Copyright © 2004 OFC 1 ESD Workshop in Seoul, Korea 22 – 24 November 2004, organized by UNESCO ...

Copyright © 2004 OFCCopyright © 2004 OFC 11

ESD Workshop in Seoul, Korea 22 – 24 November 2004, organized by UNESCO

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Workshop on

“Asia-Pacific Education for Sustainable Development”

Country Report Coverage on: Socio-economic Issue – Livelihood, Challenges and Education Status in Cambodia

Ms. Houth RatanakDirector

Open Forum of Cambodia

http://www.forum.org.kh/


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Table of Contents

I. Country Background

II. Overview of the Poverty Situation

III. The Macroeconomic Framework

IV. Socio – Economic Development Challenges and

Performance Over the Last Decade

V. The Basic Education Strategy For Nine Years

VI. Cross Cutting Education Reform Progress and Impact

VII. Conclusions




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Area: 181, 035 square kilometersPopulation: 13, 124, 764 million (2003 est.) It is bordered by:

- Thailand to the West and Northwest,

- Lao PDR to the North, - Vietnam to east and

Southeast, - and by the Gulf of Thailand

to the South and Southwest.



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I. Country Background

Population in Rural Area: 85 – 90%.

Ethnic Group: about 90% Khmer, 5% Chinese, 5%

Vietnamese, and small numbers of hill tribes (Chams

and Burmese etc.).

Languages used: Khmer (95%), French (olders), English

(younger generation).




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67.379.1

64.9

0

20

40

60

80

Adult Literacy Rate (Aged 15 and over)

Total Urban Rural


Census population 1998



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II. Overview of the Poverty Situation

Reduced per capita consumption (measure in Riel).Inequality is very high; particularly along urban-rural lines. Illiteracy



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III.The Macroeconomic Framework

The historical legacy of genocide.The 1980s, the country remained isolated from the world (Soviet and Vietnamese and UN auspices in 1991).The sharp fall in investment and output in the mid-1990s.Grow in recent year strongly influenced by expansion of the export-oriented garment industry.



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A policy of selective and carefully targeted demand expansion seems to us to be a good solution to this problem.



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IV. Socio-Economic Development: Challenges and Performance over the decade.

Economic will growth when: Macroeconomic is stable. The public investments are increased. Reintegrate into the international community. GDP growth. The industrial sectors growth. Tourism has significantly contributed to the

country’s economic development and poverty reduction.



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Inequality

Inequalities of Gender in social, economic and political spheres.

Inequalities of development between rural and urban communities.

Inequalities of income.



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Population High population grow. Increasing number of dependents to income

earners. Increasing under and unemployment and

depressing wages. Increasing the pressure on public service delivery

in education. The high demand for social health.



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V. Major current policies and programs 2002 - 2006

The five policy areas, which planed by MOEYS:1. Effective partnership towards Education For All2. Increased equitable access to education services3. Improved quality and internal efficiency of

education4. Enhanced management and de-concentration of

education services5. Increased resource allocation to the education

sector



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5.2 The Key ChallengesThere are six major challenges that identified in the

Education Sector:1. To solve inequalities within the educational

sector.2. To improve the quantity and the qualities of

education service.3. To increase the demand for education.4. To accelerate the process of decentralization.5. To keep children in school once enrolled.6. To involve improving the quality and access to

preschool education.


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5.3 Framework for Meeting the Key ChallengesThe main policy initiatives stated in the strategic plan (ESP).

1. Assuring equitable access to basic education.2. Target student from poor families.3. Promoting quality and efficiency improvement.4. Accelerating decentralization.


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VI. Cross Cutting Education Reform Progress and Impact.

6.1 Reform Progress and Impact Analysis by Gender and Ethnic Minority. Progress and Impact on Gender. Progress and Impact on Ethnic group.

6.2 Education in Remote and Border Areas: Progress and Impact. Increasing number of school. Improving the service. Teacher incentive strategic.


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Otherwise: The numbers of children abandon school in

primary will be increased. Decreasing secondary school enrolment. The limited to availability of lower and upper

secondary school facility.


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VII. Conclusions Despite steady economic growth during the past

decade, poverty has not declined significantly, falling from only 39 to 36 percent between 1994 and 1999.

On the social side, progress has been slow and uneven.

Gender equality remains a major issue in most areas of socio-economic life despite clear government commitment to female empowerment.


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Recommendations:

In order to reach the ESD, we as the stakeholders must identify the main problems of:

• Poverty• Impact of Environment• Inequality

Then, we make a good strategy that very country in the region able to implement the process.


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Orkun! Thank you very much for your attention!

Copyright © 2004 OFC 1 ESD Workshop in Seoul, Korea 22 – 24 November 2004, organized by UNESCO ...

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