3199 0 220 447 106 690Sweden 7018 569 62 411 5976 299 4320 108 29 237 320 663Switzerland NA NA NA NA 3969 403 2102 267 NA 617 NA 0theFYROMacedonia 870 25 NA NA 845 33 546 19 36 51 38 122Turkey 46916 294 3258 235 43129 1378 38728 592 437 563 NA 1431Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 43370 2140 930 8810 31490 2280 21900 10 1040 0 0 6260UK:North.Ireland 1836 173 0 0 1663 40 1359 3 23 24 4 211UK:Scotland 4500 381 422 NAP 3697 98 3285 NAP 62 NAP NA 252



NOTES–TABLE15

ARMENIAü Initially the total number of staff was 2 227 because it included the number of executives

(managers) of penal institutions (point (F)) (97). The number of executives was thensubtractedtoavoiddoublecounting.

AZERBAIJANü According to the legislation, data on thepenitentiary institution staff are classified as secret

information.CROATIA

ü Point(F):onlyincludesmanagersandassistantmanagers,whileothersheadsofdepartmentsarepresentedinotherpoints.Thereareintotal97headsofdepartment.

ü Points (I) and (J): Some of the staff responsible for educational activities (point J) is alsoresponsible for theassessment (point I)andsomeof themarealsopsychologists.Therefore,thecategoriesweremerged,whichiswhydataiswithadifferentcolorbackground.

CYPRUSü AllfiguresconcernonlythePrisoninstitutionwithoutpolicestations.�

CZECHREPUBLICü Point(A):Thetotalnumberofstaffincludes25femaleuniformedstaffonmaternityleaveand

17 staff members on long-term sickness leave. Total number of staff does not include 98members of uniformed staff as reserve (not permanently at work), 98 civilians onmaternity/family leaves, and 7 other staff members not permanently at work for differentreasons.

ü Point (D): Prison ServiceAcademy, judicial guards at courts, escort staffmembers, supportstaff

ü Points (I) and (J): The same people are responsible for education and assessment. Thiscategoryofstaffincludesteachers,educators,therapists,psychologists,socialworkers.

ü Point (L): Heads of departments in prisons,shift commanders,security officers at gates/perimeteretc.,drivers,preventionandcomplaintofficers,chaplainsandK9unitmembers.

FINLANDü ThefiguresaretheFTEequivalentscalculatedforthestaffemployedbytheCriminalSanctions

Agencyin2015.ü Point(D):IncludesTrainingInstituteforPrisonandProbationServicesandEnforcementUnit.ü Points(I)and(J):Thesamepeopleareresponsibleforeducationandassessment.

GEORGIAü Point(J):IncludesdataaboutstaffempoyedbytheMinistryofeducationandscienceorbythe

contractedorganisations.Therefore,thedataisn'tavailable.GREECEWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].ITALY

ü Point(A):37969employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(B):953employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(C):717employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(D):980employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(E):35319employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(H):FiguresincludesnursesemployedinSicily,wherethehealthcarestaffdidnotshift

underthecompetenceoftheMinistryofHealthyet(intermsofDecreeofthePresidentoftheCouncilofMinistersof1stApril2008).

LITHUANIAü Figuresareon1stJuly2015,insteadof1stSeptember2015.

NORWAY



ü Point(C):Nationaldocumentbase,handlersdrugdogsandtransportservice.ü Points(H),(I)and(J):Notemployedbythepenalinstitutions.ü Point(L):Administrativestaff.

PORTUGALDataare theFTEequivalentscalculated for thestaffemployedbythePenitentiaryAdministrationon

31stDecember2015.�ü Point(A):Totalnumberofstaff includespersonnelassignedtothePrisonAdministrationas

wellasthoseworkingintheProbationandInsertionService(seenotestoTable5ofSPACEII2015).�

ü Point(F):Onlyincludesheaddirectorsofpenalinstitutions.ü Point(G):Includes165probationstaff(thatalsoincludedinpoint(B)).ü Points (H)and (I):Medical and paramedical staff, and staff responsible for assessment and

psychologists are not employed by the penal administration. They are employed by privateinstitutions,withwhichthepenaladministrationhavecontracts.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ErratatopreviousSPACEIreports:Spaindoesnothaveregionalprisonadministrations,althoughduetoamisunderstanding,staffworkinginprisonofficeswasmistakenlyincludedunderpoint(C).UK:ENGLANG&WALESDatarefersto30thSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ü All data is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-offender-management-service-workforce-statistics-march-2016.

ü Point (A): Sum of NOMS HQ, Area Services, Prison Service Establishment and NationalProbationServicestaff.

ü Point(B):NOMSHeadQuarterstaff.ü Point(C):AreaServicesstaff.ü Point(D):NationalProbationServicestaff.ü Point(E):PrisonServiceEstablishmentstaff.ü Point(F):SumofBands9-11/SeniorManagers,Bands6-8/ManagersandBand5/Custodial

Managers.ü Point(G):SumofBand4/SupervisingOfficer,Band3-4/PrisonOfficer(inclspecialists)and

Band2/OperationalSupport.ü Point(H):SumofHealthcarestaff-NursingGradesandHealthcare–andotherhealthcare.ü Point(I):Psychologystaff.



TABLE15.1:STAFFWORKINGINPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2015(PERCENTAGES)


CountryTotalnumber

ofstaffTotal%(sum)

%ofstaffatthenationalprison

administration

%ofstaffinregionalprisonadministration

offices

%ofotherstaff

employedbyPA,workingoutsidepenalinstitutions

%ofstaffworkinginside

penalinstitutions

Albania 4156 100.0 4.6 10.1 1.0 84.2Andorra 81 100.0 2.5 0.0 13.6 84.0Armenia 2130 100.0 10.8 16.9 NAP 72.2Austria 3724 100.0 0.6 NAP NAP 99.4Azerbaijan NA NA NA NAP NAP NABelgium 8872 100.0 0.8 0.1 6.0 98.2BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 887 100.0 0.8 NAP NAP 99.2Bulgaria 3958 NA 2.3 NA NA NACroatia 2639 100.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 98.2Cyprus 393 100.0 NAP NAP NAP 100.0CzechRep. 10897 100.0 1.6 NAP 26.8 71.6Denmark 4253 100.0 5.4 6.5 17.5 70.6Estonia 1604 100.0 1.9 NAP NAP 98.1Finland 2488 100.0 2.8 4.1 2.6 90.6France 36311 100.00 1.3 3.5 13.0 82.2Georgia 4587 100.0 22.7 NAP NAP 77.3Germany 36263 100.0 NAP 1.1 0.1 98.9Greece [4550] [70.2] [1.8] [7.6] [NAP] [60.7]Hungary 8412 100.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 96.4Iceland Ireland 3576 100.0 3.1 3.3 4.0 89.6Italy 44351 100.0 3.0 2.6 6.0 88.4Latvia 2529 100.0 6.4 NAP NAP 93.6Liechtenstein 16 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Lithuania 3474 100.0 2.6 NAP 7.9 89.5Luxembourg 405 100.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 98.5Malta Moldova 2754 100.0 4.8 NAP 9.7 85.5Monaco Montenegro 484 100.0 0.6 0.0 4.1 95.2Netherlands 10634 100.0 2.4 5.3 8.2 84.2Norway 3853 100.0 2.3 2.9 1.9 92.9Poland Portugal 6251 100.0 7.7 9.5 3.6 79.3Romania 12731 100.0 2.3 NAP 3.1 94.6RussianFed. 295967 100.0 0.2 5.5 6.3 87.9SanMarino 6 100.0 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Serbia 4052 100.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 98.1SlovakRep. 5190 100.0 2.9 NAP 14.7 82.4Slovenia 831 100.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 96.1Spain(total) 29342 100.0 2.0 NAP NAP 98.0Spain(StateAdm.) 24424 100.0 1.5 NAP NAP 98.5Spain(Catalonia) 4918 100.0 4.0 NAP NAP 96.0Sweden 7018 100.0 8.1 0.9 5.9 85.2Switzerland NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 870 100.0 2.9 NA NA 97.1Turkey 46916 100.0 0.6 6.9 0.5 91.9Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 43370 100.0 4.9 2.1 20.3 72.6UK:North.Ireland 1836 100.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 90.6UK:Scotland 4500 100.0 8.5 9.4 NAP 82.2Average 3.8 3.6 5.9 89.2Median 2.5 2.6 3.8 91.2Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.7Maximum 22.7 16.9 26.8 100.0



TABLE15.2:STAFFWORKINGINSIDEPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2015(PERCENTAGES)


Country

Totalnum

berof

staffw

orking

INSIDEpenal

institutions

Total%

(sum

)

%Executives

(managers)of

penalinstitutions

%Custodialstaff

%Medicaland

paramedicalstaff

%Staff

responsiblefor

assessmentand

thepsychologists

%Staff

responsiblefor

education

activities

%Staff

responsiblefor

workshopsor

vocational

training

%Otherstaff

Albania 3500 100.0 0.7 88.3 6.8 0.2 4.0 0.0 0.0Andorra 68 100.0 2.9 77.9 16.2 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0Armenia 1538 100.0 6.3 75.0 10.7 3.1 2.1 NAP 2.8Austria 3704 100.0 2.3 82.6 4.0 1.6 2.8 NAP 6.8Azerbaijan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAP NABelgium 8268 100.0 9.8 78.9 2.5 4.0 0.3 3.7 0.7BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 880 100.0 0.7 55.9 2.3 1.8 8.0 19.0 12.4Bulgaria NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAP NACroatia 2592 100.0 1.6 60.5 4.9 0.5 9.5 23.1Cyprus 393 100.0 1.3 96.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0CzechRep. 7804 100.0 1.3 26.8 5.8 16.2 0.9 48.9Denmark 3001 100.0 0.6 76.7 3.9 NA 4.1 11.4 3.2Estonia 1573 100.0 0.8 41.6 5.9 1.5 1.7 NAP 48.4Finland 2253 100.0 2.8 60.5 7.6 9.2 7.6 12.2France 29850.2 100.0 370.5 1.2 26152.9 87.6 NA NA NAGeorgia 3546 100.0 0.4 80.4 14.6 4.6 NA NA 0.0Germany 35848 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece [2764] [83.5] [1.2] [65.6] [0.9] [1.2] [NA] [NA] [14.6]Hungary 8107 100.0 0.8 82.1 5.7 5.0 0.3 6.1 0.0Iceland Ireland 3203 100.0 2.5 79.7 3.6 0.5 0.1 11.5 2.2Italy 39207 100.0 0.5 90.1 0.2 0.1 2.2 0.0 6.9Latvia 2366 100.0 1.4 70.1 5.3 7.1 1.4 0.3 14.4Liechtenstein 16 100.0 6.3 93.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Lithuania 3110 100.0 1.2 63.9 8.9 1.2 6.5 0.3 18.0Luxembourg 399 100.0 1.3 73.4 0.3 1.1 5.3 8.8 10.0Malta Moldova 2355 100.0 0.7 81.7 10.8 1.4 5.3 NA NAMonaco Montenegro 461 100.0 0.9 31.5 3.9 0.7 3.9 8.2 51.0Netherlands 8950 100.0 1.7 65.0 3.3 1.1 2.7 7.2 19.0Norway 3580 100.0 2.0 70.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 11.5Poland Portugal 4954 100.0 1.0 82.4 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 13.1Romania 12047 100.0 5.7 35.5 5.6 0.7 3.9 0.3 48.4RussianFed. 260300 100.0 0.4 22.0 10.9 1.1 2.5 6.7 56.3SanMarino 6 100.0 16.7 83.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 3975 100.0 1.0 59.1 6.5 7.0 0.0 12.1 14.3SlovakRep. 4277 100.0 1.4 18.7 5.4 1.2 6.9 NAP 66.4Slovenia 799 100.0 6.8 63.3 1.6 0.8 8.4 10.1 9.0Spain(total) 28769 100.0 1.6 63.5 3.2 2.9 6.5 2.4 19.8Spain(StateAdm.) 24046 100.0 1.6 62.7 3.9 2.6 5.9 2.5 20.8Spain(Catalonia) 4723 100.0 1.3 67.7 0.0 4.7 9.5 2.2 14.6Sweden 5976 100.0 5.0 72.3 1.8 0.5 4.0 5.4 11.1Switzerland 3969 NA 10.2 53.0 6.7 NA 15.5 NA 0.0theFYROMacedonia 845 100.0 3.9 64.6 2.2 4.3 6.0 4.5 14.4Turkey 43129 100.0 3.2 89.8 1.4 1.0 1.3 NA 3.3Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 31490 100.0 7.2 69.5 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 19.9UK:North.Ireland 1663 100.0 2.4 81.7 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.2 12.7UK:Scotland 3697 100.0 2.7 88.9 NAP 1.7 NAP NA 6.8Average 2.9 68.4 4.4 2.4 3.5 4.6 15.3Median 1.5 71.4 3.9 1.2 2.7 2.4 11.5Minimum 0.4 18.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 16.7 96.9 16.2 16.2 15.5 19.0 66.4




InTable15.1and15.2,thereisonecountry,Greece, inwhichthetotalpercentageofstaffworkinginsidepenalinstitutionsislowerthan100.Thesefiguresarepresentedbetweenbracketsbecausethevalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Formoredetailsontheinputs,seenotestoTable15.

InTable15.2, there isonecountry,Croatia, inwhichthetotalpercentagesofstaffworking insidepenalinstitutionswashigher than100.This isexplainedby the fact that thestaff responsible foreducationalactivitiesarealsoresponsibleforassessment.Therefore,thecategoriesweremerged.Formoredetailsontheinputs,seenotestoTable15.

FIGURE6:STAFFWORKINGINSIDEPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2015,PERCENTAGES

Themedian value of custodial staff employed in all examined countries is 71.4% in the total of staffworking inside penal institutions. Yet, it is important to keep inmind,while performing cross-nationalcomparisons, that inmany countries custodial staff is in chargeofmultiple institutionalduties, such asvocationaltrainingandeducationactivities.

The part of custodial staff goes from 18.7% in Slovak Republic until 96.9% in Cyprus. Given thisobservation,onemaystatethatthediversityofbreakdownsledtoaverylargedefinitionofwhatshouldbe considered as duty of custodial staff. It is very likely that among personnel there could be peopleperformingmuchmoreactivitiesthanjustactivitiesdirectlyrelatedtoinstitutionalsecurityissues.

OnFigure5alldataaresortedaccordingtothepercentageofcustodialstaff.

Methodologicallimitation:

Forthefollowingthreecountriesonlymergedcategoriesareavailable:

ü InCroatia:mergedcategoriesarestaffresponsibleforeducationactivities+Staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining

ü In Czech Republic & Finland: merged categories are staff responsible for assessment and

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

100%

SlovakRep.

RussianFed.

CzechRep.

Montenegro

Romania

Estonia

Switzerland

BH:Rep.Srpska

Serbia

Croatia

Finland

Spain(StateAdm

.)Slovenia

Spain(Catalonia)

Lithuania

theFYROMacedonia

Netherlands

Greece

Spain(total)

UK:Engl.&Wales

Latvia

Norway

Sweden

Luxembourg

Armenia

Denm

ark

Andorra

Belgium

Ireland

Georgia

UK:North.Ireland

Moldova

Hungary

Portugal

Austria

SanMarino

France

Albania

UK:Scotland

Turkey

Italy

Liechtenstein

Cyprus

%custodialstaff %executives(managers)ofpenalinstitutions

%medicalandparamedicalstaff %staffresponsibleforassessmentandthepsychologists

%staffresponsibleforeducationactivities %staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining

%otherstaff



psychologists+staffresponsibleforeducationactivities.



TABLE16:STAFF(FTE)WORKINGINPENALINSTITUTIONSBUTNOTEMPLOYEDBYTHEPRISONADMINISTRATIONON1STSEPTEMBER2015(NUMBERSANDPERCENTAGES)


Country

Total

numberof

staff

Total%

(sum)

Teachers

and

educators

%Teachers

and

educators

Doctors

and

healthcare

staff

%Doctors

and

healthcare

staff

Security

staffand

perimeter

guards

%Security

staffand

perimeter

guards

Probation

staffand

social

workers

%

Probation

staffand

social

workers

Others %Others

(a) (a.1) (b) (b.1) (c) (c.1) (d) (d.1) (e) (e.1) (f) (f.1)

Albania NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP ***Andorra 15 100 1 6.7 13 86.7 0 0.0 1 6.7 0 0.0Armenia 80 100 10 12.5 14 17.5 NAP NAP NAP NAP 56 70.0Austria 248.43 100 10.53 4.2 161.78 65.1 0 0.0 30 12.1 46.12 18.6Azerbaijan NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***Belgium BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 3 100 NAP *** 3 100.0 NAP *** NAP *** NAP ***Bulgaria NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***Croatia NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***Cyprus 22 100 1 4.5 19 86.4 NAP *** 2 9.1 NAP ***CzechRep. 6 100 NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** 6 100.0Denmark NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***Estonia NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP ***Finland NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***France NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 453 100 60 13.2 NAP NAP NAP NAP 393 86.8 0 0.0Germany 1851.33 100 482.09 26.0 267.46 14.4 61.08 3.3 320.56 17.3 720.14 38.9Greece NA *** NA *** 96 *** 1811 *** 67 *** NA ***Hungary NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***Iceland Ireland 301.23 100 242.73 80.6 15 5.0 0 0.0 43.5 14.4 0 0.0Italy 21 100 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 21 100.0Latvia 237 100 237 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Liechtenstein 5 100 1 20.0 2 40.0 0 0.0 2 40.0 0 0.0Lithuania 514 100 255 49.6 2 0.4 NAP *** 0 0.0 257 50.0



Country

Total

numberof

staff

Total%

(sum)

Teachers

and

educators

%Teachers

and

educators

Doctors

and

healthcare

staff

%Doctors

and

healthcare

staff

Security

staffand

perimeter

guards

%Security

staffand

perimeter

guards

Probation

staffand

social

workers

%

Probation

staffand

social

workers

Others %Others

(a) (a.1) (b) (b.1) (c) (c.1) (d) (d.1) (e) (e.1) (f) (f.1)

Luxembourg 151 100 14 9.3 67 44.4 0 0.0 4 2.6 66 43.7Malta Moldova 212 100 150 70.8 45 21.2 NA NA 17 8.0 NA NAMonaco Montenegro 46 100 0 0.0 7 15.2 36 78.3 0 0.0 3 6.5Netherlands NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP ***Norway 395 100 275 69.6 120 30.4 NAP *** NAP *** 0 0.0Poland Portugal NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP ***Romania 466 100 329 70.6 NAP *** NAP *** 68 14.6 69 14.8RussianFed. NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP ***SanMarino 3 100 0 0.0 1 33.3 0 0.0 1 33.3 1 33.3Serbia 63 100 1 1.6 47 74.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 15 23.8SlovakRep. NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP ***Slovenia NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***Spain(total) NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***Spain(StateAdm.) NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***Spain(Catalonia) 1345 100 152 11.3 293 21.8 700 52.0 0 0.0 200 14.9Sweden NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP ***Switzerland 205 *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***theFYROMacedonia NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP ***Turkey NA *** 2838 *** NA *** NAP *** NAP *** NA ***Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***UK:North.Ireland NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***UK:Scotland 1128 100 132 11.7 642 56.9 NAP NAP 139 12.3 215 19.1Average 26.8 35.8 15.2 14.3 25.4

Median 11.7 26.1 0.0 8.6 14.9

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 100.0 100.0 78.3 86.8 100.0



NOTES–TABLE16

AZERBAIJAN

ü Accordingto the legislation,dataonthepenitentiary institutionstaffAREclassifiedassecretinformation.

GERMANYü Point (f): 220 pastoral care (of which 26 FTE), 217 responsible for prisoner work and

vocational training (of which 72 FTE), 50 kitchen personnel (all of them FTE), 60 cleaningpersonnel(ofwhich17FTE),and167otherstaff(ofwhich32FTE).

IRELANDü Point(b):TeachersandeducatorsarepaidbytheDepartmentofEducation.

LITHUANIA

ü Point (f): 117 technicians (engeneers in charge of the maintenance of medical equipment,employeesworkinginprisoncafeteriasandstores,ect),and40specialistsinvolvedinoffenderworkforcedevelopment.

NORWAYü Point (e): There are no fixed allotments regarding visits by the probation service and no

reliableestimatecanbemade.�ü Point(f):EmployeesfromSocialSecuritymakeasizablecontributionbuttheirworkisnotat

present formalised. Estimates would be unreliable. Their tasks: advising and helping withapplicationsforbenefits,housing,employmentetc.�

SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SPAIN(CATALONIA)

ü Point(f):PersonnelfromtheCenterforReinsertionInitiatives(CIRE).UK:ENGL.&WALES

ü Information about these staff members is not held by prison administration, as they areemployeedbyotherorganisations.



FIGURE7:HIGHESTRATIOSOFINMATESPERONECUSTODIANON1STSEPTEMBER2015

COMMENTSTOTABLE17

ThetotalnumberofinmatesusedinthisTableisbasedonthenon-adjustedfiguresprovidedinTable1.

For Cyprus the total number of inmates corresponds to the number of those held in prison (withoutpolicestations).Thisisduetothefactthatthenumberofstaffisavailableonlyforprisoninstitution.

ManyfigurescalculatedinTable17areestimates,andthereforetheymustbeusedwithcaution.FormoredetailsonthefiguresusedinthisTable,seenotestoTables15to16.

France:ErratatoSPACEI2014-In2014theratioofinmatespercustodianwas2.7(insteadof3.1)andthe ratio of inmates per other staff was 512.6 (instead of 592.1)

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

Bulgaria

Austria

Switzerland

Armenia

Portugal

Spain(Catalonia)

Georgia

Spain(StateAdm

.)

UK:Engl.&Wales

Lithuania

Moldova

Estonia

Serbia

Turkey

Greece

theFYROMacedonia

Romania

Montenegro

CzechRep.

RussianFed.

SlovakRep.

2.9

3.0 3.3 3.4 3.5

3.5 3.6

3.7 3.9 4.0

4.1 4.2

4.3 4.5 5.3 6.4 6.7 7.6

10.0 11.2 12.6

European Mean=3.5EuropeanMedian=2.8



TABLE17:RATIOOFINMATESPERCATEGORIESOFSTAFFON1STSEPTEMBER2015


Country

Totalnumberofinmates(incl.pre-trial

detainees)

Custodialstaff(a)

Ratioinmatesper

custodian

Medicaland

paramedicalstaff(b)

Staffresponsibl

eforassessmentandthepsychologi

sts(c)

Staffresponsibl

eforeducationactivities

(d)

Staffresponsibl

eforworkshops

orvocationaltraining(e)

Sum“other”

(sumfrom(a)to(e)

Ratioinmatesperotherstaff

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Albania 5981 3092 1.9 237 8 140 0 385 15.5Andorra 52 53 1.0 11 0 2 0 13 4.0Armenia 3888 1154 3.4 165 47 32 NAP 244 15.9Austria 9037 3058 3.0 147 61 102 NA 310 29.1Azerbaijan 24197 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 NABelgium 12841 6526 2.0 207 328 28 307 870 14.8BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 877 492 1.8 20 16 70 167 273 3.2Bulgaria 7583 2641 2.9 110 30 153 4 297 25.5Croatia 3341 1569 2.1 126 12 245 0 383 8.7Cyprus 654 381 1.7 0 0 0 7 7 93.4CzechRep. 20866 2090 10.0 455 1268 74 1797 11.6Denmark 3203 2303 1.4 116 NA 123 343 582 5.5Estonia 2768 655 4.2 93 23 27 NAP 143 19.4Finland 3007 1364 2.2 171 208 172 551 5.5France 65544 26153 2.5 NA NA NA 138 138 476.3Georgia 10242 2851 3.6 518 162 NA NA 680 15.1Germany 63628 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 NAGreece 9646 1814 5.3 25 32 NA NA 57 169.2Hungary 17773 6656 2.7 462 402 27 495 1386 12.8Iceland Ireland 3746 2552 1.5 115 16 2 367 500 7.5Italy 52389 35319 1.5 82 28 867 0 977 53.6Latvia 4399 1659 2.7 126 167 34 7 334 13.2Liechtenstein 8 15 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 8.0Lithuania 8022 1987 4.0 277 37 202 10 526 15.3Luxembourg 667 293 2.3 1 4 21 35 62 10.8Malta Moldova 7813 1925 4.1 254 34 125 NA 413 18.9Monaco Montenegro 1100 145 7.6 18 3 18 38 77 14.3Netherlands 9002 5817 1.5 294 101 238 647 1280 7.0Norway 3664 2525 1.5 0 0 0 574 574 6.4Poland Portugal 14222 4081 3.5 0 0 174 0 174 81.7Romania 28642 4273 6.7 671 84 466 32 1253 22.9RussianFed. 642470 57244 11.2 28503 2951 6608 17542 55604 11.6SanMarino 2 5 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 2.0Serbia 10064 2350 4.3 258 277 0 482 1017 9.9SlovakRep. 10087 801 12.6 233 51 295 NAP 579 17.4Slovenia 1399 506 2.8 13 6 67 81 167 8.4Spain(total) 64017 18281 3.5 930 844 1861 700 4335 14.8Spain(StateAdm.) 55085 15082 3.7 930 624 1414 594 3562 15.5Spain(Catalonia) 8932 3199 2.8 0 220 447 106 773 11.6Sweden 5770 4320 1.3 108 29 237 320 694 8.3Switzerland 6884 2102 3.3 267 NA 617 NA 884 7.8theFYROMacedonia 3498 546 6.4 19 36 51 38 144 24.3Turkey 173522 38728 4.5 592 437 563 NA 1592 109.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 86193 21900 3.9 10 1040 0 0 1050 82.1UK:North.Ireland 1690 1359 1.2 3 23 24 4 54 31.5UK:Scotland 7746 3285 2.4 NAP 62 NAP NA 62 124.9Average 3.5 38.4

Median 2.8 14.8

Minimum 0.4 2.0

Maximum 12.6 476.3



List of Tables and Figures CONVENTIONS USED ................................................................................................................................................ 21

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY ........................................................................................................................ 21

A.1. LEGISLATIVE AND OTHER MEASURES WHICH DIRECTLY INFLUENCE TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF PRISONERS .. 26

TABLE 1: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 .................................................................. 34

TABLE 1.1: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF INMATES IN TABLE 1 ............................................. 35

TABLE 1.2: CAPACITY OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (BY CATEGORIES) ................................... 42

FIGURE 1.A: COUNTRIES WITH MORE THAN 100 PRISONERS PER 100 000 INHABITANTS (HIGHEST PRISON POPULATION RATES) ....................................................................................................................................... 47

FIGURE 1.B: COUNTRIES WITH PRISON POPULATION OVERCROWDING (MORE THAN 100 PRISONERS PER 100 PLACES) .......................................................................................................................................................... 47

TABLE 1.3: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPT. 2015: ADJUSTED FIGURES ........................................ 48

TABLE 1.4: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 BY DECREASING PRISON POPULATION RATES (NON-ADJUSTED VERSUS ADJUSTED FIGURES) ...................................................................................... 50

TABLE 1.5: EVOLUTION OF PRISON POPULATIONS BETWEEN 2005 AND 2015 .......................................................... 52

TABLE 1.6: YEAR-TO-YEAR PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF PRISON POPULATION RATES BETWEEN 2014 AND 2015 ....... 54

TABLE 2: AGE AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY ....................................................................................................... 57

TABLE 2.1.: MINORS AND PERSONS AGED 18 AND OVER ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 .................................................. 58

TABLE 2.2: MINORS AMONG INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 .............................................................................. 59

FIGURE 2: COUNTRIES WITH THE YOUNGEST (LESS THAN 34 YEARS) PRISON POPULATION CLASSIFIED BY

DECREASING MEDIAN AGE .............................................................................................................................. 62

TABLE 2.3: AVERAGE AND MEDIAN AGES OF THE PRISON POPULATION ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 ........................... 62

TABLE 3.A: FEMALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 .......................................................................................... 63

TABLE 3.B: MALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 ............................................................................................. 66

TABLE 4: FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 ............................................................................................. 69

TABLE 4.A: ASYLUM SEEKERS AND ILLEGAL ALIENS HELD FOR ADMINISTRATIVE REASONS AMONG FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 .................................................................................................................. 71

TABLE 5: LEGAL STATUS OF PRISON POPULATIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (NUMBERS) ....................................... 73

TABLE 5.1: DETAINEES NOT SERVING A FINAL SENTENCE ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (PERCENTAGES AND RATES) ... 76

TABLE 5.2: DANGEROUS OFFENDERS UNDER SECURITY MEASURES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES) ............................................................................................................................................... 78

TABLE 6: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (NUMBERS) ....... 81

TABLE 6.1: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (PERCENTAGES) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 82



TABLE 7: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (NUMBERS) 87

TABLE 7.1: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (PERCENTAGES) .............................................................................................................................................. 92

TABLE 7.2: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGES) .......................................................................................................................... 93

TABLE 7.3: LENGTHS OF LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (PERCENTAGES) .................................................................................................................. 94

FIGURE 3: COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST PERCENTAGES OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO LESS THAN ONE YEAR ............ 95

TABLE 8: FLOW OF ENTRIES TO PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2014 ................................................................................ 97

TABLE 9: FLOW OF RELEASES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2014 ...................................................................... 101

TABLE 10: TURNOVER RATIO OF INMATES IN 2014 .............................................................................................. 106

FIGURE 4: COUNTRIES WITH LOWEST TURNOVER RATIOS IN 2014 ......................................................................... 108

TABLE 11.A: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2014, BASED ON THE TOTAL NUMBER OF

DAYS SPENT IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ............................................................................................................ 109

TABLE 11.B: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2014, BASED ON THE TOTAL STOCK OF INMATES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 .......................................................................... 112

TABLE 12: ESCAPES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS DURING 2014 ............................................................................. 113

TABLE 13: DEATHS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2014 (BY TYPE OF REGISTERED DEATH) ....................................... 115

TABLE 13.1: SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2014 ........................................................................................ 117

TABLE 13.2: TYPES OF DEATHS AND SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2014 ................................................... 118

FIGURE 5: SUICIDE RATE PER 10 000 INMATES IN 2014 ......................................................................................... 120

TABLE 14: EXPENSES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2014 (IN €) ................................................................................ 121

TABLE 14.A: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE CALCULATION OF CUSTODIAL EXPENSES IN 2014, IN TABLE 14 ...... 123

TABLE 15: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (NUMBERS) ....................................................................................................................... 128

TABLE 15.1: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST

SEPTEMBER 2015 (PERCENTAGES) ................................................................................................................ 132

TABLE 15.2: STAFF WORKING INSIDE PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (PERCENTAGES) ........................................................................................................... 133

FIGURE 6: STAFF WORKING INSIDE PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015, PERCENTAGES ...................... 134

TABLE 16: STAFF (FTE) WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS BUT NOT EMPLOYED BY THE PRISON ADMINISTRATION ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 (NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES) .................................................................................... 136

FIGURE 7: HIGHEST RATIOS OF INMATES PER ONE CUSTODIAN ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 ...................................... 139

TABLE 17: RATIO OF INMATES PER CATEGORIES OF STAFF ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 ............................................. 140

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