Cosmic abundance (by number)
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PX437 EXOPLANETS
Cosmic abundance (by number)
Element Abundance
(per 100,000)
Common molecules
H 92,700 H2
(He) 7,200
O 50 H20
(Ne) 20
N 15 NH3
C 8 CH4
Si 2Mg2SiO4
Mg 2
Fe 1 Fe3O4
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PX437 EXOPLANETS
Condensation by temperature
Condensation temperature
Materials Examples
1400-1700 KCa Al Ti
compoundsAl2O3 CaTiO3
refractory elements
common elements
1300-1400 K Mg, Si compounds
Mg2SiO4
MgSiO3
1350 K metallic iron alloys
Fe
370 K magnetite Fe3O4
180 K water ice H20volatile
Elements130 K ammonia
hydrateNH3·H20
40-80 K methane, methane ices
CH4
CH4·7H20
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PX437 EXOPLANETS
Migration
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PX437 EXOPLANETS
Elemental abundance (by number)
Universe
Element Abundance
(per 100,000)
H 92,700
(He) 7,200
O 50
(Ne) 20
N 15
C 8
Si 2
Mg 2
Fe 1
Human body
Element Abundance
(per 100,000)
H 60,563
O 25,670
C 10,680
N 2,440
Ca 230
P 130
S 130
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PX437 EXOPLANETS
Carbon-silicate cycle and climate stabilisation
Walker et al. 1981
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PX437 EXOPLANETSHabitable zones
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PX437 EXOPLANETS
Earth spectrum
Selsis
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PX437 EXOPLANETS
Detecting life?
Selsis 2007
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PX437 EXOPLANETS
A search for life on Earth
Sagan et al, 1993, Nature 365, 715
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PX437 EXOPLANETS
Vegetation Red Edge
Sagan et al, 1993, Nature 365, 715
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PX437 EXOPLANETS
Earth transit transmission spectroscopy
Kaltenegger et al 2008
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PX437 EXOPLANETSDarwin, ESA
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PX437 EXOPLANETSDarwin, ESA