Introduction, selection and editorial matter © Jill Nelmes and Jule Selbo 2015Individual contributions © Contributors 2015

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of thispublication may be made without written permission.

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First published 2015 byPALGRAVE MACMILLAN

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ISBN 978–1–137–31236–5

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v

List of Figures ix

Acknowledgments x

Notes on Contributors xi

Foreward by Cari Beauchamp xxvii

Introduction 1Jill Nelmes and Jule Selbo

Part I Africa

Burkina Faso 7Jule Selbo

Egypt 9Koen Van Eynde

Ghana 18Jule Selbo

Kenya 21Jeremy B. Warner

Morocco 23Stefanie Van de Peer

Namibia 29Jule Selbo

Nigeria 30Noah Tsika

South Africa 39Haseenah Ebrahim

Tunisia 45Ouissal Mejri

Part II Asia

China and Hong Kong 55Cristina Colet, Jule Selbo and Jeremy B. Warner

India 69Alexis Krasilovsky, Debashree Mukherjee, Jule Selbo and Anubha Yadav

Iran 87Debbie Danielpour

Contents

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vi Contents

Israel 104Jule Selbo

Japan 108Lauri Kitsnik, Jule Selbo and Michael Smith

Korea 131Jeremy B. Warner and Brian Yecies

Palestine 143Jule Selbo

Russia 145Michele Leigh, Jule Selbo and Tatiana Tursunova-Tlatov

Part III Australasia

Australia 163Nicolette Freeman, Lisa French, Margot Nash and Mark Poole

New Zealand 194Hester Joyce

Part IV Europe

Armenia 209Carl Wilson

Austria 214Robert Dassanowsky

Belgium 238Ronald Geerts

Czech Republic 249Alice Nemcová Tejkalová, Filip Šára and David Sorfa

Denmark 266Eva Novrup Redvall

Estonia 288Margit Keerdo-Dawson

Finland 302Riikka Pennanen and Raija Talvio

France 311Kelley Conway, Kath Dooley, Mary Harrod, Susan Hayward, Florence Martin, Jule Selbo, Alison Smith, Isabelle Vanderschelden and Elena Von Kassel Siambani

Germany 363Andrew Kenneth Gay, Alexis Krasilovsky, Ervin Malakaj, Juliane Scholz and Carl Wilson

Greece 398Tonia Kazakopoulou

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Contents vii

Ireland 410Susan Liddy and Díóg O’Connell

Italy 433Mariapia Comand, Alexis Krasilovsky, Bernadette Luciano, Paolo Russo, Jule Selbo and Bridget Tompkins

Malta 488Monika Maslowska

Netherlands 493Thomas van den Berg, Erik Buikema, Gert Jan Harkema, Annelies van Noortwijk, Jennifer O’Connell, Rianne Pras, Vincent Ros, Johanna Seelbach, Steven Willemson and Jauke van Wonderen

Norway 516Kyja Kristjansson-Nelson

Poland 523Jule Selbo

Romania 526Monica Mitarca

Serbia and Yugoslavia 533Olga Dimitrijevic

Spain 538Natalia Sanjuan Bornay, Julia Sabina Gutiérrez and Jeremy B. Warner

Sweden 550Johanna Forsman and Kjell Sundstedt

Switzerland 578Michael Burri

Turkey 586Jule Selbo

United Kingdom 591Lavinia Brydon, Marcella Forster, Christine Gledhill, Stella Hockenhull, Susan Liddy, Nathalie Morris, Jill Nelmes, Jamie Sherry and Paul Wells

Part V North America

Canada 685Michael Coutanche, Jule Selbo and J. T. Velikovsky

Cuba 693Michelle Leigh Farrell

Jamaica 700Tanya Gail Davies

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viii Contents

Mexico 714Maria-Teresa DePaoli and Felipe Pruneda Sentíes

United States of America 726Jean Ansolabehere, Robert Arnett, Kristiina Hackel, Helen Jacey, Warren Lewis, Sam Lively, Victoria Lucas, Bettina Moss, Claudia Myers, Megan Reilly, Dorin Schumacher, Jule Selbo, Anne Slatton, Tom Stempel, Anna Weinstein and Rosanne Welch

Part VI South America

Argentina 859Linda Craig and Felipe Pruneda Sentíes

Brazil 870Camila Malagolini Gama

Chile 875Carmen Sofia Brenes

Venezuela 889Belkis Suárez Faillace

Index 901

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1

IntroductionJill Nelmes and Jule Selbo

In this study of female screenwriters, from the first film scenarios produced in 1896 to the present day, we highlight the work of more than 300 writers from over 50 nations. Each entry gives an overview of the history and background of women screenwriters in that country, highlighting its most influential females in individual entries.

The scope and range of the book is ambitious and there is no existing work that gives such coverage of the subject. The guide is divided into six sections by continent: Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America and South America. There are entries for the more frequently written about nations such as the US, the UK, France and Australia, as well as countries like Malta, Romania, Korea, Poland, South Africa and Switzerland where we have found a rich but rarely discussed tradition of female screenwriting. Indeed the entries for individual countries show how varied the experience of female screenwriters is – experiences that are very dependent on historical, social and political factors. We have tried to include entries on all the film-producing countries, although unfortunately it has not been possible to do this where there is very little information available or where we were unable to find a contributor. We hope that publication of the book will encourage discussion of these omissions as well as promoting the subject further. In subsequent editions, we hope to include information on more females who have used their talents as screenwriters in the feature film industry.

Women screenwriters were at the forefront of the film industry in its earliest days in many nations around the world. The sudden popularity of early film-making created opportunities for women in key creative positions; early screen-writers and filmmakers such as the Frenchwoman Alice Guy, Americans Gene Gauntier and Lois Weber, Australian Lottie Lyell, and Fatma Begum in India were writing, directing, producing and creating their own film companies.

In most countries the myriad opportunities for women in the film industry changed after a relatively short period. By the coming of sound in 1928, it had become evident how much money might be made in the industry. This meant that corporate interests (dominated by males) began to dictate, more males were drawn to the industry and the ranks of female screenwriters diminished. Even in Sweden, a country with a strong tradition of female writers, women only wrote

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2 Women Screenwriters

6.5 per cent of the 240 films made during the 1930s. In the UK, for instance, a small number of talented women writers such as Muriel Box and Janet Green were very successful in the 1940s and 1950s, but most women only wrote one or two films. The decline of the studio system in the 1950s in Hollywood and parts of Europe did little to help women writers and, as audiences fell, fewer films were made. At the same time, television began to attract millions of viewers and some female screenwriters moved their careers to the new medium, not only in the United States but wherever television programmes were produced. In Sweden, Astrid Lindgren adapted her very popular Pippi Longstocking children’s books for film and television in a career that lasted 33 years.

More recently there are grounds for optimism; in countries such as Sweden, the Netherlands and Denmark the gender balance is now almost even. In South Africa, for example, television has provided a platform for women writers like Sara Blecher (Zero Tolerance, 2011); she has gone on to make feature films and documentaries. Indeed it is noticeable how many women now move from film to television with ease. However, there are still nations that pose restrictions and strong censorship; Iran levies severe constraints on women’s freedom, yet some of its female writers and filmmakers, like Rakhshan Bani-Etemad and Samira Makhmalbaf, have received worldwide acclaim for their films. In the Soviet Union, after World War II, countries like Estonia, Czechoslovakia and Romania had strict censorship imposed on the content of screenplays. Greater freedom following Stalin’s death in 1953 allowed women writers and directors to work, and Perestroika, in 1985, ended state control of the studios. When Estonia gained independence in 1991, it took some time for women screenwriters to gain a foothold, but by the 2000s a new generation of women had emerged.

The late 20th and early 21st centuries brought a greater awareness of gender inequity in the film industry, particularly regarding writing and directing. Many countries are now trying to redress this imbalance and some have initiated quotas to ensure there are more women film writers; in the Netherlands many of their most successful films are written and directed by women. In Argentina, of 64 films made in 2005, 13 were by women; however, the numbers have not remained this high; in 2012, of 51 films produced, only five were by women. Unfortunately, for every success, or partial success, there are other countries, such as Romania, where very few scripts written by women are produced.

Despite difficulties along the way, a great many outstanding women screen-writers from across the world have emerged in the last 110 years and there is rea-son for celebration. Poland boasts award-winning screenwriters such as Agnieszka Holland, Italy celebrates Suso Cecchi d’Amico and others, and China claims Li Yu and Ann Hui among their talents. Women screenwriters in the Middle East are exploring difficult narratives of identity and freedoms, and female filmmakers in Africa are contributing stories that are shining lights on social and political situations.

There is still a need to encourage the film industry in the majority of nations to be more receptive to women writers and women’s stories. We hope this volume will inform and inspire and point to the fact that women screenwriters have

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Introduction 3

shown their creativity, capabilities and value from the beginning of cinema into contemporary times.

We thank all the contributors who have been so diligent in their research and helped to illuminate these women’s lives and work.

Enjoy!

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901

Index: List of Screenwriters

Part I: Africa

Burkina FasoBouyain, Sarah, 8Nacro, Fanta Régina, 7, 8

EgyptAbdallah, Hanan, 15Amir, Aziza, 9–11, 15 Bakr, Inas, 13El Din, Mona Noor, 13Eldegheidi, Inas, 13, 15Hafez, Bahiga, 9, 11, 15Hamza, Nadia, 13, 14Kamel, Nadia, 15Khairy, Wafiya, 12Khalil, Hala, 13–14Lotfy, Hala, 15Mohamed, Amina, 9, 11–12Mohsen, Samira, 13Na’oum, Maryam, 13–14Noujaim, Jehane, 15Rushdy, Fatma, 9Shah, Hosn, 12–13Soliman, Wessam, 14, 16

GhanaBadoe, Yaba, 18Busia, Akosua Cyamama, 18–20Djansi, Leila Afua, 20Nyoni, Rungano, 18Quaashie, Veronica, 18Sara-Wiwa, Zina, 18

KenyaKahiu, Wanuri, 21Kinyanjul, Wanjuri, 22Munene, Matrid, 22

MoroccoBenlyazid, Farida, 23–7Bitton, Simone, 27Kassari, Yasmine, 28Marrakchi, Laila, 28Nejjar, Narjiss, 28

NamibiaHiveluah, Oshosheni, 29

Pickering, Bridget, 8, 29 Stoffels, Krischka, 29

NigeriaAkindele, Funke, 32–4, 36, 37Anyaene, Chineze, 37Anyiam-Osigwe, Peace, 34–7Isong, Emem, 32Jombo, Uche, 31–2, 33, 34, 36–7Okereke, Stephanie, 37–8Onwurah, Ngozi, 8, 38Saro-Wiwa, Zina, 38Ukpabio, Helen, 34

South AfricaBeukes, Lauren, 41Blecher, Sara 2, 40–1Brewer, Thandi, 40, 41Frederikse, Julie, 41Goldsmid, Margaret, 41Hall, Julie, 40, 41Jacobs, Rayda, 41–2Jansen van Vuuren, Anna Marie, 42Johnston, Shirley, 42Loots, Justine, 42Mitchell, Beverly, 42–3, 44Mohamed, Raeesa, 42Moodley, Jayan, 42Nogueira, Helen, 43Otto Sallies, Zulfah, 8, 43Proctor, Elaine, 43Schutte, Hanneke, 43Turner, Jann, 44Van Eeden, Janet, 44Vaughn, Sandra, 44Williams, Weaam, 42, 44

TunisiaAmari, Raja, 8, 45, 50–1Baccar, Salma, 45, 47, 51Ben Mabrouk, Néjia, 45, 48, 51Bornaz, Kalthoum, 45, 50, 51Chikly Tamzali, Haydée, 45–7, 51Nallouti, Aroussia, 47Tlatli, Moufida, 45, 49–50, 51

ZimbabweIngrid Sinclair, 8

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902 Index

Part II: Asia

China and Hong KongAi, Xia, 56–7Chan Bo Wa (Chen Bao Hua/

Ella Chan Bo Wa), 66Chan Suk-Yin (Susan Chan Suk-Yin), 67Chan Wan Man, Joyce, 66Cheuk, Wan Chi (Chi See Goo Bi/Vincci

Cheuk Wan Chi), 67Cheung Yueng Ting, Mabel (Zhang Wan

Ting/Mabel Cheung), 66Cheung, Ai-chai (Sylvia Ngai-ga Chang/

Sylvia Chang), 66Chun Siu-Jan, Janet (Chun Siu Jan/Janet

Chin), 66Chun Chun, Barbara Wong, 67Ho Sai-Hong, Ivy, 66Hui, Ann, 2, 56, 66, 67Hui, Sharon, 66Kao, Pao Shu (Go Bo Shu), 65Lam Oi Wah, Aubrey, 66, 67Law Cheuk Yu, Clara (Clara Law), 66, 168Liang, Xiao (Josephine Siao Fong-Fong), 65Mak, Hei-yan Heiward, 67Peng, Xiaolian, 56, 60–2Qin, Yifu (Nellie Chin Yu), 63–4Shaw Lai King, Sandy, 66Tang Shuxuan (Cecile Tang Shu

Shuen), 64–5To, Chi Long (Christine T), 67Yam, Yi Ji (Yi Zhi Ren), 63Li Yu, 2, 56Zhang, Ailing (Eileen Chang), 57–60,

63, 64, 68

IndiaBai, Jaddan, 70–80, 84, 85, 86Begum, Fatma, 1, 69, 70, 72Irani, Honey, 82–4Lajmi, Kalpana, 70Sen, Aparna, 70Taraporevala, Sooni, 81–2, 86

IranBani-Etemad, Rakshan, 2, 92–5, 102Derakh’shandeh, Poura n, 89, 95–6Hekmat, Manijeh, 91Kosari, Baran, 95Makhmalbaf, Samira, 2, 96–101, 102, 103Milani, Tahmineh, 92, 98–101, 102Nabili, Marva, 90 Riahi, Shahla, 90Sadi, Kobra, 90

IsraelAlmagor, Gila, 106 Bat-Adam, Michal, 105–6Burshtein, Rama, 104–5Elkabetz, Ronit, 106Geffen, Shira, 106Kedar, Veronica (Ronni), 107Lavie, Talya, 106Menahemi, Ayelet, 106Recanati, Mira, 106Silverman, Yuta, 107Yedaya, Keren, 106

JapanHashida, Sugako, 116Hayashi, Yoshiko, 110, 114, 115Inukai, Kyoko, 124Kusuda, Yoshiko, 116Mishima, Yukiko, 124 Mizuki, Yoko, 113, 116–19, 123Mizushima, Ayame, 110, 114–15, 129Nishikawa, Miwa, 116, 124–6Ogigami, Naoko, 116, 126–9Ohishi, Michiko, 129Omori, Mika, 116, 129Sakane, Tazuko, 109–13, 130Suzuki, Noriko, 110, 114–16, 130Tanaka, Sumie, 116, 117, 118, 119–20, 123Tanaka, Akiko, 116, 129Wada, Natto, 115, 117, 118, 120–4

KoreaByun, Young-joo, 133, 136–7, 140, 142Hong, Ji-young, 136, 139, 142Hung, Eun-won, 132Hwang, Hye-mi, 132Lee, Jeong-hyang, 132, 133, 135–6,

138, 139Park, Nom-ok, 132Roh, Deok, 133, 137, 141

PalestineDabis, Cherien, 143–4Jacar, Annemarie, 143Sansour, Leila, 144Masri, Mai, 144Mara’ana, Ibtisam, 144Tawil-Souri, Helga, 144

RussiaAgadzhanova Shutko, Nina, 146, 150Barantsevich, Zoia, 146–50, 159Bondarchuk, Natalya, 151Brumberg, Zinaida, 151

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Index 903

Brumberg, Valentina, 151Khmelik, Maria, 152Kudrya, Zoya, 151–2Muratovna Litvinova, Renata, 146, 152Loktev, Julia, 153Muratova, Kira, 153Rand, Ayn, 154–5Rayskaya, Elena, 153, 154Ryazantseva, Natalya, 146, 153, 155–6Smirnova, Avdotya (Dunya), 156–7Smirnova, Maria, 146, 157–8, 290Tokareva, Viktoriya, 146, 153–4Vinogradskaya, Ekaterina, 158

Part III: Australasia

AustraliaArmstrong, Gillian, 164, 165, 185, 186 Banks, Imogen, 166Barrett, Shirley, 165, 166Bell, Alice, 166Campion, Jane, 163–6, 179–85, 186, 192,

193, 194, 201, 204Castrique, Sue, 164Chobocky, Barbara, 164Christian, Beatrix, 164Coffey, Essie, 167Cox, Deborah, 164, 166De La Ruze, Juliet, 164Foulkes, Mirrah, 163Gavin, Agnes, 170Glynn, Erica, 167Grace, Helen, 165Grace-Smith, Briar, 203Haywood, Claire, 164Hellier, Trudy, 163Howarde, Kate, 164Johnson, Darlene, 167, 200Jones, Laura, 165, 182, 184, 185–6, 194, 609Kelly, Margaret, 166Kennedy, Jane, 163 Kokkinos, Ana, 165, 166, 167Leigh, Julia, 164Long, Joan, 164, 165, 192Lovely, Louise, 170, 171, 191, 193Lyell, Lottie, 1, 164, 169, 171–5, 192, 193 Mallon, Mary, 164Marchetta, Melina, 163, 166McDonagh, Paulette, 164, 169, 170,

175–9, 192, 193McDonagh, Phyllis, 164, 169, 170,

175–9, 193McDonagh, Isobel, 164, 169, 170,

175–9, 193

Moffatt, Tracey, 165, 167Monticelli, Anna-Maria, 166 Moorhouse, Jocelyn, 165Morris, Judy, 163, 166O’Brien, Kathleen, 163Olsen, Christine, 163, 166Oswald, Debra, 164Pellizzari, Monica, 167Perkins, Rachel, 163, 167, 191Rayson, Hannie, 164Riley, Sally, 163, 167Riley, Gina, 166Robertson, Mira, 166Seres, Fiona, 166Shortland, Cate, 165, 166, 182, 191Smith, Sue, 164Szubanski, Magda, 166Thomson, Katherine, 164Tilson, Alison, 166, 186–91, 192, 193Turkiewicz, Sophia, 168Turner, Jane, 166Ward, Rachel, 163, 165Watt, Sarah, 165White, Erin, 163Witcombe, Eleanor, 166

New ZealandBoyens, Philippa, 201, 204Brown, Riwia, 200, 202Caro, Niki, 194Jeffs, Christine, 203Lang, Rachel, 200Mita, Merata, 197–8Preston, Gaylene, 195–8, 202 Rodriga, Melanie, 195–8, 201, 205Walsh, Fran, 194, 201, 202, 204

Part IV: Europe

ArmeniaMelikyan, Anna, 210–13

AustriaAlbert, Barbara, 219, 231–2, 234, 235,

236, 237Arlamovsky, Maria, 218Baum, Vicki, 214, 215, 314, 364, 365,

367, 375–6Beckermann, Ruth, 219, 230–1, 236Brandauer, Karin, 218, 229–30Covi, Tizza, 220Derflinger, Sabine, 219Dusl, Andrea Maria, 220Eder, Barbara, 221

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904 Index

Export, Valie, 217, 228–9Freund, Susanne, 219Georgiou, Penelope, 217Gräftner, Barbara, 219Hausner, Jessica, 219, 234–5, 236, 237 Grossmann, Gerda E., 219 Heinrich, Margareta, 218Jenbach, Ida, 216, 224–6 Kino, Kitty, 217Knilli, Maria, 218Kolm-Fleck, Louise, 214, 221–4, 225,

226, 236Kratz, Käthe, 217Kreutzer, Marie, 221Kusturica, Nina, 220, 232Lassnig, Maria, 218, 219Mader, Ruth, 232, 235–6Mattuschka, Mara, 219Neudecker, Gabriele, 220Pezold, Friederike, 218Resetarits, Kathrin, 219, 232Sagan, Leontine, 227–8, 237Salomonowitz, Anja, 221Scharang, Elisabeth, 220Stephan, Maria, 216Unger, Mirjam, 220, 233–4Viertel, Salka, 214, 215, 597Wachtel, Rosa, 216Winiewicz, Lida, 218Zanke, Susanne, 217

BelgiumAkerman, Chantal, 238, 242–4,

245, 247, 248Chagoll, Lydia, 238d’Alcantara, Vanja, 245Frijters, Anna, 238, 239–40Hänsel, Marion, 238, 244–5Kiel, Edith, 238, 240–1, 247, 248Levy-Morelle, Anne, 238Navarra, Aimée, 239Schoukens, Sophie, 245Somers, Ilse, 245Strubbe, Caroline, 245, 248Toye, Patrice, 238, 245–6Troch, Fien, 238, 245, 246–7, 248Van Den Berghe, Dorothée, 245Van Mieghem, Hilde, 245

Czech RepublicBabinská, Karin, 253Bernášková, Alena, 251Boková, Jana, 253Bouc ková, Tereza, 253

Cervenková, Thea, 249Chytilová, Vera, 251Dovská, Beatrice, 250Hejdová, Irena, 253Hofman, Ota, 252Janovská, Zorka, 249–50Jelinek, Milena, 253Jelínková, Monika, 250Kmínková, Jarmila, 250Knitlová, Jana, 252Konášová, Lucie, 252Krumbachová, Ester, 251, 253–62, 265Majerová, Marie, 251Marwille, Suzanne, 249–50Nellis, Alice, 253, 264–5 Pavlásková, Irena, 253Pavlátová, Michaela, 253Pawlowská, Halina, 253Pelleová-Czivišová, Ada (Milada), 250, 265Pírková, Svatava, 250Plívová Šimková, Vera, 251–2Polednáková, Marie, 252, 263–4Prišc áková, Katerina, 252Renáková Králová, Drahomíra, 251, 252Sedlác ková, Anna, 250Sedlác ková, Gill (Julie), 250Semonická, Kvetoslava, 250Smolová, Zdena, 249, 250Svatá, Jarmila, 250Temná, Hana, 250Turnovská, Jarmila, 251, 252Týrlová, Hermína, 252Vihanová, Drahomíra, 251Zinnerová, Markéta, 252

DenmarkBloch, Harriet, 268–9, 285, 551Fischer Christensen, Pernille, 267Frische, Grete, 269, 270, 271, 285Gylling, Iben, 281Heeno, Mette, 278, 280Henning-Jensen, Astrid, 271–3, 285, 287Høgh, Dorthe W., 278, 280Hovmand, Annelise, 273–4Ilsøe, Maya, 267, 278, 281, 287Ipsen, Bodil, 269, 270Knudsen, Mette, 274Leona, Kim, 278, 280Lundblad, Hanna, 281Nørgård, Lise, 277Nulle Nykjær, Elith, 282O’Fredericks, Alice, 269–71, 554Olesen, Annette K., 267, 582Reenberg, Annelise, 269, 271

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Index 905

Rex, Jytte, 276–7, 282Ryslinge, Helle, 275–6, 286Scherfig, Lone, 266, 282–3, 287Smith, Karen, 277Svendsen, Lotte, 281, 282Von Prangen, Agnete, 268, 552

EstoniaAdamian, Nora, 290Aruoja, Virve, 289, 290Aun, Anu, 292, 297–9Beekman, Aimée, 289–90Ehala, Olav, 298, 291, 300Karis, Helle, 290–2, 297–9, 300Kiik, Silvia, 289Kõusaar, Kadri, 292, 299-300Laius, Leida, 289, 295–7, 300Laur, Katrin, 292Lintrop, Renita, 291Luts, Aksella, 288, 292–5, 300, 301Niit, Ellen, 289Oidermaa, Helgi, 290–1, 298Pervik, Aino, 289Promet, Lilli, 290Ruus, Karin, 290Sheptunova, Marina, 291, 297Smirnova, Maria, 146, 157–8, 290Tust, Elo, 294Tungal, Leelo, 292Zvereva, Maria, 291

FinlandBergholm, Eija Elina, 305Bergroth, Kersti, 303–4Hintze, Gerda, 302–3Honkasalo, Pirjo, 306Idström, Tove, 306Joutseno, Lea, 303–4, 310Kaarna, Kaarina, 302Linnanheimo, Regina, 303, 310Mantila, Auli, 306Mikkola, Marja Leena, 305Salminen, Seere, 303–4Soini, Elsa, 303–4Talvio, Raija, 306–7Tattari, Tauno, 303Valtonen, Hilja, 303Vuoksenmaa, Johanna, 306Wuolijoki, Hella, 304–5, 307–9, 310

FranceAudry, Jacqueline, 311, 315, 360Audry, Colette, 315, 320Balasko, Josiane, 339, 340–6, 358, 360, 361

Bellon, Yannick, 315–16Breillat, Catherine, 321Bruni Tedeschi, Valeria, 322, 346Bussi, Solange, 314Colette, 311–12, 314, 315, 316,

347, 357, 360Companeez, Nina, 318–19, 321, 362Corsini, Catherine, 346De Van, Marina, 353–6, 359, 360, 361Delpy, Julie, 322Denis, Claire, 322, 338, 356Dubreuil, Charlotte, 321Dulac, Germaine, 311–14, 357, 360, 509Duras, Marguerite, 188, 316–18, 320, 321, 499Epstein, Marie, 313–14, 357Ferran, Pascale, 322Garcia, Nicole, 322, 346Guy, Alice, 1, 221, 311–12, 322–6,

357, 361, 844Hansen-Løve, Mia, 356–7, 358Hillel-Erlanger, Irène, 311Issermann, Aline, 321Jaoui, Agnès, 346, 351–3, 359, 360, 361, 362Kaplan, Nelly, 318, 319–21, 346, 357, 718Karina, Anna, 278, 318Kurys, Diane, 321, 346Labrune, Jeanne, 321, 346Lange, Monique, 318Lemercier, Valérie, 339, 344–6, 358, 360Lvovsky, Noémie, 322, 346Marshall, Tonie, 311, 322, 346Musidora, 311–14, 360, 361Pascal, Christine, 321, 322Pisier, Marie-France, 318, 320, 337–8,

358, 361Roussopoulos, Carole, 320Sagan, Françoise, 317–18, 320, 360Schiffman, Suzanne, 318, 330–6, 358,

360, 361, 362Serreau, Coline, 321, 322, 339–41, 343,

344–6, 358, 361Seyrig, Delphine, 243, 317, 320Thompson, Danièle, 339, 342–6, 360, 361Trintignant, Nadine, 320, 321, 322Trividic, Anne-Louise, 322Varda, Agnès, 318, 321, 326–30, 360, 362,

718, 732Vedrès, Nicole, 315, 316

GermanyAladag, Feo, 373Baum, Vicki, 214, 215, 314, 364, 365,

367, 375–6Bergmann, Bärbl, 370

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906 Index

Brückner, Jutta, 373 390–1Carlsen, Fanny, 365–6Del Zopp, Louise, 364–5Dörrie, Doris, 373, 394–6Droop, Marie Luise, 363–5Fechner, Ellen, 368–9Fentsch, Erna, 369–70Fröhlich, Pea, 372Goetz, Ruth, 364, 365, 374, 396Gronenborn, Esther, 374Grosse, Nina, 373Gusner, Iris, 370Henning, Hanna, 366Link, Caroline, 373Moja, Hella, 366–7Neumann, Lotte, 368Ottinger, Ulrike, 372–3Porten, Rosa, 367Riefenstahl, Leni, 367–8, 377, 378,

380–3, 396, 397Samdereli, Yasemin and Nesrin, 374Sander, Helke, 371Sanders-Brahms, Helma, 371–2Schmidt, Evelyn, 370Stobrawa, Renée, 369Stöckl, Ula 370, 383–90Treut, Monika, 373Von Harbou, Thea, 368, 376–80, 396Von Trotta, Margarethe, 372, 391–4, 396,

397, 499Wolff, Victoria Claudia, 375

GreeceAngelidi, Antouanetta, 399Antoniou, Angeliki, 400–1, 403–5, 408Bei, Katerina, 400, 401Detzortzi, Katy, 399Evangelakou, Katerina, 403Galani, Rena, 399Gavala, Maria, 399Hadjisofia, Anna, 402Handari, Maria, 399Hristinaki, Inta, 399, 408Karali, Malvina, 400Karystiani, Ioanna, 401Liappa, Frieda, 400Malea, Olga, 400, 407Marketaki, Tonia, 399–400, 402Mavili, Eleni, 402Nikolakopoulou, Maria, 402Pantazoni, Elena, 402Papadopoulou, Dimitra, 402Papaoikonomou, Mirella, 402, 405–6, 409Passari, Maritina, 400

Paxinou, Eleni and Maria, 402Pierakkou, Soula, 402Plyta, Maria, 398, 399Psykou, Elina, 401Rikaki, Lucia, 400Romas, Haris, 402Segditsa, Kiki, 399, 402Theodoraki, Stella, 403Tsangari, Athena Rachel, 401, 408, 409Yourgou, Laya, 400, 401, 403Zarokosta, Melpo, 399Zoumboulaki, Manina, 400, 406–7, 408

IrelandBhride, Eoin MacGiolla, 424Binchy, Maeve, 417, 423Bruce, Nichola, 420Collins, Pat, 424Corkery, Margaret, 418, 424Creed, Geraldine, 418, 423Cullen, Colette, 415, 416Daly, Rebecca, 418, 424, 426Dhuibhne, Éilis Ní, 417Dowling, Clare, 415English, Stephanie, 414Enright, Anne, 417Gauntier, Gene, 1, 411, 420–2, 431, 726,

791–3, 849, 852Geraghty, Finola, 424, 427, 428Gill, Liz, 418, 423Green, Steph, 420 Harkin, Margo, 414Ingoldsby, Maeve, 416, 417Johnston, Jennifer, 417Keogan, Ailbhe, 420, 423Laverty, Maura, 416Lynch, Claire, 415MacAdam, Trish, 418Mackenzie, Lauren, 416, 423Manning, Mary, 411, 412, 413McGettigan, Norah, 424McGuckian, Mary, 418McGuinness, Alexandra, 424, 426Molloy, Christine, 418, 420, 424Murphy, Pat, 414, 419, 423Murphy, Maeve, 423Noble, Janet, 418O’Brien, Edna, 417O’Carroll, Harriet, 416, 417Pasley, Jean, 423Patton, Mrs N. F., 411, 412Quinn, Marian, 424, 427, 428Scott-Speer, Deborah, 419Sheridan, Kirsten, 419, 424, 426, 431

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Index 907

Swift, Carolyn, 416Thompson, Kate, 416Twomey, Siobhan, 415De Venuto, Rossella, 420Walsh, Orla, 415Whooley, Sharon, 424Wilson, Juanita, 418, 424, 432Winters, Carmel, 418, 424, 426

ItalyAlberti, Barbara, 435, 442Amoruso, Elisa, 437, 464, 465Apruzzo, Carla, 436Archibugi, Francesca, 436, 437–9, 462,

463, 484, 485, 486Argento, Asia, 351, 437Bertini, Francesca, 433, 714Carell, Lianella, 435, 439, 485Carrère, Nelly, 433Cavani, Liliana, 435, 439–44, 482, 483,

484, 486, 487, 718Cecchi d’Amico, Suso, 2, 435, 444–50,

453, 454, 483Cecere, Giorgia, 437Ceselli, Daniela, 437, 450–1, 484Colagrande, Giada, 451–2, 484, 486Colautti, Ofelia, 433Comencini, Cristina, 437, 449, 453–5,

462, 466Comencini, Francesca, 449, 453, 455–7,

475, 485Corda, Luciana, 435D’Angara, Vera, 434De Liot, Renée, 433De Canalis, Suzanne, 433Deledda, Grazia, 434Femder, Lara, 436Ferraris, Lina, 433Ferri, Linda, 457–9, 476, 486, 487Filastri, Iaia, 435Fougez, Anna, 434Giorgi, Eleonora, 437, 459Golino, Valeria, 437, 466Gramatica, Irma, 433Infascelli, Fiorella, 459–61, 484, 486Izzo, Simona, 437Jacobini, Maria, 434Leondeff, Doriana, 437, 438, 461–3, 484, 485Malatesta, Gloria, 436, 437, 438, 463–4Manieri, Francesca, 437, 464–5Marciano, Francesca, 436, 437, 465–7,

483, 484, 486Mazzoni, Roberta, 436, 441, 443Melato, Maria, 433

Monti, Adriana, 467Napolitano, Silvia, 436Nicolodi, Daria, 467Notari, Elvira, 433, 468–72, 484, 486, 487Nuccetelli, Maria, 437 Pavignano, Anna, 436, 472–4, 485Pontremoli, Federica, 437, 456, 474–6, 484Ramondino, Fabrizia, 437Randi, Paola, 437Rohrwacher, Alice, 437Sandrelli, Stefania, 437Sbarigia, Claudia, 436, 437, 438, 463–4Schleef, Heidrun, 437, 451, 457, 474–7,

484, 487Serao, Matilde, 434Tognazzi, Maria Sole, 466, 477Torre, Roberta, 437, 476, 478–9Tozzi, Chiara, 436Vitti, Monica, 437Vivanti, Annie, 434Wertmüller, Lina, 435, 465, 479–82,

485, 487, 718

MaltaAnastasi, Rebecca, 490 Azzopardi, Clare, 490Briguglio, Marie, 490Calleja, Sharon, 490Camilleri, Cassi, 490, 491Cremona, Rebecca, 488–9, 490, 491, 492Maslowska, Monika, 490, 492Montesin, Eileen, 490Muller, Angelique, 490, 491Spiteri, Simone, 490

NetherlandsAlonso Casale, Nathalie, 496, 509–10, 513Apon, Annette, 494, 497–9, 513Goos, Maria, 495, 505–6, 513, 514Gorris, Marleen, 495, 499–500, 514Honigmann, Heddy, 495, 502–4, 514Leopold, Nanouk, 496, 508–9Rots, Esther, 496, 510Sinke, Digna, 494, 500–1, 514Van Brakel, Nouchka, 494, 496–7, 515Van der Meulen, Helena, 496, 502, 504–5,

513, 514Van der Oest, Paula, 496, 506–8, 513Van Kooten, Kim, 496, 511–12, 514

NorwayBreien, Anja, 516, 517, 518, 519, 522Carlmar, Edith, 516Løkkeberg, Vibeke, 516, 517, 519–20, 522

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908 Index

Mikkelsen, Laila, 517Straume, Unni, 516, 517, 520–1, 522Ullmann, Liv, 516, 517

PolandAntoniak, Urszula, 525Holland, Agnieszka, 2, 523–4, 525Kedzierzawska, Dorota, 524, 525Roslaniec, Katarzyna, 525Szumowska, Malgorzata, 525

RomaniaAgopian, Ana, 530Anghel, Anastasia, 529Beligan, Marica, 526Boldur, Anda, 526Bostan, Elisabeta, 527Busuioceanu, Eugenia, 526Caraman, Geo, 531Catana , Andreea, 531Chiriacescu-Constantiniu, Melania, 529Constantinescu, Ileana, 530Damian, Anca, 530Eliad, Ioana, 530Farkas, Ecaterina, 527Gra dinariu, Anca, 531Icsari, Aurora, 527Ioachim, Oana, 530Istrate, Vasilica, 527Mesina , Viorica, 526Mueller, Herta, 526Nichitus, Cristina, 529Nicolae, Cristiana, 529, 530Nicolescu, Mara, 530Novak, Loredana, 531Ojog-Brasoveanu, Rodica, 526Olteanu-Matei, Draga, 529Padina, Rodica, 527, 528, 529Pana , Roxana, 526Pistiner, Ada, 530Popescu Doreanu, Paula, 530–1Postelnicu, Ioana, 526Ra suceanu, Oana, 530Robe, Camelia, 529Rugina , Iulia, 530Sadoveanu, Valeria and Profira, 526Sîrbu, Eva, 527, 528, 530Soradi, Loredana Ca lina, 530Ursianu, Malvina, 527, 529, 531–2Voiculescu, Marioara, 526

Serbia and YugoslaviaBalaž, Eva, 536Baletic, Hajdana, 536

Borisavljevic, Stanislava, 535Boškov, Gordana, 536Car, Ana Marija, 534Dirnbach, Zora, 534, 535Filipovic, Frida, 534Flis, Irma, 536Jovanovic, Darinka, 533Jovanovic, Sofija Soja, 534Jovanovic, Soja, 536Kapic, Suada, 536Kostadinovic, Aleksandra, 536Lazic, Mirjana, 536Leskovar, Deana, 535, 536Maksic, Biljana, 536Maric, Marija, 536Marjanovic, Zaga, 536Markovic, Milena, 537Miloš, Maja, 537Pavic, Ljiljana, 535Pejovic, Katarina, 536Ranc ic, Alenka, 535Srbljanovic, Biljana, 536Stojanovic, Svetlana, 536Ugrešic, Dubravka, 534, 535Vojnovic, Vladislava, 537Volk, Maja, 535

SpainBollaín, Icíar, 538, 539–40, 549Coixet, Isabel, 538, 540, 549Mariscal, Ana, 548Miró, Pilar, 540–1París, Inés, 538, 539, 542–8, 549Querejeta, Gracia, 543, 548Salvador, Lola, 541–2

SwedenAhrne, Marianne, 526, 563Alving, Barbro, 556, 564Arrhenius, Karin, 566, 567August, Pernilla, 567Bergman, Stina, 552, 555, 570–3Bernburg, Hanna, 551Berthels, Greta, 552, 554Björlind, Cecilia, 556Bloch, Harriet, 268, 269, 285, 551Broberg, Ragnhild E. Ch., 554Byström, Margaretha, 561Calamnius, Sigrid, 551Colfach, Elsa, 559, 560Cullborg, Majken, 557Dahlgren, Lotten, 552De Geer Bergenstråhle, Marie Louise, 561,

563, 567

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Index 909

Drago, Nathalie, 566Edqvist, Dagmar, 556Ehnmark, Loka, 559Ekström, Margareta, 559Fabik, Teresa, 566Fagerström-Olsson, Agneta, 562, 564Fallenius, Ella, 556Floyd, Yvonne, 560Fredén, Sofia, 566Fredriksson, Anna, 567Gamble, Nita, 560Garpe, Margareta, 563Gottfridsson, Linn, 566Gradvall, Pia, 566, 567Gripe, Maria, 561Hegeler, Inge, 560, 561Heldt, Sara, 562, 564Hellwig, Hilda, 563Herrström, Christina, 566Hoffman-Uddgren, Anna, 550Hollander, Judith, 564Isaksson, Ulla, 557–8, 560, 562Jackert, Cilla, 567Julin, Ester, 551–3, 567–70, Kadefors, Sara, 566Kåge, Ulla, 554, 555Karlsson, Maria, 566, 567Keining, Alexandra-Therese, 567Kleen, Else, 556, 557Koppel, Lena, 567Langseth, Lisa, 567Larsson, Linda, 557Lemhagen, Ella, 567Liewen, Eva, 556Lindblom, Gunnel, 562, 563Linde, Gunnel, 559, 564Lindgren, Astrid, 2, 558–61, 564, 573–5, 577Lindin, Ester, 556Löfhagen, Lovisa, 567Magner, Ingela, 564Maharaj, Grace, 567Mallik, Gita, 564Moberg, Eva, 559Nevander, Malin, 567O’Fredericks, Alice, 269, 270, 271, 554Øberg, Edit, 554Ohlin, Lisa, 562–3, 567Oljelund, Pernilla, 566Olofsson, Christina, 567Osten, Suzanne, 562, 563, 564, 567Peratt, Börje, 567Pichler, Gabriella, 567Prim, Ragnhild, 555Pyk, Antonia, 566, 567

Ramnefalk, Marie-Louise, 559Ray, Lolita, 567 Revenue, Petra, 567Rolfner, Monica, 563Sköld, Hanna, 566Skram Knudsen, Johanne, 551Stenberg, Birgitta, 559–60Stevens, Gösta, 554, 555Svensson, Birgitta, 564Ternström, Solveig, 561Thor, Annika, 566Thulin, Ingrid, 563Trotzig, Birgitta, 559Von Prangen, Agnete, 268, 552Wadell, Sara, 566Wägner, Elin, 550, 554, 556Wulff, Caja, 551Zacharias, Gun, 557Zacharias, Ann, 563Zetterling, Mai, 557, 559–60, 562, 604, 732

SwitzerlandBoss, Sabine, 584Faessler, Lisa, 582Gisinger, Sabine, 584Hesse-Rabinovitch, Isa, 581–2, 585Jaeggi, Danielle, 582Kovach, June, 582Lips-Mattler, Marie, 580Luif, Anna, 584Maillart, Ella, 580Main, Elizabeth, 579Meier, Ursula, 584Mertens, Reni, 580, 581Miéville, Anne-Marie, 583Oberli, Bettina, 584, 585Olesen, Muriel, 582Perincioli, Cristina, 582, 583Pletscher, Marianne, 584Pool, Léa, 583Roy, Tula, 686Simon, Maya, 582Štaka, Andrea, 232, 584Stöcklin, Tania, 583Tamm, Ernette, 579, 580Veuve, Jacqueline, 581–2, 585Waltz, Jeanne, 584Werenfels, Stina, 584

TurkeyArslan, Mizgin Mujde, 587Basarir, Ilksen, 588Esmer, Pelin, 587, 588, 590Kilickiran, Ceyda Asli, 588, 590

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910 Index

Okay, Meral Kati, 588Oraloglu, Lale, 588Özge, Asli, 587–9, 590Sonku, Cahide, 586Soray, Turkan, 586Soylemez, Belmin, 587Ustaoglu, Yesim, 587, 589–90

UKAlleyne, Muriel, 591–2Arnold, Andrea, 283, 609, 670–1, 679Barratt, Lezli Ann, 604Barrie, Evelyn, 596Batchelor, Joy, 648–53Bennett, Margot, 603Blizzard, Helen, 592Box, Muriel, 2, 413, 596, 603, 624–32,

633, 634, 681, 849Bristow, Billie, 592, 677Brunel, Adey, 592Buffini, Moira, 609Burnaby, Anne, 596Carter, Angela, 605Chadha, Gurindar, 70, 606Craigie, Jill, 596, 639–46, 678, 679–82Dane, Clemence, 596–7Deans, Marjorie, 597Delaney, Shelagh, 604, 654–62, 679,

681, 682Dell, Ethel M., 592Drabble, Margaret, 604Dunbar, Andrea, 604, 605Dunn, Nell, 604Dunn, Jan, 609, 667–9, 680, 682English, Jane, 609Fairhurst, Lyn, 603Farnum, Dorothy, 597–8Forster, Margaret, 604Gaffney, Marjorie, 597Gibb, Andrea, 608Glyn, Elinor, 592–3Goldman, Jane, 609Green, Janet, 2, 596, 597, 603, 632–9, 678Gurney, Kate, 593Hardy, Eva, 604Harvey, Lola, 598Hayward, Lydia Elizabeth, 593, 595, 610–19Henry, Joan, 596, 602–3, 604Hepworth, Margaret, 593Isitt, Debbie, 609Kennedy, Margaret, 597, 598, 622, 647La Plante, Lynda, 606MacIntosh, Blanche, 593, 677Meeham, Elizabeth, 598

Mellor, Edith, 593Mellor, Kay, 606Miller, Irene, 593–4Moggach, Deborah, 606Montgomery, Doreen, 598–9, 646–8Morgan, Diana, 599Morgan, Joan, 600Morgan, Abi, 185, 608–9Murillo, Mary, 594Potter, Sally, 153, 604, 609, 662–7, 680, 681Powell, Violet E., 594Prawer Jhabvala, Ruth, 604, 605Ramsay, Lynne, 604, 609, 671–7, 682Ramsey, Alicia, 595 Reville, Alma, 595, 596, 597, 598, 619–24,

752, 760Scott Rogers, Jean, 603Sagay, Misan, 608Shurey, Dinah, 595, 615, 616, 619, 680Sisson, Rosemary Anne, 604–5, 653–4Slovo, Shawn, 607Smith, Sarah, 609Storm, Lesley, 601–2, 677Strueby, Katherine, 600–1Thomas, Heidi, 608Thompson, Emma, 606, 607Thurston, Rita Temple, 595Towhidi, Juliet, 608Turnbull, Margaret, 595, 621Unsell, Eve, 595, 621Zetterling, Mai, 557, 559–60, 562, 604, 732

Part V: North America

CanadaBasen, Leila, 689Bingeman, Alison Lea, 690Cameron, Tassie, 689Chellas, Semi, 689Doron, Anita, 689Elliott Testar, Coralee, 689Esterhazy, Danisha, 689Gendron, Emma, 685Gibson, Rebecca, 689–90Harron, Mary, 686–7, 692MacLean, Alison, 689Marquis, Marguerite, 685Mehta, Deepa, 70, 686, 687–8Polley, Sarah, 686, 688Pool, Lea, 583, 686Rozema, Patricia, 688Schechter, Rebecca, 689Shipman, Nell, 627, 685–6Stopkewich, Lynn, 689

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Index 911

Tatchell, Terri, 690Vardalos, Nia, 690–2Walton, Karen, 689Wheeler, Anne, 688–9

CubaAlmira, Milena, 695, 698Ávila, Ivette, 695Barriga, Susana, 695, 698Castellanos, Adriana F., 695Chávez, Rebeca, 695, 697Fajardo, Arigna, 698Gómez, Sara, 694–7, 699González, Yanelvis, 695Hassan, Heidi, 698Ochoa, Marina, 695, 698Pardo, Yaima, 698Portieles, Vanesa, 695Rodríguez, Jessica, 695Rodríguez Abreu, Alina, 695, 698Rolando, Gloria, 695, 696–8Segura, Mayra, 695Solaya, Marilyn, 695Trujillo, Marisol, 695Vilásis, Mayra, 695

JamaicaBishop-Williams, Audrey, 705–10Chevannes, Amba, 705–9Latchman, Alison, 705–9Perkins, Elaine, 703–4Wells, Mary, 705–9

MexicoAbud, Liliana, 715Cortés, Busi, 715–16Cortes, Carmen, 715Garciadiego, Paz Alicia, 715, 716Garrido, Consuelo, 716Landeta, Matilde, 715, 717–18, 720Novaro, Maria, 718Peñaloza, Beatriz Novara, 718Pérez-Grovas, Cecilia, 715, 716–17, 718Rivera, Carolina, 715Violante, Marcela Fernandez, 715

USAAllen, Jay Presson, 732–3, 750–4,

854, 855Akins, Zoe, 727, 759, 833Anders, Allison, 754–7Anderson, Jane, 733, 757Angelou, Maya, 732Anhalt, Edna, 758

Arzner, Dorothy, 110, 215, 759, 834, 839, 854

Barzman, Norma, 731, 759–60Beecher, Elizabeth, 741Bendinger, Jessica, 762Benedek, Barbara, 760Benson, Sally, 623, 744, 760–1Beranger, Clara, 729, 761–2, 854Bergstein, Eleanor, 762Bertsch, Marguerite, 762–3Bigelow, Kathryn, 182, 733, 763–4,

852, 853Blackton, Marian Constance, 764, 852Borden, Lizzie, 733, 764Bostwick-Singer, Eugenia, 733, 765Brackett, Leigh, 731, 740–1, 765, 849Brown, Rita Mae, 765Buckley, Kristin, 766Burbridge, Betty, 741, 742Caspary, Vera, 731, 744, 766Chapman, Brenda, 733Chester, Lilian Christy, 766Cholodenko, Lisa, 745–50, 766, 780Clarke, Shirley, 732Cody, Diablo, 766–8Coffee, Lenore J., 727, 737, 768–73,

849, 851Collins, Suzanne, 773Comden, Betty, 742, 774Cooper, Olive, 741Coppola, Sofia, 351, 734, 774–6, 851Dash, Julie, 734, 776Davenport, Dorothy, 727Delmar, Vina, 776–7Deutsch, Helen 740, 777DeWolf, Karen, 731, 745, 777Didion, Joan, 777–8, 852Dixon, Leslie, 733, 734, 778–9, 851,

853, 854, 855Drew, Mrs. Sidney, 779–80, 852Dunham, Lena, 745–50, 780, 850, 851, 854Ephron, Delia, 780, 781, 854Ephron, Nora, 86, 349, 733, 758, 781, 853Ephron, Phoebe, 780, 781–3 Fairfax, Marion, 783Fey, Tina, 783–4Fink, Rita M., 784Fisher, Carrie, 784, 852Flagg, Fannie, 784–5, 852Foner, Naomi, 785–6Fox, Dana, 786Frank Jr, Harriet, 786Frings, Ketti, 744Froelich, Anne, 731

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912 Index

Gardiner, Becky, 727Gardner, Helen, 787–91, 842Gauntier, Gene, 1, 411, 420–2, 431, 726,

791–3, 849, 852Goodrich, Frances, 742Grant, Susannah, 793Greenwald, Maggie, 734Hammer, Barbara, 732, 851Harrison, Joan, 623, 738–9, 794Hart, Julia, 794Heckerling, Amy, 794–5, 854, 855Henley, Beth, 795Holofcener, Nicole, 734, 795–7, 851, 692Houston, Drusilla Dunjee, 797–8, 851Hovey, Tamara, 731Howell, Dorothy, 727Hunt, Bonnie, 798Jenkins, Patty, 798–9Kanin, Fay, 799–800, 849Katz, Gloria, 800Kavanaugh, Frances, 741Kazan, Zoe, 800Kellogg, Virginia, 744, 800Kerr, Laura, 800, 850Khouri, Callie, 733, 800–1, 852King, Bradley, 801–2, 855Kingsley, Dorothy, 802Lake, Diane, 802Lemmons, Kasi, 734, 802–3Lennart, Isobel, 740, 803Levien, Sonya, 803–4, 833, 851, 854Likke, Nnegest, 734Loden, Barbara, 732Loos, Anita, 15, 114, 727, 729, 804–8, 829,

830, 851, 853, 855Lupino, Ida, 718, 737, 754, 808–17,

853, 855Maas, Frederica Sagor, 834–5Macpherson, Jeanie, 450, 727, 770,

817–19, 824, 850Marion, Frances, 80, 85, 86, 114, 727–9,

818–21, 850, 853Martin, Darnell, 734, 821Mason, Sarah Y., 821–2, 829Mathis, June 80, 114, 822–3, 852, 855Mathison, Melissa, 823May, Elaine, 718, 733, 823–4McCall Jr, Mary C., 744–5, 759, 817, 832McKenna, Aline Brosh, 734 Mecchi, Irene, 733, 824, 848, 849Meredyth, Bess, 818, 824–7Meriwether, Elizabeth, 827Meyers, Nancy, 733, 827–8, 850Miller, Susan, 733

Mumolo, Annie, 828, 848Moncrieff, Karen, 734Murfin, Jane, 828–9Murray, Mae, 727 Myers, Claudia, 726, 829Park, Ida May, 830Park, Lottie Blair, 727Parker, Dorothy, 731, 778, 830–1, 838Parsons, Louella, 727, 761Perelman, Laura, 729Perlman, Nicole, 831Raphael, June Diane, 831Rees, Dee, 832Reichardt, Kelly, 832, 850Reinhardt, Elizabeth, 832Richards, Silvia, 832–3Roberts, Marguerite, 731, 741, 829,

833, 855Robinson, Sally, 733Rose, Ruth, 833Rothman, Stephanie, 732Rouverol, Jean, 833–4Salt, Jennifer, 835Sandler, Susan, 835Savoca, Nancy, 835–6, 852, 855Scafaria, Lorene, 836Schacter, Beth, 836Schiff, Robin, 836–7Schroeder, Doris, 804, 837Scola, Kathryn, 598, 837Selbo, Jule, 837Seros, Alexandra, 838Silver, Amanda, 838Silver, Joan Micklin, 733Slesinger, Tess, 759, 838–9, 849, 854, 855Sloan, Holly Goldberg, 839Spewack, Bella, 743Spheeris, Penelope, 733, 839, 841Stevens, Dana, 734St John, Adela, 728, 829Swicord, Robin, 800, 839–40Taffel, Bess, 731, 840Tewkesbury, Joan, 840Thomas, Anna, 802, 840–1Thomas, Diane, 841Thompson, Caroline, 841, 849Troche, Rose, 841–2Turney, Catherine, 736–8, 842, 855Underhill, Harriete, 842, 850Van Upp, Helen, 842Van Upp, Virginia, 737, 738, 842–3Verducci, Pat, 843Wagner, Jane, 843Ward, Luci, 843

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Index 913

Weber, Lois, 1, 326, 594, 726, 783, 820, 837, 844–5

Weiss, Lizzie, 845Wells, Audrey, 845West, Mae, 727, 728, 730, 731, 807,

846–8, 850, 855White, Noni, 733, 766, 848Wiig, Kristen, 828, 848Wilder, Margaret Buell, 743Woolverton, Linda, 733, 841, 848–9

Part VI: South America

ArgentinaBemberg, María Luisa, 859, 865–9Berneri, Anahí, 862Bortnik, Aida, 859, 863–5Carri, Albertina, 860, 861Chen, Verónica, 861Gugliotta, Sandra, 862Guido, Beatriz, 859, 862–3Katz, Ana, 862Marshall, Niní, 859Martel, Lucrecia, 860, 861Meerapfel, Jeanine, 860Murga, Celina, 862Puenzo, Lucía, 861, 864–5Schua, Ana María, 860Silvestre, Susana, 861Stantic, Lita, 859–60, 861, 866

BrazilDe Abreu, Gilda, 871Bengell, Norma, 871Camurati, Carla, 872–3

Lóes, Dilma, 872Magalhães, Ana Maria, 872Muylaert, Anna, 873Santos, Carmen, 870–1Soárez, Elena, 873, 874

ChileCastillo, Carmen, 877–8Del Fierro, Paula, 879, 885–6Fernandez, Josefina, 879Fernandez, Nona, 879Fernández, Patricia Paola ‘Nona’, 879Gaviola, Tatiana, 878–9, 882–3, 887Gómez, Carolina ‘Coca’, 879Mallet, Marilú, 877, 887Rivas, Marialy, 879, 887Rodríguez de la Serna, Rosario, 875Sarmiento, Valeria, 876, 878, 880–2, 887Scherson, Alicia, 879, 884–5Sotomayor, Dominga, 879, 880Vázquez, Angelina, 877Von Bussenius, Gabriela, 875, 887Yankovic, Nieves, 876–7

VenezuelaBenacerraf, Margot, 889–92, 899, 900Cárdenas, Margarita, 896–7, 900Dendiouk, Irina, 899Hoogesteijn, Solveig, 892–4, 899Paez, Gabriela Rivas, 899Paiz, Carolina, 899Rodriguez, Milagro, 899Rondón, Mariana, 897–9, 900Torres, Fina, 893, 894–5, 899, 900Ugas, Martie, 899

Copyrighted material – 978–1–137–31236–5

Copyrighted material – 978–1–137–31236–5