World History Chapter 9 The Americas. Section one The early Civilization of the Americas.
Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning ONE REPUBLIC— TWO AMERICAS? Chapter One.
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Transcript of Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning ONE REPUBLIC— TWO AMERICAS? Chapter One.
Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning
ONE REPUBLIC—TWO AMERICAS?
Chapter One
Copyright © 2014 Cengage LearningCopyright © 2014 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcomes
1. Define the institution of government and the process of politics.
2. Identify the political philosophers associated with the “social contract” and explain how this theory shapes our understanding of the purpose of government and the role for individuals and communities in the U.S.
3. Describe the U.S. political culture, and identify the set of ideas, values, and ways of thinking about government and politics shared by all.
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Learning Outcomes
4. Compare and contrast types of government systems, and identify the source of power in each.
5. Define political ideology, and locate socialism, liberalism, conservatism, and libertarianism along the ideological spectrum.
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Politics and Government
Politics: process of resolving conflicts and deciding who gets what, when and how Selection of decision-makers Structure of institutions Creation of public policy
Government: formal institutions which allocate resources and resolve conflicts
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Politics and Government5
Why is government necessary? Provide security Protect liberty and rights Maintain authority/legitimacy
“A government big enough to give you everything you want is a government big enough to take from you everything you have.”
President Gerald Ford
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Politics and Government
Fundamental values Political culture (ideas, values, ways of thinking)
Shared by all Americans? Result of political socialization Liberty Order and rule of law Individualism Equality Property
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Confidence in Institutions
Declines
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Why Choose Democracy?
Governments vary in structure and how they govern Totalitarian Authoritarianism Aristocracy Oligarchy Democracy
Political authority comes from citizens Anarchy
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Why Choose Democracy?
Direct democracy as a model Political decisions made by the people directly,
not elected representatives Attained most easily in small communities Initiative/referendum/recall Founders had reservations
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Why Choose Democracy?
A democratic republic Framers crafted a republic
Experimental Power (votes) resides with the people Representatives make policy and law Representative democracy
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Why Choose Democracy?
Principles of democratic government Universal suffrage Majority rule and minority rights Free elections Limited government
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Who Really Rules in America?
Majoritarianism: government ought to do what majority desire
Elitism: society ruled by small group wishing to further self-interests
Pluralism: conflict among interest groups Bargaining Compromise
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Political Ideologies
Political ideology is closely linked set of beliefs about politics Share societal goals and plan for achieving them American politics focuses on conservatism and
liberalism
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Political Ideologies
The traditional political spectrum Compares ideologies on continuum based on:
Government influence over economy Goals of government activity Far left = socialism Far right = libertarianism Middle = liberal and conservative
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The Traditional Political Spectrum15
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Political Ideologies
Conservatism Favor limited government economic involvement Often favor government involvement in social
issues to preserve traditional values
Liberalism Favor government regulation of economy to
benefit society Tolerance for social change Support for civil rights
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Political Ideologies
Socialism Strong support for economic and social equality Income redistribution
Libertarianism Skepticism toward government Laissez-faire capitalism Oppose regulation of personal behavior
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Political Ideologies
Liberal once meant limited government and no religion in politics Classical liberals Evolved into modern American meaning along
with political evolution of Democratic Party Meaning of liberal has not changed outside the
U.S. and Canada
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Political Ideologies
Conservatives traditionally supported maintaining traditions and opposing change
Today: Economic conservatives Social conservatives Not necessarily politically united
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Political Ideologies
Libertarians: extreme positions of both conservatives and liberals Limited government
power over economy Complete freedom in
social matters
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The Challenge of Change
Demographic change in a democratic republic Aging of citizens Increased diversity Decline in economic
dominance Globalization Technology Environmental change
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Distribution of U.S. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1980-2075
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The Challenge of Change
Ethnic change Latino voters tend to vote Democratic Multiracial, multiethnic group interests End of white dominance in political leadership?
Globalization Employment patterns Product quality/safety standards No single national economic dominance
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The Challenge of Change
The technology revolution Affects communication, work and education Eliminates boundaries More people can compete, connect, collaborate
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Social Networking Usage25
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The Challenge of Change
Environmental change Political, technological and global challenges Global warming (more natural disasters, drought,
starvation)
What do changes mean for you? Can our government recognize and meet
challenges in time? Can we continue to embrace a single political
culture?
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