CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche.
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Transcript of CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche.
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CORE RS 08The Blood
FunctionsComponents
Formation of blood cells
Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche
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Functions of Blood Transportation
O2, nutrients, waste, hormones, heat
Regulation—maintain homeostasis of body fluids Regulate pH, body temperature, maintain fluid
volume Protection
Clotting prevents loss of fluids White blood cells protect against disease Blood proteins protect against disease
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Physical characteristics and volume Salty and metallic tasting More dense than water Slightly alkaline, pH between 7.35 and 7.45 Temperature ~ 38o C or 100.4o F Makes up 8% of body weight Volume in adult males is 5-6 L and in
females 4-5 L
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Blood components Blood plasma 55% Formed elements 45%
RBCs—measurement is hematocrit
Leukocytes and platelets
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Blood plasma Includes over 100 different dissolved
solutes
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Formed elements
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Erythrocyte structure Flexible structure, large surface
area Lack a nucleus and other
organelles. 33% of weight is hemoglobin
molecules. Other proteins include
antioxidants and those to maintain RBC shape (spectrin)
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Erythrocyte function Dedicated to carry respiratory gas
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Hematopoiesis Occurs in the red bone marrow in reticular
connective tissue next to blood sinusoids Arises from pleuripotent hemocytoblast. Appearance of receptors that respond to
hormones leads to specialization. Erythropoeitin initiates erythropoiesis
15 days
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Regulation of RBCs
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Dietary needs to produce RBCs Iron, AAs, lipids, and carbohydrates. Iron is absorbed from the diet
65% found in hemoglobin The rest stored in liver, spleen and bone marrow
Iron is toxic and requires transferrin as a transporter
Some iron is lost in feces and menstrual blood
Vitamin B12 and folic acid are necessary for DNA synthesis
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Fate and death of RBCs RBCs have a lifespan of 100 to 120 days Age makes them less flexible and the
hemoglobin begins to degenerate. Old RBCs get trapped in the small
capillaries of the spleen Macrophages destroy and digest RBCs
Heme and globin are separated Globin broken down into AAs Haptoglobin captures hemoglobin in plasma
that escapes from RBCs
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Erythrocyte disorders Anemias
Low hematocrit Low hemoglobin content Abnormal hemoglobin
Thalassemias Sickle-cell anemia
Polycythemia Polycythemia vera Secondary polycythemia
Blood doping
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Leukocytes or White Blood Cells
WBCs have a nucleus and other organelles.
WBCs can emigrate--slip out of blood vessels.
When out of the blood stream the WBC moves using amoeboid motion.
Use chemical chemotaxis to follow trail to infection or damaged tissue.
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Leukocytes
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Types of WBCs: Granular leukocytes Neutrophils—multilobed nucleus,
inconspicuous granules Eosinophils—bilobed nucleus, red granules Basophils—lobed nucleus, purple-black
cytoplasmic granules
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Types of WBCs: Agranular leukocytes
Lymphocyte—nucleus spherical or indented, pale blue cytoplasm
Monocytes—nucleus U or kidney shaped, gray-blue cytoplasm
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Production of leukocytes Leukopoiesis is stimulated by interleukins
and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) Pluripotent stem cells have the capacity to
differentiate into several types of cells. Myeloid stem cells Lymphoid stem cell
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Leukocyte disorders Leukopenia—low WBC count Leukemia—unchecked growth of a single
unspecialized clone Acute leukemia occurs if it derives from blast-type
cells Chronic leukemia occurs if it derives from later
stages Bone marrow is compromised and defense system
becomes nonfunctional Infectious mononucleosis derives from
excessive numbers of agranulocytes (Epstein-Barr virus)
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Platelets Under the influence of thrombopoietin,
myeloid stem cells develop into megakaryocytes (huge cells).
These cells fragment into 2-3K particles. They have a very short life of 5- 9 days.
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Watch
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1.- Ataque bacteriano. ¿Quién aumenta?
a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Linfocitosd) Plaquetas
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2.- Virus entrando a sangre. ¿Quién aumenta?
a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Linfocitosd) Plaquetas
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3.- Ataque de asma. ¿Quién aumenta?
a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Linfocitosd) Plaquetas
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4.- Liberan anticuerpos:
a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Linfocitos Bd) Linfocitos T
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5.- Giardias en el duodeno. Aumentan:
a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Linfocitos Bd) Linfocitos T
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6.- Polimorfonucleares:
a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Basófilosd) Monocitos
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7.- Agranulares (2 respuestas):
a) Polimorfonuclearesb) Linfocitosc) Basófilosd) Monocitos
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8.- Contienen Hemoglobina:
a) Polimorfonuclearesb) Linfocitosc) Hematíesd) Monocitos
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9.- Ricos en Hierro:
a) Polimorfonuclearesb) Linfocitosc) Hematíesd) Monocitos
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10.- Se forman a partir de células madres pluripotenciarias:
a) Leucocitosb) Plaquetasc) Hematíesd) Eosinófilose) Todos
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11.- Madre Rh-. Para que ocurra eritroblastosis fetal: (2 resp.)
a) Padre Rh-b) Padre Rh+c) A partir de la segunda
gestación.
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12.- Vive 120 días y después lo destruye el hígado o el bazo:
a) Tipo A+b) Tipo AB+c) Eritrocitosd) Tipo O-
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13.- Valores normales de leucocitos:
a) 5.000.000 /mm3
b) 250.000 a 400.000 /mm3
c) 4.500 a 10.000 /mm3
d) 4.800 a 12.500 /mm3
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14.- El plasma tiene en su composición las plaquetas:
a) Verdaderob) Falso
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15.- Algunas de las proteínas plasmáticas activan la coagulación:
a) Verdaderob) Falso
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AnswersQ A Q A
1 A 9 C
2 C 10 E
3 B 11 B y D
4 C 12 C
5 B 13 C
6 A 14 B
7 B y D
15 A
8 C
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Click en los enlaces para ejercicios adicionales Blood Questions 1http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy_archive/wa_cvs/wa_blood_elements1.htm
Blood Questions 2http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy_archive/wa_cvs/wa_cvs_blood_2.htm
Blood Questions 3http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy_archive/wa_cvs/wa_cvs_blood_3.htm
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Quiz
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1.- La proteína plasmática que participa en inmunidad:
a) Fibrinógenob) Albúminac) Inmunoglobulinas
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2.- Albúmina:
a) Tensión coloidosmótica del plasma.
b) Se excreta por la orina como desecho
c) La fabrican los glóbulos rojos
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3.- Soluto que está adjunto a los leucocitos:
a) Clorurob) Potasioc) Sodiod) Ninguno
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4.- Paciente O+:
a) Donante universalb) Recibe de O+ y de O-c) Le sirve a cualquier
grupo.
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5.- ¿Dónde se producen las células sanguíneas?
_______________________________
_______________________________
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6.- ¿Qué células se producen en cada proceso?
Hematopoeisis: ________ Eritropoiesis: __________ Trombopoiesis: ________ Leucopoiesis: _________
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7.- Dónde se fabrica cada una de estas células?Escriba un 1 a Médula Ósea y un 2 a Tejido linfático.
__ monocitos __ neutrófilos __ glóbulos rojos __ plaquetas __ linfocitos B
__ eosinófilos __ linfocitos T __ glóbulos blancos __ basófilos __ megacariocitos
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8.- Marque con una X los componentes del plasma:
__ cloro __ nicotina __ fibrinógeno __ Vit K __ hormonas
__ eosinófilos __ linfocitos T __ hierro __ agua __ trombocitos
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9.- Marque con una X las incorrectas:
__ Las proteínas del plasma provienen de la dieta. __ Los factores de coagulación participan en las defensas. __ Los eritrocitos tienen hierro en su interior. __ Los eritrocitos carecen de núcleo. __ Una eritroblastocis requiere cambio de sangre.
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10.- ¿Qué tipo de sangre puede transfundirse a?:
A) Un paciente O-
B) Un paciente B+
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11.- Tenemos una pinta de sangre AB-. ¿A quién podría ser transfundida?
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12.- Un paciente con sangre B- recibe una transfusión de sangre O+. ¿Qué ocurre? ¿Por qué?