Working Report 2002-09

Core drilling of deep borehole Ol-KR 16 at Olkiluoto in Eurajoki 2001

Risto Niinimaki

. February 2002

POSIVA OY

Toolonkatu 4, FIN-001 00 HELSINKI, FINLAND

Tel. +358-9-2280 30

Fax +358-9-2280 3719

TEKIJA­ORGANISAATIO:

TILAAJA:

TILAAJAN YHDYSHENKD...l) :

URAKOITSIJAN YHDYSHENKILO :

RAPORTTI:

TEKIJA:

TARKASTAJA :

SUOMEN MALMI OY PL 10 Juvan teollisuuskatu 16-18 02921 ESPOO

POSIVA OY T oolonkatu 4 00100 HELSINKI

_3,

zz_, ~-02-/ /dtt DI Heikki Hinkkanen Posiva Oy

FM Tauno Rautio Smoy

WORKING REPORT 2002-09

CORE DRILLING OF DEEP BOREHOLE OL-KR16 AT OLKILUOTO IN EURAJOKl 2001

~-YL52---s== Risto Niinimaki Geologi, Smoy

T---o ~b Tauno Rautio Geologi, Smoy

Working Report 2002-09

Core drilling of deep borehole OL -KR 16 at Olkiluoto in Eurajoki 2001

Risto Niinimaki

February 2002

----------------------------------------------------------------- - ---

Working Report 2002-09

Core drilling of deep borehole OL -KR 16 at Olkiluoto in Eurajoki 2001

Risto Niinimaki

Suomen Malmi Oy

February 2002

Maps: ©Maanmittauslaitos permission 41 /MYY/02

Working Reports contain information on work in progress

or pending completion .

The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report

are those of author(s) and do not necessarily

coincide with those of Posiva.

CORE DRILLING OF DEEP BOREHOLE OL-KR16 AT OLKILUOTO IN .

EURAJOKI 2001

ABSTRACT

Posiva Oy submitted an application for the Decision in Principle to the Finnish

Government in May 1999. A positive decision was made at the end of 2000 by the

Government. The Finnish Parliament ratified the Decision in Principle on the final

disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel at Olkiluoto, Eurajoki in May 2001. The decision

makes it possible for Posiva to focus the confirming bedrock investigations at Olkiluoto,

where in the next few years an underground rock characterisation facility, ONKALO,

will be constructed. As a part of the investigations Suomen Malmi Oy (Smoy) core

drilled 170.20 m and 45.20 m deep boreholes with a diameter of 76 mm at Olkiluoto in

October -November 2001. The identification numbers of the boreholes are OL-KR16

and OL-KR16B, respectively.

A set of monitoring measurements and samplings from the drilling and returning water

were carried out during the drilling. Both the volume and the electric conductivity of the

drilling water and the returning water were recorded as well as the pressure of the

drilling water. The objective of these measurements was to obtain more information

about bedrock and groundwater properties. Uranine was used as a label agent in the

drilling water. The volume of the used drilling water was about 89 m3 and the measured

volume of the returning water was about 55 m3. At the end of the work the boreholes

were flushed by pumping about 7 m3 of water from the bottom of boreholes.

The deviation of the boreholes was measured with the deviation measuring instrument

EZ-Shot. Additionally inclination was measured separately with an inclination measuring

instrument. The results of the EZ-Shot measurements indicate that borehole OL-KR16

deviates 6.79 m in the direction of350° and 0.15 m up at the borehole depth of 168 m and

borehole OL-KR16B deviates 0.53 m in the direction of 143° at the borehole depth of 45

m. U niaxial compressive strength, Young's Modulus and Poisson' s ratio were measured

from the core samples. The average uniaxial compressive strength is about 151 MPa, the

average Young's modulus is 50 GPa and average Poisson's ratio is 0.21. The main rock

types are migmatitic micagneiss and granite. Filled fractures dominate. The average

fracture frequency is 2.63 pc/m in borehole OL-KR16 and 2.24 pc/m in borehole OL­

KR16B. The average RQD is 94.5% in borehole OL-KR16 and 95.7% in borehole OL­

KR16B. No fracture zones were penetrated by boreholes.

Keywords : core drilling, borehole, micagneiss, granite, fracture, monitoring

measurements, elastic parameters, deviation measurements.

SYVAKAIRAUS OL-KR16 EURAJOEN OLKILUODOSSA VUONNA 2001

TITVISTELMA

Posiva Oy jatti valtioneuvostolle vuonna 1999 periaatepaatoshakemuksen, jolla se haki

lupaa rakentaa kaytetyn ydinpolttoaineen loppusijoituslaitos Eurajoen Olkiluotoon.

Periaatepaatoshakemuksen mukaisesti paikkatutkimukset keskitetaan Olkiluotoon.

Joulukuussa 2000 valtioneuvosto teki asiasta myonteisen paatoksen. Toukokuussa 2001

eduskunta vahvisti valtioneuvoston paatoksen.

Syksylla 2001 tehdyilla tutkimuksilla hankittiin tietoa ONKALON sisaanmenopaikaksi

suunnitellulta alueelta. Tutkimuksiin liittyen Suomen Malmi Oy kairasi marraskuussa

2001 170,20 m ja 45 ,20 m pituiset tutkimusreiat OL-KR16 ja OL-KR16B Eurajoen

Olkiluodossa. Reikien halkaisijat ovat 76 mm.

Kairauksien aikana suoritettiin tarkkailumittauksia lisainformaation saamiseksi kallio-olo­

suhteista. Mittauksia olivat veden sahkonjohtokyvyn ja huuhteluveden paineen mittaukset

ja huuhteluveden/palautuvan veden maaran mittaus. Kairauksiin kaytettiin uraniinilla

merkittya huuhteluvetta noin 89 m3. Tyon aikana vetta palautui rei ' ista maaramittarin

kautta no in 55 m3. Tyon lopuksi pumpattiin no in 7 m3 vetta reikien pohjalta. Reikien

sivupoikkeama ja taipuma mitattiin EZ-Shot -mittarilla. Reikien kaltevuus mitattiin lisaksi

kaltevuusmittarilla. EZ-Shot -mittauksen mukaan reian OL-KR16 taipuma on 168 m:n

reikasyvyydessa suuntaan 350° 6,79 mja ylospain 0,15 mja reian OL-KR16B taipuma on

45 m:n reikasyvyydessa suuntaan 143° 0,53 m.

Kallionaytteista maaritettiin yksiaksiaalinen puristusmurtolujuus, kimmomoduli ja

Poissonin luku. Yksiaksiaalinen puristusmurtolujuus oli keskimaarin noin 151 MPa,

kimmomoduli oli keskimaarin no in 50 GP a ja Poissonin luku 0,21 .

Kivilajeina esiintyivat migmatiittinen kiillegneissi ja graniitti. Rakoilusta taytteiset raot

ovat hallitsevia. Kallion rakoluku on reiassa OL-KR16 keskimaarin 2,63 kpl/m ja reiassa

OL-KR16B 2,24 kpl/m. Vastaavasti RQD-luku on reiassa OL-KR16 keskimaarin 94,5%

ja reiassa OL-KR16B 95,7 %. Rikkonaisia tihearakoisia osuuksia ei lavistetty

kummassakaan reiassa.

A vainsanat: kairaus, kairanreika, migmatiittinen kiillegneissi, graniitti, rako,

tarkkailumittaukset, muodonmuutosominaisuudet, sivusuuntamittaus

1

CORE DRILLING OF DEEP BOREHOLE OL-KR16 AT OLKILUOTO IN EURAJOKI

2001

ABSTRACT

TIIVISTELMA

CONTENTS

l . INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Scope of the work

2. WORK DESCRIPTION 2.1 Diamond core drilling 2.2 Drilling water and the use of label agent 2.3 Monitoring measurements 2.4 Deviation surveys 2.5 Flushing of the borehole 2.6 Engineering geological logging 2. 7 Rock mechanical tests on core samples

3. TECHNICAL DEI AILS OF THE BOREHOLES 3 .1 Location and deviation 3.2 Structure of the upper part of the borehole

4. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY 4.1 The effects of drilling to the satnple quality 4.2 Rock quality 4.3 Fracturing 4. 4 Core discing 4.5 Strength and elastic properties

5. MON1TORING RESULTS 5.1 Electric conductivity of drilling and returning water 5.2 Quantities of drilling and returning water 5. 3 Drill water pressure 5.4 Ground water level in the borehole 5.5 Drill cuttings yield 5. 6 Drilling water and returning water label agent concentrations

6. SUMMARY

7. REFERENCES

1

3 3

3

5 5 6 7 8

8 9

14

17

17 17

19 19 19 20 22 23

25 25 25 26

27 27 28

29

30

2

8. APPENDIXES 8.1 Time schedule 8.2 Drilling equipment 8.3 Constructions of the upper part of the borehole 8. 4 Degree of weathering 8.5 Lifts 8.6 List of core boxes 8. 7 Petrographical description 8.8 Foliation 8.9 List of fractures 8.10 Fracture frequency and RQD 8.11 Fractured zones, core loss 8.12 Flushing water samples 8.13 Returning water samples 8.14 Deviation surveys 8.15 Deviation surveys, graphic 8. 16 Core discing

PHOTOS

31 33 35 39 41 43 45 47 49 63 67 69 71 73 77 85 87

3

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

In 1999, Posiva Oy filed an application for a policy decision from the cotmcil of state for a

construction permit to build a final disposal facility for spent fuel at the Olkiluoto area in the

Eurajoki municipality. It was applied that the nuclear repository site investigations would be

concentrated at the Olkiluoto area. In December 2000, the council of state made a positive policy

decision and in May 2001, the parliament ratified the decision.

The policy decision makes it possible to concentrate the research activities at Olkiluoto Eurajoki.

One part of the research is to build an underground rock characterisation facility (called

"ONKALO"). Investigations during the autumn 2001 were aimed to document the ground

conditions in the area where the planned facility decline and shaft will be located.

Posiva Oy contracted (order number 9700/01HH) Suomen Malmi Oy (SMOY) to drill new

investigation boreholes in the area. In November 2001 boreholes OL-KR16 (170.20 m) and OL­

KR16B (45.20 m) were core drilled. The locations of the boreholes are shown in Figure 1.

Borehole OL-KR16 is located about 200 m from the Korvensuo reservoir pump station and

borehole OL-KR16B is located three metres east from borehole OL-KR16. The boreholes are

vertical (initial inclination 90 degrees) and the diameter is 76 mm.

1.2 Scope of the work

The aim of the work was to drill about 170 m long borehole to document the geology and the

ground conditions (continuity of the rock units, fracture zones and rock quality) in the area. The

40 m precollar for the borehole OL-KR16 was drilled with a down-the-hole percussion drilling.

In order to get core sample also from the upper part of the bedrock another 45 m deep borehole

OL-KR16B was core drilled next to it. To maximise the recovery yield of an undisturbed and

continuous core, a triple tube coring technique was used. In addition to the drilling, work

included core logging, rock mechanical testing of the core, in-hole technical measurements,

drilling fluid monitoring, flushing of the borehole, borehole deviation surveys and reporting.

This report documents the work and sampling done during the drilling of the boreholes. Depth

measurements are from the ground surface unless otherwise stated. Distance between the top of

casings and the ground level is 0.52 m and 0.66 m for the boreholes OL-KR16 and OL-KR16B,

respectively. At the end of the drilling, drill rods were lowered to the bottom of the boreholes to

check that the boreholes are completely open.

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OLKILUOTO Location of the boreholes KR1-KR16, KR16B Coordinate System: Finnish Coordinate System, zone 1 (Projection: Gauss-Kruger)

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LEGEND:

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5

2. WORK DESCRIPTION

2.1 Diamond core drilling

Thickness of the overburden at the location of the borehole OL-KR16 is 3.0 m. The borehole

is cased through the overburden with a 194/184 mn1 diameter tube, which is drilled into the

bedrock to the depth of 3.6 tn. The borehole section from 3.6 m to 40.37 n1 was drilled with a

165 mn1 dian1eter hammer between 15th and 1 i 11 October 2001. This percussion drilled part of

the borehole is cased with a stainless steel 140/135 mm diameter tube which is grouted into

the bedrock. The diamond drill rig, additional casings and air lift pumping pipes were set up

at the drilling site on 9th November 2001. Drilling commenced on the same day. On 15th

November 2001, drilling depth 170.20 m was reached. The time schedule of the work is

shown in Appendix 8.1.

The diamond drill rig was set up at the drilling site OL-KR16B on 1 ih November 2001. Drilling

through the overburden, which was 3.65 m thick, was done on the same day. Because of the

fractured bedrock, casing was drilled to the depth of 4.48 m. After the casing was placed,

diamond core drilling continued normally. The final depth 45.20 m was reached on 19th

November 2001.

Boreholes OL-KR16 and OL-KR16B were core drilled with a hydraulic Diamec 1000 drill rig of

which drill feed, hydraulic chuck, drill head and mast are reinforced. The core barrel used was a

WL-76 triple tube and drill rods used were alu-72 rods. Borehole diameter with WL-76 triple

tube core barrel is 76 mm and drill core diameter is 52 mm. Equipment used is shown in

Appendix 8.2.

The cutting area of the diamond bit of a triple tube core barrel is larger than that of a double tube

core barrel. In a triple tube core barrel third innermost tube is of a split type. The innermost split

tube containing the sample is removed from the core barrel with the aid of a piston working on

water pressure. By this way the sample may be removed from the core barrel as undisturbed as

possible. The structure of the WL-76 triple tube core barrel is presented in Appendix 8.2 with

drawings and photographs.

Drilling was continuous shift work (three shifts per day) and the drilling team in a shift consisted

of a driller and an assistant. Geologist Tauno Rautio was the project manager, and Ville Teivaala

and Esko Hartikainen were drilling supervisors. Geological logging was done by geologist Risto

Niini1naki and the final report was written by Risto Niinimaki.

6

Drilling time (which does not include set up and dismantling works) on the borehole OL-KR16

was 121 h which gives the mean drilling efficiency of 1.02 m per rig hour. The drilling tin1e for

the borehole OL-KR16B was 54 h. Mean drilling efficiency per rig hour in different depth

intervals is tabulated in Table 1.

Table 1. Drilling efficiency.

Depth interval, Efficiency,

m-m m/rig hour

40.37-100 1.03

100-170.20 1.02

0-45.20 0.74

Comments!

OL-KR16

OL-KR16

Casing and drilling, 0 L-KR 16B

Wear and tear of the drilling equipment was heavier than average due to the hard bedrock. The

wear of the drill bit correlates with the mineral composition of the bedrock. In this work, only

33.0 m was drilled per WL-76 bit compared to a long-term average of 55 m per T-76 and T-56

bits.

2.2 Drilling water and the use of label agent

Drilling water for the boreholes OL-KR16 and OL-KR16B was pumped from the pump station

of the Korvensuo reservoir. The water line was about 200 m long. Before water was pumped

into the mixing tanks (two 3m3 fibreglass tanks) it was filtered through a 500 J.lffi filter.

All drilling water was marked with the label agent sodiumfluoresceine. Sodiumfluoresceine

( uranine) is an organic powdery pigment which is broken down by UV radiation. Therefore the

label agent mixing tanks have to be covered. The quality of the label agent was tested by the

F ortum V antaa laboratories in spring 2001.

At the Rauma chemist, uranine was packed in glass vials in 1.500 g ready to use doses. At the

drilling site, contents of a vial was dissolved in one litre of water which was slowly added into

the tnixing tank at the beginning of pumping. Turbulence caused by pumping water into the tank

ensured mixing of the label agent.

7

2.3 Monitoring measurements

During the drilling, several drilling water parameters were monitored and water samples taken.

The aim was to get additional information of rock quality and predict possible drilling problems.

To find out how much drilling water was leaking into the bedrock, the amounts of ingoing and

returning drilling water were monitored. The flow meter for ingoing water was assembled in the

waterline coming from the water pump and the amount of returning water was 1neasured from

the overflow of the sedimentation tank.

Water level in the borehole was measured in the beginning of every morning shift and whenever

there was more than two hours break in the drilling.

All drilling water batches 1nade in the mixing tanks were sampled. The retrnning water was

sampled once a day as long as water was flowing out of the borehole. Due to the sensitivity of

uranine to the UV -light, immediately after the sampling the sample bottles were wrapped in

aluminium foil. Water samples were stored in a fridge until they were sent for analysis to the

laboratory ofTeollisuuden Voitna Oy (TVO) in Olkiluoto.

Electric conductivity of the drilling water was measured after the label agent was mixed. The

returning water samples were collected for the electric conductivity measurements as long as

water was flowing from the borehole. The returning water contains drill cuttings the composition

of which depends on the drilled rock type. If the drill cuttings were affecting the conductivity,

the water samples (2-3 dl) were let to settle and, if needed, filtered through a 45 Jlm filter to

remove the remaining drill cuttings. The electric conductivity measurements were done with a

Phillips conductivity 1neter PW9529 which gives the results as mS/m at +25°C. The

conductivity meter was calibrated at the laboratory ofTVO before the measurements.

Drilling water pressure was logged at the beginning of every sample run and when there were

pressure changes detected. The drilling water pressure monitoring was aimed to avoid drilling

problems and to recognise anomalously permeable fracture zones. The drilling water pressure

has a direct correlation to the level of the water column replaced in the borehole. Increased

permeability in the fracture zones reduces the water pressure. Blockages in the core barrel and

wearing of the diamond bit increase the drilling water pressure.

8

2.4 Deviation surveys

To trace the borehole accurately the dip and azimuth of the borehole were measured with a EZ­

Shot downhole deviation survey tool, which was lowered into the boreholes with a wire line. In

addition, the dip of the borehole was measured separately with a PP-downhole dip meter.

EZ-Shot meter measures the borehole dip with an electronic accelerometer and the azimuth with

a three component fluxgate magnetometer. According to the manufacturer, if there are no

magnetic anomalies, the accuracy of the azimuth is ±0.5 degrees and the dip of the borehole 0.2

degrees. The azimuth is given to the magnetic north and the declination, which is about five

degrees in the area, has been added to the results.

2.5 Flushing of the borehole

Before the final flushing of the boreholes, the walls of the boreholes were washed with the label

agent water to drop all loose material from the walls to the bottom of the boreholes. The washing

device is a double coupler with one end blocked and with four holes with a diameter of 5 mm on

its rim 90 degrees apart. Consequently, the water jets are directed in a straight angle to the wall

of the boreholes. Washing of the boreholes is done by lowering and rotating the rods while the

drilling water pressure is on. About 3m3 of labelled water was used during the washing of the

borehole OL-KR16 and 2.8 m3 during the washing of the borehole OL-KR16B.

After the walls of the boreholes were washed the boreholes were cleaned by pumping water

through alu-43 drill rods with a submersible pump. In this method, the lowermost 9 m of the

drill rods are perforated and in the upper part alu-72 drill rods are used. A submersible pump

was lowered to the depth of about 35 m inside the drill rods. Consequently, the flushing water

circulates via the bottom of the borehole. Pumping was interrupted once and drill rods were

moved up and down in the borehole to remove any residual drill cuttings from the wall of the

borehole. The pump was taken out of the drill rods before moving the drill rods, and lowered

back after the procedure and the pumping continued.

The flushing and pumping were carried out between 6 am on 15th November and 6 am on 16th

November 2001 in the borehole OL-KR16. During the flushing 5.2 m3 of water was pumped

from the borehole OL-KR16 at an average rate of 217 1/h. In the borehole OL-KR16 B the

flushing and pumping were conducted between 9 pm on 19th November and 7 am on 20th

November 2001. During the flushing 1. 7 m3 of water was pumped from the borehole OL­

KR 16B at an average rate of 134 1/h.

9

2.6 Engineering geological logging

Handling of the core is based on the POSIV A work instructions TY0-0-03/0 1 "Core handling

procedure with triple tube coring (in Finnish)". Drill core samples were placed in about one

metre long wooden core boxes immediately after emptying the core barrel. Core boxes were

covered with damp proofing quality aluminium paper so that the alun1inium surface was against

the core. Also the wooden blocks separating the different sample runs were covered by

aluminium paper.

Drill core was handled especially carefully during the drilling. Core was placed on the boxes

avoiding any unnecessary breakage. Broken and clay rich core was wrapped in aluminium foil to

avoid breaking it during storage and logging. If loose rock fragments had fallen from the

borehole walls, they were placed after the block marking at the end of the previous sample run.

Therefore, at the beginning of a sample run there might be rock fragments which do not belong

to the sample run itself.

Geologist logged the core in a transportable office at the drilling site. Logging was designed for

engineering geological purposes (Gardemeister et al. 1976, Korhonen et al. 1974). Following

parameters were logged: fracture classification, fracture zones and core loss, artificial break and

fracture frequency and RQD, petrography, foliation degree, degree of weathering and core

discing. In addition, the lift and core box number were documented.

In the list of fractures the fractures were numbered sequentially from the top to the bottom of the

borehole. Fracture depths were measured to the centre line of the core and were given with one

centimetre accuracy. If the middle line of an irregular fracture did not coincide with the centre

line of the core, an appropriate depth was given. If observations were given for a depth interval,

the depth was given to the end of a last fracture, for example in the case of crushed zone. Logged

depths were corrected to the true core depth, i.e. if there were depth inaccuracies due to the core

loss or the core lifter had slipped, the depth written on the wooden block marking at the end of a

lift was corrected. Inaccuracies due to core loss were also logged separately.

The nature of a fracture was described with abbreviations:

op =open, rusty/limonite covering

ti = tight, no filling material

fi =filled

fisl = filled slickenside

grfi = grain filled

10

clfi =clay filled.

The term "open" was used in core logging if fracture had rusty/limonite covering. Angle of a

fracture was given relative to the core axis. If a fracture was parallel to the axis its core angle

was 0° and if a fracture was perpendicular to the core axis its angle was 90°.

Thickness of the fracture filling was given in millimetres.

The colour of the fracture surfaces was logged if it differed from the host rock colour

significantly. Most commonly the colour of filled and open fractures differed from the host rock

colour. Tight fractures had typically only a slightly different shade from the host rock colour.

Fractures which had a clear colour but the core was intact across the fractures were classified as

filled fractures. In these cases in the remarks column has been written "closed" or "partly closed"

which indicates that the fracture is closed and its permeability is poor in its natural state.

Fractures, which had euhedral or subhedral mineral growth, have "crystals" written in the log. In

addition, if there was any smell, it has been logged to the remarks column.

Minerals have been logged only if their recognition was absolutely sure. Mineral names used

have been listed in the petrography section of the report.

Fracture surface colour (minerals) has been described with four letter abbreviations:

brow, lbro, dbro (brown, light brown, dark brown)

gray, lgra, dgra (gray, light gray, dark gray)

gree, lgre, dgre (green, light green, dark green)

red, lred,dred (red, light red, dark red)

The colour shades of the fracture surface colours were described by adding one letter to the front

of the three letter colour abbreviation. For example:

rbro (reddish brown)

Recognition of the mineral composition of the rock is qualitative and the mode has been

estimated by eye. Mineral names have been abbreviated using the system used in Saltikoff s

( 1972) Finnish mineral name catalogue. Sat11e abbreviations have also been used in the fracture

descliptions. The most conunon abbreviations used are:

quar = quartz

feld = feldspars (Kfeldspar or plagioclase)

biot = biotite

carb =carbonate (unspecified)

talc= talc

chlo = chlorite

clay = clay minerals (unspecified)

sulf= sulphide 1ninerals (unspecified)

fehy = F e-hydrates, (limonite)

epid = epidote

grap = graphite

11

Fracture surface morphology is described with following abbreviations:

plan (planar)

irre (irregular)

curv (curved)

Fracture surface quality was described with a four letter abbreviation. The three step

classification used corresponds with the JRC-numbers (Barton & Choubey 1977).

roug (rough; JRC 15-10)

srou (semirough; JRC 7-14)

smoo (smooth; JRC 0-6)

Core loss is the result of geological factors which may include strong weathering or fracturing of

rock, or technical factors during the drilling. The depth of core loss, lengt and cause was logged.

If the location was not known exactly, the depth interval where the core loss occurred has been

logged. Consequently, the depth measurements following the core loss are marked with notation.

Fractured zones were described in the list of the fractured zones and core loss using the

following abbreviations:

Riiii =fracture-structured, densely fractured, more than 10 fractures per metre

RiN =crush-structured

RiV = clay-structured

Artificial break and fracture frequency and ROD were logged on full metre depth intervals.

Artificial break frequency is the number of core breaks within one n1etre interval. Artificial

breaks include all breaks which are caused by drilling, core handling, core discing and natural

fractures. Fracture frequency is the number of natural fractures within one metre interval. If the

12

artificial break frequency is larger than the fracture frequency the core must have been broken

during the drilling or core handling accidentally or by purpose. If the fracture frequency is larger

than the artificial break frequency the fractures must be tight and cohesive enough to keep the

core together. RQD gives the percentage of over 10 cm long core segments, which are separated

by natural fractures, within one metre interval.

List of lift depths is given as it has been marked on the spacing wooden blocks separating

different sample runs in the core boxes. If the length of the core in the core barrel indicated that

sampling depth was different from the drilling depth, the true sample depth has been corrected

on the spacing block. Therefore, the sample run depth means the sample depth. The drilling

depth might be deeper than the sampling depth if the core lifter slips and part of the core is left in

the borehole and is not retrieved until with the next lift. The lifts are listed in Appendix 8.5.

List of core boxes lists the start and end depths of the core in each core box. List of core boxes is

presented in Appendix 8.6.

Petrographical description is based on the Finnish engineering geological rock classification

(Korhonen et al. 1974, Gardemeister et al. 1976). Each rock type has been described at the frrst

occurrence and only the changes are added later if there has been significant differences in the

deeper sections. Grain size has been classified as follows:

Very fine grained, glassy, grain not visible to naked eyes

Fine grained

Medium grained

Coarse grained

Very coarse grained

<< l mm

< l mm

1 ... 5mm

5 ... 50mm

>50 mm

Texture has been described with following terms (Finnish abbreviations used):

Massive

Foliated

Mixed (migmatitic)

M

L

s

Foliation degree has been classified to four categories:

unfoliated

weak

medium

strong

0

1

2

3

13

Texture and foliation intensity description can have following variations: MO, Ml, Ll, L2, L3,

SO, SI, S2, S3.

Foliation degree has been described using the Finnish engineering geological classification.

Zones of relatively constant foliation intensity were delineated and the angle of foliation was

measured about every 10 metres. In addition, the degree was estimated using the above

mentioned four category classification (Korhonen et al. 197 4 , Gardemeister et al. 197 6).

Degree of weathering was described with following abbreviations (Korhonen et al. 1974 ,

Gardemeister et al. 1976):

RpO = unweathered

Rpl =slightly weathered

Rp2 = strongly weathered

Rp3 = completely weathered

If there are small changes in the weathering degree within a logged depth interval, for example

around fractures, the overall weathering degree is given first and the minor weathering changes

in brackets.

Core discing has been logged separately. Depth intervals, within which core discing occurs, have

been documented. The number of breaks and core discs, the minimum and maximum spacing

between discs have been logged. In each break, the geometry of the disc surfaces have been

described using the following classification (the core is running from left to right):

( ( = top surface concave, lower surface convex

(I = top surface concave, lower surface planar

I(= top surface planar, lower surface convex

) ) = top surface convex, lower surface concave

)I = top surface convex, lower surface planar

I) =top surface planar, lower surface concave

11 =top surface planar, lower surface planar

)( = top surface convex and lower surface convex

S =saddle

A = incomplete discing

All core boxes were photographed (colour) both dry and wet. Core photographs (wet) are

presented at the end of the report. In addition, close up photographs were taken fron1 well

14

preserved fracture zones and individual clay filled fractures. These photographs (wet) are

presented at the end of the report after the full core box photographs.

2. 7 Rock mechanical tests on core samples

Rock strength and strain tests were made with Rock Tester-equipment. Samples for the testing

were taken every 30 m, or if the rock type changed. Young's Modulus E, Poisson's ratio v and

Modulus of Rupture Smax were measured with a Bend test in which the outer supports (L) were

placed 160 mm apart and the inner supports (U) 48 mm apart. The test arrangement is shown in

Figure 3.

u

L> 3,5D D

D~U~L/3

L

Figure 3. Bend test

Young's Modulus describes the ratio between stress and strain. This is given as Hook's law

(equation 2.9.1)

cr = stress [Pa]

Ea = axial strain

a E =- [Pa]

Ea (2.9.1)

Poisson' s ratio is defined as the ratio of radial strain and axial strain (equation 2.9 .2).

(2.9.2)

Er = radial strain

Ea = axial strain

15

Values of Modulus of Rupture are read directly from the Bend test measurement.

Uniaxial con1pressive strength crc was determined indirectly from the point load test results. The

point load tests were n1ade according the ISRM instructions (ISRM 1981 ja ISRM 1985). The

point load index lsso, which is determined in the test, is multiplied by 24 and resulting value

corresponds with the uniaxial compressive strength.

In the point load test the load is increased until the core sample breaks (Fig. 4). The point load

index is calculated from the load required to break the sample. The test result is valid only if the

break surface goes through the both load points. The point load number Is is calculated from the

equation 2.9.3.

p Is =-2

D (2.9.3)

P = point load

D = diameter of the core sample

Point load number is dependent on the diameter of the core sample and it is corrected to the

point load index using the equations 2.9.4 and 2.9.5. The result is not dependent on the sample

SIZe.

(2.9.4)

(2.9.5)

4 D L > O,SD

l

Figure 4. Point load test

17

3. TEHNICAL DETAILS OF THE BOREHOLES

3.1 Location and deviation

The initial dip ofthe boreholes OL-KR16 and OL-KR16B was 90 degrees. The ground surface

was the reference level of boreholes and depth measurements are fron1 the ground surface

unless othetwise mentioned. The coordinates of the borehole collars are shown in the Table 2.

EZ-Shot deviation measurements indicate that at the depth of 168 m the borehole OL-KR16 has

deviated 6. 79 m in the direction of 350° and 0.15 m up from the target. At the depth of 45 n1 the

borehole OL-KR16B has deviated 0.53 m in the direction of 143°. The total deviation in the

borehole OL-KR16 was 4.0% from the length of the borehole and in the borehole OL-KR16B

the corresponding deviation is 1.2 %.

The National XYZ coordinates of the boreholes calculated from the EZ-Shot measuren1ents are

presented in Table 2.

Table 2. Coordinates of the boreholes OL-KR16 and OL-KR16B.

Point location, borehole number X y z Ground surface, OL-KR16 92 423 .01 25 797.15 8.73

Top of the casing, OL-KR16 9.25

End ofborehole (168 n1), OL-KR16 92 429.70 25 795.97 -159.12

Ground surface, 0 L-KR16B 92 422.44 25 794.36 8.85

Top ofthe casing, OL-KR16B 9.51

End ofborehole ( 45 m), OL-KR16B 92 422.02 25794.68 -36.15

3.2 Structure of upper part of the borehole

Down-the-hole drilling was used to drill the precollar for the borehole OL-KR16. This borehole

was statied by drilling a 194/184 mm casing through the overburden into the bedrock. The

casing was drilled to 3.6 m depth from the surface. The thickness of the soil was estitnated to be

3.0 m. The borehole was continued with a 165 mm hammer to the depth of 40.37 m and a

140113 5 mm stainless steel casing was placed into the borehole and cen1ented into the bedrock.

At the bottom of the casing there is a funnel, which helps to insert instruments into the borehole.

Finally the 194/184 mm casing was cut to the ground level.

18

The length of the funnel at the bottom of the 140113 5 mm casing is 11 0 mm. The funnelling part

is 53 mm long. The bottom of the funnel is made of a 84/77 mm tube which is 57 mm long. The

tube has right hand thread which was used to attach the 84/77 casing during the drilling. The

funnel is in the 140/135 mm casing and the end of the tube in the lower part of the funnel is at

the depth of 40.34 m. Between the tube and the bedrock is about 3 cm of concrete which was

drilled through at the beginning of diamond drilling. The funnel and the attached tube are also

made of stainless steeL The structure of the funnel and casing is shown in Appendix 8.3.

After the drilling was finished, a one square metre concrete slab was cast around the casing. The

top of the casing was closed with a plug, which has a lock.

The precollar for the borehole OL-KR16B was done by drilling a 90/77 mm casing through

the overburden into the bedrock. The casing was drilled to 4.48 m depth from the surface. The

thickness of the soil was estimated to be 3.65 m. Later the casing, which had a casing shoe,

was cemented into the bedrock. The top of the casing was closed with a plug, which has a

lock.

19

4. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

4.1 The effects of drilling to the sample quality

Core loss due to rock breaking or milling occurred in the borehole OL-KR16 in two places.

Total length of the core loss was 0.32 m. In so1ne another places, the ends of core samples had

rotated but there was no significant core loss. Core loss is shown in Appendix 8.11.

The sample quality is better while drilling with triple tube core barrel than drilling with double

tube core barrel. In a triple tube core ban·el the inner tube is split and it is not necessary to shake

the core out of the inner tube. Therefore, it will stay more compact than in a normal double tube

core barrel. This advantage is especially noticed when drilling fractured rocks; it is not necessary

to fit the ends of the core pieces together. In addition, soft fracture fillings will be preserved

much better. Furthermore, there is n1uch less drill cuttings on the core sutface, and in the breaks

and fractures.

4.2 Rock quality

The drill core consisted of rock types which had earlier been described from the area. Mica

gneiss is typically migmatitic and in places granitic (pegmatitic) material is abundant. In

addition, granite has slightly foliated sections and contains mica gneiss enclaves. These two rock

types are in many places intercalated and, consequently, in the drill core, average intersections

are only a few metres thick. Therefore, rock types have been classified by the major rock type

and can have thin layers of minor rock type.

Migmatic micagneiss comprises mica rich bands and light red coarse grained granitic bands. It

is typically moderately foliated, L2. The grain size of the mica gneiss varies from fine grained

to medium grained. The main minerals are quartz, feldspars and biotite. In places occurs

pyrite.

Granite is equigranular. Its grain size varies from medium grained to coarse grained, in places it

is pegmatitic. The texture is typically massive, MO, but there are some weakly foliated n1ica

gneiss enclaves, Ml. The main n1inerals are feldspars, quartz and biotite.

Rock descriptions along the boreholes are presented in Appendix 8.7. Graphic log showing the

rock types and fracture frequency are presented in Figure 4.

Drill core is mainly unweathered but some narrow weathered zones were intersected. In the

borehole OL-KR16B there is one narrow strongly weathered zone and two weakly weathered

20

zones. In the borehole OL-KR16 there are eight weakly or partly weakly weathered zones. In

total, 8.44 m of the drill core had visible signs of weathering. However, in places feldspars are

cloudy also in the unweathered parts. The weathering degrees of rocks are shown in Appendix

8.4.

Angle of foliation relative to the core axis was n1easured. Because the borehole was vertical,

core was not oriented. Based on the foliation angle relative to the core axis, the strike and dip of

the foliation do not vary much, except in some small parts in the mica gneiss. Foliation intensity

and foliation angles have been presented in Appendix 8.8.

4.3 Fracturing

Fractures in the drill core are tight or filled. Most of them are filled. There were no open

fractures. Fracture fill material is most commonly grey or white carbonate and sulphides, mostly

pyrite, or dark chloritic material. White kaolin, mica and graphite were also observed as fracture

fillings.

In most fractures, the fracture filling is very thin layer on the fracture surfaces, and the opposite

surfaces of the fracture match perfectly on each other's. Commonly the fracture filling is only a

patchy coating on the fracture surfaces but these are still classified as filled fractures. Only a few

fractures have a filling, which is tnore than one millimetre thick. The thickest fracture filling is

about five millimetres in the borehole OL-KR16.

Most fractures, which have coloured surfaces, were classified as filled fractures. Tight fractures

may also have a colour and, consequently, there is no clear distinction between tight and filled

fracture. Some fractures, including some filled fractures, are healed. In total, 91 fractures were

healed or partly healed, which is about 21 % of all fractures.

There is one clay filled fracture in the borehole OL-KR16 and seven clay filled fractures in the

borehole OL-KR16B. No grain filled fractures were observed in the borehole OL-KR16 or in

OL-KR16B. 52 slickensided surfaces were intersected in the borehole OL-KR16 and two in OL­

KR16B. In three places, to prevent the core falling apart, the core was left in the box. One of

these was a fracture zone with clay filled fractures and two different zones. In these zones were

not possible to define the exact nature of the fractures. Some of the slickensided fractures have

clay or grain filling and some clay and grain filled fractures have slickensides under the filling.

Slickensided fractures occur through the core but most of them are in or near the zones of higher

fracture density. In places, slickensided fractures are in groups. Detailed logs of the fractures are

presented in Appendix 8. 9.

21

Rock types Fractures, pes/m

0 5 10 15

OL-KR16B

OL-KR16

Mica gneiss

Graniite

Figure 4. Graphic log of the boreholes showing rock types and fracture intensity.

---- ---- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

22

Morphology of the fractures varies a lot. Most commonly surfaces are irregular and semirough

(JRC-number 7-14). The second most common morphology is irregular or curved with a rough

surface (JRC-number 15-20). However, different variations are common.

Average fracture frequency in the borehole OL-KR16 is 2.63 fractures per metre and 2.24

fractures per metre in OL-KR16B. The mean RQD value for the borehole OL-KR16 is 94.5%

and 95.7% for OL-KR16B. Variations ofthe fracture frequency and RQD are listed in Table 3

and fracture frequency is shown graphically in Figure 4. The full logs of the fracture frequency,

artificial breaks and RQD are presented in Appendix 8.1 0.

Table 3. Average fracture frequency and RQD values in different depth intervals in OL-KR16

and OL-KR16B.

Depth Average Average Depth Average Average

fron1-to fracture RQD value, from-to fracture RQD value,

m-m frequency, % m-m frequency, %

fractures/m fractures/m

4-13 3.3 94.6 75-98 2.8 94.1

13-40 1.6 98.1 98- 117 2.1 99.0

40-57 2.4 95.6 117-126 2.3 97.6

57-67 4.9 92.8 126-157 3.5 93.3

57-75 1.0 100.0 157- 170.20 0.9 100.0

No zones of strongly fractured rock were intersected in the boreholes OL-KR16 and OL­

KR16B.

4.4 Core discing

In the depth sections of29.06- 30.63 m and 34.56- 38.27 m in the borehole OL-KR16 and in

the depth section of 154.95 - 155.19 m in the borehole OL-KR16B some evidence of core

discing was observed. Core discing is presented in Appendix 8.16.

23

4.5 Strength and elastic properties

Samples for testing the strength and elastic properties of the rock were taken every 30 m and

in places where the major rock type changed. In total six samples were tested, five from the

borehole OL-KR16 and one from the borehole OL-KR16B. This accounts four mica gneiss

samples and two granite samples. One bend test and two point load tests were done from each

sample.

Differences in measurements are caused by the variability in the foliation intensity and grain

size. The uniaxial compressive strength of the rock types is slightly different. The mean uniaxial

compressive strengths of the mica gneiss and granite are 138 MPa and 177 MPa, respectively.

This indicates that the mica gneiss is 22 % weaker than granite. Elastic modulus of the rock

types has larger range of variation. The average elastic modulus of the mica gneiss samples is 54

GP a and the granite samples 41 GP a, i.e. the elastic modulus of the granite is 18 % lower than

the elastic modulus of the mica gneiss.

The rock mechanical test results are presented in Table 4, in which the mean strength and elastic

properties are presented for both rock types. Uniaxial compressive strength, Young's Modulus

and Modulus of Rupture of each rock type versus depth are shown in Figure 5.

225.00 -r----------------------.- 40.00 .... ftS ~ 200.00 -ti = ~ 175.00 g'-! en 150.00 ... :::s en-s . ~ 'g 125.00 en=e : en 100.00 a.·= E § 75.00 0 0 CJ> "ii "C 50.00 ·- c = ftS ·c: 25.00 :::>

35.00

30.00;f :i

25.00;' .. :::s ...

20.00 §' a::

15.000 (I)

= 10 . 00~

0

5.00 :i

0. 00 -t-----t---t-----t----t--....__----t---t-----+---+ 0. 00

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0

Syvyys [m]

Young's Modulus [GPa]

• Uniaxial compressive strength [MPa]

- ·•- Modulus of Rupture [MPa]

Figure 5. Uniaxial compressive strength , elastic modulus, and Modulus of Rupture versus depth. Mica gneiss is shown as black symbols and granite as red symbols.

24

Table 4. Summary of rock mechanical tests. Elastic modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (v), point

load index (Is5o), uniaxial compressive strength ( crc) and Modulus of Rupture (Smax).

Depth E V lsso Is so O"CJ aC2 Smax Rocktype m GP a MP a MP a MP a MP a MP a

24.9 41.28 0.20 5.37 4.80 128.98 115.30 16.83 MGN (OL-KR16B) 44.8 70.13 0.24 5.82 5.07 139.72 121.65 12.35 MGN (OL-KR16) 62.8 41.80 0.27 7.65 9.63 183.69 231.08 4.04 GRAN (OL-KR16) 91.9 41.06 0.18 5.65 6.58 135.57 157.80 14.54 GRAN (OL-KR16)

123.0 54.74 0.23 6.86 6.27 164.64 150.47 20.11 MGN (OL-KR16) 158.0 49.56 0.16 6.09 5.70 146.08 136.79 17.05 MGN (OL-KR16)

average 49.76 0.21 6.29 150.98 14.15 median 11.41 0.04 1.31 31.52 5.60 All together

median% 23% 19% 21% 21% 40% average 53.93 0.21 5.75 137.95 16.59 median 12.14 0.05 0.67 16.03 3.20 MGN

median% 23% 24% 12% 12% 19% average 41.43 0.23 7.38 177.04 9.29 median 0.52 0.06 1.71 41.05 7.42 GRAN

median% 1% 28% 23% 23% 80%

25

5. MONITORING RESULTS

5.1 Electric conductivity of drilling and returning water

During the drilling of the boreholes OL-KR16 and OL-KR16B, the electric conductivity of

drilling water and returning water was monitored. The conductivity of each drilling water batch

was measured after mixing the label agents. The conductivity of the drilling water batches varied

between 14.0 ... 16.8 mS/m. The full results are presented in Appendix 8.12.

Electric conductivity of the returning water of the borehole OL-KR16B varied fro1n 18.3 to 31.4

mS/m. Variation of the conductivity of the OL-KR16 returning water was larger and it vvas from

20.3 to 162.7 mS/m. The highest conductivity values were n1easured while drilling at depth 110

m. The results are presented graphically in Figure 6.

Electric conductivity

180.0 I

:::·: L-------------~~==~~=---=----·--~==-~-=-~==~~~--~ 120.0 -----·--·--------·---1----

E 100.0 ·+---------­(i) E 80.0 +-----------~

20 . 0 +-~~-~~~-----~---------~~----

i 0 . 0 ~--~--~--~--~--~-~~---~---~--~

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Depth m

Figure 6. Electric conductivity of returning water frmn the boreholes OL-KR16 and OL­

KR16B.

5.2 Quantities of drilling and returning water

During the drilling of the borehole OL-KR16, 69.7 m3 of water was used. After the drilling was

finished, the borehole was flushed with 3.0 n13 of water. During the drilling and flushing, 50.0

26

m3 of returning water was measured. This is about 69 % of the drilling and flushing water. Some

water went past the flow meter during the air lift pumping and lifting of the drill rods.

During the drilling of the borehole OL-KR16B, 13.0 m3 of water was used. After the drilling

was finished, the borehole was flushed with 2.8 m3 of water. During the drilling and flushing,

5.1 m3 of returning water was measured. This is about 32 % of the drilling and flushing water.

Some water went past the flow meter during the lifting of the drill rods. The cumulative

consumption of drilling water and the amount of measured returning water are shown in Figure

7.

Drilling and returning water

1-Drilling water --Returning water 1

~~ F * :~ t----------------------------------------~~~------~--E 40 +-------------------------------------~~------~~-----­CJ :g 30 -· ---------·----·--------

0 20 +-----------------------~~----=-~----------------------10 +---------~~~~=-~~--~--------------------------

o l-~~~~~~~=---~----~---~--~--~-~ 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Depth m

----------- -------- J Figure 7. Cumulative consumption of drilling water and amount of returning water during the

drilling ofboreholes OL-KR16 and OL-KR16B.

5.3 Drilling water pressure

During the drilling of the borehole OL-KR16 the drilling water pressure varied between 0.4 MPa

and 1.2 MP a. The pressure varied between 0.5 MP a and 0. 7 MPa during the drilling of the

borehole OL-KR16B. The pressure graphs are presented in Figure 8.

27

,---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------l

I Pressure of drilling water I I I ! I I I

I

I 1.2 -,----------------- -------------

1

0.8 -----------··--------------------------

io.6 ~~-·

0.2 +-----------------------------

0 . 0 -~--~--~--~--~---~---~---~----~----~

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Depth m

Figure 8. Drilling water pressure during the drilling of the boreholes OL-KR16 and OL-KR16B.

5.4 Groundwater level in the borehole

Groundwater level in the borehole OL-KR16 varied between 1 to 12 n1. The result depends

strongly on the stabilising time before measurements. The groundwater depth is measured from

the ground surface.

5.5 Drill cuttings yield

Drill cuttings were collected in a sedimentation tank and measured. From the borehole OL­

KR16, an amount of 990 litres of water and drill cuttings mixture were collected. The borehole

diameter is 76 mm and the core diameter is 52 mm, 2.47 litres of rock per metre was ground to

drill cuttings by the diamond bit. Consequently, the total volume of drill cuttings generated was

480 litres. If the expansion factor 1. 7 of wet cuttings is assumed, the yield would be about 820

litres. Therefore, it can be speculated that the water content in drill cuttings was higher, or the

additional drill cuttings was generated from the fractures. However, the result indicates that there

cannot be a significant amount of drill cuttings residue left in the borehole.

From the borehole OL-KR16B, an volume of 120 litres of drill cuttings and water mixture were

collected. The generated drill cuttings during drilling were 100 litres and with the expansion

28

factor 1.7, the yield should have been 170 litres. This indicates that about 30% of the drill

cuttings was left in the fractures intersected in the borehole.

5.6 Drilling water and returning water label agent concentrations

The concentration of the label agent is used to estimate the representativeness of the

groundwater samples taken from a borehole. The planned label agent concentration of the

drilling water was 0.500 g/m3• The achieved concentrations were close to this level. However, in

the drilling water batch 20, the concentration was slightly lower, 449 J..Lg/1. It is possible that

some of the chemical was left in the vial. The label agent mixings, drilling water samples,

electric conductivity and uranine concentrations are listed in Appendix 8.12.

Returning water samples were collected once a day as long as water was flowing from the

borehole. In total, 1 0 samples were taken. High uranine concentrations in the returning water

indicate that the water is mainly drilling water. At the depth of 160 m uranine concentration

dropped indicating increase of groundwater flow into the borehole. Concentrations in the

returning water varied from 140 to 435 J..Lg/1. The analysis of uranine concentrations are

presented in Appendix 8.13.

29

6.SUMMARY

Finnish parliament ratified the policy decision and Posiva Oy can concentrate its geological

investigations for the underground final disposal facility for spent fuel in the Olkiluoto area

in the municipality of Eurajoki. Within next few years, an underground rock

characterisation facility, ONKALO, will be built in the area. As a part of the investigations,

Suomen Malmi Oy, core drilled a 170.20 m deep borehole in the area. The borehole

identification is OL-KR16. Because the precollar for the borehole OL-KR16 was done by

down-the-hole percussion drilling, a second diamond borehole OL-KR16B was core drilled

next to it. Length of the OL-KR16B is 45.20 m.

The core was drilled using a triple tube core barrel with a split inner sample tube. During the

drilling, the electric conductivity of drilling and returning water, drilling water pressure and

the amounts of drilling and returning water were monitored. Aim of the monitoring was to get

additional information of the bedrock quality. The electric conductivity of the drilling water

and returning water in OL-KR16 varied from 14.0 to 16.8 mS/m and from 20.3 to 162.7

n1S!tn, respectively. The drilling water pressure in the borehole OL-KR16 varied from 0.4 to

1.2 MPa. The drilling water pressure in the borehole OL-KR16B varied from 0.5 to 0.7 MPa.

Drilling water used was marked with uranine as the label agent. During the drilling of the

borehole OL-KR16, about 73m3 of water was used. The atnount of returning water was about

50m3• During the drilling of the borehole OL-KR16B, about 16m3 of water was used and 5

m3 returning water was measured. After the drilling, boreholes OL-KR16 and OL-KR16B

were flushed by pumping about 5 m3 and 2 m3 of water from the bottom of the boreholes,

respectively. The deviation of the boreholes was measured with EZ-Shot survey tool. Based

on the results, at 168 m depth the borehole OL-KR16 has deviated 6.79 n1 in the direction of

350° and 0.15 m up from the target. Uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus, and

Poisson' s ratio were determined from the core samples. The average uniaxial compressive

strength is 151 MPa, Young's Modulus 50 GPaand Poisson's ratio 0.21.

Rock types intersected in the boreholes are migmatitic mica gneiss and granite. Rocks are

unweathered or only weakly weathered. In the borehole OL-KR16B one short strongly

weathered section was penetrated. Filled fiactures are the most common fracture type. The

average fracture frequency in the borehole OL-KR16 is 2.63 fractures per metre and in OL­

KR16B 2.24 fractures per metre. Mean RQD values of the boreholes OL-KR16 and OL­

KR16B are 94.5% and 95.7%, respectively. 54 fractures with slickensides and 8 clay filled

fractures were intersected in the boreholes. No strongly fractured zones were intersected by

the boreholes. So1ne evidences of core discing were observed.

30

7. REFERENCES

Barton, N & Choubey, V., 1977. The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice. Teoksessa: Rock Mechanics 1, s. 1-54. Springer-Verlag.

Gardemeister, R., Johansson, S., Korhonen, P., Patrikainen, P., Tuisku, T. & Vahasarja, P. 1976. Rakennusgeologisen kallioluokituksen soveltaminen. VTT Julkaisusarja, Tiedonanto 25.

ISRM. 1981. Suggested Methods for Determining the Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Deformability of Rock Materials. In Rock Characterization Testing & Monitoring. Oxford, Pergamon Press. s. 113-116.

ISRM. 1985. Suggested Method for Determining Point Load Strength. International Journal Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Vol. 22, no 2. S. 51-60.

Korhonen, K-H. , Gardemeister, R., JaaskeHiinen, H., Niini, H. & Vahasarja, P. 1974. Rakennusalan kallioluokitus. VTT Julkaisusarja, Tiedonanto 12.

Saltikoff, B. 1972. Mineraalinimisanasto. Espoo, Geological Survey of Finland. Report of

Investigation N :o 11 (in Finnish). 82 pages. ISBN 951-690-044-5.

- - - - -- - - - - ----- - - -

Time schedule

Item

Down-the-hole drilling/

casing setting

Borehole OL-KR16

Move to the hole

Drilling 40 - 170 m

Direction/dip measurements,

borehole flushpumping

Borehole OL-KR16b

Move to the hole

Drilling 0 - 45 m

Direction/dip measurements,

borehole

31

Appendix 8 .1

December

49 5

33

Drilling equipment Appendix 8.2

Item Quantity

1. Core drilling equipment - Diamec 1 000 S 1 pc - Royal Bean -pump, suckfilter CT -102 1 pc - Alu 72 -drill rods 250 m - Triple tube core barrel, WL-76 6 pc - Drill bits, WL-76 8 pc -Reamers, WL-76 2 pc -Casing 140/135 (stainless steel) 40m - Casing 84/77 50 m - Casing 90/77 8m - Casingshoe 90/77 1 pc - Valve equipment 1 pc - Electric centrale 1 pc -Tools etc.

2. Flush water equipment

- Water container 5m3 1 pc - Water container 3m3 2 pc - Compressor 1 pc - Waterpump 3 pc - Water flow meter 6 pc - Sedimentation pool 1 pc - Submersible pump, diameter. 48 mm 1 pc - Pneumatic hose 170 m -Water line 300m - Water level measuremant 1 pc

3. Assistance equipment - Office container 1 pc - Rest container 1 pc -Storage 1 pc - Mobil phone 1 pc

4. Accessories -Core boxes 40 pc - Label agent 30 pc

5. Measurement equipment - Electric conductivity measurement 1 pc -PP-dip measurement 1 pc - Ez Shot - deviation measurement 1 pc

6. Reporting equipment -Computer 1 pc - Examination instruments 1 serie -Rock Tester -instrument 1 pc

34

Drilling equipment

· .. ,,HAGBY wl •

,. __ ·_·-. ---- : \)

I -~L __

---::;.:-·-- ·--- · -- -·

WL-76 triple tube core barrel

,/ ;/

- ./'\·:-:·~--------

Appendix 8.2

\-~'.~ . - . ~;:\

i ~ · L.c ·

/_§__ i.: :·

----:'E7

35

CONSTRUCTION OF THE UPPER PART OF THE BOREHOLE OL-KR16

Z - to of the casing

''= lJ cu

Cl) Cl Cl) Cl

CJ ~ (]) c

.:Y. (.)

L? CJ Cl (j ~

DIMENSIONS

Z - top of the casing = +8. 73 m Z- ground level = +9.25 m

a= 3.00 m b = 40.37 m c = 0.52 m d = 170.20 m

. ' . ·· . ..

(j

L?

.. . . ···-.···.

.,

~ .. . ~· .

~ [S CJ ..0

..r::

......... 0) c (])

L() (V) -r-......_ 0 ~ -r-

0) c Cl)

ro (.)

CJ lJ

L?

-..r:: ......... Q.. (]) "0 Q)

0 ..r::

Appendix 8. 3

~

36

CONSTRUCTION OF THE UPPER PART OF THE BOREHOLE OL-KR168

(.)

...c ........ 0) c Q)

'''= '''= '''= '''= cu Cl)

~

~ Cl)

CJ Q) c CJ ~ (.)

L? CJ ~ (j C:\

DIMENSIONS

Z- top of the casing = +9.51 m Z - ground level = +8.85 m

a= 3.65 m b = 4.48 m c = 0.66 m d = 45.20 m

(j

L? ~

CJ D (j

..0 L?

..c ........ 0) c Q)

""" """ --0 (j)

0> c

·u; cu (.)

u ..c ........ 0... Q) u Q)

0 ...c

Appendix 8.3

CJ L? ~

(j CJ ~

(j

casing is opened at three positions

as 20-30mm wide tracks

2

~ 25

~ max.3

-'-

CO " O'l -- - ·- ·- ·-- . ·- - ·- ,...._ - ·- ·-- - ·-'S 'S

n.35

12 1'-.420~

~

110

casing RST 91139 . 7x2.6

/ /

.+J

..c 0'

"i: '<t - - ·- ·-- --- ~ -· - -·-·-- " - - ·- ·- ·

Q " ........... '<t eo

~

Port 1 Draw~ number ~=~~ ~ort or I St.ondord I form. mock~!. quontlty I Ouollty

Produ code or llat

Generol toler~ Scole Product Unked Cone for RST 1:2 84/77 casing

Draw. .JII4.t0.0t 8$ Prev . I New Ooo!Q TERRA- TEAM OY

A/275 Choelo Woe•

Appr. ko

j Nr

> '"0 "0

(1)

= 0.. ~· 00

w

w -.....]

39

Degree ofweathering, OL-KR16 Appendix 8. 4

Start End Weathering degree Remarks

40.37 58.91 RpO

58 .91 67.23 RpO(Rp1) Some mineral grains have weak weathering, but majority not. Weathering is common near

fractures.

67.23 75.51 RpO

75 .51 77.97 Rp1 No weathering in quartz.

77.97 87.09 RpO

87.09 87 .33 Rp1

87.33 92.48 RpO

92.48 94.32 Rp1

94.32 96.03 RpO

96.03 106.74 RpO(Rp1) In core occures some green coloured short sections

and narrow veins.

106.74 110.45 Rp1 Mainly green coloured rock.

110.45 115.31 RpO(Rp1) Some mineral grains have weak weathering, but majority not.

115 .31 148.50 RpO

148.50 150.40 Rp0-1 Core has very weak degree of alteratation.

150.40 170.20 RpO

40

Degree of weathering, OL-KR16B Appendix 8. 4

Start End Weathering degree Remarks

3.65 11.75 RpO

11.75 11.93 Rp1

11.93 12.18 Rp2

12.18 42.39 RpO

42.39 43 .03 RpO(Rp1) Some grains have weak weathering.

43.03 45 .20 RpO

41

Lifts, OL-KR16 Appendix 8.5

Lifts, m Lifts, m Lifts, m Lifts, m Lifts, m 41.67 70.15 96.32 120.52 145.85 44.55 73 .06 99.28 123.43 149.04 47.52 76.02 101.47 126.42 151.84 50.46 78.96 104.44 129.42 154.83 53.26 81.94 107.41 131.85 156.84 56.24 83.56 110.29 134.69 159.79 59.17 86.48 113.19 137.54 162.65 62.12 87.57 115.52 140.43 165.50 64.90 90.45 117.85 143.20 168.27 67.26 93 .35

Lifts, OL-KR16B

Lifts, m 4.16 4.40 7.31

10.19 13.14 14.29 16.43 19.38 22.28 25 .20 28.13 31.07 34.05 36.89 38.56 39.62 41.58 43.95 45.20

42

Appendix 8.5

43

List of core boxes, OL-KR16 Appendix 8. 6

Number Section, m- m

1 40.37 - 43 .55

2 43 .55 - 47 .52

3 47.52 - 51.83

4 51.83 - 55 .38

5 55 .38 - 59 .17

6 59 .17 - 63 .33

7 63 .3 3 - 67.37

8 67.37 - 70 .95

9 70.95 - 74.73

10 74.73 - 78 .81

11 78 .81 - 82 .83

12 82 .83 - 86 .94

13 86.94 - 90.45

14 90.45 - 94.76

15 94.76 - 98 .86

16 98.86 - 102.38

17 102.38 - 107.05

18 107.05 - 110.45

19 110.45 - 115 .10

20 115 .10 - 119.68

21 119.68 - 124.23

22 124.23 - 128.38

23 128.38 - 132.58

24 132.58 - 136.93

25 136.93 - 141.37

26 141.37 - 145 .29

27 145.29 - 149.32

28 149.32 - 153.64

29 153.64 - 157.59

30 157.59 - 161.95

31 161.95 - 166.00

32 166 .00 - 170.20

44

List of core boxes, OL-KR16B Appendix 8.6

Number Section, m - m

1 3.65 - 7.20

2 7.20 - 11.54

3 11.54 - 15.63

4 15 .63 - 19.77

5 19.77 - 23 .98

6 23.98 - 27.71

7 27.71 - 32.02

8 32.02 - 36.12

9 36.12 - 40.27

10 40.27 - 44.47

11 44.47 - 45 .20

Main rock type Minor subdivisions

Start End Start End

m m m m

40.37 43.55

43.55 58.74

48.57 48.62

58 .74 73 .13

66 .24 66.62

66.71 73.13

73.13 86.62

75.24 75.35

76.13 76.58 76.58 77.95 83 .27 83.87 85.96 86.62

86.62 122.42

92.27 93.25

98.38 102.59

101.60 102.38

104.60

122.42 170.20 138.38 138.52

150.35 150.40 151.50 151.84 165.55 168.42

Rock type Description

GRAN Granite which have some sections of restites of granitized miga gneiss.

MGN Micmatic mica gneiss ·with some granite sections.

Pyrite rich section.

GRAN Medium-grained and coarse-grained granite. Colour varies from gray to reddish brovvn. TI1e main minerals of the granite are felspar group (potassium feldspar and plagioclase ),

quarts and biotite. In the granite occurs mica gneiss sections and restites of granitized mica

gneiSS.

A few quartz vein.

Amount of mica gneiss is higher than above in this granite section.

MGN Micmatic miga gneiss . Amount of granite is about the same as gneiss . In core occurs pinite

and in some parts pyrite.

Quarz vein. Section of quarz. Some narrow quarz veins. Mainly quartz.

Sulfide (pyrite) rich section.

GRAN Coarse-grained and medium-grained granite. Colour varies from reddish brown to gray. In

the granite occurs some mica gneiss sections and restites of granitized mica gneiss.

Some grains of perthite.

In granite occurs some sections with light and dark coloured flame texture.

Some grains of perthite.

Narrow light and dark coloured flame texture.

MGN Micmatic mica gneiss. In some mica rich sections occurs also sulfide (pyrite).

Some little caverns and pyrite. Quarz vein. Pinite rich section.

GRAN Mainly granite.

'""'0 (1) ...... '""1 0

(tQ

.g fr. (")

e:. 0.. (1) Vl (")

::::1 . '"0 -c;· ? 0 r I

~ ........ 0\

> '"0 '"0 (1)

0 0... ~-

00

-......J

~ Vo

Main rock type Minor subdivisions

Start End Start End

m m m m

3.65 9.84

9.84 16.5 7

16.57 45.2

37 .44 43.79

42 .80 42 .91

43.79 45.20

Rock type Description

MGN Micmatic mica gneiss.

GRAN Medium-grained and coarse-grained granite. Colour varies from gray to reddish brown. In

the granite occurs mica gneiss sections and restites of granitized mica gneiss .

MGN Micmatic mica gneiss . Amount of granite is about the same as gneiss.

GRAN Granite

Quarz vein.

MGN Micmatic mica gneiss .

'i::i ~ a

(IQ '"1

~ ~ ()

e. Cl. n C/J () '"1 .a· ri a· ? 0 t:""" I

r:: f':' -0\ o:;

> '0 '0 n 2.. ~ · 00 -......)

..p.. 0\

47

Foliation, OL-KR16 Appendix 8. 8

Borehole section Rock Foliation Degree of Remarks

Start (m) End (m) type angle (0) foliation

On site core orientation is not

possible on vertical boreholes

40.37 43.55 GRAN Granite 0-l

43.55 58.74 MGN Micmatic mica gneiss with granite

sections. Gneiss 1-2, granite 0-1.

Foliation degree varies quite a lot.

45.95 MGN 80 2

49 .85 MGN 85 2

58 .74 73.13 GRAN Granite with mica gneiss sections. Granite 0-l , gneiss 1-2.

73 .13 86 .62 MGN

74 .25 MGN 90 2

86 .62 122.42 GRAN Granite with few mica gneiss

sections . Granite 0-l , gneiss 1-2.

122.42 170.20 MGN Granite with mica gneiss sections. Granite 0-1 , gneiss 1-2.

123.50 MGN 55 2

134.85 MGN 60 2

141.20 MGN 70 2

150.95 MGN 75 2

159.55 MGN 60 2

169.50 MGN 60 2

48

Foliation, OL-KR16B Appendix 8. 8

Borehole section Rock Foliation Degree of Remarks

Start (m) End (m) type angle (0) foliation

On site core orientation is not

possible on vertical boreholes

3.65 9.84 MGN Micmatic mica gneiss with granite sections. Gneiss 1-2, granite 0-l.

6.95 MGN 55 2

9.84 16.57 GRAN Granite with mica gneiss sections . Granite 0-1, gneiss 1-2.

16.57 37.44 MGN Micmatic mica gneiss. An1ount of

granite is about as same as gneiss .

33.40 MGN 65 2

37.44 43.79 GRAN Granite 0-1.

43 .79 45 .20 MGN Mica gneiss

43 .79 MGN 70 2

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

111 m (0) surface 1 41 .85 ti 50

2 41.94 fi 50 lgra 3 42 .03 ti 80

4 42.08 fi 70 lgra 5 42 .99 fi 60 lgra 6 43 .55 fi 75 whit, gray 7 43 .72 ti 5 8 44 .04 fi 85 whit 9 44 .18 fi 75 lgra

10 44.22 fi 80 gray 11 45 .37 fi 30 gray, lbro 12 45.49 fi 25 whit 13 46.31 ti 50

14 47.06 fi 80 gray, 1bro 15 47.07 fi 70 gray 16 47.18 fi 85 lgra, gray 17 47.51 fi 65 gray

18 47.6 1 fi 70 dgra, whit 19 48 .07 fi 80 lbro 20 48 .13 fi 70 gray 21 48 .45 fi 35 gray 22 48.55 fi 65 gray, whit 23 48 .62 fi 80 whit 24 48.63 fi 80 whit, lbro 25 48.67 fi 70 gray, whit 26 48.70 fi 80 whit 27 48.72 fi 50 dgra, whit 28 48 .93 fi 80 lbro 29 49.20 fi 70 gray 30 49 .29 fi 85 gray, lbro 31 49.83 fi 85 gray 32 50.46 fi 80 blac, lbro 33 50 .74 ti 80 34 50.90 fi 65 gray, lbro 35 52 .68 ti 70 36 53.04 ti 70

Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape

fracture

curv sulf 1rre

me

curv carb 0.5 curv carb irre

liTe carb 0 .5 1rre carb 1rre

sulf 1rre sulf irre carb 1 1rre

1rre sulf, carb plan

curv carb, sulf 1rre

sulf plan

carb irre sulf 0.5 1rre carb plan

carb irre

carb curv carb 1.5 me sulf me carb plan carb 1.5 1rre

curv sulf 1 irre

curv

sulf plan plan irre curv

sulf 1rre

curv 1rre

Fracture roughness

srou

srou

srou

roug

srou

srou

roug

roug

srou

roug

srou roug srou

roug

srou srou

srou

srou

srou roug

srou

srou

smoo

roug

srou srou srou

srou srou

srou srou

Remarks

pyrite

closed

splitted, closed

crystals

partly closed pyrite

pyrite

closed

splitted

closed

some crystals

closed, pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

--

t"'" ~· 0 ......,

if (')

2 ...., ~

Y'

~ ~ ~

0\

)> '0 '0 ~

g_ s;;: · oc \D

..t:::.. \D

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

m m (0) surface 37 56.63 ti 70 38 57 .00 fi 60 gray, lbro 39 57 .29 fi 70 lgra, blac, lbro 40 57.57 ti 70 41 57.65 fi 25 lbro 42 57 .75 fi 70 lgra, blac, lbro 43 57.79 fi 30 blac, lbro 44 57.86 ti 30 45 58.54 fi 60 lgra 46 59.02 fi 20 lgre 47 59.27 ti 15 48 59.89 ti 20 49 60.17 fi 40 blac, gray 50 60.29 ti 15 51 60.32 ti 15 52 60.45 fi 25 lgre, gray 53 60.57 ti 20 54 60.91 fi 15 ggre 55 61.11 fi 50 whit 56 61.13 63.10

57 61.18 ti 30 58 61 .25 fi 25 lgre 59 61.29 fi 25 lgre 60 61 .33 fi 30 lgre, blac 61 61.44 fi 15 lgre 62 61.57 fi 30 lgre 63 61.71 ti 75 64 62 .00 fi 30 lgre 65 62.25 ti 70 66 62.40 fi 25 lgre 67 62 .59 fi 35 lgre 68 62 .97 fi 65 ·whit 69 64.06 fisl 5 blac, gray 70 64 .26 fisl 20 ggre 71 64 .40 fi 85 gray

Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape

fracture

1rre sulf 1rre

carb, sulf me

1rre

sulf 1rre carb, sulf me

sulf curv

1rre carb curv

m1ca irre

1rre 1rre

irre

irre 1rre

1rre

plan

plan carb curv

irre

1rre

me

plan

irre m1ca 1rre

irre m1ca curv

irre mica 1rre m1ca 1rre carb 1rre carb 1rre

1rre carb plan

Fracture

roughness

srou srou

srou

srou

srou

srou

srou

smoo

srou

srou

srou

smoo srou

srou

srou

srou

srou

srou smoo

srou

Remarks

pyrite

pyrite

closed, pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

mainly closed closed closed

closed closed

closed

slippy

in addition to fractures core

have micro fractures closed

closed closed

closed

closed

closed

closed

closed

spitted

t'""-4 ~·

0 H)

q. ~ (")

2 ..., (U

Y' 0 t'""-4

~ Id 0\

)> 'U "0

(U

~ 0.. x· 00 i.o

Vl 0

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of

number depth depth angle fracture

m m CO) surface

72 64.57 ti 20

73 64.60 ti 75

74 64 .64 ti 15

75 64 .92 ti 60

76 65.12 fi 60 blac, ggre

77 65.45 fi 15 lgre

78 65 .47 fi 50 lgre

79 65 .72 fisl 25 blac

80 65.77 ti 20

81 65.88 fi 10 lgra

82 65.98 fi 15 lgre

83 65 .99 fi 40 ggre

84 66.13 fi 75 gray

85 66.26 ti 70

86 66.29 ti 80

87 66.50 fi 90 whit

88 66.90 fi 75 lgre

89 67 .21 fi 20 b1ac, ggre

90 69.76 ti 55

91 70.14 fi 75 gray

92 71.24 ti 25

93 71.49 ti 40

94 72.59 ti 65

95 73 .24 fi 70 blac, gray, lbro

96 73 .75 fi 70 gray

97 75 .15 fi 90 lbro

98 75.18 fisl 25 blac 99 75 .38 fi 15 dgra 100 75.62 ft 75 lbro 101 76. 92 ti 60 102 76.97 ti 50 103 77 .00 fisl 50 blac 104 77 .13 fisl 10 blac 105 77.20 fi 85 blac 106 77.41 ti 70 107 77.46 fi sl 10 blac, gray

Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape

fracture liTe

liTe

1rre

curv

plan

mtca liTe

sulf 1rre curv

irre

quar 5 liTe

irre

liTe

liTC

liTC curv

carb curv

sulf irre liTC

irre

irre

irre

1rre

curv

carb, sulf plan

carb 0.5 curv

sulf liTe

curv

irre

sulf liTe

curv 1rre curv

liTe

irre

trre l!TC

Fracture roughness

srou

srou

roug

smoo

srou

roug

roug

srou

srou roug

roug

roug

srou

roug

smoo

srou

srou

srou

srou

srou

srou

smoo

srou

srou srou

-

Remarks

closed

closed

closed

closed

closed

closed

closed

closed

partly closed

closed

pyrite

vein contact, mainly closed

closed

closed

mainly closed

undulating

r ~-

0 ....... t:i• PJ ()

2 '"1 (1)

Y' 0 r ~ ~ 0\

)> '0 '0

(1) ;.:l p.. x· 00 \D

Vl

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

m m (0) surface 108 77 .61 fi 20 whit, lgre, blac 109 77 .88 ti 80 \V hit 110 77.97 fi 10 blac, lgra 111 79.45 fi 5 blac, lbro

112 79.52 fi 85 lgra 113 79 .64 ti 40 114 81.37 fi 80 gray

115 83 .29 fi 40

116 83.37 ti 25

117 83.40 ti 25

118 83 .69 ti 90 11 9 83 .79 fi 85 whit, lbro

120 84.00 ti 50

121 84.21 fisl 25 blac, dgra

122 84 .64 fi 75 lgra

123 85 .25 ti 70 124 85.41 fi 80 blac, gray

125 85 .56 ti 5 lbro

126 85.65 fi 90 gray

127 86.17 fisl 20 blac

128 86.26 fisl 40 blac, gray

129 86 .29 fi 70 dgra

130 86 .37 fi 70 dgra 131 86.42 fisl 40 blac 132 86.50 ti 80 133 86.72 ti 15 134 86. 94 fi 20 lgra 135 87.14 fisl 25 blac, gree 136 87.24 fisl 15 blac, gree 137 87.90 fi 45 blac 138 88 .75 ti 25 139 88 .89 ti 45 140 89.46 ti 65 141 89. 53 fi 55 gray 142 89.78 ti 10 143 89.95 fi 70 whit

Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape

fracture karb, mica curv

carb liTC

carb 1 curv sulf, carb irre

carb, sulf curv

curv

1rre

irre

irre

irre

plan carb, sulf liTe

liTe

sulf curv

carb irre plan curv

su1f liTe

carb irre

chlo, sulf liTe irre

sulf irre

liTe

liTe irre

irre carb liTe

1 plan

plan

liTC

liTC

curv

irre carb, sulf 0.5 plan

IITC

carb, sulf IITC

Fracture roughness

roug

srou

srou srou

srou

roug

srou

srou

srou

srou roug

srou roug srou smoo

roug srou

srou roug

roug

smoo srou

srou

smoo smoo

srou

srou

srou

srou srou

roug

Remarks

crystals

undulating, partly closed, pyrite

partly closed

closed

closed

pyrite

pyrite

closed

undulating, pyrite

pyrite

closed

not picked up

not picked up

closed

I

I

I

L" ~·

0 -. ::::;"> p:> (')

~ (i)

v(/l

0 L"

~ :;tl

0\

)> "0 "'d (i)

~ 0.. ;/, ' 00 \0

V1 N

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

m m (0) surface 144 90. 18 fi 80 gray, lbro 145 92.64 fi 15 bgre 146 92.74 ti 80 147 92.95 fisl 15 gray,ggre 148 93.09 fi 15 lgre . 149 93 .12 ti 50 150 93.23 ti 70 151 93.34 fi 70 whit 152 93.61 fi 10 lgre 153 93 .64 fi 10 lgre 154 93 .94 fi 15 lgre 155 94.19 fi 15 lgre, ·whit 156 94.33 fi 15 lgre 157 95 .28 ti 10 158 95.52 fi 85 whit 159 96 .18 fi 80 whit 160 96.72 fi 80 whit, lbro 16 1 98.52 ti 80 162 98. 55 ti 80 163 98.88 fi 45 gray 164 99. 51 ti 85 165 99 .70 fi 10 lgre, gray 166 100.66 fi 55 blac, dgre 167 100.81 ti 80 168 100.82 fi 75 whit 169 101 .12 fi 80 whit 170 101 .13 ti 75 171 101 .95 fi 20 172 102.17 ti 75 173 102 .37 ti 65 174 102.54 ti 70 175 103.07 fi 15 lgre 176 ] 03.44 fi 60 lgra 177 103 .88 ti 65 178 104.66 fi 80 lgra 179 104.99 ti 10

----

Fracture Thickness Fracture

filling of filled shape

fracture

sulf me mtca 1rre

1rre

plan

1rre

1rre

me carb me m1ca 1rre m1ca 1rre mtca 1rre

mica, carb plan mica 1rre

irre carb 1rre

carb, mica 2 plan carb, sulf irre

irre

1rre 1rre

irre mtca 1rre

me

1rre carb 1rre carb 1rre

1rre

curv

1rre

1rre

1rre mtca 1rre mica 1rre

1rre carb irre

trre

Fracture

roughness

srou

smoo

srou

smoo

roug

roug

roug

srou

srou

srou

srou

roug

smoo

roug

roug

roug

roug

roug

srou

srou

roug

roug

roug

srou

Remarks

pyrite

closed

closed

closed

closed

closed closed

partly closed

closed

closed

closed

partly closed

closed

closed

partly closed

closed

r ~·

0 ......, q-> PJ (")

2 ...., ~

Y' 0 r ~ id 0\

)> '"Cl '"Cl ~ ::I 0... x· 00

1.0

V1 w

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

m m (0) surface uw 105.13 fi 85 lgra 181 105.40 ti 10 182 105 .95 fi 50 whit 183 107.14 fi 85 gree, lgra 184 l 07 .39 ti 20 185 108.11 fi 80 lgra, lbro 186 108.51 fi 75 gree, blac 187 108.93 fi 5 lgra 188 109.44 ti 50 189 109.56 fi 70 dgre, b1ac, lgra 190 109.64 ti 10 191 109.76 ti 25 192 110.32 ti 75 193 111.01 fi 5 lgre 194 111.07 fi 70 dgra 195 111.25 fi 75 whit 196 112.30 fi 70 whit 197 113 .80 fi 70 blac, dgre

198 115.36 fi 15 blac, lgre 199 116.22 fi 60 lgre 200 116.75 fi 45 lgra 201 117.10 ti 10 202 117.11 fi 70 lgra, dgra 203 117.15 fi 70 lgra 204 117.36 fisl 5 blac, gray 205 117.42 fi 30 lgra 206 117.69 fisl 10 gray, b1ac 207 117.83 ti 45 208 118.95 fisl 10 blac, lgre 209 119.75 fisl 10 blac, lgre 210 119.86 fi 60 blac 211 119.88 fis1 15 blac 212 120.13 fisl 50 blac 213 120.14 fi 75 blac, gray 214 120.39 fisl 65 blac 215 120.48 fisl 40 b1ac

Fracture Thickness Fracture

filling of filled shape fracture

carb irre

1rre carb curv

carb 1rre

llTC

carb, sulf liTe liTe

carb 1rre

1rre carb 1rre

1rre 1rre liTe

mica irre irre

carb curv carb liTe

irre 1rre

carb, su1f curv

plan irre

carb plan carb 1rre

plan carb 1rre carb 1 plan

plan

1rre

1rre irre

1rre 1rre

carb 1rre curv 1rre

Fracture

roughness

srou

roug roug

roug

roug

roug

roug

roug

roug roug roug

srou roug

srou

srou

srou smoo

roug

srou

srou

srou smoo

smoo

smoo smoo srou smoo smoo

Remarks

closed

partly closed

pyrite

undulating

closed

closed closed

closed closed

closed

closed

spitted

t"""' u; · ...... 0 I-:)

~ Pl (")

c (i1

V(/)

~ ~ 0\

p. 'U '0 re ::J 0.. ;;;: · oc '-0

VI ~

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

m m (0) surface 216 123.42 fi 65 blac, lbro 217 123.91 ti 45 218 124.23 fi 75 blac, lbro 219 124.39 fi 70 blac, lbro 220 124.60 fisl 35 blac 221 124.71 ti 60 222 126.47 fi 60 whit, lbro 223 126.71 fisl 60 blac, lbro 224 126.93 fisl 40 blac, dgra 225 127.10 fi 90 blac. gray 226 127.48 fisl 50 blae, gray, lbro 227 127.67 fisl 30 blac, gray, lbro 228 128.22 fisl 30 blac, gray, lbro 229 128.58 fi 25 lgre 230 129.08 fi 65 gray 231 129.54 fisl 45 blac 232 129.9 1 fi 55 blac, lgra 233 130.10 fi 60 blac, lbro, lgra 234 130.20 fisl 50 blac, gray 235 130.22 fisl 50 blac, lgre 236 130.33 fi 70 lgra 237 130.49 ti 10 blav, whit 238 130.54 fi 70 whit 239 130.72 fi 70 whit, blac 240 130.84 fi 70 blac, gray 241 130.90 fisl 15 blac, gray, lbro 242 131.01 ti 70 243 131.04 fi 35 lbro, blac, gray 244 131.82 fisl 15 blac, gray, Ibro 245 131.96 ti 75 246 132.10 ti 40 247 132.19 fisl 40 blac, lbro 248 132.24 .

fi 45 blac, lbro 249 132.45 fi 20 blac, lbro 250 132.77 fisl 50 blac 251 133 .24 fi 35 blac

Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape

fracture sulf plan

irre sulf irre

sulf curv

1rre

irre

carb, sulf 1 1rre sulf plan carb 1rre carb curv

carb, sulf plan carb, sulf me carb, sulf 1rre

me

1rre grap I irre

carb irre carb, sulf curv

carb 1rre

plan

carb 1rre

1rre

carb 0.5 irre carb irre

carb, sulf 1rre sulf, carb 1rre

1rre sulf, carb plan carb, sulf 1rre

curv

1rre sulf plan sulf curv sulf irre grap plan

1rre

Fracture

roughness

smoo

srou

srou

smoo

smoo

roug

srou

smoo

smoo

smoo

smoo

smoo

srou

srou smoo

srou

smoo

srou

smoo

roug

roug

srou

srou

srou

roug

smoo

smoo

srou

smoo

srou srou

smoo srou

Remarks

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

splitted, pyrite

closed

spitted

pyrite

closed

splitted, pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

closed

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

r ~·

0 ,...,., ::::jl

~ 2 '"1 ~ ~(/)

0 l'

~ :;o 0\

)> '"0 '"0 ~ :::1 0.. ;;: · 00 \()

V1 VI

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

m m (0) surface 252 13 3.26 ti 75 253 133 .74 c1fi 80 b1ac, gray 254 133 .78 fi 85 blac, lgray 255 134 .04 fisl 35 gray, blac, lbro

256 134.09 fi 15 blac, gray, lbro

257 134.13 fi 50 gray 258 134.26 fi 70 blac, lbro ·

259 134.29 ti 70 260 134.36 ti 75 261 134.97 fi 70 lbro, gray 262 135.49 ti 80 263 135 .65 ti 65

264 135.95 fi 80 blac, lbro

265 136.84 fi 55 whit

266 136.93 fi 55 gray

267 137 .65 ti 60

268 137.69 fi 80 gray

269 138.25 fi 80 ggra

270 138.31 fi 85 ggra, lbro

271 138.36 fi 25 dgra, lbro

272 138.68 fi 90 green, lbro

273 139.02 fi 80 dgre

274 139.28 ti 70 275 139.30 ti 85 276 139.78 fi 80 whit 277 140.09 fi 80 278 141.75 fi 40 ggra, lbro 279 141.84 ti 70 ggra 280 142.61 ti 75 281 142.95 fi 85 ggra 282 143.20 fi 80 ggra, lbro, blac 283 143.65 fi 70 ggra, lbro 284 144.14 ti 50 285 144.35 fi 75 dgra. lbro 286 144 .78 fi 65 blac, lgra 287 144.82 ti 70

Fracture Thickness Fracture

filling of filled shape

fracture

liTe

1rre

carb 1rre

carb, sulf curv

carb, sulf plan

carb curv

sulf 1rre

1rre

irre

sulf 0 .5 me

plan

1rre

sulf irre

kaol irrc

1rre

irre

me

sulf irre sulf 1rre

sulf 1 irre

sulf plan

irre

curv

irre

kaol CUIV

1rre

sulf 1rre

irre

irre

sulf 1rre sulf me sulf 1rre

irre sulf 1rre

carb, sulf plan

irre

Fracture

roughness

srou

srou

srou

srou

srou

roug

roug

srou

srou

smoo

srou

roug

srou

roug

roug

srou

srou

srou

srou

srou

roug

roug

srou

roug

srou

srou

roug

roug

roug

roug

roug

srou

roug

srou

Remarks

closed

crystals

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyri te

pyrite

mostly closed, little cavern

pyrite

partly closed

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

closed

r u;· ....... 0 ~.

::;> ~ n 2 ...., (1)

;.n 0 ~

~ :;d

0\

)> "0 '"d

(1)

:::s c. ;;,· ~ \D

Vl 0\

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

m m (0) surface

288 145 .07 fi 50 1bro, b1ac

289 145 .29 fi 75 whit

290 145.34 ft 70 gray, lbro

291 146.27 ti 45

292 147.08 ti 60

293 147.13 ti 60

294 147.29 fi 70 blac, lgre

295 147.40 fi 35 1gra

296 147.41 fisl 60 blac

297 fisl 50

298 fisl 50 blac

299 148.44 ti 70

300 148.53 ftsl 20 blac

301 148.84 ti 50

302 148.89 ti 55

303 148.92 ti 55

304 149.02 fisl 50 blac

305 149.32 fi 40 gray

306 150.61 fisl 50 blac, lbro

307 150.81 fi 55 blac, 1bro

308 151.30 ti 70

309 151.41 fi 80 blac, lgra, lbro

310 151.53 fis1 75 blac

311 151.54 fi 65 b1ac, whit

312 151.56 fi 55 blac

313 151.67 fisl 65 blac 314 151.75 fisl 65 blac 315 152.32 fisl 45 b1ac 316 152.35 fi 70 dgra 317 152.42 ftsl 35 blac 318 152.44 fi 40 blac 319 152. 50 fi 70 blac 320 152.56 fi 50 b1ac, gray 321 152 .58 fis1 50 blac 322 152 .69 fi s1 55 b1ac, dgra, lbro 323 154 .90 fis1 50 dgra

Fracture Thickness Fracture

filling of filled shape

fracture

sulf irre

kao1 liTC

sulf, kaol 1 liTe

plan

curv

curv

curv

carb liTe

1rre

plan

curv

irre

grap irre

irre 1rre

irre

plan

carb, sulf 1rre

carb irre

sulf irre

irre

carb, su1f 1rre

plan

1rre

1rre

1rre

grap liTe

sulf 1rre

me

plan 1rre 1rre

1rre irre

su1f irre clay 1rre

-----

Fracture

roughness

srou

srou

srou

roug

srou

srou

srou

smoo

smoo

smoo

roug

smoo

roug roug

smoo roug

srou roug

srou

srou

smoo

roug

smoo

srou

srou

smoo

smoo smoo srou

srou srou smoo smoo

Remarks

closed, pyrite, little caverns

pyrite

depth incorrect, core loss

depth incorrect, core loss !

closed

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

closed

pyrite

pyrite

also clfi

r ~·

0 ....,., q> ~ n 8 '""I (il

.• UJ

22 ~ ~ 0\

)> '"d '"d (il ~ p.. ><· 00 \.0

Vl -...)

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

111 111 (0) surface 324 154.90 155.13

325 ti 60 326 155.21 fisl 20 blac, ggre 327 155.26 fi 50 blac, lbro 328 155 .29 fi 70 blac, lbro 329 155.46 fi 45 blac 330 155.49 fi 45 blac 331 155.93 ti 80 332 156.82 ti 25 333 158.37 fisl 65 blac 334 159.77 fi 55 whit 335 160.48 ti 35 336 161.95 fi 55 dgra, 1bro 337 162.53 ti 25 338 163.02 ti 40 339 165.17 fi 50 \vhit, gray 340 166.60 fi 30 whit 341 167.52 ti 25 342 169.10 fi 60 dgra, lbro 343 169.44 fi 80 gray, blac, lbro 144 169.65 fi 65 gray

Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape

fracture

1rre curv

sulf irre sulf 1rre

irre

trre 1rre

irre grap plan kaol irre

curv sulf plan

plan irre

kaol irre plan irre

sulf irre sulf plan

curv

Fracture Remarks roughness

grushed rock and a little clay core loss 0. 07 m

srou depth incorrect, core loss srou

srou pyrite srou pyrite

not picked up

not picked up roug

srou smoo srou srou smoo pyrite srou roug srou srou

closed srou pyrite smoo pyrite srou

r ~·

0 ...-.;

~ Pl (")

2" ....., {1)

"Ul

0 r-' ~ ~ 0\

)> 'U 'U

{1)

::l p. ~ ·

00 1,()

VI 00

Fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

m m (0) surface

1 4.03 fi 55 lbro

2 4 .09 fi 60 gray

3 4.27 fi 80 lbro

4 4.58 fi 40 gray, lbro

5 4.75 fi 80 gray

6 5.05 fi 85 dgra

7 5.21 fi 45 lbro, gray 8 5.24 fi 70 gray 9 5.42 fi 50 gray, lgra

10 5.46 fi 50 whit

1 1 5.62 fi 75 blac, whit

12 6.33 fi 60 whit

13 7 .12 ti 35

14 7.20 ti 50

15 7.63 fi 30 dgra, lbro

16 7.85 ti 70

17 9.32 fisl 40 blac

18 9.79 fi 60 blac, lbro

19 10.12 fi 60

20 1 1.18 ti 70

21 11 .54 fi 80 blac, lgra

22 11 .78 clfi 55 gray 23 ] 1.93 clfi 75 blac, gray 24 12.02 clfi 45 blac, gray 25 12.07 clfi 20 gray 26 12.11 clfi 40 blac, gray 27 12.14 clfi 35 blac, gray 28 12.18 clfi 35 blac, gray 29 12.35 fi 55 blac, lbro 30 12 .38 fi 45 dgra, lbro 31 13 .94 fi 70 1bro 32 14.80 ti 70 33 ] 5.39 fi 55 whit 34 16 .67 ti 85 35 16.89 fi 40 dgra, lbro 36 17.21 fi 50 gray, whit

Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape

fracture

sulf 1rre

curv

sulf irre carb 0.5 irre

irre 0.5 ine

carb 1 curv carb ine

carb 0.5 plan

0.5 ine

carb 0.5 1rre

carb 1 curv

1rre

ine sulf plan

1rre ine

sulf irre

irre liTe

ine

plan ine

plan

liTe

plan

plan

plan sulf liTe sulf 1rre sulf 1rre

1rre carb 0.5 1rre

plan sulf curv

carb, sulf 1rre

Fracture

roughness

srou

srou

srou

roug

srou

srou roug

srou

srou

srou

roug

roug srou

srou srou srou

roug

roug

srou

smoo

srou

srou

srou

srou srou roug srou roug

Remarks

pyrite

pyrite

closed

closed

pyrite

pyrite

not picked up

not picked up

not picked up

not picked up

not picked up

not picked up

pyrite pyrite

~ ~· 0 ,....,..

::r• ~ ()

~ ~

Y'

~ ~ 0\ td

)> '0 '0 g 0.. ;.:: · (X)

\0

Vo \0

fracture Start End Type Fracture Colour of number depth depth angle fracture

m m (0) surface 37 17 .84 fi 80 whit, lbro 38 17.97 fi 30 lbro 39 18.24 fi 60 whit 40 18.57 fi 90 whit 41 18.58 fi 80 whit 42 18.71 fi 60 whit, lbro 43 18.94 fi 75 lbro 44 19.13 fi 65 gray, lbro 45 19.22 ti 35 46 19.3 3 ti 40 47 20.10 ti 65 48 20.59 ti 55 49 21 .14 fi 85 gray 50 22.90 fi 75 lbro 51 23.36 ti 85 52 23.42 fi 55 whit 53 24.11 fi 65 whit, gray 54 24.62 fi 80 lgra 55 24.67 fi 90 gray, lbro 56 27 .04 fi 45 lgra, blac

57 27.28 ti 65

58 27.96 ti 70 59 28 .04 fi 65 gray 60 29.19 ti 55 6 1 29.46 ti 85 62 29.92 fi 70 gray 63 30 .02 fi 80 whit 64 30.78 fi 80 blac, whit 65 30.86 fi 65 ggre 66 31.22 fi 65 gray, \ V hit 67 31 .27 fi 60 whit, lbro 68 31 .89 fi 65 gray 69 32 .09 fi 60 gray 70 32.28 fi 20 lgra, lbro 71 33.05 fi 30 72 37 .10 ti 30

Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape

fracture

carb, sulf plan sulf 1rre

carb irre

carb, sulf me carb, sulf irre carb, sulf 1rre

sulf 1rre

sulf irre

me

1rre

curv

irre

plan

sulf me

1rre carb 1rre

carb, sulf 1rre

1rre

sulf liTe

carb 0.5 irre

1rre

1rre

carb 1rre

1rre

plan carb 0.5 1rre kaol 1rre kaol l!TC

carb 1rre carb 0.5 m·e

sulf 1rre carb 1 1rre carb 1 1rre

carb, sulf 1rre 1rre

irre

Fracture

roughness

srou

srou

srou

roug

roug

roug

roug

roug

roug

srou

roug

roug

srou roug

srou roug

srou

srou

srou

roug

srou

srou srou

srou

roug

roug

roug

srou

srou

srou

srou srou srou

srou

Remarks

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

pyrite

closed

pyrite

pyrite

core is crushed

closed

pyrite partly closed

partly closed

r ~·

0 ,....,..,

q; ~ (")

~ Y' 0 r ~ ~ ~

tD

> 'U '"d

('1)

::l 0.. ;:::: · ~ \0

0\ 0

Fractwe Start End Type Fracture Colour of

nu1nber depth depth angle fracture

m m (0) surface

73 39 .17 ti 30 blac

74 40.27 fi 75 lgra

75 40 .76 ti 35

76 41.27 ti 80 77 41.57 fi 75 gray

78 42.43 ti 65

79 42.48 fi 50 lgray

80 42 .56 fi 30 gray

81 42.60 fisl 20 lgre, gray

82 42.67 ti 45

83 42.78 fi 0 gray

84 42.85 fi 25 lgre

85 42.93 fi 25 lgre

86 43 .16 ti 80

87 43.82 fi 80 gray, lbro

88 43.94 fi 80 \1-,'hit

89 44 .28 ti 40

90 44.45 ti 85

91 44.47 fi 70 \Vhit

92 44.72 ti 60

93 44 .78 fi 80 dgra, lbro

Fracture Thickness Fracture

filling of filled shape

fracture

1n-e

carb 1n-e

plan

plan

carb 0 .5 lHC

tn-e

carb 1n-e

tn-e

plan

I n-e

carb 1 curv

1n-e

1n-e

curv

carb, sulf plan

1n-e

in-e

irre

carb, sulf 1 curv

1rre

---~~!~~ult __ · __ L__ _________ L__~ll~_' _

Fracture Remarks

roughness

closed

srou

roug

srou

srou

closed

roug

roug partly closed

smoo

closed

roug splitted, undulating

closed

closed

srou

srou pyrite

closed

closed

closed

roug pyrite

closed

srou p~'rite -----

I

r' ~-

0 ....... ~ ~

~ c '"1 (1)

Y' 0 r'

~ :;;::; ()\

to

)> '"0 '"0

(1) :::; c.. ;..<

cc '-0

()\

63

Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-KR16 Appendix 8.10

Start End All fractures ~aturalfractures RQD Remarks m m pc/m pc/m %

40.37 41 0 41 42 4 2 85 42 43 4 3 92 43 44 1 2 100 44 45 5 3 96 45 46 5 2 100 46 47 2 1 100 47 48 7 5 99 48 49 8 10 67 49 50 3 3 91 50 51 6 3 100 51 52 1 0 100 52 53 1 1 100 53 54 3 1 100 54 55 2 0 100 55 56 1 0 100 56 57 4 2 100 57 58 9 6 71 58 59 1 1 100 59 60 8 3 100 60 61 7 6 97 61 62 4 9 78 62 63 4 4 100 63 64 8 0 100 64 65 8 8 93 65 66 4 7 92 66 67 4 5 97 67 68 3 1 100 68 69 3 0 100 69 70 5 1 100 70 71 2 1 100 71 72 2 2 100 72 73 5 1 100 73 74 5 2 100 74 75 1 0 100 75 76 4 4 97 76 77 8 3 92 77 78 16 7 79 78 79 4 0 100 79 80 8 3 93 80 81 4 0 100 81 82 2 1 100 82 83 3 0 100 83 84 8 6 79 84 85 5 2 100 85 86 5 4 91 86 87 20 8 67 87 88 13 3 90 88 89 4 2 100 89 90 4 4 93

64

Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-KR16 Appendix 8. 1 0

Start End All fractures ~aturalfractures RQD Remarks

m m pc/m pc/m %

90 91 2 1 100 91 92 2 0 100 92 93 13 3 90 93 94 6 7 94 94 95 6 2 100 95 96 2 2 100 96 97 3 2 100 97 98 4 0 100 98 99 4 3 97 99 100 6 2 100

100 101 6 ..., 99 .)

101 102 6 3 99 102 103 3 3 100 103 104 3 3 100 104 105 3 2 100 105 106 2 3 100 106 107 4 0 100 107 108 3 2 100 108 109 6 3 100 109 110 3 4 92 110 111 3 1 100 111 112 2 3 94 112 113 1 1 100 113 114 2 1 100 I14 115 1 0 100 115 116 6 I IOO I16 117 3 2 100 117 1I8 12 7 89 I18 119 3 1 IOO 119 120 7 3 99 I20 12I 8 4 90 I21 122 7 0 100 122 123 1 0 100 123 124 5 2 100 124 125 5 4 lOO 125 126 I 0 100 126 127 7 3 93 127 128 3 3 99 128 129 3 2 100 129 130 6 3 IOO 130 131 14 9 77 131 I32 9 4 97 132 133 9 5 86 133 134 4 4 95 134 135 13 7 81 135 136 3 3 100 136 137 4 2 91 137 138 3 2 96 138 139 5 4 89 139 140 5 4 98

65

Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-KR16 Appendix 8.1 0

Start End All fractures Natural fractures RQD Remarks m m pc/m pc/m %

140 141 4 1 100 141 142 5 2 91 142 143 5 2 lOO

143 144 2 2 100 144 145 3 4 96 145 146 7 3 95 146 147 4 1 100 147 148 12 6 92 core loss, values incorrect 148 149 15 6 75 core loss, values incorrect 149 150 2 2 98 150 151 4 2 100 151 152 8 7 89 152 153 15 8 74 153 154 2 0 100 154 155 15 1 90 core loss, values incorrect 155 156 14 7 89 core loss, values incorrect I 56 I 57 3 I 100 157 158 1 0 100 I 58 159 I 1 IOO I 59 160 2 1 100 I60 I61 4 1 100 161 162 4 1 100 I62 163 5 1 100 163 164 2 1 100 164 165 3 0 100 165 166 3 1 100 166 167 3 1 100 167 168 1 1 100 168 169 4 3 100 169 170.2 1 0

66

Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-KR16B Appendix 8.1 0

Start End All fractures N atura1 fractures RQD Remarks

m m pc/m pc/m %

3.65 4 3 4 5 20 5 94 breaks over 20

5 6 4 6 93 6 7 2 1 100 7 8 5 4 92 8 9 3 0 100 9 10 3 2 100

10 11 3 1 IOO 11 I2 6 4 93 12 13 IS 7 79 I3 I4 3 I IOO

14 I5 3 I 100 15 I6 3 1 IOO

16 17 3 2 IOO I7 I8 5 3 100 18 19 6 5 99 19 20 4 3 91 20 21 2 2 100 21 22 3 1 IOO 22 23 6 I 100 23 24 5 2 94 24 25 3 3 95 25 26 2 0 100 26 27 4 0 IOO 27 28 4 3 96 28 29 4 I 96 29 30 8 3 92 30 31 I7 3 90 31 32 4 3 95 32 33 6 2 100 33 34

,., I 100 .)

34 35 4 0 100 35 36 9 0 100 36 37 3 0 IOO 37 38 8 1 100 38 39 3 0 100 39 40 3 I 100 40 41 3 2 IOO 4I 42 3 2 100 42 43 I2 8 50 43 44 7 3 100 44 45 3 5 92 45 45 .2

67

Fractured zones, core loss, OL-KR16 Appendix 8.11

Start End Class ofthe Core loss Remarks

m m fractured zone m

147.40 148.20 0.25

154.90 155.19 0.07

69

Drilling water samples Appendix 8. 12

Borehole OL-KR16

Date Time Depth Flowmeter reading Quantity Batch Electric Label

conduc- concentration

litres tivity

m before after litres no mS/m ~g I 1 9.11. 16:30 40.34 122 000 125 000 3000 1 15.5 549 9.11. 18 :40 44.55 125 000 128 000 3000 2 15.4 552

10.11. 1:44 50.41 128 000 131 000 3000 3 16.2 548 10.11. 5:15 59.17 131 000 134 000 3000 4 15.9 546 10.11. 13 :00 66.70 134 000 137 000 3000 5 15.6 565 10.11. 20:10 73 .14 137 000 140 000 3000 6 15 .7 562 11.11. 0:45 78.99 140 000 143 000 3000 7 15. 8 558 11.11. 7:00 86.00 143 000 146 000 3000 8 15.4 549 11.11. 15 :15 90.46 146 000 149 000 3000 9 16.1 549 ll.ll. 19:30 96.29 149 000 152 000 3000 10 15 .6 590 12.11. 4:30 101.52 152 000 155 000 3000 11 14.0 568 12.11. 8:30 110.31 155 000 158 000 3000 12 15.5 560 12.11. 15 :00 115 .54 158 000 161 000 3000 13 15 .6 537 12.11. 21:15 120.64 161 000 164 000 3000 14 15.4 571 13.11. 2:15 124.50 164 000 167 000 3000 15 15.1 587 13 .11. 7:10 130.40 167 000 170 000 3000 16 16.8 565 13 .11. 12:35 137.54 170 000 173 000 3000 17 16.3 561 13 .11. 16:35 143.11 173 000 176 000 3000 18 15.3 546 13 .11. 22:55 146.42 176 000 179 000 3000 19 16.0 570 14.11. 2:40 151.94 179 000 182 000 3000 20 15 .6 552 14.11. 8:10 156.89 182 000 185 000 3000 21 16.8 485 14.11. 13 :25 162.65 185 000 188 000 3000 22 15.4 540 14.11. 17:20 165 .60 188 000 191 000 3000 23 15.1 571 14.11. 23 :25 170.20 191 000 194 000 3000 24 16.0 542 15 .11. 2:50 Flushing 194 000 197 000 3000 25 16.6 491

Borehole OL-KR16B

Date Time Depth Flowmeter reading Quantity Batch Electric Label

conduc- concentration

litres tivity

m before after litres no mS/m ~g I I 17.11. 11:00 0.00 197 000 200 000 3000 1 15.1 466 17.11. 12:20 8.42 200 000 203 000 3000 2 15.0 508 18.11. 9:20 19.38 203 000 206 000 3000

..., 15.6 464 -'

18 .11. 20:10 32.64 206 000 209 000 3000 4 15 .0 455 19.11. 7:30 36.93 209 000 212 000 3000 5 15 .1 493 19.11. 11:05 43 .96 212 000 215 000 3000 6 15.4 486

-------------------------------------------- -

71 Returning water samples Appendix 8 .13

Borehole OL-KR16

Date Time Depth Sample Drilling water Label batch consentration

m no no Jlg I 1 1 0.11. 7:00 53 .29 1 3 175 11.11. 7:00 78.99 2 6 376 12.11. 7:20 101.52 3 10 352 13.11. 7:30 126.41 4 15 317 14.11. 6:30 149.04 5 19 265 17.11. end of pumping 12

Borehole OL-KR16B

Date Time Depth Sample Drilling water Label batch consentration

m no no Jlg I 1 18.11. 8:55 7.80 6 27 335 19.11. 7:20 32.08 7 4 499 20.11. end of pumping 20

73

Appendix 8.14

EZ-SHOT DEVIATION SURVEY

Borehole OLKILUOTO, OL-KR16

Initial azimuth 0 degrees

Initial dip 90 degrees

Magnetic declination 4.50 degrees

Start X =423.01 Y = 797.15 Z = 8.73

Point Depth X y z Azimuth Dip 1 0 423.01 797.15 8.73 0.00 90.00

2 3 423.01 797.15 5.73 0.00 89.90

3 6 423.02 797.15 2.73 0.00 89.63 4 9 423.04 797.15 -0.27 356.12 89.44

5 12 423.08 797.15 -3.27 356.38 89.24 6 15 423.12 797.14 -6.27 355.91 89.06

7 18 423.18 797.14 -9.27 355.64 88.87 8 21 423.24 797.13 -12.27 355.86 88.68

9 24 423.32 797.13 -15.27 356.02 88.49 10 27 423.40 797.12 -18.27 355.80 88.31

11 30 423.49 797.12 -21.27 355.91 88.12

12 33 423.60 797.11 -24.26 356.03 87.93

13 36 423.71 797.10 -27.26 355.88 87.74

14 39 423.83 797.09 -30.26 355.76 87.55

15 42 423.96 797.08 -33.26 355.79 87.39 16 45 424.10 797.07 -36.25 355.70 87.33 17 48 424.24 797.06 -39.25 355.27 87.34 18 51 424.38 797.05 -42.25 354.82 87.35 19 54 424.52 797.04 -45.24 354.37 87.37 20 57 424.66 797.02 -48.24 353.89 87.40 21 60 424.79 797.01 -51.24 353.85 87.42 22 63 424.92 796.99 -54.23 353.80 87.43

23 66 425.06 796.98 -57.23 353.75 87.45

24 69 425.19 796.96 -60.23 353.71 87.47

25 72 425.32 796.95 -63.22 353.66 87.49

26 75 425.45 796.93 -66.22 353.61 87.51

27 78 425.58 796.92 -69.22 353.32 87.54

28 81 425.71 796.90 -72.22 353.04 87.56

29 84 425.83 796.89 -75.21 353.01 87.57

30 87 425.96 796.87 -78.21 352.73 87.58

74

Appendix 8.14

Point Depth X y z Azimuth Dip 31 90 426.08 796.86 -81.21 351.87 87.57 32 93 426.21 796.84 -84.21 351.09 87.53 33 96 426.34 796.82 -87.20 349.89 87.50 34 99 426.47 796.79 -90.20 348.98 87.45 35 102 426.60 796.77 -93.20 348.02 87.42 36 105 426.73 796.74 -96.19 347.29 87.40 37 108 426.87 796.71 -99.19 347.13 87.38 38 111 427.00 796.67 -102.19 346.72 87.38 39 114 427.13 796.64 -105.18 346.62 87.36 40 117 427.27 796.61 -108.18 346.21 87.35 41 120 427.40 796.58 -111.18 345.81 87.35 42 123 427.54 796.54 -114.17 345.52 87.33 43 126 427.67 796.51 -117.17 345.12 87.32 44 129 427.81 796.47 -120.17 344.92 87.32 45 132 427.95 796.43 -123.16 344.83 87.30 46 135 428.08 796.40 -126.16 344.80 87.27 47 138 428.22 796.36 -129.16 345.00 87.23 48 141 428.36 796.32 -132.15 345.40 87.20 49 144 428.51 796.28 -135.15 345.82 87.15 50 147 428.65 796.25 -138.15 346.19 87.12 51 150 428.80 796.21 -141.14 345.96 87.09 52 153 428.95 796.17 -144.14 345.69 87.06 53 156 429.10 796.14 -147.14 345.56 87.05 54 159 429.25 796.10 -150.13 345.07 87.03 55 162 429.40 796.06 -153.13 344.63 87.01 56 165 429.55 796.01 -156.12 344.33 86.99 57 168 429.70 795.97 -159.12 343.88 87.01

75

Appendix 8.14

EZ-SHOT DEVIATION SURVEY

Borehole OLKILUOTO, OL-KR16B

Initial azimuth 0 degrees

Initial dip 90 degrees

Magnetic declination 4. 50 degrees

Start X =422.44 y = 794.36 z = 8.85

Point depth X y z Azimuth dip 1 0 422.44 794.36 8.85 0.00 90.00

2 3 422.44 794.37 5.85 145.78 89.71

3 6 422.42 794.38 2.85 158.90 89.42

4 9 422.38 794.39 -0.15 149.35 89.40

5 12 422.36 794.41 -3.15 140.57 89.44

6 15 422.34 794.43 -6.15 143.47 89.36

7 18 422.31 794.45 -9.15 147.13 89.26

8 21 422.27 794.47 -12.15 144.37 89.30

9 24 422.25 794.49 -15.15 139.76 89.35

10 27 422.22 794.51 -18.15 140.60 89.31

11 30 422.19 794.54 -21.15 141.34 89.21 12 33 422.16 794.57 -24.15 137.73 89.15

13 36 422.13 794.60 -27.15 135.44 89.13 14 39 422.09 794.63 -30.15 139.54 89.15

15 42 422.06 794.66 -33.15 145.74 89.20

16 45 422.02 794.68 -36.15 148.30 89.24

0

77

Olkiluoto OL-KR16

Hor1zontal pro~ect1on or the dev1at1on 1n N<orth)-E(ast) coord1nates

D N l

E

Vert1ca1 pro~ectl.on or the dev1atl.on

l

devl.otion survey 0.0 degrees

90.0 degrees SMOY

Appendix 8 .15

EZ-SHOT-borehole Inl.to1 az:l.muth 0 Inl.tl.al dl.p I Tota 1 1 ength 168.0 m 03-12-2001

m

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.0 ~--------------~--------------~--------------~---------------r------

4. 0

8.0

12. 0

16.0

50 100

EZ-SHOT-borghole deviation survgy Olk1luoto OL-KR16 Horizontal projection 1: 1000 SMOY 03-12-2001

150 200 m (Th)

~ "'0

(1)

= &. ;;< 00 -Vl

-.....) 00

m

-16.0

-12. 0

-8.0

-4a0

200 m (T)

Oa 0 - 1

4.0

8.0

12. 0

16.0

EZ-SHOT-borehole deviation survey Dlklluoto OL-KR16 Vertical projection: Axis T has the inltlal dip of the borehole 1: 1000

SMOY 03-12-2001

> '0 '0 (T) :::l 0.. ~ -

00 -Vl

-.)

'..0

m

-16. 0

-12. 0

-8. 0 --

-4.0

L---------~--------~~==~~==~====~----~---0. 0

4. 0

8. 0

12.0

50 100

EZ-SHOT-borehole deviation survey Olklluoto OL-KR16

150

Projection on the plane with the 1nlt1al borehole dip 1: 1000 SMOY 03-12-2001

200 m CT)

~ "0

(1) :::s 0.. x· 00 ...... Vl

00 0

81

Olkiluoto OL-KR16B

Hor1zontal pro~ect1on o~ the dev1at1on 1n N<orth)-E(ast) coord1nates

N

E

0

Vert1cal pro~ect1on o~ the dev1at1on

l

dev1at1on survey 0.0 degrees

D

90.0 degrees SMOY

Appendix 8. 15

EZ-SHOT-borehole In1tal az1muth 0 In:1.t1ol d1p I Toto 1 1 ength 45.0 m 03-12-2001

m

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0. 0 ~~<~----------------+----------------~----------------+---------------~~-----

4.0

8.0

12. 0

16. 0

13 25

EZ-SHOT-borgholg d9vlatlon survgy Dlklluoto OL-KR16B Horizontal projection 1: 250 SMOY 03-12-2001

38 50 m <Th)

~ '0 (1)

8. ~· 00

~

Vl

00 N

m

-16. 0 1 -12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0. 0

4. 0 -

8.0

12. 0

16. 0 t

13 25

EZ-SHOT-borehole deviation survey Olkiluoto DL-KR168

-

38 50 m (T)

Vgrtical projgction: Axis T has thg in1t1al dip or thg borgholg 1: 250 SMOY 03-12-2001

> "'0 "'0

[ ;:;<• 00 -Vt

00 w

m

-16. 0

-12.0

-8.0

-4a0

OaO +---------------+-------------~~============~=========-----~------

4. 0

8. 0

12. 0

13 25

EZ-SHOT-borehole deviation survey Olklluoto OL-KR16B

38

Projection on the plane wlth the 1n1t1al borehole dip 1: 250 SMOY 03-12-2001

50 m (T)

> '0 '"Cl (1) ::s 0.. ~ ·

00 ...... Ul

00 +:>.

Start End Rock (( <I I< )) )I I) m m type kpl kpl kpl kpl kpl kpl

154.95 155 .19 MGN/ 1 GRAN

11 )( s A Width mm k_QI kpl kpl kpl mm max

Remarks

Some short semifinished marks. In this section core loss has been reported. Short granite section in mica gneiSS.

(j 0 @ 0.. Vi' (")

s· go 0 ~

~ ~

0\

~ '"0 (i) :::3 0.. ~· 00 ~

0\

00 U1

Start End Rock (( (I I( )) )I D 11

m m type kpl kpl kpl kpl kpl kpl kpl 29.06 30.63 MGN/

GRAN

34 .56 38 .27 GRAN/ MGN

)( s A Width mm kpl kpl kpl ffilll max

100

10 > lOO

Remarks

Core breaks easily while drilling. Some not well

developed breaks and some short semifinished n1arks.

Some granite section in mica gneiss.Distance of the

breaks is mainly more than 1 0 cm.

Core breaks easily while drilling. Some not well developed breaks and some short semifinished marks. Some granite section in mica gneiss. Longest distance of the breaks is more than 1 m.

n 0 (ti 0.. (ii " ()

~ -

0 ~

~ ~

0\

~ '"0 g 0.. ~ -

00 ~

0\

00 0\

87

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88

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94

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95

155, 'I() m OL-KR 1(r, 10.12.2001

96

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97

98

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99

__, 11,9 3rt\ OL-KR 1b8 10.12.2001