COS 125 DAY 7. Agenda Quiz Graded 3 A’s, 4 B’s, 1 C, & 1 D Any questions from the quiz? Next...
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Transcript of COS 125 DAY 7. Agenda Quiz Graded 3 A’s, 4 B’s, 1 C, & 1 D Any questions from the quiz? Next...
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COS 125
DAY 7
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Agenda
Quiz Graded 3 A’s, 4 B’s, 1 C, & 1 D Any questions from the quiz? Next Quiz is Feb 26 over the rest of HITW test
Questions from last Class?? Assignment #2 Due
Problems? Capstone Projects Proposals Due Today we will discuss Common Internet Tools and
Multimedia on the Internet We will complete the HITW text in the next week and then
concentrate on Web Design (Castro text) for the rest of the semester
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Objectives
Using Common Internet tools How Internet searching Woks How Google works How Map Sites Work Hoe Wikis work How Telnet works How File Compression works How Internet Searching works How agents work How Java, ActiveX, and JavaScript Work
Enjoying Entertainment and Multimedia on the Internet How Music and Audio work on the Internet The infamous MP3 file
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How Search Engines Work
The Web contains billions of pages. Impossible to search the entire Web every time someone types in a search
term.
Search engines do the searching up to a month in advance + store the results in a huge database.
They send automatic programs called spiders out on the Web to build up a massive index or database of all the words found, where they were found, how many times they appear on each page, and so on.
When users type in a search term, this is the database that is actually queried.
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Search Engine
Search Engine
Database
Spider
Spider
Spider
user
Web site
Web site
Web site
Spiders crawlWeb sites up toa month in advancegathering keywords
Keywords areindexed notingtheir location onthe page andfrequency of appearance
User enterssearch term
Search enginescans database tofind the search term
1
4
3
2
Exhibit 4 - 1 How Search Engines Work
How Search Engines Work
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How Search Engines Work
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But how does the search engine define relevance?
The spider:Counts words, Looks for the location of those words on the page, Avoids sites that attempt to trick them by repeating words
many times in a row.
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How Internet Searching Works
3 Basic types Indexes
www.yahoo.comwww.dmoz.org
Search Engineswww.google.com
Meta Search Engineswww.mamma.comhttp://www.metacrawler.com/
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How Meta-Search Engines Work
Uses Internet agentsSoftware bots (short for robots) that do the
work for youBots “go” the other search engines like
google.com and yahoo.com, run the search and “bring” the results back to you
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But how does the search engine define relevance?
Relying on user behavior to form its rankings. Google ranks sites according to how many links point to the site from other Web sites.
Challenge: Get sites to appear high in the search engine rankings.
Solution: Specialized companies study the search
engines algorithms for ranking pages.
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How the Googlebot works
Crawls WebPages & Downloads entire pages to Google’s Doc servers Finds all links & crawls them as wellDetermines update cycle and determines
next crawl for web pageIndexer servers reads all pages on docs
servers and creates and index and page ranks the sites
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Googlebot footprints
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How Google works
http://www.googleguide.com/
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what Googles knows
Search History Reads Gmail Google Desktop reads hard drive Google products (froogle) learns your
shopping patterns Google Maps knows where you are going Google toolbars knows about all your Internet
activity
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How map sites work
Combination maps and Databases Databases update by GPS researchers
Lat and long fixes on map coordinate grid User searches databases
Mapping software gets lat and long Finds correct map Marks location on map
Routing on point to another Based on complicated algorithms, most use “best
fit” methods not guaranteed to be optimal
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How Wikis work
Collections of user created (and edited) informationCommunity based knowledge repository
Wikipedia is the largest and best known Wiki WikiquoteWikiSpecies
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wiki.htm
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How Telnet Works
Used for remote loginsAllows you to run commands just as you
were on that remote computer’s keyboardRequires
Telnet server (remote machine)Telnet client (you!)
Works mostly for UNIX and LINUX Windows NT and 2000 has limited server
support
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Example
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How File Compression Works
Many file transferred over the internet are compressed Takes a larger files and makes a smaller one from it Some Files can be expanded to original after it is
received Windows
.zip .arj
Macs .sit .hqx
UNIX .gz .z
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How File Compression Works
Method one (lossless) Look for Redundancies in the file and replace with
tokens that are smaller than the redundant areas Works great for text based files
Example for a text file Replace “the” with t1 or T1 Replace “there” with t2 or T2 Replace “that” with t3 or T3 Of course you have to be able to handle an occurrence of the
token in the original file Place after ~ … t1 become ~t1
Lossless for audio FLAC (2-3:1)
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How File Compression Works
Method (Lossy)Removes detail to reduce file sizeCannot recreate originalUsually used for Graphics
jpegmpeg
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Example lossy using jpeg
275KB
95 KB
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How Internet Agents works
“Intelligent” pieces of software that act in your interest Many are invisible to the users
Uses Good
Searching for info Shopping Web Site Maintenance
Bad Distributed Denial of Service attacks Cyber terrorism
http://www.botspot.com/
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Controlling Bots on your web site
Place a Robots.txt file in your web server Bots are to read and follow directions The "/robots.txt" file usually contains a record
looking like this: User-agent: * Disallow: /cgi-bin/ Disallow: /tmp/ Disallow: /~joe/
Part of the Robots Exclusion Protocol http://www.robotstxt.org/wc/exclusion-admin.html
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JAVA Applets
Creation Code Compile to byte-code Insert into web page
<applet code=“applet.class” width=200 height=200> <param name=“something” value=“somethingnew”></applet>
Can be in <head></head> or <body></body>
Http://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/samples/japplet.htmHttp://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/samples/colorchecker.html
http://www.javafile.com/
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JavaScript
Interpretive version of JAVA Brings Dynamic capabilities to HTML<script language=“JavaScript”><!-- (html comment)Lines of script code…. --></script>
Can be in <head></head> or <body></body>
http://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/samples/Black Jack.htmhttp://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/samples/colorpicker.htm
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ActiveX Controls
Only works with Microsoft Browsers on Microsoft operating systems
Allows HTML code to use a application on the PC through Microsoft COM (Component Object Model) model
Require the CLASSID for the application you wish to use
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Using the Microsoft Media Player through ActiveX
<OBJECT ID="WindowsMediaPlayer1" WIDTH=400 HEIGHT=300
CLASSID="CLSID:6BF52A52-394A-11D3-B153-00C04F79FAA6">
<PARAM NAME="URL" VALUE="roya.mpeg"> <PARAM NAME="rate" VALUE="1"> … (more PARAM) <PARAM NAME="_cy" VALUE="10583"> </OBJECT>
http://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/samples/activeX.htm
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Multimedia and the Internet
Everything that has been done with audio and video can be replicated on the Internet Radio TV Film
The Internet brings more “life” to audio and video Interactivity Combining multiple formats together Virtual reality First person simulations
Downside Need lots of bandwidth Allows for dysfunctional social behaviors
Escapism Social Withdrawal
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Music and Audio on the Internet
Download audio files and play them .wav .mp3 .wma .au
Most browser can play most audio files Plug-ins Helper applications
Popular Audio Players Winamp Windows Media Player Realplayer
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Problems with Multimedia files downloads
Audio and video files tend to be very largeSlow to downloadCan take longer to download the file than it
takes to play the files, especially over a dial up connection
One way to over come this problem is to “stream” the files
Streaming Demo
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Video and Audio Streaming
Streaming is playing and downloading a file at the same timeAs soon as enough of the file has been
downloaded..the applications will begin to pay the file amd hope the rest gets there in time
Most Popular of these technologies is RealPlayer
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Internet Radio
Many traditional radio station have started to broadcast over the Internet Larger audience increases ad revenue potential http://www.radio-locator.com/ http://www.live365.com/index.live
New Internet only Radio stations Netscape radio http://www.shoutcast.com/ http://www.pandora.com/?tc=g-036843-0156-1149
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How MP3’s are created
An MP3 file is a compressed digital music file (about 10-1 compression)
Deletes sounds you can’t hearAffects quality
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The MP3 Cycle
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Making your own MP3
You need a MP3 RipperCompresses the digital audio (usually a CD
audio track) and encodes in MP3 formatThere are issues with copyright
violations if you rip copyrighted material and then distribute them
This has created a major controversy and brought an end to many music sharing applications like Napster
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For next class
Read through to Chap 43 (page 296)Think about Free Music File Sharing. Is it
Legal?Moral?Ethical?Be prepared to define your thoughts