COSTA RICA REDD+

program AND VCS

JNR Standard

Introduction

• Costa Rica’s R-PP was approved by the World Bank’s Forest Carbon

Partnership Facility in August 2010.

• Costa Rica’s revised ER-PIN was included in the pipelines of both

Tranche A and Tranche B of the Carbon Fund in March 2013.

• Costa Rica does not plan to allow participation by subnational

jurisdictions.

• The importance of JNR is in the nesting and accounting of projects for

Costa Rica as well as in providing a means for voluntary national

crediting in the pre-regulation period.

• A preliminary REL and MRV plan was reported in the R-PP, but this

should not be viewed as complete or final. Preliminary REL reported in

the R-PP has been reviewed in the ER-PIN.

Scale of the Costa Rica REDD+

program

Type Emission

Reduction

FONAFIFO PES

Program 1997-

2009

(1000 ha)

ER-Program

New Area 2010-

2020

(1000 ha)

REDD+ Program

Total Area

1997-2020

(1000 ha)

Avoided

deforestation (old

growth, and

regeneration)

2181 126 344

Secondary

growth,

reforestation and

agroforestry

60,6 215 275,6

TOTAL 278,6 341,0 619,6

1 Annual Average Area of PESP for period 1997-2009

ER-Program financing plan

Expected Costs Expected Inconme

Cost Millions US

Dollars (%)

Operational and

implementation

costs 217 87% Administrative

cost 24 9%

Other costs 6 2% MRV &

Reference Level 4 1%

Total 250

Income Millions

US

Dollars (%)

Other sources of

income 7 3%

Loans 27 11%

Revenue from sale

of additional

Emission

Reductions (not

yet contracted)

27 11%

Private Funds 42 17%

ERPA Carbon Fund 63 25%

Public Funds 84 34%

Total 250

Costa Rica REDD+ Program: Potential carbon

credits for pre-regulated and voluntary Carbon

Markets

Carbon

Pre-Regulated Market (Millions Ton CO2)

Voluntary Market (Millions Ton CO2)

Total (Millions

Ton

CO2)

Carbon

Fund FCPF

Other buyers Domestic

buyers

International

buyers

1 ER-Program

(2010-2020) 12,6 16,9 29.5

2 Post Bali

(2008-2014) 4,8 25,6 30,4

3

Post

Ecomarkets

( 2014-2020) 23,0 23,0

Total 12,6 16,9 4,8 48,6 82,9

Entities involved in the JNR

Socios

Implementadores

Comunidades

indígenas y

Campesinos Autoridad

Aprobación

Proponente

Jurisdiccional

Uniform methodological framework is critical for

both voluntary and Carbon Fund programs

JNR / FCPF?

FONAFIFO

•CN Programa País

• ER-Program

• PESP

VCS Projects

• Pax Natura

• Secuestro carbono

Nicoya

Learning by doing

6

Expected sale of carbon credits for pre-regulated and

voluntary Carbon Markets (ER-Program 2010-2020)

Carbon

Pre-Regulated Market (Millions Ton CO2)

Voluntary Market (Millions Ton CO2)

Total (Millions

Ton

CO2)

Carbon

Fund FCPF

Other buyers Domestic

buyers

International

buyers

1 ER-Program

(2010-2020) 12,6 - 12,6

2 Post Bali

(2008-2014) 4,8 - 4,8

3

Post

Ecomarkets

( 2014-2020) 0.6 0,6

Total 12,6 - 4,8 0,6 18,0

Costa Rica’s Reference Emission Level and MRV

• Preliminary baseline reported in the R-PP has

been reviewed • Improvements on Costa Rica’s REL was included on revised ER-PIN

document approved by the Carbon Fund (FCPF)

• Expanding the historical reference period

(1990-2010). • Costa Rica’s preliminary REL shown in the R-PP for deforestation

and forest regeneration was proposed using the 2000-2005

historical reference period for land use changes

• Actions are being taken to broaden the historical reference

period to include 1990-2010, as well as increasing the number of

measurements to six in the 20-yr period

• National land use data is available for 1990, 1997, 2000, 2005 and

2010

Costa Rica’s Reference Emission Level and MRV

• Creation of methodologically standardized Land

Cover maps • Additional national maps, built with consistent methodologies,

will be created for 1990, 1997, 2000, 2005 and 2010

• IPCC’s land categorization will be implemented for forest lands

remaining forest lands, forest lands converted to other lands and

other lands converted to forest lands.

• Quality control procedures will be implemented and made

publicly available through the REDD+ strategy consultation

process.

• A consistent forest definition will be used for all maps in the

historical reference period, as well as compatible land

stratifications (definition reported by Costa Rica in CDM

projects).

Costa Rica’s Reference Emission Level and MRV

• Forest degradation • A REL for degradation will be assessed according to available national

data.

• Information on forest fires, illegal logging and forest understory

clearances will be considered.

• Other causes of forest degradation will also be investigated (e.g. grazing in

dry forests)

• Emission factors will be estimated from historical information according to

available national data, and conservative estimates will be employed

• If enough information can be collected of these activities in the historical

reference period, a REL for degradation may be constructed

• Harvested wood products • A REL for HWP will be assessed according to available national data.

Scope of REDD+ Activities

• Activities

• Deforestation and forest degradation

• Enhancement of forest carbon stocks through planting

of native and exotic species and secondary growth

(restoration) in its national REDD+ program.

• Carbon Pools

• Above- and belowground biomass will be accounted for

in all REDD+ activities and strata.

• HWP will added as an additional carbon pool from

forest plantations and managed areas for timber

production

Emission Factors and Uncertainty

• Emission Factors

• Pre-and post- deforestation emission factors will be

obtained from Permanent Sample Plot network

database and scientific literature, but later from the

National Forest Inventory.

• Uncertainty

• activity data and emission factor uncertainty is

propagated as suggested by IPCC (2006).

• A target goal of 20% uncertainty was set.

• LiDAR is to be combined with the national forest

inventory to obtain accurate emission factors

Projecting the Baseline

• Projection of the REL for deforestation and

forest regeneration

• Costa Rica has not developed its baseline yet so in theory

any approach is possible.

• Deforestation and degradation drivers will be identified

and re-assessed in the future in order project REL for

deforestation

• The effect of the program of payments for environmental

services (PPSA) will be assessed from the year 1997 to

date in order to meet the program's impact on

deforestation and regeneration in the historical period

Planned MRV

MRV is based on IPCC’s equation to estimate

emissions and absorptions: activity data * emission

factor

• Scope • Includes deforestation, forest regeneration, forest plantations and

forest degradation.

• Sampling methodology • A continuous national forest inventory is proposed and LiDAR will

be purchased to reduce uncertainty of forest structure estimates

• Estimation of carbon stocks • Above- and belowground biomass carbon is considered.

• Other pools are excluded due to high costs of measurement and

potentially high uncertainties, however a full assessment is

proposed

Planned MRV

• Calculation methodology

• Carbon stock changes according to IPCC (2006), but the

default method (gain-and-loss) is also an option

• Key category analysis

• a key category analysis will be conducted in accordance

with IPCC guidelines to further invest in reducing the

uncertainty

• Periodicity of measurement and reporting:

• It has not been established yet, it could be at least

every 5 years to the Carbon Fund until 2020

• Harvested wood products

• MRV will be designed and implemented to secure

accurate information for HWP

Draft proposal for timing of the submission of the Mid-term Progress Report and the R-Package, and the linkage with the Readiness Preparation activities funded under the Readiness Fund

Fin

al

RED

D

Stra

tegy

Jun 2

014

R-Package

Oct 2

014

ERPD

Subm

ission

Endin

g o

f the

consu

ltatio

n

Apr 2

014

ERPD Development

ERPA

Consultation Process

RL & MRV

SESA/ESMF

Mid

Term

Report

Lette

r of

Inte

nt

Oct 2

013

Mar 2015

GRACIAS

gobando@earth.ac.cr