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Information and
Communication
Technology
Learner’s Material
9
GOVERNMENT PROPERTY
NOT FOR SALE
ALLOTTED TO
District/ School: _________________________________________
Division _________________________________________________
First Year of Use: _________________________________________
Source of Fund (Year included):__________________________
ii
Department of Education
Republic of the Philippines
Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 9 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013 ISBN: ___________
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC Undersecretary: Dinah Ocampo, Ph.D. Assistant Secretary: Lorna D. Dino, Ph.D.
Printed in the Philippines by ____________
Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS) Office Address: 2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco
Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (02) 634-1054, 634-1072 E-mail Address: [email protected]
Development Team of the Learner’s Material
Authors: Owen M. Milambiling , Cesar T. Arriola , Dante B. Bermas, Ronaldo V. Ramilo, , Rosalie P. Lujero, Virgilio O. Guevarra Jr., Diana Marie B. Dagli and Maria Angelica G. Mates
Editors: Paraluman R. Giron, Ofelia C. Flojo, and Perla H. Cuanzon.
Reviewers:
Illustrator and Layout Artists:
Subject Specialist: Owen M. Milambiling Management Team: Lolita M. Andrada, Jocelyn DR Andaya, Bella O. Mariñas, Jose D. Tuguinayo, Jr.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Module 1: PERSONAL ENTREPRENUERIAL COMPETENCIES
Explore your Understanding ……………………………………. 1
Guide Questions …………………………………………………. 2
Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………….. 2
Self- Assessment ………………………………………………… 5
Lesson 1: Important Entrepreneurial Traits ……..……………………… 6
Firm Up ……………………………………………………………. 8
Deepen ……………………………………………………………. 10
Transfer …………………………………………………………… 12
Post-Assessment ………………………………………………… 14
Feedback …………………………………………………………. 17
Module 2: ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET
Explore your Understanding …………………………………… 18
Lesson 1: Needs and Wants of the People …………………………….. 19
Lesson 2: Generating Ideas for Business ………………………………. 20
Lesson 3: Selecting the Right Ideas ……………………………………… 21
Lesson 4: Environmental Scanning ……………………………………… 23
Firm Up …………………………………………………………… 24
Deepen …………………………………………………………… 24
Transfer …………………………………………………………… 25
Post – Assessment ……………………………………………… 27
Feedback …………………………………………………………. 28
Module 3: DRAFTING ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS
Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 30
Objectives………………………………………………………………………... 30
Pre- Assessment …………………………………………………. 31
Pretest ……………………………………………………… 32
Learning Goals and Targets…………………………………….. 33
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Lesson 1: Prepare Architectural Job Requirements..………………..... 34
Skills Test............................................................................. 34
Technical Terms………………………………………………… 35
1.1 Drafting Tools, Materials and Equipment.......................... 36
1.2 Architectural Working Drawings........................................ 39
1.3 Elements of Architectural Working Drawing..................... 39
1.4 Architectural Abbreviations............................................... 54
1.5 Architectural Symbols ………..…………………………….. 55
1.6 Structural Plans……………………………………………… 58
1.7 Columns, Footings and Beams……………………………. 60
1.8 Plumbing Layout/Plans……………………………………… 62
1.9 Septic Tanks…………………………………………………. 63
1.10 Storms Drainage…………………………………………… 63
1.11 Electrical Plans…………………………………………….. 64
Summative Assessment…………………………………………………….. 67
Lesson 2: Prepare and Set-up Tools and Materials for Drawing.......... 69
Skills Test.............................................................................. 69
Technical Terms.................................................................... 69
2.1 The Importance of Drawing Tools, Materials and
Equipment........................................................................
70
2.2 Procedure in Setting up Drawing Tools, Materials and
Equipment and Standard Operating Procedure...............
72
Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 75
Lesson 3: Draft Site Development Plan................................................ 77
Skills Test............................................................................. 77
Technical Terms.................................................................... 77
3.1 Site Development Plan................................................... 78
3.2 Planning and Designing ………………………................. 79
3.3 Zoning ……..................................................................... 82
3.4 Building Code ………………........................................... 83
3.5 Lot Mensuration and Plotting.......................................... 86
v
3.4 Drafting Practices in Lot Plotting…………………………. 88
Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 92
Lesson 4. Draft Floor Plan.................................................................... 93
Definition of Terms................................................................ 94
4.1 Floor Plan........................................................................ 94
4.2 Area Planning................................................................... 98
4.3 The Work Triangle………………………………………….. 100
4.3 Garage and Carports....................................................... 106
4.4 Use of Appropriate Scale in Drawing a Floor Plan.......... 108
4.5 Architectural Use of Metric System................................... 109
4.6 Architectural Drafting Design Standards......................... 111
4.7 Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) for Walling and Partitions 112
Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 116
Lesson 5. Draft Roof Plans.................................................................... 117
Skills Test............................................................................... 118
Technical Terms..................................................................... 118
5.1 Roofs ……………….......................................................... 120
5.2 Roof Plan.......................................................................... 123
5.3 Roof Framing Plan........................................................... 126
Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 130
Lesson 6. Draft Ceiling Plan.................................................................. 130
Skills Test............................................................................... 131
Definition of Terms................................................................. 131
6.1 The Importance and Purpose of Ceiling in the Building … 132
6.2 Procedure in Drafting Reflected Ceiling Plan.................. 133
Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 137
Lesson 7. Draft Elevations and Sections........................................... 137
Skills Test................................................................................ 137
Definition of Terms................................................................. 138
7.1 Elevation........................................................................... 138
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7.2 Elevation Projection.......................................................... 140
7.3 Elevation Dimension.......................................................... 142
7.4 Procedure in Drafting Elevation……………………………. 144
7.5 Sectioning……………………………………………………. 145
7.6 Full Sections…………………………………………………. 148
7.7 Cross or Traverse Section………………………………… 150
Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 153
Lesson 8: Perform Presentation Drawings......................................... 156
Skills Test................................................................................ 156
Definition of Terms.................................................................. 156
8.1 Presentation Drawings....................................................... 157
8.2 Common Drafting Errors…………………………………….. 159
Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 159
Post Assessment………………………………………………………………. 161
References……………………………………………………………………… 163
Module 4: DRAFTING STRUCTURAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………. 165
Objectives………………………………………………………………………... 166
Pre- Assessment …………………………………………………. 167
Learning Goals and Targets…………………………………….. 169
Skills Assessment……………………………………………….. 170
Lesson 1: Draft Foundation Plans ……………..………………………….. 171
Skills Test................................................................................. 171
Technical Terms....................................................................... 171
1.1 Design of Foundation........................................................ 172
1.2 Layout and Staking………………………………………….. 172
1.3 Excavation and Backfilling………………………………….. 174
1.4 Foundation……………………………………………………. 181
Summative Assessment…………………………………………………….. 192
Lesson 2: Draft Structural Floor and Roof Framing Plans………… 194
Skills Assessment………………………………………………… 194
vii
Technical Terms....................................................................... 194
2.1 Concrete………………………………………………………. 196
2.3 Reinforced Concrete…………………………………………. 197
2.4 The Reinforced Concrete Floor…..………………………… 198
2.5 The Reinforced Concrete Slab……………………………… 199
2.6 Reinforced Concrete Stairways…………………………….. 201
2.7 Reinforced Steel Bars……………………………………….. 204
2.8 Concrete Floor Slabs………………………………………… 207
2.9 Lumber ……………………………………………………….. 217
2.10 Physical Properties of Wood……………………………... 217
2.11 The Wood Floor System…………………………………… 218
2.12 The Roof System ………………………………………….. 232
2.13 The Wooden Stair…………………………………………. 239
Summative Assessment ...…………………………………………………. 247
Post Assessment………………………………………………………………. 249
References………………………………………………………………………. 251
Module 5: DRAFTING ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC LAYOUT
AND DETAILS
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………. 253
Objectives………………………………………………………………………... 253
Pre- Assessment …………………………………………………. 254
Skills Assessment……………………………………………….… 255
Learning Goals and Targets…………………………………….. 256
Lesson 1: Draft Electrical Plans and Layouts ………………………….. 257
1.1 The Flow of Electricity ………………………………………. 258
1.2 Factors that Affect Resistance …………………………….. 259
1.3 Electrical Diagrams & Symbols ……………………………. 262
1.4 Electrical Legend ……………..…………………………….. 263
1.5 Lighting ………………………………………………………. 265
1.6 General Rules to Observe in Illumination Planning …….. 266
1.7 Components of an Electrical System ……………………. 268
viii
1.8 Wiring ……………………………………………………….. 269
1.9 Boxes and Cabinets ………………………………………. 269
1.10 Types of Boxes …………………………………………….. 270
1.11 Rules in Planning the Electrical System ………………… 270
1.12 Circuit Protective Devices …………………………………. 272
1.13 Switches …………………………………………………….. 272
1.14 Working with Electrical Drawings ……………………….… 274
Summative Test ………………………………………………………………. 277
Lesson 2: Draft Auxiliary Systems and Layout …………………………. 277
Skills Evaluation ………………………………………………….. 277
Learning Goals and Targets ……………………………………. 278
Technical Terms………………………………………………….. 278
2.1 Graphic Symbols for Auxiliary Systems…………………… 279
2.1 Fire Alarm Systems…………………………………………. 281
2.2 Key Elements of the Local Building Code ……………….. 281
Summative Test ……………………………………………………………… 283
Post Assessment……………………………………………………………….. 286
MODULE 6: DRAFTING SANITARY AND PLUMBING LAY-OUT AND DETAILS
Objectives ……………………………………………………………………… 288
Pre- Assessment …………………………………………………. 289
Skills Evaluation …………………………………………………. 290
Learning Goals and Target …………………………………….. 291
Lesson 1: Draft Water Distribution Systems …………………………….. 292
1.1 Operational Definition of Terms …………………………….. 292
1.2 Overview ………………………….…………………………… 292
1.3 Connection of Pipes ……………………….…………………. 293
1.4 Kinds of Fittings …..………………………………………….. 294
1.5 Systems of Drawing Pipe Layout …………………………… 294
1.9 Plumbing Symbols ……………………………………………. 297
1.10 The Water Line Layout ……………………………………... 305
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1.11 Typical Plumbing System ………………………………….. 306
1.12 Sample Plumbing Layout ………………………………….. 307
1.13 Usual Way of Drawing Plumbing in Construction Plan … 308
1.14 Typical Pipes and Fittings …………………………………. 308
1.15 Water Pipes and Fittings Required ……………………….. 309
1.16 uPVC Adafter Fitting For uPVC-To-Galvanized Iron Water Piping Connectors …………………….........................
310
Summative Test ……………………………………………………………… 316
Lesson 2: Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage …………………………. 317
Skills Evaluation………………………………………………….. 317
Learning Goals and Targets ……………………………………. 317
2.1 Overview …………………………………………………….. 318
2.3 The Sewage Disposal System …………………………….. 319
2.4 Schematic Diagram Plumbing Elevation …………………. 320
2.5 The Septic Tank ……………………………………………... 322
2.6 Sanitary Fitting ……………………………………………….. 323
2.7 Horizontal Section Plan ……………………………………... 324
2.8 The Typical Detail of a Septic Tank ………………………… 324
2.9 Sizes of Septic Vault …………………………………………. 324
2.10 The Drainage System …………………………………….... 328
2.11 The House Drain ………………………………………….... 329
2.12 The House Sewer ………………………………………...... 330
2.13 The Catch Basin …………………………………………..... 332
Summative Test ……………………………………………………………… 334
Post Assessment………………………………………………………………. 339
MODULE 7: DRAFTING MECHANICAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS
Objectives ……………………………………………………………………… 341
Pre- Assessment …………………………………………………. 342
Skills Evaluation ………………………………………………….. 343
Learning Goals and Target ……………………………………… 344
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Lesson 1: Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Systems Layout ………………………………………………………………………….
344
Operational Definition of Terms ………………………………… 345
1.1 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) ………. 346
1.2 Circulation of Air Conditioning Standards …………………. 347
1.3 HVAC Symbols and Abbreviations …………………………. 349
1.4 Types of Air conditioning Systems …………………………. 356
1.5 Controlling humidity with an AC system …………………… 358
1.6 Air Conditioning Equipment and Controls …………………. 361
1.7 HVAC Conventions …………………………………………… 372
1.8 Sample Residential HVAC System Layout ………………… 375
Summative Test ……………………………………………………………… 378
Lesson 2: Draft Mechanical Details of Conveyor Systems…………… 379
Skills Evaluation………………………………………………….. 379
Learning Goals and Targets ……………………………………. 380
2.1 Escalators, Conveyors, and Elevators …………………….. 382
2.2 Moving Walks and Ramps …………………………………. 384
2.3 Elevators …………………………………………………….. 384
Summative Test …………………………………………………………….. 391
Lesson 3. Draft Fire Protection Systems ……………………………… 391
Skills Evaluation………………………………………………….. 391
Learning Goals and Targets ……………………………………. 392
3.1 Requirements for fire safety………………………………… 393
3.2 Building Classifications …………………………………..…. 393
3.5 Fire Extinguishing System …………………………………. 394
Summative Test …………………………………………………………….. 396
Post Assessment…………………………………………………………….. 399
Glossary
References