Copy the following onto NB p. 97.
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Transcript of Copy the following onto NB p. 97.
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Copy the following onto NB p. 97.What role did each of these people or groups play in
the fight against slavery?• Quakers -• Benjamin Lundy -• Benjamin Banneker -• American Colonization Society -• William Lloyd Garrison -• Elijah P. Lovejoy -• Theodore Dwight Weld -• Sarah and Angelina Grimke -• John Quincy Adams -• Henry Highland Garnett -• Frederick Douglass -• Sojourner Truth -• Harriet Tubman -
Skip a line between each
name.
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Lesson 14.4a: The Abolition Movement
Today we will identify major leaders of the abolition movement and their viewpoints.
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Today’s Vocabulary
• identify – point out or describe• major – big or important• abolition movement – organized
effort to end slavery• viewpoint – how someone sees or
thinks about something
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Check for Understanding• What does it mean to identify?• What was the abolition movement?• What is a viewpoint?
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Before the early 1830s, slavery was discussed calmly.
Since slavery was banned in the North, most of the
early abolitionists
were southerners.
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The first abolitionists were Quakers, who
believed that all people had the same
`spark of divinity,' making slavery
immoral.
Quakers were among the first to free their slaves. Some Quakers traveled the countryside urging
slave-owners to free their slaves.
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In the 1820s, Benjamin Lundy also urged
southerners to free their slaves, and for the nation to help free
blacks move to Haiti, Canada or Texas (which was still part of Mexico).
Lundy tried to use persuasion on slave-owners rather than
attacks and condemnation.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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How did Benjamin Lundy work to end slavery?
A. Published an antislavery newspaperB. Introduced an Constitutional amendment
to abolish slaveryC. Supported the colonization movementD. Published a collection of newspaper
articles detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Tried to persuade slave-owners to free
their slaves voluntarily
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What did the abolitionist efforts of Quakers and Benjamin Lundy have in
common?
A. Both published antislavery newspapers.B. Both helped runaway slaves escape to
the North.C. Both tried to persuade slave owners
rather than use violence or insults.D. Both spoke out publicly in speeches
against slavery.
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Benjamin Banneker was a free black
born in Maryland.• A mathematician and
astronomer, he published an almanac that rivaled Franklin's for accuracy.
• John Adams cited Banneker's achievements as proof that intelligence is not a factor of skin color.
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Later in life, Banneker
surveyed the District of
Colombia and contributed to the
design of the capital city.
He corresponded with Washington, Jefferson and others about the evils of slavery.
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But because of the increasing profitability of cotton production, Banneker and the
Quakers were not able to influence many slave-owners.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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How did Benjamin Banneker work to end slavery?
A. Published an antislavery newspaperB. Introduced an Constitutional amendment
to abolish slaveryC. His accomplishments proved that blacks
were not inferior to whitesD. Published a collection of newspaper
articles detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Wrote Washington and Jefferson about
the evils of slavery
Write down the letter of every true response to this question!
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In the 1820s, a large anti-slavery movement emerged, supported by southerners and
represented by organizations such as the American Colonization Society.
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While those who believed in
colonization opposed slavery, they also believed
that blacks and whites could not live together in
harmony.
Therefore, while they urged slave-owners to free their slaves, they also raised money to pay for the
transportation of free blacks to West Africa.
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President James Monroe, Chief Justice John Marshall and House Speaker Henry Clay were supporters of the
colonization movement.
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For a time, even Southern slave-owners who rejected abolition often
supported colonization of free blacks.
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By 1860, nearly 11,000 blacks had gone to
Liberia in West Africa, and helped found and
build that country.
But most blacks refused colonization, insisting that the U. S. was their home.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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How did those who supported colonization work against slavery?
A. Helped runaway slaves escape to freedom.B. Tried to demonstrate how blacks and
whites could live side by sideC. Tried to find highly intelligent African
Americans to show that blacks were not inferior to whites
D. Raised money to send freed slaves back to Africa
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William Lloyd Garrison was one of the most uncompromising
abolitionists of his day.
• He said slave-owners were evil and should not receive reimburse-ment for slaves freed by legislation.
• Abolition must be complete, immediate, and without compensation.
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Garrison didn't care what other social or economic problems might be caused by
immediate emancipation.
• His words were so extreme and so harsh that he alienated many people who might otherwise have supported his cause.
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In the South, Garrison was despised as one who encouraged slaves to revolt.
Copies of his antislavery
newspaper “The Liberator” were
banned, and a $5,000 reward was offered to
anyone who would capture Garrison and bring him to Georgia
to stand trial.
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“I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I
will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . I will not
equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – and I WILL BE HEARD!”
-- William Lloyd Garrison
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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14. How did William Lloyd Garrison work to end slavery?
A. Published an antislavery newspaperB. Introduced an Constitutional amendment
to abolish slaveryC. Supported the colonization movementD. Published a collection of newspaper
articles detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Wrote Washington and Jefferson to urge
their support for abolition
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Elijah P. Lovejoy was a
Presbyterian minister and editor of the
Observer, and his editorials
criticized slavery in very hostile
words.
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• An angry mob broke into his printing office in 1837.
• They dumped his printing press into the Mississippi River, burned his office, and murdered him.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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How did Elijah P. Lovejoy work to end slavery?
A. Published an antislavery newspaperB. Introduced an Constitutional amendment to
abolish slaveryC. Supported the colonization movementD. Published a collection of newspaper articles
detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Tried to persuade slave-owners to free their
slaves voluntarily
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He tried to build a large antislavery
movement by appealing to the consciences of
Midwestern farmers and church groups.
A more successful abolitionist was Theodore Dwight Weld.
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Weld especially focused on
southern accounts, in order to counter
southern claims that slave abuse
almost never occurred.
Weld published a collection of
newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery under the
title, “American Slavery As It Is.”
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Sarah Grimke Angelina Grimke
Weld’s wife Angelina Grimke and her sister Sarah were from a slaveholding family in
South Carolina, but had been converted to abolition by Quakers.
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Many conventional Americans were shocked by the idea of two women
speaking out publicly on any subject.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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How did the Grimke sisters work to end slavery?
A. Published an antislavery newspaperB. Supported the ‘gag rule’C. Opposed the colonization movementD. Published a collection of newspaper
articles detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Made many public speeches against
slavery
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Former President John Quincy Adams fought the ‘gag rule’ and supported Weld’s work.
• As a member of the House of Representatives, he read Weld’s antislavery petitions in Congress.
• He introduced a consti-tutional amendment to ban slavery throughout the United States.
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Adams also took part in the Amistad case.
• African prisoners aboard the slave ship Amistad had rebelled, and seized the ship.
• Adams successfully argued their case in the U.S. Supreme Court.
• The Africans were granted their freedom and were allowed to return to Africa.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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15. How did John Quincy Adams work against slavery in Congress?
A. Introduced the ‘gag rule’B. Introduced an amendment to abolish slaveryC. Defended the Amistad defendantsD. Published a collection of newspaper articles
detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Read antislavery petitions in Congress
Write down the letter of every true response to this question!
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In the North, free blacks could become involved in the abolition movement.
Some black abolitionists had once been slaves themselves, and could tell of slavery's horrors
based on personal experience.
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Henry Highland Garnett and Frederick Douglass were rivals for black abolitionist leadership, and they
demonstrated the divisions within the movement.
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Henry Highland
Garnett was the more
militant of the two, and as
early as 1843 was calling
for slaves to rise up
against their owners and
make themselves
free.
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Garnett believed that any violence done by slaves in the act of freeing themselves was
justified on the grounds of self defense.
His stated belief was that it was
better to die free than live as
slaves.
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Frederick Douglass was the best orator, black
or white, in the movement.
He had escaped slavery as a youth, taught himself to
read and write, and published his
Autobiography in 1845.
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• Like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass published an antislavery newspaper, The North Star.
• He disagreed with Garnett on the role of violence in abolition, but not on the degrad-ations of slavery.
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He worked tirelessly with white politicians
and social leaders throughout the 1840s and `50s, and beyond
the Civil War.
Until his death in 1895, Douglass spoke out on
behalf of black equality, the rights of working people, and
for the right of women to vote.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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16. What were Frederick Douglass’ contributions to the
abolitionist movement?A. Published an autobiography about his life
as a slaveB. Encouraged slaves to rise up violently
against their mastersC. Made many public speeches against slaveryD. Sponsored an antislavery amendment in
Congress E. Published an antislavery newspaper
Write down the letter of every true response to this question!
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Black women such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman also played major roles in
the antislavery movement.
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Sojourner Truth had been born a slave, and although
she was illiterate, Truth was a powerful
speaker who sometimes used songs
she had composed in her speeches.
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Harriet Tubman was a runaway
slave from Maryland.
She aided the movement by working as a
‘conductor’ on the Underground
Railroad.
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Some abolitionists helped slaves escape to freedom along the
Underground Railroad.• Neither a railroad nor underground• Informal network of abolitionists who
hid runaway slaves fleeing to Canada• Traveled secretly from house to house• Aided by ‘conductors’ (sympathetic
whites and free blacks) along the way
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At the risk of her own freedom and safety, Tubman returned to slave states nineteen times to guide other blacks to freedom.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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17. How did Sojourner Truth fight for abolition?
A. Published an autobiography about her life as a slave
B. Worked on the Underground Railroad to help runaway slaves escape to freedom
C. Encouraged slaves to rise up violently against their masters
D. Made many public speeches against slavery
E. Published an antislavery newspaper
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18. How did runaway slaves escape to freedom on the Underground Railroad?
A. Worked as laborers on trains until they could escape to a free state
B. Dug tunnels for the railway as they waited for the right moment to escape
C. Moved from house to house at night, working their way north
D. Sneaked onto trains at night as their masters slept and fled to freedom
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19. How did Harriet Tubman fight against slavery?
A. Read antislavery petitions in CongressB. Published an autobiography about her
life as a slaveC. Made many public speeches against
slaveryD. Worked on the Underground Railroad
to help runaway slaves escape to freedom
E. Published an antislavery newspaper