Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 2 Methods for Describing Sets...

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Chapter 2

Methods for Describing Sets of

Data


2.1

Describing Qualitative Data

2 - 3 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition


Definition


Table 2.1


Definition


Figure 2.1 SPSS summary table for types of aphasia


Figure 2.2 SAS bar graph for type of aphasia


Figure 2.3 MINITAB pie chart for type of aphasia


Figure 2.4 SPSS Pareto diagram for type of aphasia


Definition


Figure 2.5 SAS summary tables for DRUG and COMP


Figure 2.6 MINITAB side-by-side bar graphs for COMP by value of DRUG


Figure 2.7 SPSS summary tables for COMP by value of drug


Figure SIA2.1a MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks


Figure SIA2.1b MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks


Figure SIA2.1c MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks


Figure SIA2.2 MINITAB side-by-side pie charts for Dissatisfied with Looks by Gender


Figure SIA2.3 MINITAB side-by-side Pie charts for Dissatisfied with Looks by Comorbid Disorder


2.2

Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data


Table 2.2


Figure 2.8 MINITAB dot plot for 100 EPA mileage ratings


Figure 2.9 MINITAB stem-and-leaf display for 100 mileage ratings


Figure 2.10 SPSS histogram for 100 EPA gas mileage ratings


Table 2.3


Figure 2.11 The effect of the size of a data set on the outline of a histogram


Procedure


Table 2.4


Figure 2.12 SPSS histogram for task deviations


Figure 2.13 MINITAB stem-and-leaf display for task deviations


Definition


Figure SIA2.4 MINITAB side-by-side histograms for Appearance Evaluation by Gender


2.3

Summation Notation


2.4

Numerical Measures of Central Tendency


Figure 2.14 Numerical descriptive measures


Definition


Formula


Figure 2.15 SAS numerical descriptive measures for 100 EPA gas mileages


Definition


Figure 2.16 Location of the Median


Procedure


Definition


Procedure


Definition


Figure 2.17 MINITAB descriptive statistics for earthquake data


Figure 2.18a MINITAB Histogram for Magnitudes of Aftershocks


Figure 2.18b MINITAB Histogram for Inter-Arrival Times of Aftershocks


2.5

Numerical Measures of Variability


Figure 2.19 Response time histograms for two drugs


Definition


Table 2.5


Figure 2.20 Dot plots for deviations in Table 2.5


Definition


Formula


Definition


Figure 2.21 Reproduction of SAS numerical descriptive measures for 100 EPA mileages


Interpreting the Standard Deviation

2.6


Table 2.6


Table 2.7


Table 2.8


Figure 2.22 MINITAB descriptive statistics for rat maze times


Figure 2.23 MINITAB histogram of rat maze times


Figure 2.24 The relation between the range and the standard deviation


Figure 2.25 Battery life-length distribution: manufacturer’s claim assumed true


Figure SIA2.5 MINITAB descriptive statistics for appearance evaluation by gender


Numerical Measures of Relative Standing

2.7


Figure 2.26 Location of 90th percentile for test grades


Definition


Figure 2.27 SPSS percentile statistics for water-level task deviations


Figure 2.28 The quartile for a data set


Definition


Formula


Figure 2.29 Verbal SAT scores of high school seniors


Definition


Figure 2.30 Population z-scores for a mound–shaped distribution


Methods for Detecting Outliers: Box plots and z-Scores

2.8


Definition


Figure 2.31 Annotated MINITAB box plot for EPA gas mileages


Definition


Figure 2.32 MINITAB box plot for water-level task deviations


Table 2.9


Figure 2.33 SAS box plots for reaction-time data


Figure 2.34 Male salary distribution


Procedure


Figure SIA2.6 MINITAB box plots for Appearance Evaluation score by Gender


Graphing Bivariate Relationships (Optional)

2.9


Figure 2.35 Scatterplot of cost vs. floor area


Figure 2.36 Hypothetical bivariate relationship


Table 2.10


Figure 2.37 SPSS scatterplot for medical factors data in Table 2.10


Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Statistics

2.10


Table 2.11


Figure 2.38 MINITAB bar graph of vessel collisions by location


Figure 2.39 SPSS bar graph of vessel collisions by location, with adjusted vertical axis


Figure 2.40 Relative frequency of fatal motor vehicle accidents on each of four major highways


Figure 2.41 Mileage distributions for two car models

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 2 Methods for Describing Sets...

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