Cost-Effective Interventions for Juvenile Offenders Dr. Peter W. Greenwood Academy of Experimental...
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![Page 1: Cost-Effective Interventions for Juvenile Offenders Dr. Peter W. Greenwood Academy of Experimental Criminology Association for the Advancement of Evidence-Based.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072011/56649dde5503460f94ad74cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cost-Effective Interventions Cost-Effective Interventions for Juvenile Offendersfor Juvenile Offenders
Dr. Peter W. GreenwoodDr. Peter W. GreenwoodAcademy of Experimental CriminologyAcademy of Experimental Criminology
Association for the Advancement of Evidence-Based Association for the Advancement of Evidence-Based PracticePractice
University of California at IrvineUniversity of California at IrvineVisionQuestVisionQuest
Greenwood & AssociatesGreenwood & Associates
![Page 2: Cost-Effective Interventions for Juvenile Offenders Dr. Peter W. Greenwood Academy of Experimental Criminology Association for the Advancement of Evidence-Based.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072011/56649dde5503460f94ad74cc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Good NewsThe Good News
• There are proven program strategies and models that consistently improve outcomes, when implemented correctly
• They cover full range of child development
• Several pay for themselves, many times over, in reduced corrections costs
![Page 3: Cost-Effective Interventions for Juvenile Offenders Dr. Peter W. Greenwood Academy of Experimental Criminology Association for the Advancement of Evidence-Based.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072011/56649dde5503460f94ad74cc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What WorksWhat Works
• Functional Family Therapy (FFT)• Multi-systemic Therapy (MST)• Treatment Foster Care (TFC)• Nurse-Family Partnerships (NFP)• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)• Aggression Replacement Training (ART)• Program Accountability (QA)
![Page 4: Cost-Effective Interventions for Juvenile Offenders Dr. Peter W. Greenwood Academy of Experimental Criminology Association for the Advancement of Evidence-Based.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072011/56649dde5503460f94ad74cc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Costs & Taxpayer Benefits by Program
$0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000
NFP
PP
SSDP
BBBS
QOP
MTFC
MST
FFT
Costs and Savings
Taxpayer benefits/savings
Cost per youth
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2005 Legislative Direction (ESSB 6094): “Study options to stabilize future prison populations.”
“Study the net short-run and long-run fiscal savings to state and local governments of implementing…
evidence-based treatment human service and corrections programs and policies, including prevention and intervention programs,
sentencing alternatives, and the use of risk factors in sentencing.”
“Project total fiscal impacts under alternative implementation scenarios.”
WSIPP published report in October, 2006 WSIPP published report in October, 2006 2 of 7
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0
1
2
3
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5
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9
10
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1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
*Incarceration Rate
Adult Prison Incarceration Rates:Adult Prison Incarceration Rates:
1930 to 2005
*The incarceration rate is defined as the number of inmates in state prisons per 1,000 18- to 49-year-olds in Washington or the United States.
3 of 7
Forecast for WA
UnitedStates
Washington
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In 2005, crime rates were 26% lower than they were in 1980.
In 1980, taxpayers spent $589 per household on the Criminal Justice System. Today they spend $1,125: a 91% increase.
All Data are for Washington State: 1980 to 2005All Data are for Washington State: 1980 to 2005
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-40%
-20%
0%
+20%
+40%
+60%
+80%
+100%Percent Change Since 1980
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Taxpayer Costs Are Up(Inflation-Adjusted Criminal Justice
Dollars Per Household)
$
$
$$$$ $
$
$$$
$$ $
$ $$
$ $ $
$ $ $ $
Crime Rates and Taxpayer CostsCrime Rates and Taxpayer Costs
2010 2015
?
?
?
?
Crime Rates Are Down (Violent and Property Crimes
Reported to Police, Per 1,000 People)
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Results for Three Example Portfolios of Evidence-Based OptionsResults for Three Example Portfolios of Evidence-Based Options
Long-run benefits minus costs
$1.1 billion $1.7 billion $2.4 billion
Benefit-to-cost ratio $2.45 $2.55 $2.60Return on investment 24% 27% 28%
Crime Rate in 2020 (2005 rate = 52) 48 48 49
Current Level AggressiveModerateTaxpayer Summary Statistics
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
CFC prison forecast and WSIPP extensionForecast with Current Level Portfolio
Forecast with Moderate Implementation PortfolioForecast with Aggressive Implementation Portfolio
Existing Prison Supply& Rented Jail Beds
Prison Supply & Demand in Washington: 2008 to 2030
02008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 20300
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
Prison Beds
Current Prison Bed ForecastCurrent Level Portfolio“Moderate” Expansion Portfolio“Aggressive” Expansion Portfolio
Existing Prison Supply& Rented Jail Beds
2 prison shortfall
3
Annual cost of portfolio $41 million $63 million $85 million
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Expected ChangeIn Crime
(# of EB Studies)
Benefits minus Costs (per-person,
life cycle)
Adult Drug Courts -8.0% (57) $4,767
Education Prms., Prison -7.0% (17) $10,669
Evidence-Based Programs, Crime OutcomesEvidence-Based Programs, Crime Outcomes
Cog-Behavioral Treatment -6.3% (25) $10,299
ISP: surveillance -0.0% (23) -$3,747 ISP: treatment -17.1% (11) $11,563
Family Int. Transitions -13.0% (1) $40,545 Aggression Repl. Trng. -7.3% (4) $14,660 Restorative Justice (low risk) -8.7% (21) $7,067
Adult OffendersAdult Offenders
Juvenile OffendersJuvenile Offenders
Pre-School* (low income) -14.2% (8) $12,196 Nurse Family Partnership* -36.3% (2) $27,105
PreventionPrevention
SelectedSelected Results Results
Functional Family Thpy. -15.9% (7) $31,821
Drug Tx in Prison (TC or out-patient) -5.7% (20) $7,835
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What does this mean for What does this mean for ConnecticutConnecticut
• State has been leader in implementing E-B programs
• Evidence suggests these investments have high pay-off
• But these programs are not available to youth at highest risk
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For further informationFor further information
• Greenwood, P.W., Changing Lives: Delinquency Prevention as Crime Control Policy,, University of Chicago Press (2006)
• Greenwood, P. W. Promising Solutions in Juvenile Justice in Dishion, T. and K. Dodge (eds.) Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth, Guilford Press (2006)
• www.greenwoodassociates.org• [email protected]• www.wsipp.org