Copyright © 2014 Professional Pavement Products, Inc. All rights reserved.

General Info 90 minutes with Q&A

All lines on mute

Ask questions using the question box on the Go To Meeting panel (Blue Flower icon in taskbar)

Several Polls during webinar

Please provide feedback in the survey at end of webinar


Today’s Audience Makeup

71.7%

14.5%

6.4%

7.4%

Transportation Agency Of-ficialsMarking ContractorsMaintenance ContractorsOther

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pppcatalog.com/sm2touch

Speaker Introduction:

Greg DriskellPresident / Founder of…

Professional Pavement Products, Inc SaferRoads, LLC Progress Management Group, Inc

ExperienceOver 24 years in Pavement Maintenance and Marking Industry First as Contractor, then as a Supplier Product and specification development Active Industry Association Participation

ATSSA – American Traffic Safety Services Association ATSSF - The Foundation (ATSSA)

APWA ITE – Institute of Transportation Engineers TRB – Transportation Research Board ARTBA – American Road and Transportation Builders

Association Speaker and Author

Trade Publications, Online Forums and Newsletters Teaches Industry Courses and conducts related Webinars Conducts Educational Workshops


Presentation Objectives R.E.A.L. Training

R – Relevant E – Effective A – Accurate L – Logical

Promote Quality Practices Improve Safety Maintain Product Integrity Maintain Industry Integrity


102-Thermo Agenda

• Thermoplastic– Mater ia ls – Appl icat ion– Inspect ion

• Retrorefl ectivity– Basics– Measurement– Inspect ion

• Why Thermoplastic?

http://tinyurl.com/qj8hl5gCopyright © 2014 Professional Pavement Products, Inc. All rights reserved.

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http://tinyurl.com/qj8hl5g

102-Thermo Agenda

• Thermoplast ic– Mater ia l s – App l i ca t ion– I nspect ion

• Retrorefl ect iv i ty– Bas ics– Measurement– I nspect ion

• Why Thermoplast ic?


Quick audience poll…What best represents your current markings materials mix?

• 100% Thermoplastic• 75% Thermo• 50% Thermo• 25% Thermo• 100% Paint or Other


Material Basics of ThermoplasticGranular or block formHeated to a liquid stateExtrusion, ribbon, or spray systemsMechanical bond and/or heat fusionCools from liquid state to solid stateDurable reflective pavement marking


o White• Titanium Dioxide

o Yellow• Lead or Organic

o Hydrocarbono Alkyd

o Calcium Carbonate o Various Types and Sizes

Pigment•Color•Opacity

Resin•Adhesive•Cohesive

Filler•Adds Body

Glass Beads•Retroreflectivity

Four Primary Components

There is no Liquid in Thermo – 100% Solids! Liquidity comes from the heat


A Closer Look at ResinsALKYD

Made from wood-derived resins, a renewable natural resource

Higher resistance to cracking* Ability to be applied directly

following paving operations Impervious to petroleum

Best for intersections More durable

HYDROCARBONMade from petroleum

derived resins

Best used in long-line applications vs. detail work

Slightly less heat stable Less sensitive to changes in

application properties Cost effected by oil prices


Material Packaging

Supplied in Granular or Block Form

50 Pound PackagesPalletized by the Ton1 Year Shelf Life


Compatibility of Materials When RestripingNEW→ Waterborne

Paint Solvent Paint Epoxy MMA Thermoplastic↓OLD

Waterborne Paint

Solvent Paint Epoxy MMA

Thermoplastic


102-Thermo Agenda





Application Process• Material placed in a

melting kettle

• Liquefied when heated to 400-440⁰ F

• Kettle agitator blends ingredients

• Transferred to a screed, ribbon or spray device

• Shaped into specified width and thickness


BondingAsphaltic Cement

Mechanical bond in poresThermal bond via heat fusion

Hydraulic Concrete Cement (HCC)Mechanical bond in poresHCC or Oxidized Asphaltic CementUse of primers are recommended

to aid in bonding


Common EquipmentMelt and blend materials; holds bulk of material until ready to apply

Melting Kettles w/ Agitation

Apply primer to pavement prior to application when applicable

Priming Equipment

Use for detail work by hand e.g. legends, transverse lines, and decel and acceleration lane lines

Handliner

Pressurized gun or drop device evenly applies beads onto material surface to provide retroreflectivity

Glass Beads Dispenser


Equipment / Methods

ExtrusionApplication

RibbonApplication

SprayApplication


Equipment / Methods

Material dispensed into Screed/Die “shoe” Screed opened and pushed across pavement Continuous contact Material flows out forming a line Die controls width and thickness No pressure is used


RibbonApplication

SprayApplication


Equipment / Methods

Material dispensed into heated pressurized gun Gun is Suspended above surface Material is forced out through opening Specific thickness and width Creates a ribbon Laid across pavement and bonds


RibbonApplication

SprayApplication


Equipment / Methods

• Material dispensed into high pressure gun• Gun is suspended above surface• Atomized material is forced out• Sprayed material bond to pavement• Builds up to form a line• Width is controlled by gun opening


RibbonApplication

SprayApplication


Equipment / Methods Comparison


RibbonApplication

SprayApplication

Advantages:• Line thickness & width

control• Thicker markings• Hand operation• Detail work• No pressurization • Above surface thickness

Disadvantages: • Slowest application• Uneven surfaces

Advantages:• Faster application• Line thickness & width

control on smooth surfaces• Uneven surfaces

Disadvantages: • Pressurized material

dangers• Above surface thickness• Truck or trailer mounted • Effected by ambient & wind

temps

Advantages:• Fastest application• Better bonding

Disadvantages: • Pressurized material

dangers• Truck or trailer mounted • Effected by ambient & wind

temps• Thickness limitations


Quick audience poll…

Which application method do you currently use the most?

• Extrusion• Ribbon• Spray• Not currently using Thermo• Don’t know


Surface Preparation

Ensure surface is free of dirt, dust and other contaminants.Remove poorly adhered existing markings or curing compound.

Verify Pavement is Free of Moisture – Rain Forecast, Sprinklers Timer, Moisture Check, etc. Check that Ambient and Surface Temps are at 50⁰ & rising.

Spray Primer on Surface (as needed)


Thermo ApplicationApply primer if applicablePreheat material to 400⁰ - 440⁰ F Apply material to thickness and width

specifiedImmediately apply glass beads at the

appropriate rateProtect the line until solidified


Preformed Thermoplastic

• Low start-up costs• Color change• Low skill requirement• Less ambient

temperature constraints

• Fast single application

• Danger working with direct fire

• High labor factor• Material temperature

sensitivity• Higher material costs

PROs

ConsCopyright © 2014 Professional Pavement Products, Inc. All rights reserved.

Thermo Do(s) & Don’t(s) DO NOT apply on shoulder or travel lane joints

DO ensure proper formulation is used

DO NOT mix Alkyd and Hydrocarbon thermoplastic in application equipment

DO ensure pavement is clean, dust free and dry

DO ensure poorly adhering existing markings or curing compounds are removed (LNX8)

DO ensure surface temps are 50⁰ F and rising

DO ensure air temperature is 50⁰ F and rising

DO ensure usage of a primer that is approved by the thermoplastic manufacturer


Thermo Do(s) & Don’t(s) DO ensure that glass beads are properly applied immediately after

thermoplastic Beads should anchor at 55-60% embedment

DO NOT hold material above 450⁰ for more than 4 hours Total heating time should not exceed 6 hours

DO NOT exceed 150 mil thickness in one application

DO use cold or iced water to treat skin in contact with hot thermoplastic

DO NOT attempt to remove thermoplastic from skin (seek medical attention)


102-Thermo Agenda





Quick audience poll

For Government Agency Attendees…What is your current mix of in-house vs. contractor outsourced thermo markings work?

• 100% In-house Application• 75% In-house• 50% In-house• 25% In-house• 100% Contractor


Thermo Inspection Components


Troubleshooting Thermo…

Proper Application

Applied StraightHas sharp edgeCorrect Color, Width, Thickness, Bonding

No Adhesion, Bulges at Start

1. Material temperature too low2. Road too gritty3. Marking speed too fast4. Road too cold

Bubbles in Line

1. Moisture or solvent trapped in line2. Material is overheated

Roughened, Pitted Line

1. Foreign objects in line2. Foreign objects caught in die3. Overheating forms crust



Proper Application

Applied StraightHas sharp edgeCorrect Color, Width, Thickness, Bonding

Crumbly Edges; Line Gaps

1. Material too cool2. Material Too thin3. Application Speed too fast

Line Swollen; Skewed, Rounded Start

1. Material too hot

Wavy Line

1. Strong road surface camber2. Surface undulations3. Poor operator direction



Line Cracks

1. Pavement is cracked (doesn’t affect durability)2. Too cold3. Temperature stress from overheating4. Too thin

Crumbly Edges; Rough Surface

1. Material temperature too low2. Moisture in Road3. Overheated or scorched material

Jagged Endings, Drops within Gaps

1. Die not closing properly2. Foreign objects caught in die

Side Shadows

1. Heavily undulated surface2. Die not riding evenly on substrate


Troubleshooting Thermo…Spray Application

Proper Application Excessive Overspray

1. Too much atomizing pressure2. Air leaking thru blow-back spray line

Hesitation at Start

1. Moisture or air in spray line2. Material too hot3. Material too cold

Lumps in Line

1. Material is to cool – comes out in globs


102-Thermo Agenda





Types of reflectivity


Retro-what!?!?!?!

RETROREFLECTIVITY• Ability of an object (ex. Stop sign) to

redirect light back to its source (ex. A car’s headlights)

Why is Retroreflectivity Important? DAYTIME

• Many cues available• Driver task relatively easy

NIGHTTIME• Few cues visible• Task more difficult• Retroreflectivity is

NECESSARY!!

Retroreflectivity provides nighttime guidanceCopyright © 2014 Professional Pavement Products, Inc. All rights reserved.

What Sources Provide Retroreflectivity?

Light on microprismatic surfaces reflects on 3 mirrored surfaces

Light on embedded glass beads bends, reflects, and then bends again

Microprismatic Sheeting, RRPMs


Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity

Bead @ 60% Embedment

Binding Material

Pavement Surface

A

C

E A. Light comes from source

B. Light bends (refracts) at point of entry of glass bead

C. Light reflects off back of glass bead taking the binding material’s color with it

D. Light bends (refracts ) again at point of exit of glass bead

E. Light returns to original source

B

D


How is Retrorefl ecti vity Measured?

Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance: RL in (mcd/m2 * lx)

*Source – FDOT Pavement Marking Selection Presentation

Pop Quiz: Retrorefl ective Devices on Our Roadways

• Sign Sheeting– Prisms– Glass Beads




• Raised Markers – Prisms





• Safety Equipment– Prisms– Glass Beads





• Safety Equipment– Prisms– Glass Beads

• Pavement Markings– Glass Beads


102-Thermo Agenda





Pavement Mark ings Re t ro refl ec t i v i t y…

30 meter geometry

Simply Stated: Amount of light sent out 30 meters compared to the amount of light sent back!


Measuring Retroreflectivity Candela

Light of a candle from 1 ft away

Millicandela (mcd) 1,000th of a Candella

Measured by - Light Sent : Light Returned 100:50 = 50:25 Various lights sources used in Retroreflectometers:

Incandescent Halogen Xenon

Note “250 mcd” is incorrect Technically means that it illuminates independently 250 mcd / m2 / lux


RoadVista 922RoadVista

StripeMaster 2 Touch

RoadVista LaserLux RoadVista 940D

Handheld for Signs

Portable for

Pavement Markings

Mobile for Pavement Markings

Lab Photometri

c Goniomete

r

Types of Retroreflectivity Equipment


102-Thermo Agenda





Troubleshooting Bead Disbursement …

Properly Dispersed

Heavy Side

Heavy Center

Light Center

Unevenly Dispersed

Causes:• Defective bead

dispenser• Low bead gun

pressure• Insufficient

amount of beads in applicator

• Hand applied


Troubleshooting Bead Embedment…Proper Embedment (55-60%)

Material too cold

Not Deep Enough

Material too hot

Too Deep

Too many beads

Excessive Dispersement

10%.................. 20%.................... 30%...................40%.................... 50%....................60%................ 70%................. 80%................... 90%


102-Thermo Agenda





Why Thermoplastic?

Specifications

Safety

Service Life


Specifications

Federal• Minimum retroreflectivity

standards

State• State road entry stop bars

and lane lines

Local• Fire Lanes


Safety• Specialty or High Emphasis

Markings– Crosswalks*– Disabled Parking– Fire Lanes– Directional Arrows*– Exit-Stop Bars*

* Markings in wheel paths wear quickly and become hazardous

4,000

59,000

P E D E S T R I A N S V S AU TO S

d e a t h s p e r ye a r

i n j u r i e s p e r ye a r

Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Assoc. (NHTSA)2009 Traffic Safety Facts


Years of Service Life

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Thermo 90 milsThermo 30 MilsHigh Build PaintPaint

Paint Life Cycle Cost: Initial Cost - $900/ mile Expected Life – 1 Year Annualized Cost - $900/ Year Average Retroreflectivity –

White – 261 mcd Yellow – 206 mcd

Thermoplastic Life Cycle Cost: Initial Cost - $4000/ Mile Expected Life – 8 Years Annualized Cost - $500/ Year Average Retroreflectivity

White – 374 mcd Yellow – 434 mcd

*Info derived from FDOT Pavement Marking Presentation*Not for roadwaysCopyright © 2014 Professional Pavement Products, Inc. All rights reserved.

Profitability

Paint High Build Paint Extruded Thermo @ 30 mils

Extruded Thermo @ 90 mils

Preformed Thermo

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Startup Cost

Labor

Material Cost

Durability

Marking Methods

Com

pari

son

Fact

or (Z

oom

ed In

)

45+


Considerati ons Increased danger

Extreme temperatures Propane fuel

Economic conditions Larger contractors taking smaller projects for less money

Start-up cost Over 2x that of paint

Labor factor Nearly 3x that of paint

Material cost Between 2.7 and 7.3 times that of paint


Thermoplastic Related Equipment

Stripemaster 2 Touch

LNX8 Eraser Deluxe Pavement Grinder

Beadliner dispenser by “Sandliner”

Weissker Beads


Helpful Online Infopppcatalog.com/knowledge-center/

WebinarsCalculatorsHelpful Links


http://www.pppcatalog.com/knowledge-center/

http://dafscale.com/

ThermoplasticGuide

Complimentary Thermoplastic Guide download packed with:• Tips and tricks• How To’s• And much more!• pppcatalog.com/thermo-guide


Course Certification

pppcatalog.com/marking102

Copyright © 2014 Professional Pavement Products, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Transcript of Copyright © 2014 Professional Pavement Products, Inc. All rights reserved.