COPYRIGHT

HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE THE WORD COPYRIGHT?

COPYRIGHT IS

COPYRIGHT IS

THE RIGHT TO COPY.

IF I INVENT OR DREAM UP OR CREATE SOMETHING.

IF I INVENT OR DREAM UP OR CREATE SOMETHING.

IF I INVENT OR DREAM UP OR CREATE SOMETHING.

IF I INVENT OR DREAM UP OR CREATE SOMETHING.

IF I INVENT OR DREAM UP OR CREATE SOMETHING.

ONLY I HAVE THE RIGHT TO COPY. IN OTHER WORDS TO MANUFACTURE.

WHEN IS COPYRIGHT CREATED?

WHEN IS COPYRIGHT CREATED?

WHEN THE IDEA COMES TO YOU IN A DREAM?

WHEN IS COPYRIGHT CREATED?

WHEN THE IDEA COMES TO YOU IN A DREAM?

WHEN YOU START HUMMING A TUNE IN YOUR HEAD?

COPYRIGHT IS CREATED AT THE MOMENT IT IS FIXED BY THE AUTHOR. IE; WHEN THE PEN LEAVES THE PAPER OR WHEN THE SONG IS RECORDED.

HOW DO I PROTECT MY COPYRIGHT?

HOW DO I PROTECT MY COPYRIGHT?

PRESERVE EVIDENCE THAT COPYRIGHT WAS FIXED ON A CERTAIN DATE.

EG; PUT CD IN AN ENVELOPE, WAX SEAL, POST IT TO YOURSELF BY RECORDED DELIVERY. DO NOT OPEN.

BUT WHY IS COPYRIGHT VALUABLE? HOW DOES IT GENERATE MONEY?

BUT WHY IS COPYRIGHT VALUABLE? HOW DOES IT GENERATE MONEY?

IN ORDER TO DEMONSTRATE THIS WE MUST SEPARATE THE RECORDING ARTIST AND THE WRITER.

MUSIC PUBLISHING

PRE-DATES THE RECORDING INDUSTRY.

PRE-DATES THE RECORDING INDUSTRY.

WOULD PUBLISH AND SELL SHEET MUSIC OF POPULAR SONGS

PRE-DATES THE RECORDING INDUSTRY.

WOULD PUBLISH AND SELL SHEET MUSIC OF POPULAR SONGS

WOULD EMPLOY SONGWRITERS AND PUBLISH THEIR SONGS

THEY WERE ASSIGNED THE RIGHT TO COPY BY THE SONGWRITER IN RETURN FOR A ROYALTY (PERCENTAGE) ON EVERY COPY SOLD.

THEY WERE ASSIGNED THE RIGHT TO COPY BY THE SONGWRITER IN RETURN FOR A ROYALTY (PERCENTAGE) ON EVERY COPY SOLD.THEN RECORDED MUSIC WAS INVENTED

THEY WERE ASSIGNED THE RIGHT TO COPY BY THE SONGWRITER IN RETURN FOR A ROYALTY (PERCENTAGE) ON EVERY COPY SOLD.THEN RECORDED MUSIC WAS INVENTEDA+R FROM THE NEWLY FORMED RECORD COMPANIES WOULD GO DOWN TO DENMARK STREET AND LOOK FOR SONGS FOR THEIR ARTISTS TO RECORD.

SO THE PUBLISHERS BEGAN TO ASSIGN THE COPYRIGHT TO THE RECORD LABELS SO THEY COULD MANUFACTURE RECORDS.IN THOSE DAYS THE SONGWRITER AND THE RECORDING ARTIST WERE ALWAYS DISTINCT ENTITIES.

SO THE PUBLISHERS BEGAN TO ASSIGN THE COPYRIGHT TO THE RECORD LABELS SO THEY COULD MANUFACTURE RECORDS.IN THOSE DAYS THE SONGWRITER AND THE RECORDING ARTIST WERE ALWAYS DISTINCT ENTITIES.UNTIL..

CONSIDER MOTOWN

CONSIDER MOTOWNIN-HOUSE BAND, PLAYED AND RECORDED IN EXCESS OF 150 MULTI MILLION SELLING HIT RECORDS.

CONSIDER MOTOWNIN-HOUSE BAND, PLAYED AND RECORDED IN EXCESS OF 150 MULTI MILLION SELLING HIT RECORDS.MOTOWN PAID THE MUSICIANS $50/WEEK.

CONSIDER MOTOWNIN-HOUSE BAND, PLAYED AND RECORDED IN EXCESS OF 150 MULTI MILLION SELLING HIT RECORDS.MOTOWN PAID THE MUSICIANS $50/WEEK.THE SONGWRITERS ARE MULTI MILLIONAIRES STILL EARNING MONEY FROM THOSE RECORDS TO THIS DAY.

HOW DID THEY BECOME MULTI MILLIONAIRES?

HOW DID THEY BECOME MULTI MILLIONAIRES?MOTOWN HAD TO PAY A ROYALTY ON EACH COPY MANUFACTURED TO THE PUBLISHER/SONGWRITER IN RETURN FOR BEING ASSIGNED THE RIGHT TO COPY

UK LAW (1988 COPYRIGHTS AND PATENTS ACT)

LEGAL REQUIREMENT FOR RECORD LABELS TO PAY 8.5% OF THEIR DEALER PRICE TO THE ORIGINAL COPYRIGHT OWNER.

CD ALBUMSDEALER PRICE = 6.50 (RETAIL 9.99)

CD SINGLESDEALER PRICE = 1.40 (RETAIL 1.79)

RECORD LABELS MUST PAY 8.5% TO THE PUBLISHER ON EACH COPY SOLD.

CASE STUDY

BRIAN HIGGINS

STUDIED MUSIC TECH AT COLLEGE AND LANDED A JOB AT WARNER BROS AS A STUDIO TECHNICIAN

STUDIED MUSIC TECH AT COLLEGE AND LANDED A JOB AT WARNER BROS AS A STUDIO TECHNICIANTHE CHER DISPUTE

STUDIED MUSIC TECH AT COLLEGE AND LANDED A JOB AT WARNER BROS AS A STUDIO TECHNICIANTHE CHER DISPUTEQUITS

STUDIED MUSIC TECH AT COLLEGE AND LANDED A JOB AT WARNER BROS AS A STUDIO TECHNICIANTHE CHER DISPUTEQUITSSTARTS WRITING POP SONGS. QUITE CATCHY!

GOT SIGNED TO SONY/BMG PUBLISHING AS A SONGWRITER. 20000 ADVANCE TO REPAID (RECOUPED) FROM FUTURE ROYALTIES.

GOT SIGNED TO SONY/BMG PUBLISHING AS A SONGWRITER. 20000 ADVANCE TO REPAID (RECOUPED) FROM FUTURE ROYALTIES.SONY/BMG STARTED TO TOUT THEM ROUND THE LABELS.

GOT SIGNED TO SONY/BMG PUBLISHING AS A SONGWRITER. 20000 ADVANCE TO REPAID (RECOUPED) FROM FUTURE ROYALTIES.SONY/BMG STARTED TO TOUT THEM ROUND THE LABELS.BRIAN BUILT A LITTLE STUDIO.

DEALER PRICE CD SINGLE = 1.40, SO ANY LABEL THAT RELEASES HAS TO PAY SONY/BMG 8.5%=12P

DEALER PRICE CD SINGLE = 1.40, SO ANY LABEL THAT RELEASES HAS TO PAY SONY/BMG 8.5%=12PBUT BECAUSE PUBLISHERS DONT SPEND LIKE RECORD LABELS (NO RECORDING COSTS, MARKETING, VIDEOS ETC) THEY DO NOT TAKE A LARGE CUT (15%)

DEALER PRICE CD SINGLE = 1.40, SO ANY LABEL THAT RELEASES HAS TO PAY SONY/BMG 8.5%=12PBUT BECAUSE PUBLISHERS DONT SPEND LIKE RECORD LABELS (NO RECORDING COSTS, MARKETING, VIDEOS ETC) THEY DO NOT TAKE A LARGE CUT (15%)BRIAN GETS 10P, SONY/BMG 2P.

RECORDING ARTISTS HAVE TO RECOUP VERY LARGE COSTS (RECORDING, PROMO, VIDEO, ADVERTISING ETC)BRIAN WILL NOT BE PAID ANY MORE MONEY UNTIL HE RECOUPS 20K ADVANCE. 10P PER SINGLE = 200,000 COPIES.

PAUL ADAM AT POLYDORSELECTS ONE OF THE SONGS BRIAN HAS WRITTEN FOR A NEW GIRL BAND.

PAUL ADAM AT POLYDORSELECTS ONE OF THE SONGS BRIAN HAS WRITTEN FOR A NEW GIRL BAND.SOUND OF THE UNDERGROUND

PAUL ADAM AT POLYDORSELECTS ONE OF THE SONGS BRIAN HAS WRITTEN FOR A NEW GIRL BAND.SOUND OF THE UNDERGROUNDGIRLS ALOUD 12 WEEKS PRIMETIME TV ADVERTISING. HIGH PROFILE.

BRIAN HOPED IT WOULD DO WELL, KNOWING FOR EVERY COPY AFTER 200,000 HE WOULD START EARNING.

BRIAN HOPED IT WOULD DO WELL, KNOWING FOR EVERY COPY AFTER 200,000 HE WOULD START EARNING.GIRLS ALOUD HOPED IT WOULD DO WELL TOO.

BRIAN HOPED IT WOULD DO WELL, KNOWING FOR EVERY COPY AFTER 200,000 HE WOULD START EARNING.GIRLS ALOUD HOPED IT WOULD DO WELL TOO.BUT HOW MANY COPIES DID THEY NEED TO SELL TO RECOUP, AND START EARNING.

RECORDING 55K

RECORDING 55KRADIO AND TV PROMO 40K

RECORDING 55KRADIO AND TV PROMO 40KPRESS PROMO 15K

RECORDING 55KRADIO AND TV PROMO 40KPRESS PROMO 15KVIDEO 75K

RECORDING 55KRADIO AND TV PROMO 40KPRESS PROMO 15KVIDEO 75KADVERTISING 100K

RECORDING 55KRADIO AND TV PROMO 40KPRESS PROMO 15KVIDEO 75KADVERTISING 100KTOTAL SPEND =

RECORDING 55KRADIO AND TV PROMO 40KPRESS PROMO 15KVIDEO 75KADVERTISING 100KTOTAL SPEND = 285,000

DEALER PRICE = 1.408.5% TO PUBLISHER = 12P (LEAVES 1.28)

DEALER PRICE = 1.408.5% TO PUBLISHER = 12P (LEAVES 1.28)DISTRIBUTION COSTS 20% = 28P (LEAVES 1.00)

DEALER PRICE = 1.408.5% TO PUBLISHER = 12P (LEAVES 1.28)DISTRIBUTION COSTS 20% = 28P (LEAVES 1.00)MANUFACTURING = 70P (LEAVES 30P)

DEALER PRICE = 1.408.5% TO PUBLISHER = 12P (LEAVES 1.28)DISTRIBUTION COSTS 20% = 28P (LEAVES 1.00)MANUFACTURING = 70P (LEAVES 30P)ARTIST ROYALTY 20% = 6P

GIRLS ALOUD NEED TO RECOUP 285,000 FROM THEIR ROYALTY OF 6P PER SINGLE.

GIRLS ALOUD NEED TO RECOUP 285,000 FROM THEIR ROYALTY OF 6P PER SINGLE.NEED TO SELL

GIRLS ALOUD NEED TO RECOUP 285,000 FROM THEIR ROYALTY OF 6P PER SINGLE.NEED TO SELL 4,750,000 COPIES TO RECOUP

GIRLS ALOUD NEED TO RECOUP 285,000 FROM THEIR ROYALTY OF 6P PER SINGLE.NEED TO SELL 4,750,000 COPIES TO RECOUPWHICH IT DIDNT

GIRLS ALOUD NEED TO RECOUP 285,000 FROM THEIR ROYALTY OF 6P PER SINGLE.NEED TO SELL 4,750,000 COPIES TO RECOUPWHICH IT DIDNTIT SOLD 2,200,000

GIRLS ALOUD NEED TO RECOUP 285,000 FROM THEIR ROYALTY OF 6P PER SINGLE.NEED TO SELL 4,750,000 COPIES TO RECOUPWHICH IT DIDNTIT SOLD 2,200,000BUT BRIAN EARNED 10P PER COPY FOR EVERY COPY AFTER 200,000 SALES.

GIRLS ALOUD NEED TO RECOUP 285,000 FROM THEIR ROYALTY OF 6P PER SINGLE.NEED TO SELL 4,750,000 COPIES TO RECOUPWHICH IT DIDNTIT SOLD 2,200,000BUT BRIAN EARNED 10P PER COPY FOR EVERY COPY AFTER 200,000 SALES.IN OTHER WORDS 2 MILLION X 10 P

200,000

200,000FOR SITTING ON HIS ARSE.

200,000FOR SITTING ON HIS ARSE.WHILE GIRLS ALOUD WERE GETTING UP AT 5AM EVERY DAY

200,000FOR SITTING ON HIS ARSE.WHILE GIRLS ALOUD WERE GETTING UP AT 5AM EVERY DAYWORKING LIKE CRAZY, GOING ON EVERY TV SHOW

200,000FOR SITTING ON HIS ARSE.WHILE GIRLS ALOUD WERE GETTING UP AT 5AM EVERY DAYWORKING LIKE CRAZY, GOING ON EVERY TV SHOWFOR A SINGLE THEY WERE NEVER GOING TO MAKE ANY CASH FROM

BRIAN SAID TO SONY, IVE GOT A FEW MORE SONGS..NO GOOD ADVICE, LOVE MACHINE, CANT SPEAK FRENCH, BIOLOGY, THE SHOW

BRIAN SAID TO SONY, IVE GOT A FEW MORE SONGS..NO GOOD ADVICE, LOVE MACHINE, CANT SPEAK FRENCH, BIOLOGY, THE SHOWENDED UP WRITING MUCH OF GIRLS ALOUDS FIRST ALBUM.

BRIAN SAID TO SONY, IVE GOT A FEW MORE SONGS..NO GOOD ADVICE, LOVE MACHINE, CANT SPEAK FRENCH, BIOLOGY, THE SHOWENDED UP WRITING MUCH OF GIRLS ALOUDS FIRST ALBUM.WHICH SOLD 1,800,000 COPIES.

ALBUM DEALER PRICE = 6.50

ALBUM DEALER PRICE = 6.50POLYDOR MUST PAY 8.5% TO SONY/BMG = 55P.

ALBUM DEALER PRICE = 6.50POLYDOR MUST PAY 8.5% TO SONY/BMG = 55P.55P X 1,800,000 = 850,000 FOR BRIAN.

ALBUM DEALER PRICE = 6.50POLYDOR MUST PAY 8.5% TO SONY/BMG = 55P.55P X 1,800,000 = 850,000 FOR BRIAN.POLYDOR SPENT A FORTUNE ON THE ALBUM

ALBUM DEALER PRICE = 6.50POLYDOR MUST PAY 8.5% TO SONY/BMG = 55P.55P X 1,800,000 = 850,000 FOR BRIAN.POLYDOR SPENT A FORTUNE ON THE ALBUMSO POOR OLD GIRLS ALOUD

ALBUM DEALER PRICE = 6.50POLYDOR MUST PAY 8.5% TO SONY/BMG = 55P.55P X 1,800,000 = 850,000 FOR BRIAN.POLYDOR SPENT A FORTUNE ON THE ALBUMSO POOR OLD GIRLS ALOUDWERE STILL UNRECOUPED

90% OF RECORDING ARTISTS DO NOT RECOUP THEIR COSTS.

SO WHAT CAN THE ARTIST DO?

WRITE THEIR OWN SONGS OR

WRITE THEIR OWN SONGS OR

WRITE THEIR OWN SONGS.