Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 1 Chapter 4 Spatial Data Warehouses.
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Transcript of Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 1 Chapter 4 Spatial Data Warehouses.
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 1
Chapter 4
Spatial Data Warehouses
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 2
Fig. 4.1. Spatial data types
SimpleGeo
ComplexGeo
Surface
Geo
Line
Point
OrientedLine
SurfaceSetLineSet
PointSet
OrientedLineSet
(total,exclusive)
SimpleSurface
SimpleSurfaceSet
c s
(total,exclusive) (partial,exclusive)
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 3
Fig. 4.2. Icons for the various topological relationships
meets
contains/inside
equals
crosses
overlaps/intersects
covers/coveredBy
disjoint
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 4
Fig. 4.3. Examples of the various topological relationships. The two objects in the relationship are drawn in black and in gray, respectively
meets
overlaps
contains/inside
covers/coveredBy
crosses
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 5
Fig. 4.4. A multidimensional schema with spatial elements
Highway segment
Segment numberRoad conditionSpeed limit...
Time
DateEventSeason...
Highway structure
Highway section
Section number...
Highway
Highway name...
Road coating
Coating nameCoating typeCoating durability...
County
County nameCounty populationCounty area ...
Geo location
Highwaymaintenance
Length (S)Common areaNo. carsRepair cost
State
State nameState populationState areaState major activityCapital nameCapital location...
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 6
Fig. 4.5. Examples of levels with spatial characteristics
(a) Spatial level
(b) Spatial level with a spatial
attribute
(c) Conventional level with a spatial
attribute
State
State nameState populationState areaState major activityCapital name...
State
State nameState populationState areaState major activityCapital nameCapital location...
State
State nameState populationState areaState major activityCapital nameCapital location...
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 7
Fig. 4.6. A balanced spatial hierarchy
(a) Schema
(b) Examples of instances
County
County nameCounty populationCounty area...
State
State nameState populationState area...
Store
Store id Store nameStore address ... G
eo
loca
tion
state 1
county 1 county 2
store A store B store C store D
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 8
Fig. 4.7. An unbalanced spatial hierarchy
(a) Schema
(b) Examples of instances
Cell
Cell idSizeDescription...
Segment
Segment nameSizeResponsible ...
Little cell
Little cell idAccessibilityTypeSize ... F
ore
st s
truc
ture Region
Region idRegion nameDescription...
region X
segment 1 segment 3
cell 11 cell 12 cell 31 cell 32
little cell 111 little cell 121
segment 2
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 9
Fig. 4.8. A generalized spatial hierarchy
(a) Schema
(b) Examples of instances
Roa
d m
aint
ena
nce
Road segment
NumberSpeed limitCondition...
x
District
District nameResponsible...
Company
Company nameAddress...
City
City nameCity population...
State
State nameState population...
x
district 1
road segment C
district 2
company 1city Y city X
state A
company 2
road segment A
road segment B
road segment D
...
... ...
......
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 10
Fig. 4.9. A balanced nonstrict spatial hierarchy
(a) Schema
(b) Examples of instances
Geo
loca
tion City
City nameCity population...
State
State nameState population...
Lake
Lake nameAcid levelCarbon dioxide...
lake Y
state A
city 1 city 3
lake X
city 2
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 11
Fig. 4.10. A set of alternative spatial hierarchies formed by two nonstrict balanced hierarchies
Tribal block group
Number...
Tribal census track
Number...
Nation
Nation name...
County
County name...
State
State name...
AIA
NA
/HH
L ce
nsus
Tribal census subdivision
Number...
American Indian Reservation
Name...
Census block
Number...
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 12
Fig. 4.11. A set of parallel independent spatial hierarchies associated with one dimension
City
City name...
State
State name...
Store
Store id Store nameStore address ...
Geo
lo
catio
nO
rgan
iz.
stru
ctur
e
Region
Region name...
Sales group district
District name...
Sales group region
Region name...
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 13
Fig. 4.12. A set of parallel dependent spatial hierarchies
Area name...
Res
ide
nce
Client
Client idFirst nameSecond nameMiddle nameAddress...
State
State nameState populationState area...
City
City name...
Municipality
Name...
Hospitalization area
Re
side
nce
Area name...
Hospitalization region
Hospitalization
Ho
spita
lizat
ion
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 14
Fig. 4.13. Classification of topological relationships for the purpose of aggregation procedures
Boundary
disjoint
coveredByinside
meets crosses for curves
equals
Interior Boundary
ConnectedEqualContainment
Related
Topological relationship
Disjoint
Interior
crossesoverlaps
Forbidden
Safe aggregation Special aggregation procedure
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 15
Fig. 4.14. Schema for analysis of transportation services in a city
Tramway line
Tramway line No...
Publictransportation
Common areaNo. common stops
Metro line
Metro line No...
Time
Year...
Bus line
Bus line No...
District
District name...
s
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 16
Fig. 4.15. A fact relationship with a spatial measure
Amount paidLocation
Insurance category
Category name...
Insurance
Insurance number Validity period...
Insurance type
Accidents
Age group
Group nameMin. valueMax. value...
Age category
Client
Client idFirst nameLast nameBirth dateProfessionSalary rangeAddress...
Time
Date...
Year
Year...
Month
Month name...
Quarter
Quarter number...
Calendar
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 17
Fig. 4.16. A variant of the schema of Fig. 4.15
Amount paid
Insurance category
Category name...
Insurance
Insurance number Validity period...
Insurance type
Accidents
Age group
Group nameMin. valueMax. value...
Age category
Client
Client idFirst nameLast nameBirth dateProfessionSalary rangeAddress...
Time
Date...
Year
Year...
Month
Month name...
Quarter
Quarter number...
Calendar
City
City nameCity populationCity area...
State
State nameState populationState area...
Address
Location idStreet name Number ...
Acc
iden
tlo
catio
n
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 18
Fig. 4.17. A schema for analyzing the closeness of cities to highways
Highwaysegment
Segment numberRoad conditionSpeed limit...
Time
DateEventSeason...
Highwaysection
Section number...
Highway
Highway name...
City
City nameCity populationCity area ...
State
State nameState populationState areaState major activityCapital...
Highway structure Geo location
Closeness
Min. distance (S)
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 19
Fig. 4.18. Metamodel of the spatially extended MultiDim model
/Name: string/Spatial: Boolean
Dimension
Criterion: string/Spatial: Boolean
Hierarchy
1..*
DimHierAgg1
HierLevAgg1..*
2..*
1..*
Name: stringGeometry: SDType
Level
1..*0..*
child parent
1
0..*
Additivity: AddType
Measure
LevAttrAgg
KeyAttrAgg
1
1..*
Name: stringTopo: TopoRel
Fact relationship
1
0..*2..*
1..*MeasAgg
Generalization
AggregationCompositionAssociation
Derived attribute/
Identified0..*
Key
MinChildCard: intMaxChildCard: intMinParentCard: intMaxParentCard: intDistrFactor: BooleanTopo: TopoRel
Connects
RoleName: string
Related
Name: stringType: DataTypeDerived: Boolean
Attribute1
1
« enumeration »DataType
integerrealstringSDType...
« enumeration »SDType
PointLineSurface...
« enumeration »TopoRel
meetsoverlapscontains...
« enumeration »AddType
additivesemiadditivenonadditive
xor
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 20
Fig. 4.19. Object-relational representation of a spatial level
(a) Examples of members (b) Geometry of a member with an island
State
Population ...
134543
76547
187111
...
...
...
GeometryNameSid
San José
Cartago
Heredia3
2
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 21
Fig. 4.20. A relationship between nonspatial and spatial levels
County
County nameCounty populationCounty area...
State
State nameState populationState areaState major activityCapital name...
Ge
o lo
catio
n
Copyright © 2008 Elzbieta Malinowski & Esteban Zimányi 22
Fig. 4.21. A topological relationship between two spatial levels
County
County nameCounty populationCounty area...
State
State nameState populationState areaState major activityCapital name...
Ge
o lo
catio
n