Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter 1: American Federalism ...

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Chapter 1: American Federalism

Defining Federalism Constitutional Structure

of American Federalism National Courts and

Federalism National Budget as a

Tool of Federalism Politics of Federalism

Defining FederalismLO 1.1 Interpret the definitions of federalism, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of the American system of federalism.

Federalism—text covers 6 types, but only 3 are really important (*)

• Dual*—limits national power• Cooperative*—more national power• Marble cake—mixed responsibilities• Competitive—all levels compete• Permissive—national dominance• New*--devolution to more state control

LO 1.1

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Defining Federalism

Alternatives to Federalism• Unitary system• Confederation

LO 1.1

Back to learning objectives


Defining Federalism

Why Federalism? a compromiseAdvantages•Checks the growth of tyranny•Allows unity without conformity•Encourages experimentation•Provides training and develops leaders•Keeps government closer to the people

Disadvantages•Difficult to respond quickly to national problems•Difficult to hold elected officials accountable•Lack of uniformity leads to conflict•Variation in policies creates redundancies and inefficiencies

LO 1.1


LO 1.1


The Constitutional Structure of American FederalismLO 1.2 Differentiate the powers the Constitution provides to national and state governments.

• Powers of national government are delegated to it. (Article I, Section 8)

• National government is supreme.(Art. 6)• State governments have reserved powers.

(Amendment 10)• Both levels of government are denied some

powers. (Article I, Sections 9 and 10)

LO 1.2



Powers of the National Government•Delegated or “enumerated”•Implied – “necessary and proper” clause•Inherent—e.g. foreign affairs

The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism

LO 1.2



Other National Powers•The War Power•The Power to Regulate Commerce •The Power to Tax and Spend


LO 1.2



Powers of the State•Reserved—but must not conflict with national laws•Concurrent


LO 1.2



Interstate Relationships•Full Faith and Credit (Article IV, Section 1)•Interstate Privileges and Immunities (Article IV, Section 2)•Extradition (also IV, 2)•Interstate Compacts (Commerce clause in Article I, Section 8)


LO 1.2


LO 1.2


The National Courts and FederalismLO 1.3 Assess the role of the national courts in defining the relationship between the national and state governments and evaluate the positions of decentralists and centralists.

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)• National Courts and the Relationship with the

States—back and forth and back and forth• Continuing battle in courts (e.g., the Health

Care Reform Act and Voter ID laws)

LO 1.3



The Great DebateCentralists•Abraham Lincoln, FDR•Reject the idea that the Constitution is an interstate compact•National government is the government of all the people

Decentralists•Antifederalists, Thomas Jefferson, Ronald Reagan•Constitution is a compact among sovereign states•National government should not interfere with activities of the states•Devolution revolution, states’ rights

The National Courts and FederalismLO 1.3


The National Budget as a Tool of FederalismLO 1.4 Analyze the budget as a tool of federalism, and evaluate its impact on state and local governments.

• Supply state and local governments with revenue

• Establish minimum national standards• Equalize resources among the states• Attack national problems while minimizing

the growth of federal agencies

LO 1.4



Types of Federal Grants•Three types of grants used

Categorical-formula: usually some matching

Project: competitive

Block: often includes cuts

•The Politics of Federal Grants—NCLB (accept or reject or try to change)•Unfunded Mandates: Unfunded Mandates Act of 1995 has limited # passed

The National Budget as a Tool of Federalism

LO 1.4


The Politics of FederalismLO 1.5 Evaluate the current relationship between the national and state governments and the future challenges for federalism.

• Growth of the National Government?• Has happened for many reasons: crises, state

failures, growing interdependence, nationalized economy and communications, citizen and interest group demands

• Future of Federalism? • Can we have less government and meet modern

challenges like terrorism? National disasters? Modernizing infrastructure? Modern education?

LO 1.5



The ___ type of government has power vested in a central authority.

A. Unitary

B. Federal

C. Confederate

LO 1.1



State-only powers are known as ____.

A. Concurrent

B. Reserved

C. Extradition

D. Supremacy

LO 1.2



Who of the following would have been a decentralist?

A. Abraham Lincoln

B. Franklin Delano Roosevelt

C. Ronald Reagan

D. All of the above

LO 1.3



___ are used for very strict controls of what states are doing in a general purpose.

A. Categorical-formula grants

B. Project grants

C. Block grants

D. Unfunded mandates

LO 1.4



What area makes it difficult to move away from central control?

A. Education

B. Homeland security

C. Immigration

D. All of the above

LO 1.5



A. Education

B. Homeland security

C. Immigration

D. All of the above

What area makes it difficult to move away from central control?

LO 1.5


Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter 1: American Federalism ...

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