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CorticosteroidsEffects andSide Effects

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Corticosteroids are 21 carbon compounds which aresynthesized in adrenal cortical cells from cholestrol

Corticoids: -

Mineralocorticoids(Aldosterone)

Glucocorticoids (Hydrocortisone)

Androgens (Testosterone)

oCorticosteroids are synthesized under the influenceof ACTH which is primarily synthesized fromanterior pituitary.

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2)Fat metabolism:

Promote lipolysis

Breakdown of triglycerides

Re-distribution of body fat

3)Calcium metabolism :Decreased formation of osteoid

Increased resorption of bones

4)Water excretion :

Maintainance of normal glomerular filtration rate

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5)Cardiovascular system:

Restrict capillary permeability

Maintain tone of arterioles

Myocardial contractility

Permissive role in development of hypertension

6)Skeletal Muscles:

Hypocorticism:diminished work capacity andweakness

Hypercorticism->Hypokalemia

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8)Lymphoid tissue and blood cells:

Enhances the rate of destruction oflymphoid cells

Increased number of RBCs,Platelets andneutrophils

Decrease lymphocyte,Eosinophils,Basophil

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9)Inflammatory responses:

Reduction of increased capillarypermeability, local exudation, cellularinfiltration, phagocytic activity, capillary

proliferation, collagen deposition,fibroblastic activity

The cardinal signs of inflammation are

supressed

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10)Immunological and allergic responses :

Suppress all types of hypersensitization

and allergic phenomenon

Suppression of recruitment of leucocytesSuppression of cell mediated immunity

Inhibition of IL-1 release from macrophage

Inhibition of IL-2 formation andsuppression of natural killer cells

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Adverse effects of Glucocorticoids:

Cushing Habitus

Fragile skin,Purple straie

Hyperglycemia

Proximal myopathy

Susceptibility to infections

Delayed wound healing

Peptic ulceration

Osteoporosis

Post Sub-capsular cataract

Glaucoma

Growth Retardation

Fetal abnormalities

Psychiatric disturbances

Suppression HPA axis

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Thank you