Copyright 2008 Dr. PC. Share data among computers Photos, Music, Video, Applications Share one or...
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Transcript of Copyright 2008 Dr. PC. Share data among computers Photos, Music, Video, Applications Share one or...
Home Networking John F. Samuels
“Dr. PC”
Copyright 2008 Dr. PC
Why?
Share data among computers Photos, Music, Video, Applications
Share one or more printers
Share an Internet connection
Work from your bed or garden
Tonight’s Agenda
•Networking Basics, Internet•Software, TCP/IP•Hardware, Wireless•Setting up a Network•Security, Printers, Tools•Troubleshooting
Network Basics Client-Server Networks
Users logon to server Security on server Data and programs on server
Peer-to-Peer Networks No “master” computer Can share all devices and files
Network Basics
Two types of physical connections for Local Area Network (LAN)
Wired – “Ethernet”
Wireless – “WiFi”
Network Basics
Peer-to-Peer Connection
Wired or WirelessFor wired connection requires
crossover type cable or hub for more than two computers
Network Basics
Wired Networks
“Ethernet” or “Twisted Pair” or nnbaseT Cabling – CAT(egory) 3,5,6
▪ 10 / 100 / 1000 mbps Up to 325 feet RJ-45 8 pin connectors Purchase or build your own
Network Basics Wired Peer-to-Peer Connection
Hub
Internet Connections
Dial-Up (AOL, PeoplePC, etc.) 50 kbps
DSL (BellSouth, others) 250-750 kbps
Cable / Satellite (Comcast, DirecTV) 750 kbps – 20 mbps
Internet Connections DSL Connections
Tel Line Filter Telephone
Filter Telephone
Modem CAT 5
Computer
ComputerUSB
Internet Connections
DSL with a WiFi ConnectionTel Line Filter Telephon
e
Filter Telephone
Modem, Router
Computer
ComputerCAT 5 or USB
Internet Connections
Cable Company Connections
Cable Cable Modem Router / HubCAT 5
Computer
Computer
USB or CAT 5 cable
Radio
Software
TCP/IP Users: Internet Explorer, Foxfire, Mozilla, Opera Outlook, Outlook Express, Eudora Microsoft Windows Update, Norton,
Panda, McAfee Itunes, Rhapsody LapLink, VNC, PCAnyWhere
TCP/IP - 1 Puts your data (packet) into an envelope,
addresses the envelope, and puts a return sticker on it. If it is too large for one envelope, it breaks it up into more packets and sends it on its way. And does much more.
A TCP Address is NNN.NNN.NNN.NNN where NNN is 0-255
Ex.: 192.168.254.1 or 10.10.1.0 Maximum of 254 addresses in a LAN
TCP/IP - 2
Local or Private TCP Addresses: 192.168.0.0 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 127.0.0.0
DHCP in your computer or router assigns that TCP address dynamically, or you can set it manually.
TCP/IP - 3
Q: How can I connect to the world through an Internet connection if my TCP address is the same as many others?
A: A router will get a single external TCP/IP address from a DHCP server at your Internet Service Provider (ISP) and will route all communications properly between your LAN and your ISP.
TCP/IP - 4
DHCP Server
ISP
Telephone line or cable
MODEM Router
DHCP Com
p 2Comp 1
68.104.32.17
68.104.32.17
192.168.100.1192.168.100.2
Internet
TCP/IP - 5
Domain Name Server (DNS)
DNS
68.87.74.16268.87.68.162
www.ebay.com =66.125.194.100
ISP
Telephone line or cable
MODEM Router
DHCP Com
p 2Comp 1
68.104.32.17
68.104.32.17
192.168.100.1192.168.100.2
Internet
Routers
ISP
Telephone line or cable
MODEM Router
DHCP Com
p 2Comp 1
68.104.32.17
68.104.32.17
192.168.100.1192.168.100.2
Internet
DNS
68.87.74.16268.87.68.162
www.ebay.com =66.125.194.100
Hardware
A Hub has no intelligence – it just connects computers together (layer 1)
A Bridge understands the MAC address and connects multiple LANs (layer 2)
A Switch is like a Bridge but has some intelligence (layer 2)
A Router does all the above and understands the TCP/IP addresses (layer 3)
A Wireless Access Point (WAP) is a radio
MAC
Each communication device in the world is supposed to have an unique MAC address. This is used by TCP/IP to keep track of all of your computer adapters.
A MAC address looks like this:
02-00-54-55-4E-01
Wireless Types
“WiFi”-”Hot Spot”
4 Types (see chart) 6 Radio Channels in
2.4 gHz range Encryption
Type Speed (mbps)
Distance
B 10 75
A 10 100
G 54 125
N 108 150
Belkin Wireless Modems (WAP)
Linksys WRT54G Routers
D-Link Routers
Belkin “N” Router
Setting up a LAN -1
Install modem and hook to telephone line or cable
Install telephone line filters if DSL Install router and Ethernet cable to
modem Install power to modem. Wait for
power-up diagnostics to complete OK Install power to router. Install provided programs/drivers in
computer Install USB or Ethernet cable to
computer
Setting up a LAN - 2
Computer will recognize new hardware and install drivers
Open MS Internet Explorer. The Home Page should be displayed.
Share disk or folders Install network printers or other
devices Set passwords and encryption Update firmware in router
Network & Internet Connections
Set up a wireless network
Network Setup Wizard
Wireless Network Setup
Network Name
Set Up Options
Save to flash drive
Network Connections
Local Area Connection Status
Choose a Wireless Network
Security 1
Once you have a wireless connection… Your neighbor’s teenage son will not only
use your Internet connection to download music, videos and porn, but he will modify the router to open up ports for music sharing and gaming, and he will set a password of his own so that you cannot regain control over the router. In his spare time he will install a keystroke logger in your computer to obtain your passwords, make transfers from your bank account, and steal your identity.
Security 2
To prevent this all you have to do is:
1. Logon to your router and assign your own (secure) password.
2. In Wireless Security set one of the levels of encryption and key:WEP, WPA or WPA2
3. Do the same in each wireless device
IEEE 802.11i Standards
WEP – Wired Equivalent Privacy Old, insecure, but better than nothing.
Prevents casual snooping.
WPA – Wi-Fi Protected Access Implements most of the privacy standards, but
may not work with older devices (Palm).
WPA2 – includes all mandatory security standards and new AES algorithm.
Security 3
To logon to your router first find out the address by using the DOS command ipconfig /all. The Default Gateway is the router address.
In a browser, such as IE, type that address in the address bar and Enter
The router screen should ask for a logon name and password.
Security 4
Very often the original password is “admin”. Use Internet search to find the right one for your router.
Go to the Administration section and set your own password (and don’t forget it). Don’t forget to Save Settings.
Follow your router’s help screens or Documentation or contact the help desk at your ISP to set up encryption on your router.
Adding a Printer - 1
On computer with printer attached Start – Control Panel – Printers [and faxes] Right click on printer to be shared and
select Share In Sharing tab click on Share This Printer
and give it a name, maybe Brother 7420 Apply and OK Sharing can be done for folders too or
whole disk (c:). Public or SharedDocs are always shared.
Adding a Printer - 2 On remote computer Start – Control
Panel – Printers [and Faxes] Select Add a Printer In Vista reply Network and double click
on the computer name that has the printer
In XP reply Next in the wizard▪ Click on A Network Printer and Next▪ Select Browse for a Printer and Next
Select the desired printer from the list and Next
The printer will be installed
Tools
Start – Run – Cmd will open a “DOS” window. Ipconfig /all will show you basic
information about your adapters and addresses.
Ipconfig /renew will find all of the devices on your LAN and renew the TCP/IP addresses.
Ping [site] will send a query to the remote site and measure the time for a reply.
Tracert [site] will list all of the nodes between you and the site.
Netstat
IPCONFIG Output
PingMicrosoft Windows [Version 6.0.6001]Copyright (c) 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\John>ping my.yahoo.com
Pinging my.yahoo4.akadns.net [68.142.197.198] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 68.142.197.198: bytes=32 time=83ms TTL=49Reply from 68.142.197.198: bytes=32 time=77ms TTL=49Reply from 68.142.197.198: bytes=32 time=82ms TTL=49Reply from 68.142.197.198: bytes=32 time=84ms TTL=49
Ping statistics for 68.142.197.198: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 77ms, Maximum = 84ms, Average = 81ms
C:\Users\John>
Tracert
Troubleshooting
Update firmware in router Network Troubleshooter Repair Connection Unplug modem, router and turn off
computer; replug modem and wait until power-up sequence is complete; replug router; power-up computer
Disable firewall and virus software Use tools – ipconfig, ping Call ISP service desk
That’s All Folks