COS S TANDARD 14 Trace events of the modern Civil Rights Movement from post-World War II to 1970...
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Transcript of COS S TANDARD 14 Trace events of the modern Civil Rights Movement from post-World War II to 1970...
COS STANDARD 14
Trace events of the modern Civil Rights Movement from post-World War II to 1970 that resulted in social and economic changes, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School, the March on Washington, Freedom Rides, the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing, and the Selma-to-Montgomery March.
TRACING THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT’S INVOLVEMENT IN THE MODERN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, INCLUDING THE ABOLITION OF THE POLL TAX, THE NATIONALIZATION OF STATE MILITIAS, BROWN VERSUS BOARD OF EDUCATION IN 1954, THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACTS OF 1957 AND 1964, AND THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965
EXPLAINING CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS TO THE MODERN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, INCLUDING MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., JAMES MEREDITH, MEDGAR EVERS, THURGOOD MARSHALL, THE SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE (SCLC), THE STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SNCC), THE CONGRESS OF RACIAL EQUALITY (CORE), THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (NAACP), AND THE CIVIL RIGHTS FOOT SOLDIERS
APPRAISING CONTRIBUTIONS OF PERSONS AND EVENTS IN ALABAMA THAT INFLUENCED THE MODERN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, INCLUDING ROSA PARKS, AUTHERINE LUCY, JOHN PATTERSON, GEORGE C. WALLACE, VIVIAN MALONE JONES, FRED SHUTTLESWORTH, THE CHILDREN’S MARCH, AND KEY LOCAL PERSONS
DESCRIBING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BLACK POWER MOVEMENT, INCLUDING THE CHANGE IN FOCUS OF THE SNCC, THE RISE OF MALCOLM X, AND STOKELY CARMICHAEL AND THE BLACK PANTHER MOVEMENT
DESCRIBING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN ENTREPRENEURS ON THE MODERN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, INCLUDING S. B. FULLER AND A. G. GASTON
Chapter 29
MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT
Rosa Parks challenges the segregation of the transportation system
African Americans quickly form organizations and elect a leader to head the bus boycott Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Carpools and walked to
work Rosa Parks' case went
through the court system December 1956:
segregation of buses is unconstitutional
MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT
LITTLE ROCK CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL
September 1957 Little Rock Arkansas 9 African American Students are to
attend Central High School The Governor, Orval Faubus, wants to
be re-elected and stands up for white supremacy.
He ordered National Guard troops to prevent those 9 students from entering the school.
National Guard and an angry mob stop students from registering.
He defied to federal government. Faubus removed the National Guard’s
duty and left the students to the angry mob.
LITTLE ROCK CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL CONTINUED
Beat students and break windows, police escort students away
Eisenhower send in the U. S. Army to put down the angry mob
The students come back to the school
The U. S. Army has to remain at the school for the rest of the year
LITTLE ROCK CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL
LITTLE ROCK CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL
MARCH ON WASHINGTON August 28, 1963 200,000
demonstrators march on Washington D. C.
Sang songs, heard speeches at the Lincoln Memorial
Dr. King gives his “ I Have a Dream” Speech
WASHINGTON D. C.
FREEDOM RIDERS
People who boarded buses; rode all over the Southeast in protest to get more civil rights
Attacked in Montgomery, Alabama JFK suggested they stop; continued to
Mississippi JFK wanted the violence stopped, he made a
deal with Senator James Eastland Eastland needed to prevent the violence and the
Mississippi police could arrest the Freedom Riders No violence, they were arrested
CORE used funds to bail out the freedom riders.
The rides would have to stop unless they found more money Thurgood Marshall and NAACP offer money.
FREEDOM RIDERS CONTINUED
Kennedy refocuses his efforts. Orders the Interstate Commerce Commission to
tighten regulations against segregated bus terminals
Robert Kennedy’s action: Orders the Justice Department to take legal
actions against Southern cities that maintained segregated bus terminals.
By 1962, segregated bus travel had ended.
FREEDOM RIDERS
16TH STREET BOMBING
Birmingham, Alabama
September 15, 1963 Robert Chambliss
placed a box by the steps of the 16th Street Baptist Church
The box exploded killing 4 people: Denise McNair, Addie Mae Collins, Carol Robertson and Cynthia Wesley; injuring 23 others.
16TH STREET BOMBING
SELMA TO MONTGOMERY MARCH Sunday March 7, 1965 Mostly African American people, but few
registered to vote 50 mile march from Selma to Montgomery The protesters approach the Edmund Pettis
Bridge and they kneel to pray. State troopers and deputized citizens rush the
protesters and beat them. appears on TV
Became known as Bloody Sunday 70 hospitalized, more injured Result: Voting Rights Act of 1965
BLOODY SUNDAY
BROWN VERSUS THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA, KANSAS Linda Brown was not
allowed to go to her neighborhood school because of her race
Must attend school across town
Her parents sue May 17, 1954: case
was decided, segregation is unconstitutional in schools
Violated the 14th amendment: equal protection clause
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957
Intended to protect African Americans right to vote
Actually creates a civil rights division within the Justice Department and seeks court injunction against anyone who interfered with the right to vote
Created the US Commission on Civil Rights to investigate allegations of denial of voting rights
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 Made segregation
illegal in most public places
Gave people of all races and nationalities equal access to facilities like restaurants and libraries
More power to force school desegregation and end workplace discrimination (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)
VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 Federal Examiner
will register people to vote
Suspended literacy tests
Turning point of Civil Rights Movement: Segregation is outlawed and new federal laws were put into place to end discrimination and protect voting rights
James Meredith 1st African American
to attend University of Mississippi (Ole Miss)
US Marshals escort to class, riots start, 2 killed
Later transferred to Jackson State College
Medgar Evers NAACP’s 1st field officers
for Mississippi Applied to University of
Mississippi Law School and was denied based on color/race.
Murdered in 1963 because of support in the Civil Rights Movement (just moments after JFK’s speech on Civil Rights)
Thurgood Marshall Attorney Chief Council for the
NAACP 1st African American
Justice in the Supreme Court
Won the Brown v. BOE Court Case
SCLC
• The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
• led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.• challenged the segregation of public
transportation, housing, at the voting booths, and in public accommodations
• set up to eliminate segregation from American society and to encourage African Americans to register to vote.
SNCC Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC) Sit-ins Robert Moses pointed out that rural African
Americans needed help as well When they went South, SNCC volunteers had
their lives threatened and others were beaten. In 1964 three SNCC workers were murdered as
they tried to register African Americans to vote. Fannie Lou Hamner was arrested for trying to
register people to vote. The group led student sit-ins to desegregate
public facilities in Southern communities. Members of the group went to rural areas of the Deep South to register African Americans to vote.
CORE
In Chicago 1942, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) was founded.
CORE used sit-ins as a form of protest against segregation and discrimination.
In 1943 CORE used sit-ins to protest segregation in restaurants.
These sit-ins resulted in the integration of many restaurants, theaters, and other public facilities in Chicago, Detroit, Denver, and Syracuse.
Freedom Riders
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
had supported court cases trying to overturn segregation since 1909.
It provided financial support and lawyers to African Americans.
Autherine Lucy and Vivian Malone
1st African American woman to attend the University of Alabama in 1956
1st African American Woman to enroll and graduate from the University of Alabama
James Hood
John Patterson and George Wallace
Governor of Alabama Did not support Freedom
Riders with police protection
Governor of Alabama Blocks two African
American students from attending school at the University of Alabama
Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth
Civil Rights leader from Birmingham, Alabama
Established Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights in 1956
Secretary of SCLC, later became president of SCLC
Joined CORE’s Freedom Riders
Malcolm X Symbol: Black Power movement member of the Nation of Islam
AKA Black Muslims believed that African
Americans should separate themselves from whites and form their own self-governing communities
broke from the Nation of Islam and began to believe an integrated society was possible
In 1965, 3 members of the Nation of Islam killed Malcolm X.
Remembered for: African Americans had been victims in the past, they did not have to allow racism to victimize them now.
Stokley Carmichael SNCC leader control the social,
political, and economic direction of their struggle for equality
Black power stressed pride in the African American culture and opposed cultural assimilation, or the philosophy of incorporating different racial or cultural groups into the dominant society.
S. B. Fuller and A. G. Gaston Businessman from
Birmingham, Alabama Offered money to help
Alabamians in Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights Activist in Alabama
Fred Shuttlesworth MLK Jr.
American Businessman NAACP