Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. DO NOW WORK Explain in terms of homeostasis why exercise...

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

DO NOW WORKExplain in terms of homeostasis why exercise results in increased respiration and heart rates.

Are these examples of positive and negative feedback mechanisms?

How do you know?


Thought of the Day:

Q: Why don’t skeletons get in fights?


Thought of the Day:

Q: Why don’t skeletons get in fights?

A: Because they don’t have the guts!


Figure 1.7 Regional terms used to designate specific body areas.

CervicalCervical

Back (dorsal)

(a) Anterior/Ventral (b) Posterior/Dorsal

Pubic (genital)

Cephalic Frontal Orbital Nasal Oral Mental

Thoracic Sternal Axillary Mammary

Scapular

Vertebral

Lumbar

Sacral

Gluteal

Perineal (between anus and external genitalia)

Abdominal Umbilical

Pelvic Inguinal

(groin)

Upper limb Acromial

Brachial (arm) Antecubital Olecranal Antebrachial

(forearm) Carpal (wrist)

Manus (hand) Pollex Metacarpal Palmar Digital

Lower limb Coxal (hip) Femoral (thigh) Patellar Popliteal Crural (leg) Sural (calf) Fibular or peroneal

Pedal (foot) Tarsal (ankle) Calcaneal Metatarsal Digital Plantar Hallux

Cephalic Otic Occipital (back

of head)

ThoraxAbdomenBack (Dorsum)


Figure 1.7a Regional terms used to designate specific body areas.

Cervical

(a) Anterior/Ventral

Pubic(genital)

CephalicFrontalOrbitalNasalOralMental

ThoracicAxillaryMammarySternal

AbdominalUmbilical

PelvicInguinal(groin)

Upper limbAcromialBrachial (arm)AntecubitalAntebrachial (forearm)Carpal (wrist)

Manus (hand)PalmarPollexDigital

Lower limbCoxal (hip)Femoral (thigh)

PatellarCrural (leg)Fibular or peroneal

Pedal (foot)Tarsal (ankle)

MetatarsalDigitalHallux



Figure 1.7b Regional terms used to designate specific body areas.

Cervical Back (dorsal)

(b) Posterior/Dorsal

Scapular Vertebral Lumbar Sacral Gluteal Perineal (between anus and external genitalia)

Upper limb AcromialBrachial (arm)

Olecranal Antebrachial (forearm)Manus (hand) Metacarpal DigitalLower limb Femoral (thigh) Popliteal Sural (calf) Fibular or peroneal

Pedal (foot) Calcaneal Plantar

Cephalic Otic Occipital (back of head)



Figure 1.8 Planes of the body with corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Transverse plane

Median (midsagittal) plane

Frontal plane

Liver

Spleen

Pancreas

Aorta

Vertebralcolumn

Spinal cord

Subcutaneous fat layerBody wall

Rectum IntestinesLeft andright lungs

Liver HeartStomach

SpleenArm

(a) Frontal section (through torso)

(b) Transverse section (through torso, inferior view)

(c) Median section (midsagittal)


Figure 1.8a Planes of the body with corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Frontalplane

Left and right lungs

Liver HeartStomach

SpleenArm

(a) Frontal section (through torso)


Figure 1.8b Planes of the body with corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Transverseplane

Liver

Spleen

PancreasAorta

Spinal cordSubcutaneous fat layer Body wall

(b) Transverse section (through torso, inferior view)


Figure 1.8c Planes of the body with corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Median(midsagittal)plane

Vertebral columnRectum Intestines

(c) Median section (midsagittal)


Figure 1.9 Dorsal and ventral body cavities and their subdivisions.

Cranialcavity(contains brain)

Dorsalbodycavity

Vertebralcavity(contains spinal cord)

Cranialcavity

Superiormediastinum

Pericardialcavity withinthe mediastinum

Pleuralcavity

Vertebralcavity

Abdomino-pelviccavity

Ventral bodycavity(thoracic andabdominopelviccavities)

Abdominal cavity(contains digestiveviscera)

Diaphragm

Pelvic cavity(contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum)

Thoraciccavity(containsheart andlungs)

(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view

Dorsal body cavityVentral body cavity


Figure 1.9a Dorsal and ventral body cavities and their subdivisions.

Cranial cavity(contains brain)

Dorsalbodycavity

Vertebral cavity(contains spinalcord) Abdominal cavity

(contains digestiveviscera)

Diaphragm


Thoracic cavity(contains heart and lungs)

(a) Lateral view



Figure 1.9b Dorsal and ventral body cavities and their subdivisions.

Cranialcavity

Superiormediastinum

Pericardialcavity within the mediastinum

Pleuralcavity

Vertebralcavity

Abdomino-pelviccavity

Ventral bodycavity(thoracic andabdominopelviccavities)

Abdominal cavity(contains digestiveviscera)

Diaphragm


Thoraciccavity(containsheart andlungs)

(b) Anterior view



Figure 1.10 Serous membrane relationships.

Outer balloon wall(comparable to parietal serosa)

Air (comparable to serous cavity)

Inner balloon wall(comparable to visceral serosa)

Heart

Parietalpericardium

Pericardialspace withserous fluid

Visceralpericardium

(a) A fist thrust into a flaccid balloon demonstratesthe relationship between the parietal and visceralserous membrane layers.

(b) The serosae associated with the heart.


Figure 1.11 The four abdominopelvic quadrants.

Right upperquadrant(RUQ)

Right lowerquadrant(RLQ)

Left upperquadrant(LUQ)

Left lowerquadrant(LLQ)


Figure 1.12 The nine abdominopelvic regions.

Epigastricregion

Umbilicalregion

Rightlumbarregion

Leftlumbarregion

Righthypochondriac

region

Lefthypochondriac

region

Hypogastric(pubic)region

Right iliac(inguinal)

region

Left iliac(inguinal)

region

Liver

Gallbladder

Ascending colon oflarge intestine

Small intestine

Appendix

Cecum

Diaphragm

Stomach

Descending colonof large intestine

Transverse colonof large intestine

Initial part ofsigmoid colon

Urinary bladder

(a) Nine regions delineated by four planes (b) Anterior view of the nine regions showing the superficial organs


Figure 1.12a The nine abdominopelvic regions.

Epigastricregion

Umbilicalregion

Rightlumbarregion

Leftlumbarregion

Righthypochondriac

region

Lefthypochondriac

region

Hypogastric(pubic)region

Right iliac(inguinal)

region

Left iliac(inguinal)

region

(a) Nine regions delineated by four planes


Figure 1.12b The nine abdominopelvic regions.

LiverGallbladderAscending colonof large intestine Small intestine

AppendixCecum

Diaphragm Stomach

Descending colonof large intestine

Transverse colonof large intestine

Initial part ofsigmoid colonUrinary bladder

(b) Anterior view of the nine regions showing the superficial organs


Table 1.1 Orientation and Directional Terms (1 of 3)


A Closer Look 1.1a Medical Imaging: Illuminating the Body.

Left

Liver Vertebra(a) A CT scan through the superior abdomen.

Left kidney SpleenPancreas

Right


A Closer Look 1.1b Medical Imaging: Illuminating the Body.

(b) A DSA image of the arteries that supply the heart.

Arterysupplyingheart

Narrowingof the artery


A Closer Look 1.1c Medical Imaging Illuminating the Body

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. DO NOW WORK Explain in terms of homeostasis why exercise...

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