Copyright©2008 N.AlJaffan®KSU1 Storage Chapter 6 Objectives.

Copyright©2008 N.AlJaffan®KSU 1

Storage

Chap

ter 6

Objectives


Storage

Storage holds data, instructions and information for future use.

Storage medium, also called secondary storage,

Is the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions and information.

For Example: hard disks, floppy disks, Zip disks, CDs and DVDs, tape, Pc Cards, flash memory cards, USB flash devices and microfilm.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

Capacity is the number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold.

Chap

ter 6

Storage Term

Approximate number of bytes

Exact number of bytes

Kilobyte (KB)

1 thousand 210 Or 1,024

megabyte (MB)

1 million 220

Gigabyte (GB)

1 Billion 230

Terabyte (TB)

1 trillion 240

Petabyte (PB)

1 quadrillion 250

Exabyte (EB)

1 quintillion 260

Zettabyte (ZB)

1 sextillion 270

Yottabyte (YB)

1 septillion 280


Storage

Storage device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and form storage media.

Writing is the process of transferring data, instructions, and information from memory to a storage medium.

Reading is the process of transferring these items from a storage medium into memory.

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Storage

The speed of storage devices is defined by The speed of storage devices is defined by access time.access time.

Access timeAccess time measures the amount of time measures the amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium.on a storage medium.

The access time of storage device is slow The access time of storage device is slow ( millisecond ) , compared with the access ( millisecond ) , compared with the access time of memory ( nanosecond ). time of memory ( nanosecond ).

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Storage

Magnetic Disks

Use magnetic particles to store items such as data, instructions and information on a disk’s surface.

Depending on how the magnetic particles are aligned, they represent either a 0 bit or a 1 bit.

Store data and instructions in tracks and sectors.

Track is an narrow recording band that forms a full circle on the surface of the disk.

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Storage

Magnetic Disks

The disk’s storage locations consist of pie- shaped sections, which break the tracks into small arcs called sectors.

A sector typically stores up to 512 bytes of data.

Three type of magnetic disks are Hard disks ,Floppy disks and Zip disks.

Some of these disks are portable which means you can remove the medium from one computer and carry it to another computer; others are not.

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Storage

Hard Disks

Is a storage device that contains one or more inflexible, circular platter that store data, instructions and information.

The System unit on most desktop and notebook computers contains at least one hard disk.

The entire device is enclosed in an airtight, sealed case to protect it from contamination.

Is mounted inside the system unit sometimes is called a fixed disk because it is not portable.

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ter 6


Storage

Hard Disks

Current personal computer hard disks have storage capacities from 80 to 500 GB and more.

Longitudinal recording, which aligned the magnetic particles horizontally around the surface of the disk.

Perpendicular recording, by contrast, hard disks align the magnetic particles vertically, or perpendicular to the disk’s surface, making much greater storage capacities possible.

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ter 6


Characteristics of a Hard Disks

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ter 6


Storage


PlatterPlatter is made of aluminum, glass, or is made of aluminum, glass, or ceramic and is coated with an alloy ceramic and is coated with an alloy material that allows items to be recorded material that allows items to be recorded magnetically on its surface.magnetically on its surface.

On desktop computer, platters most often On desktop computer, platters most often have size of approximately 3.5 inches in have size of approximately 3.5 inches in diameter.diameter.

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Chap

ter 6

Hard disk has multiple platters Hard disk has multiple platters stacked on top of one anotherstacked on top of one another

Each platter has 2 Each platter has 2 read/write read/write headhead, one each side., one each side.

The location of the read/write The location of the read/write heads often is referred to by its heads often is referred to by its

cylindercylinder

CylinderCylinder is the vertical section is the vertical section of a track that passes through of a track that passes through

all plattersall platters

A single movement of the A single movement of the read/write head arms accesses read/write head arms accesses

all the platters in a cylinderall the platters in a cylinder

2 platters2 platters each with each with 1000 tracks1000 tracks, then , then it will have it will have 1000 cylinders1000 cylinders each cylinder consisting of each cylinder consisting of 4 tracks4 tracks


Storage


While the computer is running, the platters rotate at a high rate of speed.

The rate of spinning usually is 5.400 to 15,000 revolutions per minute (rpm).

The platters typically continue to spin until power is removed from the computer.

On many computers, the hard disk stops spinning after a specified time to save power.

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Storage


The spinning motion creates a cushion of air between the platter and its read/write head .

This cushion ensures that the read/write head floats above the platter instead of making direct contact with the platter surface.

The distance between the read/write head and the platter is about 2 millionths of on inch.

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Storage


Dirt , hair, dust , smoke and other particles could cause the hard disk to have a head crash.

A head crash occurs when a read/write head touches the surface of a platter, usually resulting in a loss of data or sometimes loss of the entire drive.

Backup is a duplicate of a file, program, or disk that you can use in case the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed.

Access time for today’s hard disks ranges from approximately 3 to 12 ms (milliseconds).

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Storage

Miniature Hard Disks

Many mobile device and consumer electronics include miniature hard disks.

These tiny hard disks are found in devices such as audio players, digital cameras, smart phones, and PDAs.

It has a greater storage capacities than flash memory.

Miniature hard disk have storage capacities that range from 2 GB to 120 GB.

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Storage

Portable Hard Disks

Its either are external or removable and have storage capacities up to 500 GB or higher.

The entire hard disk is enclosed in an airtight, sealed case.

External hard diskExternal hard disk is a separate freestanding hard disk that connects with a cable to a USB port or FireWire port on the system unit.

Removable hard diskRemovable hard disk is a hard disk that you insert and removed from either a dock or a drive.

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Storage

Portable Hard Disks

Portable hard disk offer the following advantages over internal hard disks( fixed disk):

Transport a large number of files. Back up important files or an entire internal hard

disk (Several external hard disk models allow you Several external hard disk models allow you to back up simply by pushing a button on the to back up simply by pushing a button on the diskdisk ))..

Easily store large audio and video files.Easily store large audio and video files. Secure your data.Secure your data. Add storage space to computer without having to Add storage space to computer without having to

open the system unit.open the system unit. Share a drive with multiple computer.Share a drive with multiple computer.

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Storage

Hard Disk Controllers

Its consists of a special-purpose chip and electronic circuits that controls the interface between the hard disk and system bus.

Its may be part of a hard disk or the motherboard or may be a separate adapter card inside the system unit.

The types of available hard disk interface External hard disk interface USB and FireWire. Internal hard disk interface SATA , EIDE and

SCSI.

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Storage


SATA ( Serial Advanced Technology Attachment )

The newest type of hard disk interface

Uses serial signals to transfer data.

Their cables are thinner, longer, more flexible and less susceptible to interference than cable used by HD that use parallel signals.

Support connections to CD and DVD drivers.

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ter 6


Storage


EIDE ( Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics )

Uses parallel signals to transfer data.

Support up to 4 HD at 137 GB per disk.

Provide connections for CD, DVD driver and Tape Driver.

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ter 6


Storage


SCSI ( Small Computer System Interface )

Uses parallel signals to transfer data.

Support up to 8 or 15 peripheral device.

Provide connections for CD, DVD driver and Tape Driver, printers, scanners, network cards and much more.

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ter 6


Storage

Online Storage

Is a service on the web that provides hard disk storage to computer users usually for a minimal monthly fee.

User subscribe to an online storage service g for a variety reasons:

To access files on the Internet hard disk from any computer or device that has Internet access.

To share these file with other people instead of e-mailing the files to them.

To store offsite backups of data.

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Storage

Floppy Disks, also called Diskette

Is a portable, inexpensive storage medium that consists of a thin, circular, flexible plastic Mylar film with a magnetic coating enclosed in square shape plastic shell

A typical floppy disk is 3.5 inches wide and can store up to 1.44 MB.

You can read from/ write on a floppy disk any number of times.

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Storage

Floppy disk drive Is device that read from/write on floppy disk.

User inserts diskette in and removes it from floppy device

In past PCs and notebook computers had a floppy drive installed inside the system unit.

Most computer today do not include a floppy disk driver as standard equipment. On these computer you can use external floppy disk drive.

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ter 6


Storage

Zip Disks

Is a type of portable magnetic media that can store from 100 MB to 750 MB of data.

Zip Drive

Is a high capacity disk drive developed by Iomega Corporation that reads from and writes on a Zip disk.

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ter 6


Storage

Optical Discs

Is a type of optical storage media that consists of a flat, round, portable, disc made of metal, plastic, lacquer.

The Disc Size usually are 4.75 inches in diameter.

Some Optical disc formats re read only, others are read/write.

Every PC today includes some type of optical disc drive installed in a drive bay.

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ter 6


Storage

Optical Discs

Other convenient features on most of these drives include a volume control button and headphone port so you can use it to listen to audio without disturbing others nearby.

With some discs, you can read and / or write on one side only. Other discs are double-sided.

Double-sided disc often have no label; instead each side of he disc is identified with small writing around the center of the disc.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

Optical Discs

Optical discs store items by using microscopic pits ( indentations) and lands (flat areas) that are in the middle layer of the disc.

A high-powered laser light reads items from the disc by reflecting light through the bottom of the disc, which usually is either solid gold or silver in color.

The reflected light is converted into a series of bits the computer can process

Chap

ter 6


StorageOptical DiscsMany different formats of optical discs exist

today. DVDs having a much greater storage capacity than CDs.

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ter 6

Optical Disc Read Write Erase

CD-Rom Y N N

CD-R Y Y N

CD-RW Y Y Y

DVD-ROM Y N N

DVD-R /DVD+R Y Y N

DVD-RW / DVD+RW/ DVD+RAM

Y Y Y


Storage

CD-ROMS

Compact disc read-only memory, is a type of optical disc that users can read but not write ( record) or erase.

Manufacture write the contents of standard CD-ROM.

A standard CD-ROM is called a single-session disc because manufacturers write all items on the disc at one time.

SW manufacturers often distribute programs using CD-ROMs.

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ter 6


Storage

CD-ROMS

CD-ROM hold from 650 MB to 1 GB of data.

To read a CD-ROM, insert the disc in a CD-ROM driver or CD-ROM player.

Because audio CDs and CD-ROMs use the same laser technology, you may be able to use a CD-Rom driver to listen to an audio CD while working on the computer.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

Picture CDs

A Kodak Picture CD is a type of single-session disc that stores digital versions of a single roll of film using a jpg file format.

Many stores have kiosks at which you can print pictures from a Picture CD or other media.

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ter 6


Storage

CD-Rs and CS-RWs

Many Personal computers today include either a CD-R or CD-RW driver as a standard feature.

Un like CD-ROM drivers, users record or write their own data on a disc with a CD-R or CD-RW driver.

The process of writing on an optical disc is called burning.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

CD-Rs and CS-RWs

CD-R ( compact disc-recordable) is a multisession optical disc on which users can write but not erase, their own items or data.

Multisession means you can write on part of the disc at one time and another part at a later time.

Each part of a CD-R can be written on only one time, and the content cannot be erased.

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ter 6


Storage

CD-Rs and CS-RWs

CD-RW ( compact disc-rewriteable) is an erasable multisession optical disc on which users can write on multiple times.

Multisession means you can write on part of the disc at one time and another part at a later time.

To write on a CD-RW disc, you must have CD-RW software and CD-RW drive.

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ter 6


Storage

CD-Rs and CS-RWs

Using a CD-RW disc to back up large files from a hard disk or to create audio CDs.

The process of copying audio and/or video data from a purchases disc and saving it on digital media is called ripping.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

DVD-ROMs

Digital versatile disc-read-only memory or digital video disc-read-only memory

Is an extremely high-capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write or erase.

DVD-ROMs store movies, music, huge databases and complex software.

To read a DVD-ROM, you must have a DVD-ROM drive or DVD player.

Most DVD-ROM drives also can read audio CDs, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs and CD-RWs.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

DVD-ROMs

DVD-ROM uses one of 3 storage techniques.

1. Involves making the disc denser by packing the pits closer together.

2. Involves using two layers of pits. For the technique to work, the lower layer of pits is semitransparent so the laser can read through it to the upper layer. This technique doubles the capacities of disc.

3. Some DVD-ROMs are double sided.

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ter 6


Storage

DVD-ROMs

DVD-ROM Storage Capacity

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ter 6

Sides Layers Storage Capacity

1 1 4.7 GB

1 2 8.5 GB

2 1 9.4 GB

2 2 17 GB


Storage

Two newer , quite expensive competing DVD formats are Blu-ray and HD-DVD .

Blu-ray disc currently has storage capacities of 27 GB, with expectations of exceeding 100 GB in the future.

HD-DVD disc ( high- density- DVD) has storage capacities up to 45 GB.

Mini-DVD that has grown in popularity is the UMD, which works specifically with the PlayStation Portable handheld game console.

The UMD ( Universal Media Disc), which has a diameter of about 2.4 inches, can store up to 1.8 GB of games, movies or music.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

Recordable and Rewritable DVDs

DVD-R and DVD+R allow users to write on the disc once and read it many times.

DVD-RW an DVD+RW , a user can erase and record more than 1,000 times.

DVD+RAM allows users to erase and record more than 100,000 times.

Many industry professionals expect that DVD eventually will replace all CD media.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

TAPE

One of the first storage media used with mainframe computer was tape.

Tap is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information at a low cost.

Tape no longer is used as a primary storage.

A type drive reads and write data and information on a tape.

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ter 6


Storage

TAPE

Older computers used reel-to-reel tape drives, today’s tape drives use tape cartridges.

Tap cartridges is a small, rectangular, plastic housing for tape.

Tape cartridges that contain quarter-inch-wide tape are slightly larger than audiocassette tapes.

Business and home users sometimes back up PC hard disks to tape.

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Storage

TAPE

Some PC have external tape units. Other have the tape drive built into the system unit.

On larger computer, tape cartridges are mounted in a separate cabinet called a tape library.

Tap storage requires sequential access, which refers to reading or writing data one after the other.

You must forward or rewind the tape to a specific point to access a specific piece of data.

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ter 6


Storage

TAPE

Hard disks , CDs and DVDs all use direct access.

Direct access mean that the device can locate a particular data item or file immediately.

When writing or reading specific data, direct access is much faster than sequential access.

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ter 6


Storage

PC Cards

Is a thin, credit-card-sized device that fits into a PC Card slot.

Different types and size of PC Cards add Storage, Additional memory, Fax/modem, networking, sound and other capabilities to a desktop or notebook computer.

Commonly are used in notebook computers.

The Advantage of a PC Card for storage is portability.

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Storage

PC Cards

Three Kinds of PC cards are available:

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ter 6

Category

Thickness

Use

Type I 3.3 mm RAM, SRAM, flash memory

Type II 5.0 mm Modem, LAN,SCSI, Sound, TV tuner, Hard disk or other storage

Type III

10.5 mm

Rotating storage such as a hard disk


Storage

Miniature Mobile Storage Media

Allow mobile uses easily to transport digital images, music, or documents to and from computers and other device.

Many Computers or devices have built-in ports or slots to hold miniature mobile storage media. If your computer or printer dose not have a built-in slot, you can use card reader/writer usually connect to USB port, FireWire port or parallel port on the system unit.

Three types of Miniature mobile storage media:Flash memory, memory cards, USB flash drives , and smart cards.

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Storage

Flash memory Cards

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ter 6

Media Name

Storage Capacity

Use

CompactFlash 64 MB to

8 GB

Digital Cameras, PDAS, Smart phone, photo printers, audio

players, notebook computers, Desktop

computer

Smart Media 32MB to

128 MB

Digital Cameras, photo printers, audio

players.


Storage

Flash memory Cards

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ter 6

Media Name

Storage Capacity

Use

Secure Digital 64 MB to 1

GB

Digital Cameras, PDAS, Smart phone, photo

printers, music players, Digital video camera

xD Picture Card

64 MB to 1 GB

Digital Cameras, photo printers.


Storage

Flash memory Cards

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ter 6

Media Name

Storage Capacity

Use

Memory Stick 256 MB to

4 GB

Digital Cameras, PDAS, Smart phone, photo printers, handheld

game consoles, notebook computer


Storage

USB Flash Drives

Sometimes called a pen drive, is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port on a computer or mobile device.

Become the mobile user’s primary storage device.

Current USB flash drive have storage capacities up to 4 GB.

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ter 6


Storage

Smart Cards

Which is similar in size to a credit card or ATM card, stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card.

Smart cards contain a processor and have input , process, output , and storage capabilities.

Uses of smart cards include storing medical records, vaccination data, and other health-care or identification information; tracking information such as customer purchases or employee attendance

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ter 6


Storage

Microfilm and Microfiche

Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic images of documents on roll or sheet film.

Microfilm is a 100-to 215- foot roll of film.

Microfiche is a small sheet of film , usually about 4X6 inches.

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Storage


Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic images of documents on roll or sheet film.

Microfilm is a 100-to 215- foot roll of film.

Microfiche is a small sheet of film , usually about 4X6 inches.

A computer output microfilm recorder is the device that records the images on the film. You can read them only with microfilm or microfiche reader

Chap

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Storage


Libraries use these media to store back issues of newspapers, magazines and genealogy record.

Some large organization use microfilm and microfiche to archive inactive files.

Some banks use them to store transactions and canceled checks.

The advantages of using it :1. They greatly reduce the amount of paper firms must

handle.2. They are inexpensive and have the longest life of any

storage media.

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ter 6


Storage

Optical Discs

Is a type of optical storage media that consists Is a type of optical storage media that consists of a flat, round, portable, disc made of metal, of a flat, round, portable, disc made of metal, plastic, lacquer.plastic, lacquer.

The Disc Size usually are 4.75 inches in The Disc Size usually are 4.75 inches in diameter.diameter.

Some Optical disc formats are read only; Some Optical disc formats are read only; Others are read/write.Others are read/write.

Every PC today includes some type of optical Every PC today includes some type of optical disc drive installed in a drive bay.disc drive installed in a drive bay.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

Optical DiscsOptical Discs

Other convenient features on most of these Other convenient features on most of these drives include a volume control button and drives include a volume control button and headphone port so you can use it to listen to headphone port so you can use it to listen to audio without disturbing others nearby.audio without disturbing others nearby.

With some discs, you can read and / or write on With some discs, you can read and / or write on one sideone side only. Other discs are only. Other discs are double-sided.double-sided.

Double-sided disc often have no label; instead Double-sided disc often have no label; instead each side of he disc is identified with small each side of he disc is identified with small writing around the center of the disc.writing around the center of the disc.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

Optical DiscsOptical Discs

Optical discs store items by using microscopic Optical discs store items by using microscopic pits ( indentations) and lands (flat areas) that pits ( indentations) and lands (flat areas) that are in the middle layer of the disc.are in the middle layer of the disc.

A high-powered laser light reads items from the A high-powered laser light reads items from the disc by reflecting light through the bottom of disc by reflecting light through the bottom of the disc, which usually is either solid gold or the disc, which usually is either solid gold or silver in color.silver in color.

The reflected light is converted into a series of The reflected light is converted into a series of bits the computer can processbits the computer can process

Chap

ter 6


StorageOptical DiscsMany different formats of optical discs exist

today. DVDs having a much greater storage capacity than CDs.

Chap

ter 6

Optical Disc Read Write Erase

CD-ROM Y N N

CD-R Y Y N

CD-RW Y Y Y

DVD-ROM Y N N

DVD-R /DVD+R Y Y N

DVD-RW / DVD+RW/ DVD+RAM

Y Y Y


Storage

CD-ROMSCD-ROMS

Compact disc read-only memory, is a type of optical Compact disc read-only memory, is a type of optical disc that users can read but not write ( record) or disc that users can read but not write ( record) or erase.erase.

Manufacture write the contents of standard CD-ROM.Manufacture write the contents of standard CD-ROM.

A standard CD-ROM is called a A standard CD-ROM is called a single-session discsingle-session disc because manufacturers write all items on the disc because manufacturers write all items on the disc at one time.at one time.

SW manufacturers often distribute programs using SW manufacturers often distribute programs using CD-ROMs.CD-ROMs.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

CD-ROMSCD-ROMS

CD-ROM hold from 650 MB to 1 GB of data.CD-ROM hold from 650 MB to 1 GB of data.

To read a CD-ROM, insert the disc in a To read a CD-ROM, insert the disc in a CD-CD-ROM driver or CD-ROM player.ROM driver or CD-ROM player.

Because audio CDs and CD-ROMs use the Because audio CDs and CD-ROMs use the same laser technology, you may be able to same laser technology, you may be able to use a CD-Rom driver to listen to an audio use a CD-Rom driver to listen to an audio CD while working on the computer.CD while working on the computer.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

Picture CDsPicture CDs

A Kodak Picture CD is a type of A Kodak Picture CD is a type of

single-session disc that stores digitalsingle-session disc that stores digital

versions of a single roll of film usingversions of a single roll of film using

a jpg file format.a jpg file format.

Many stores have Many stores have kioskskiosks at which you can at which you can

print pictures from a Picture CD or other print pictures from a Picture CD or other media.media.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

CD-Rs and CS-RWsCD-Rs and CS-RWs

Many Personal computers today include either Many Personal computers today include either a CD-R or CD-RW driver as a standard feature.a CD-R or CD-RW driver as a standard feature.

Un like CD-ROM drivers, users record or write Un like CD-ROM drivers, users record or write their own data on a disc with a CD-R or CD-RW their own data on a disc with a CD-R or CD-RW driver.driver.

The process of writing on an optical disc is The process of writing on an optical disc is called called burningburning..

Chap

ter 6


Storage


CD-RCD-R ( compact disc-recordable) is a multisession ( compact disc-recordable) is a multisession optical disc on which users can write but not optical disc on which users can write but not erase, their own items or data.erase, their own items or data.

MultisessionMultisession means you can write on part of the means you can write on part of the disc at one time and another part at a later disc at one time and another part at a later time.time.

Each part of a CD-R can be written on only one Each part of a CD-R can be written on only one time, and the content cannot be erased.time, and the content cannot be erased.

Chap

ter 6


Storage


CD-RWCD-RW ( compact disc-rewriteable) is an ( compact disc-rewriteable) is an erasable multisession optical disc on which erasable multisession optical disc on which users can write on multiple times.users can write on multiple times.

To write on a CD-RW disc, you must have CD-To write on a CD-RW disc, you must have CD-RW software and CD-RW drive.RW software and CD-RW drive.

Using a CD-RW disc to back up large files from Using a CD-RW disc to back up large files from a hard disk or to create audio CDs.a hard disk or to create audio CDs.

The process of copying audio and/or video The process of copying audio and/or video data from a purchases disc and saving it on data from a purchases disc and saving it on digital media is called digital media is called rippingripping..

Chap

ter 6


Storage

DVD-ROMsDVD-ROMs

Digital versatile disc-read-only memory Digital versatile disc-read-only memory or digital video disc-read-only memoryor digital video disc-read-only memory

Is an extremely high-capacity optical Is an extremely high-capacity optical disc on which users can read but not disc on which users can read but not write or erase.write or erase.

DVD-ROMs store movies, music, huge DVD-ROMs store movies, music, huge databases and complex software.databases and complex software.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

DVD-ROMsDVD-ROMs

To read a DVD-ROM, you must have a To read a DVD-ROM, you must have a DVD-ROM drive or DVD playerDVD-ROM drive or DVD player..

Most DVD-ROM drives also can read Most DVD-ROM drives also can read audio CDs, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs and CD-audio CDs, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs and CD-RWs.RWs.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

DVD-ROMsDVD-ROMs

DVD-ROM uses one of 3 storage techniques.DVD-ROM uses one of 3 storage techniques.

1.1. Involves making the disc denser by Involves making the disc denser by packing the pits closer together.packing the pits closer together.

2.2. Involves using two layers of pits. For the Involves using two layers of pits. For the technique to work, the lower layer of pits technique to work, the lower layer of pits is semitransparent so the laser can read is semitransparent so the laser can read through it to the upper layer. This through it to the upper layer. This technique doubles the capacities of disc.technique doubles the capacities of disc.

3.3. Some DVD-ROMs are double sided.Some DVD-ROMs are double sided.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

DVD-ROMs

DVD-ROM Storage Capacity

Chap

ter 6

SidesSides LayersLayers Storage Storage CapacityCapacity

11 11 4.7 GB4.7 GB

11 22 8.5 GB8.5 GB

22 11 9.4 GB9.4 GB

22 22 17 GB17 GB


Storage

Two newer , quite expensive competing Two newer , quite expensive competing DVD formats are Blu-ray and HD-DVDDVD formats are Blu-ray and HD-DVD . .

Blu-ray discBlu-ray disc currently has storage currently has storage capacities of 27 GB, with expectations capacities of 27 GB, with expectations of exceeding 100 GB in the future.of exceeding 100 GB in the future.

HD-DVD discHD-DVD disc ( high- density- DVD) ( high- density- DVD) has storage capacities up to 45 GB.has storage capacities up to 45 GB.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

Mini-DVDMini-DVD that has grown in popularity is that has grown in popularity is the the UMDUMD, which works specifically with , which works specifically with the PlayStation Portable handheld the PlayStation Portable handheld game console.game console.

TheThe UMD UMD ( Universal Media Disc), which ( Universal Media Disc), which has a diameter of about 2.4 inches, has a diameter of about 2.4 inches, can store up to 1.8 GB of games, can store up to 1.8 GB of games, movies or music.movies or music.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

Recordable and Rewritable DVDsRecordable and Rewritable DVDs

DVD-R and DVD+RDVD-R and DVD+R allow users to write allow users to write on the disc once and read it many times.on the disc once and read it many times.

DVD-RW an DVD+RWDVD-RW an DVD+RW , a user can , a user can erase and record more than 1,000 times.erase and record more than 1,000 times.

DVD+RAMDVD+RAM allows users to erase and allows users to erase and record more than 100,000 times.record more than 100,000 times.

Many industry professionals expect that Many industry professionals expect that DVD eventually will replace all CD media.DVD eventually will replace all CD media.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

TAPETAPE

One of the first storage media used with One of the first storage media used with mainframe computer was tape.mainframe computer was tape.

TapTap is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and capable of storing large amounts of data and information at a low cost.information at a low cost.

Tape no longer is used as a primary storage. Tape no longer is used as a primary storage.

A A type drive type drive reads and write data and reads and write data and information on a tape.information on a tape.

Chap

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Storage

TAPETAPE

Older computers used reel-to-reel tape drives, Older computers used reel-to-reel tape drives, today’s tape drives use tape cartridges.today’s tape drives use tape cartridges.

Tap cartridges is a small, rectangular, plastic Tap cartridges is a small, rectangular, plastic housing for tape.housing for tape.

Tape cartridges that contain quarter-inch-Tape cartridges that contain quarter-inch-wide tape are slightly larger than wide tape are slightly larger than audiocassette tapes.audiocassette tapes.

Business and home users sometimes back up Business and home users sometimes back up PC hard disks to tape.PC hard disks to tape.

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Storage

TAPE

Some PC have external tape units. Other have Some PC have external tape units. Other have the tape drive built into the system unit.the tape drive built into the system unit.

On larger computer, tape cartridges are On larger computer, tape cartridges are mounted in a separate cabinet called a tape mounted in a separate cabinet called a tape library.library.

Tap storage requires sequential access, which Tap storage requires sequential access, which refers to reading or writing data one after the refers to reading or writing data one after the other.other.

You must forward or rewind the tape to a You must forward or rewind the tape to a specific point to access a specific piece of data.specific point to access a specific piece of data.

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Storage

TAPETAPE

Hard disks , CDs and DVDs all use direct Hard disks , CDs and DVDs all use direct access.access.

Direct access mean that the device can Direct access mean that the device can locate a particular data item or file locate a particular data item or file immediately.immediately.

When writing or reading specific data, direct When writing or reading specific data, direct access is much faster than sequential access.access is much faster than sequential access.

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Storage

PC CardsPC Cards

Is a thin, credit-card-sized device that fits into a Is a thin, credit-card-sized device that fits into a PC Card slot.PC Card slot.

Different types and size of PC Cards add Different types and size of PC Cards add Storage, Additional memory, Fax/modem, Storage, Additional memory, Fax/modem, networking, sound and other capabilities to a networking, sound and other capabilities to a desktop or notebook computer.desktop or notebook computer.

Commonly are used in notebook computers.Commonly are used in notebook computers.

The Advantage of a PC Card for storage is The Advantage of a PC Card for storage is portability.portability.

Chap

ter 6


Storage

PC Cards

Three Kinds of PC cards are available:

Chap

ter 6

Category

Thickness

Use

Type I 3.3 mm RAM, SRAM, flash memory

Type II 5.0 mm Modem, LAN,SCSI, Sound, TV tuner, Hard disk or other storage

Type III

10.5 mm

Rotating storage such as a hard disk


Storage

Miniature Mobile Storage MediaMiniature Mobile Storage Media

Allow mobile uses easily to transport digital Allow mobile uses easily to transport digital images, music, or documents to and from images, music, or documents to and from computers and other device.computers and other device.

Many Computers or devices have built-in ports or Many Computers or devices have built-in ports or slots to hold miniature mobile storage media. slots to hold miniature mobile storage media. If your computer or printer dose not have a If your computer or printer dose not have a built-in slot, you can use built-in slot, you can use card reader/writer card reader/writer usually connect to USB port, FireWire port or usually connect to USB port, FireWire port or parallel port on the system unit.parallel port on the system unit.

Three types of Miniature mobile storage media:Three types of Miniature mobile storage media:Flash memory, memory cards, USB flash Flash memory, memory cards, USB flash drives , and smart cards.drives , and smart cards.

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Storage

Flash memory Cards

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ter 6

Media Name

Storage Capacity

Use

CompactFlash 64 MB to

8 GB

Digital Cameras, PDAS, Smart phone, photo printers, audio

players, notebook computers, Desktop

computer

Smart Media 32MB to

128 MB

Digital Cameras, photo printers, audio

players.


Storage

Flash memory Cards

Chap

ter 6

Media Name

Storage Capacity

Use

Secure Digital 64 MB to 1

GB

Digital Cameras, PDAS, Smart phone, photo

printers, music players, Digital video camera

xD Picture Card

64 MB to 1 GB

Digital Cameras, photo printers.


Storage

Flash memory Cards

Chap

ter 6

Media Name

Storage Capacity

Use

Memory Stick 256 MB to

4 GB

Digital Cameras, PDAS, Smart phone, photo printers, handheld

game consoles, notebook computer


Storage

USB Flash Drives USB Flash Drives

Sometimes called a Sometimes called a pen drivepen drive, is a flash , is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB memory storage device that plugs in a USB port on a computer or mobile device.port on a computer or mobile device.

Become the mobile user’s primary storage Become the mobile user’s primary storage device.device.

Current USB flash drive have storage Current USB flash drive have storage capacities up to 4 GB.capacities up to 4 GB.

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Storage

Smart Cards Smart Cards

Which is similar in size to a credit card or ATM Which is similar in size to a credit card or ATM card, stores data on a thin microprocessor card, stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card.embedded in the card.

Smart cards contain a processor and have input , Smart cards contain a processor and have input , process, output , and storage capabilities.process, output , and storage capabilities.

Uses of smart cards include storing medical Uses of smart cards include storing medical records, vaccination data, and other health-care records, vaccination data, and other health-care or identification information; tracking information or identification information; tracking information such as customer purchases or employee such as customer purchases or employee attendanceattendance

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Storage

Microfilm and Microfiche Microfilm and Microfiche

Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic images of documents on roll or sheet images of documents on roll or sheet film.film.

MicrofilmMicrofilm is a 100-to 215- foot roll of film. is a 100-to 215- foot roll of film.

MicroficheMicrofiche is a small sheet of film , usually is a small sheet of film , usually about 4X6 inches.about 4X6 inches.

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Storage


MicroficheMicrofiche is a small sheet of film , is a small sheet of film , usually about 4X6 inches.usually about 4X6 inches.

A computer output A computer output microfilm recordermicrofilm recorder is the device that records the images on is the device that records the images on the film. You can read them only with the film. You can read them only with microfilm or microfiche readermicrofilm or microfiche reader

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Storage


Libraries use these media to store back Libraries use these media to store back issues of newspapers, magazines and issues of newspapers, magazines and genealogy record.genealogy record.

Some large organization use microfilm Some large organization use microfilm and microfiche to archive inactive files.and microfiche to archive inactive files.

Some banks use them to store Some banks use them to store transactions and canceled checks.transactions and canceled checks.

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Storage


The advantages of using it :The advantages of using it :

1.1. They greatly reduce the amount of They greatly reduce the amount of paper firms must handle.paper firms must handle.

2.2. They are inexpensive and have the They are inexpensive and have the longest life of any storage media.longest life of any storage media.

Chap

ter 6

Copyright©2008 N.AlJaffan®KSU1 Storage Chapter 6 Objectives.

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Transcript of Copyright©2008 N.AlJaffan®KSU1 Storage Chapter 6 Objectives.