Coral Reef Formations
-
Upload
arnoldodaley -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Coral Reef Formations
![Page 1: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 1/28
Coral Reef Formations
![Page 2: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 2/28
Coral Organisms
•Corals are made up of individual polyps
•Polyps form colonies
•Hermatypic corals build reefs
•Polyps secrete a calcium carbonate
skeleton
Zooxanthellae
![Page 3: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 3/28
Coral Organisms
•Cnidarians
•Nematocysts
![Page 4: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 4/28
Photosynthesis
Fixed carbon
![Page 5: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 5/28
Branching versus Boulder Corals
![Page 6: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 6/28
Reef formation
• Fringing Reef • Barrier Reef
• Patch Reef
• Apron Reef • Bank Reef
• Ribbon Reef
• Atoll Reef • Table Reef
Largest biological
constructions on earth!
![Page 7: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 7/28
Reef formation
![Page 8: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 8/28
Fringing Reef
-a reef that is directly attached to a shore or
borders it with an intervening shallow channel or
lagoon.
![Page 9: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 9/28
Barrier Reef
- a reef separated from a mainland or island
shore by a deep lagoon
![Page 10: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 10/28
Patch Reef
- an isolated, often circular reef, usually within a lagoon or embayment.
![Page 11: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 11/28
Apron Reef
- a short reef resembling a fringing reef, but more sloped; extending out
and downward from a point or peninsular shore.
![Page 12: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 12/28
Bank Reef
- a linear or semi-circular shaped-outline, larger than a patch reef.
![Page 13: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 13/28
Ribbon Reef
- a long, narrow, somewhat winding reef, usually associated with an
atoll lagoon.
![Page 14: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 14/28
Atoll Reef
- a more or less circular or continuous barrier reef extending all the way
around a lagoon without a central island.
![Page 15: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 15/28
Table Reef
-an isolated reef, approaching an atoll type, but without a lagoon.
![Page 16: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 16/28
Island Reef Formation
![Page 17: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 17/28
Reef Zonation
![Page 18: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 18/28
Reef morphology
![Page 19: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 19/28
Spur and Groove formation
![Page 20: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 20/28
Coral Ecosystems
•Oligotrophic systems
•Low nutrients lead to symbioses
•Important nurseries
•
Protection from predation
Highest biodiversity of any
ocean ecosystem!!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5d3qie3jbHk
![Page 21: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 21/28
Threats to Corals
•Bleaching
•Stressed corals expel zooxanthellae
•Corals already live at their thermal maximum
Predictions for temperature
increases are between 2 and11.5o F!!!
![Page 22: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 22/28
Threats to Corals
•Sea Level Rise
•Light attenuates with depthPredictions for sea level rise
are between 7 and 23inches!!!
![Page 23: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 23/28
Threats to Corals
•Overgrowth by macroalgae
•Increased nutrients
•Overfishing of herbivorous fish
•Dieoff of sea urchins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbN161yBBGA
![Page 24: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 24/28
![Page 25: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 25/28
Phase shifts Coral dominated
reef
Algal
overgrowth
Algal
dominance
-persistent change in two
or more variables
describing a state ofsomething
![Page 26: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 26/28
Branching versus Boulder Corals
![Page 27: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 27/28
Threats to Corals
•Hurricanes•Branching Corals
•Shallow-water corals
![Page 28: Coral Reef Formations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021303/577c83db1a28abe054b68b27/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
8/19/2019 Coral Reef Formations
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coral-reef-formations 28/28
Sea Level Rise
•Why would corals be good indicators of past sea level
rise and fall?