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Transcript of Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning Chapter 5 Unit, Percentage, Milliequivalent, Ratio, and Household...
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Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning®
Chapter 5
Unit, Percentage, Milliequivalent, Ratio, and Household Measures
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Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning®Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning®
International Units
• Measure drug’s action.– Not weight
• The word “units” is not abbreviated.• Previously accepted abbreviation (U) is now
on Joint Commission “Do Not Use” list.
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Warm Up
• P. 46, Problems 5.1
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International Units (cont’d)
• Written using Arabic numbers followed by space and word “unit”.
• Commas not used unless at least five digits.• For example, 6 units, 1000 units, 250,000
units.
(continues)
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International Units (cont’d)
• Common medications are expressed in units.– For example, insulin and heparin
5-5
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Percentage Measurements
• Indicate parts per hundred• Greater the percentage, stronger the solution
(continues)
5-6
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Percentage Measurements (cont’d)
• Used primarily in intravenous (IV) solutions• Also used in topical, ophthalmic, and optic
solutions– For skin, eyes, and ears
(continues)
5-7
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Percentage Measurements (cont’d)
• In solutions, represent number of grams of drug per 100 milliliters of solution.– For example, 100 mL of 5% solution contains 5 g of drug.– For example, 100 mL of a 2.5% solution contains 2.5 g of
drug.
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Percentage Measurements (cont’d)
• Dextrose and sodium chloride– Most common percentage dosages– Dextrose dosages written as whole number
• For example, 5% dextrose in water (D5W)
– Sodium chloride dosages written as decimal fraction• For example, 0.45% sodium chloride
5-9
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Milliequivalent (mEq) Measurements
• Expression of number of grams of drug in 1 mL of normal solution
5-10
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mEq Dosages
• Written using Arabic numbers followed by space and abbreviation mEq
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mEq Dosages (cont’d)
• Used in variety of oral and IV solutions– For example, potassium chloride most commonly used
• 20 milliequivalents written as 20 mEq KCl
5-12
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• Now do p. 48 Problems 5.2
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Ratio Measures
• Strengths primarily used to describe solutions.
• Written using Arabic numbers followed by space, colon, space, and another Arabic number.
• Solution of 1:100 contains one part drug to 100 parts solution.
(continues)
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Ratio Measures (cont’d)
• Represent parts of drug per parts of solution.• A solution that is 1 part drug in 2 parts solution
would be written 1:2.• The less solution a drug is dissolved in, the stronger the solution.
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Ratio Measures (cont’d)
• Ratio strengths are always expressed in their simplest terms.– For example, 2:10 would be incorrect.• It must be expressed as 1:5.
5-16
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• Now do p. 48 Problems 5.3
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Household Measures
• One of the oldest drug measurement systems• Volume measurements include ounce,
tablespoon, teaspoon, and drop
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Household Measures (cont’d)
• Drop is integral part of small volume medication preparation– Including those for eye, ear, and nose
• Drop used almost exclusively with medications with attached dropper
5-19
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Household/Metric Equivalents
Household Abbreviation Metric1 Ounce oz 30 mL
1 Tablespoon tbsp 15 mL1 Teaspoon tsp 5 mL
1 Drop gtt 1 mL
5-20
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Apothecary Measures
• Basically obsolete• Only measure still seen is grain (gr)
– Seldom used– Equivalent to 60 mg in metric system
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Are you ready?
• Take the Summary Self Test p. 50• Take the on line chapter quiz. • How’d you do?
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