Cosmic Adventure Episode 02-02 to 03

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FASTER THAN LIGHT [FTL]Episode 2.02: The Dream of


Then with your help, I will become the first man on earth to build a workable time-machine!


I see. You are so keen on time travelling. But frankly, how will youtravel in time?


Ah hm . . . According to us earthlings, one of the plausible ways to travel in time is by travelling faster than light.That means we have to travel at a higher velocity than 300,000,000 meters per second (186,000 miles per second).


Speed Limit

I know very well that there is a universal speed limit set by Dr. Einstein or his predecessors.But it was he who in the early twentieth century confirmed that the speed of light is the ultimate one in this universe and nothing can travel any faster.

SPEEDLIMIT𝑪𝑪


However why did we say that no one could move faster than the speed of light?Before the age of aviation, people ventured to say that no-one would be able to go faster than sound.But they were proven wrong. We now have jets that can travel three times above the speed of sound.


Now they are talking about that no-one will ever go faster than light. I am confident that someone would one day succeed in flying faster than light, once technology has advanced to that stage.I am lucky here to have a powerful out-of-this-world technological girl with me so that I can overcome the speed limit.

We can break the light barrier as we did with sound.


LIMITED BY ADDITIONAL MASS

Episode 2.03


Einstein did not give any explanation to why there was the limit other than telling us that the limit was suggested by the equation of Special Relativity.

RELATIVISTIC EQUATION OF MASS


Mass Changes with Speed

The Theory of Relativity stipulated that the mass of an object is not a fixed quantity. It varies with its velocity. The faster an object gets, the heavier it will become.


The Relativity Equation for Mass

The mass 𝑚𝑚 of a particle of rest mass 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑜moving with speed 𝑣𝑣 is given by one of the famous relativistic equations on mass:

𝑚𝑚 =𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑜

21 − 𝑣𝑣2

𝑐𝑐2


21 − 𝑣𝑣2

𝑐𝑐2

Mass of particle at rest

Mass (variable) of particle

Velocity (variable) of particle


Mass Proportional to Speed

The energy equation makes it pretty clear why “relativistic mass” increases with velocity.Since the speed of light 𝑐𝑐doesn't change, the mass 𝑚𝑚 should increase as the velocity 𝑣𝑣 gets larger.


21 − 𝑣𝑣2

𝑐𝑐2Variable

Constant

Variable


The Two Ratios

We can move 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑜 to the left side and obtain an equation relating the ratio of 𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑜to that of 𝑣𝑣/𝑐𝑐.If we plot the two ratios against each other in a graph, we will see that the 𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑜 ratio increases dramatically as 𝑣𝑣/𝑐𝑐 is close to 100%.

𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑜

=1

21 − 𝑣𝑣2

𝑐𝑐2


21 − 𝑣𝑣2

𝑐𝑐2


Tota

l mas

s m /

Rest

mas

s 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑜

Velocity (% of speed of light)

1

3

5

7

9

11

0 20 40 60 80 100

𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑜

=1

21 − 𝑣𝑣2

𝑐𝑐2


Infinite Mass

As the speed approaches the speed of light, 𝑣𝑣2/𝑐𝑐2approaches 1 and 1 −𝑣𝑣2/𝑐𝑐2 becomes infinitely small. As a result, the particle's mass approaches infinity.It can be said that until close to the speed of light the object will be so heavy that an infinite amount of energy is needed to make it faster.


21 − 𝑣𝑣2

𝑐𝑐2

Approaches ∞

Approaches 𝑐𝑐


Speed Barrier

Hence it should be impossible to accelerate an object with rest mass to the speed of light.This speed 𝑐𝑐 is therefore sometimes called the “light speed barrier”.

c


Outsider Help

Now is our story.May be with Zyrkonianwisdom, we can do it.

Light at speed 𝑐𝑐

Faster than 𝑐𝑐


I wish to have some sort of explanation or justification from your side - from some of the ingenious touches of your advanced civilization. Let us go ahead and break the Einstein spell.


I know what you mean. But first of all: do you know where did this equation come from?


21 − 𝑣𝑣2

𝑐𝑐2


WHERE DID THE EQUATION COME FROM?To be continued on: Episode 2.04

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𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑜 𝑚𝑚

Cosmic Adventure Episode 02-02 to 03

Science

Transcript of Cosmic Adventure Episode 02-02 to 03