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Transcript of Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon BECOMING A TEACHER, 7e Forrest W. Parkay & Beverly Hardcastle...
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
BECOMING A TEACHER, 7eForrest W. Parkay &
Beverly Hardcastle Stanford
Chapter 4Social Realities
And Today’sSchools
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Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Is the Role of Schools in Today’s Society?
Schools and Prosocial Values The well being of any society requires support of such values When polled, ninety percent of the public believed the
following values should be taught in the public schools: honesty democracy Acceptance of people of different races and ethnic
backgrounds Caring for friends and family Moral courage Patriotism/love of country
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Is the Role of Schools in Today’s Society?
Schools and the Socialization of the Young Schools are where the young learn to participate
responsibly in our nation’s society Schools are where individuals from different
ethnic, racial, religious, and cultural backgrounds can learn the values and customs of the majority English language Major national holidays Basic workings of capitalism and democracy
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Is the Role of Schools in Today’s Society?
Schools and Social Change Schools can provide students with the knowledge to
improve society
Schools and Equal Educational Opportunity To create a community that works for the common
good, students need to acquire the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to participate in civic action to make society more equitable and just
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
How Can Schools Be Described? Schools can be categorized according to their
curricula: college prep, vocational, or general Metaphors for Schools
Words like: tribes, clans, gardens, prisons, banks, homes, churches, mental hospitals, and teams
An effective school consists of a community of caring adults who attend to the academic, social, and emotional needs of the children in their care
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
How Can Schools Be Described? Schools and Social Class
Some individuals believe that schools reproduce the existing society
Done by presenting different curricula and educational experiences to students from different socioeconomic classes
Schools in effect preserve the stratification within society and maintain the differences
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Are Schools Like as Social Institutions?
The School as a Reflection of Society Schools mirror the national culture and the
surrounding local culture Rural, Suburban, and Urban Schools
Often have significantly different cultures Schools and Community Environments
The differences among the environments can be enormous
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Are Schools Like as Social Institutions?
The Culture of the School The physical environment
Reflects and helps create the school’s culture
Formal practices of schools Self-contained classrooms Open-space classrooms Departmentalization
School traditions Reflect what the students, teachers, parents, and surrounding
community view as important
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Are Schools Like as Social Institutions?
The Culture of the Classroom Each classroom develops its own culture or
way of life Effective teachers develop positive, task-
oriented cultures Ineffective teachers develop negative cultures
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What are the Characteristics of Successful Schools?
Measures of success Schools achieve at a high level and complete
requirements for graduation They achieve results that surpass those
expected from comparable settings They are schools that are improving, not
getting worse
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What are the Characteristics of Successful Schools?
Research on School Effectiveness How to build an effective school
Strong Leadership High expectationsEmphasis on basic
skills
Frequent, systematicEvaluation of
Student learningSense of purpose
Focus on Studentlearning
Emphasis on Authentic pedagogy
Greater school Organizational
capacity
Orderly schoolenvironment
Collegiality and aSense of community
Greater externalsupport
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?
Identifying Students at Risk Growing numbers of students live in socially
toxic environments Tend to get low grades Perform below grade level academically Are older due to retention Have behavior problems at school
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?
Children and Poverty Almost 17 percent of children live in families
below the poverty line 24 percent with parents or caregivers who do
not have full time, year round employment In 2002, the flagging economy sent 1.4
million more people into poverty Nearly have were children
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?
Homelessness Half of all homeless children do not attend school
regularly due to numerous barriers Health problems Hunger Difficulty obtaining clothing School supplies Providing documentation Can be difficult to identify
The McKinney-Vento Act requires states to provide homeless children with a free public education Must remove obstacles to school registration
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?
Family Stress
Substanceabuse
PsychologicalabuseSexual abuse
Physical abuse
Financial problems
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?
Substance Abuse In a 2003 poll, drug use among students remained at
alarming levels 54 percent had tried an illicit drug by the time they
finished High School Alcohol use remains extremely widespread among
today’s youth An alarming number of young people see drugs as a
way of coping with life problems
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?
Violence and Crime Students ages 12-18 were victims of 764,000
violent crimes Were the victims of 1.2 million crimes of
theft 71 percent of schools experienced one or more
violent incidents 36 percent reported one or more such incidents to
the police
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?
Violence and Crime
School Shootings
Violence intelevision
Violent point andShoot video
games
Selling drugs
Increase use Of
guns
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
Complications during pregnancy and in the
birthing process
Complications during pregnancy and in the
birthing process
Less likely to receive prenatal care
Less likely to receive prenatal careThey tend not to eat
well balanced diets
They tend not to eat well balanced diets
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?
Teen Pregnancy In spite of a decline in teenage pregnancy,
birth, and abortion, teen pregnancies still remain a serious problem in society
Are not free of harmful substances such as
alcohol, tobacco, and drugs
Are not free of harmful substances such as
alcohol, tobacco, and drugs
Are “at risk” for chronic educational,
occupational, and financial difficulties
Are “at risk” for chronic educational,
occupational, and financial difficulties
Their offspring are “at risk” for medical, educational, and
behavioral problems
Their offspring are “at risk” for medical, educational, and
behavioral problems
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?
Suicide among Children and Youths Suicide is the third leading cause of death
among youth ages fifteen to twenty-four Female students are two times more likely to
seriously attempt suicide Latino students are two times more likely
than white students Gay and lesbian youth are two to three times
more likely than their heterosexual peers
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
How Are Schools Addressing Societal Problems?
Peer Counseling Full-Service Schools School-Based Interprofessional Case
Management Compensatory Education Alternative Schools and Curricula
Copyright © 2007 Allyn and Bacon
How Can Community-Based Partnerships Help Students Learn?
The Community as a Resource for Schools Civic Organizations: Sources of funding Volunteer Mentor Programs Corporate-Education Partnerships: Work on
creating model schools Schools as Resources for Communities
Beyond the School Day Social Services