Core Java - Demo

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INTRODUCTION TO

JAVA


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1stGENERATION LANGUAGE

FEATURES :

It is known as Machine Language. It uses the Binary Language ( i.e, strings of 0s

and 1s)

Since the language is directly understandable tothe m/c, it is not in need of anyTranslator.


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DRAWBACKS :

Absolutely no readability to the programmers

Lot of complexity in the programming

Error debugging is very difficult

Purely depends on m/c architecture

Not a suitable language for all kinds ofApplications Designing


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2nd

GENERATION LANGUAGE

FEATURES :

It is known asASSEMBLY LANGUAGE. Symbolic codes are used as instructions.

They are English-like shortcut words which are

not directly understandable to the m/c. Hence, they need aTranslator, called

Assembler.


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ADVANTAGES :

To some extent, readability is increased

Complexity is reduced

Error debugging is made easier

DISADVANTAGES :

Purely depending on the m/c architecture Not suitable for all kinds of Applications

Designing


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The first two generation languages are known asLOW LEVEL LANGUAGES, since they havedirect interaction with the m/c parts.


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3rd

GENERATION LANGUAGE

FEATURES :

Purely independent of m/c architecture. More meaningful English-like words are used as

instructions.

Hence, they are in need of translators likeCompilers & Interpreters.


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ADVANTAGES :

More readability and less visible complexity

Error debugging is very easy

Coding flexibility is very high

Programs have high portability

Suitable for all kinds of applications designing

Some of the 3GLs are :PASCAL,COBOL,FORTRAN,C etc.,.


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4th

GENERATION LANGUAGE

Treated as Database Languages.

There are TWO types of Database Languages:

Non-procedural Languages

Procedural Languages

In case of Non-procedural Languages, it isenough to saywhat we want to have,but it is

not required to say how to do it.SQL is a standard Non-procedural

Language.


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In case of Procedural Language, it is required tosaywhat we want to have and how to do it.

The procedural languages change from softwareto software.

For example, PL/SQL is the procedurallanguage in Oracle; VBA is the procedurallanguage in MS-Access.


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5th

GENERATION LANGUAGE

The initial development of 5GLs is Object basedprogramming languages.

The next development to that is Object orientedprogramming languages.

OBPL = Encapsulation + Object IdentityOOPL = OBPL + Inheritance + Polymorphism


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In these two cases, the programming will bedone in terms of objects.

Objectis a physical entity which will have itsown state, unique identity and the behavior.

The state & identity of an object are specifiedwith the properties of it.

The behavior of an object is specified with the

operations done by it.

Properties are the data items & Operations

are the subprograms.


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Javas Lineage:

Java is related to C++, which is a directdescendent of C.

Much of the character of Java is inherited fromthese two languages.

From C, Java derives its syntax.

Many of Javas object-oriented features wereinfluenced by C++.


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The Creation of Java :

Java was conceived by James Gosling, PatrickNaughton, Chris Warth, Ed Frank, and MikeSheridan at SUN MICROSYSTEMS, Inc. in1991.

This language was initially named as Oak, byGosling,after an oak tree outside his window atSun.

When a group of Sun people visited a localcoffee shop, the name Javawas suggested.


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The primary motivation to develop Java was theneed for a platform-independent language that

could be used to create software to beembedded in various consumer electronicdevices, such as microwave ovens and remote

controls.About the time that the details of Java were

being worked out, a second, and ultimately more

important, factor was emerging that now plays acrucial role, theWorld Wide Web.


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Importance of Java to the Internet :

Java has a profound effect on the Internet.The reason for this is quite simple : Java expands

the universe of objects that can move about

freely in cyberspace. In a network, two very broad categories of

objects are transmitted between the server and

our personal computer :passive informationand dynamic, active programs.


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Java can be used to create two types ofprograms : applications and applets.

An applicationis a program that runs on ourcomputer, under the operating system of thatcomputer.

An appletis an application designed to betransmitted over the Internet and executed by aJava-compatible Web browser.

Java is able to address the two fundamental

problems associated with the applets :security and portability


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The key that allows Java to solve both thesecurity and the portability problems is that the

output of a Java program is not executable code.Rather, it is bytecode.

Bytecodeis a highly optimized set of

instructions designed to be executed by the Javarun-time system, which is called theJava VirtualMachine (JVM).

JVM is an interpreter for bytecode.Just In Time (JIT) is the compiler for bytecode.

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