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OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode)

Presented by:

K.Bhargavi

B.Sushmanth

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What is an OLED?

OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode

An OLED is any light emitting diode (LED) which emissive

electroluminescent layer is composed of a film of organic

compounds.

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History of OLEDs First developed in the early 1950s in France Early technology would emmite a short burst of light when a

voltage was applied This early form applied high-voltage alternating current field to

crystalline thin films of acridine orange and quinacrine.

1960s - AC-driven electroluminescent cells

using doped anthracene was developed In a 1977 paper, Shirakawa et al. Reported

high conductivity in similarly oxidized andiodine-doped polyacetylene.

In 1987 Chin Tang and Van Slykeintroduced the first light emitting diodesfrom thin organic layers.

In 1990 electroluminescence in polymerswas discovered.

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Architecture of OLEDsSubstrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds electron "holes")

when a current flows through the device.Organic layer:o Conducting layer - This layer is made of

organic plastic molecules that transport"holes" from the anode. One conducting

polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline.o Emissive layer - This layer is made of

organic plastic molecules (different onesfrom the conducting layer) that transportelectrons from the cathode; this is where

light is made. One polymer used in theemissive layer is polyfluorene.

Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) -The cathode injects electrons when a current flows through the device.

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Types of OLEDsPassive OLEDs

The organic layer is betweenstrips of cathode and anode thatrun perpendicular

The intersections form the pixels Easy to make Use more power Best for small screens

Active OLEDs

Full layers of cathode andanode Anode over lays a thin film

transistor (TFT) Requires less power Higher refresh rates Suitable for large screens

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Current Research for OLEDs

Manufacturers focusing on finding a

cheap way to produceo "Roll-to-Roll" Manufacturing

Increasing efficiency of blue luminance

Boosting overall lifespan

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Applications of OLEDs

TVs Cell Phone screens Computer Screens Keyboards (Optimus Maximus) Lights

Portable Divice displays

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OLEDs as a Light Source

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OLED Televisions

Released XEL-1 in February 2009. First OLED TV sold in stores. 11'' screen, 3mm thin $2,500 MSRP Weighs approximately 1.9 kg Wide 178 degree viewing angle 1,000,000:1 Contrast ratio

Sony

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Optimus Maximus Keyboard

Small OLED screen on every key 113 OLED screens total Each key can be programmed to

preform a series of functions Keys can be linked to applications

Display notes, numerals, specialsymbols, HTML codes, etc... SD card slot for storing settings

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Advantages of OLEDs

Much faster response time Consume significantly less energy Able to display "True Black" picture Wider viewing angles Thinner display Better contrast ratio Safer for the environment Has potential to be mass produced inexpensively OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma

OLED Lighting Vs. Incandescent and Fluorescent Cheaper way to create flexible lighting Requires less power Better quality of light (ie. no "Cold Light") New design concepts for interior lighting

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Disadvantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma Cost to manufacture is high Overall luminance degradation Constraints with lifespan Easily damaged by water Limited market availability

OLED Lighting Vs. Incandescent and Fluorescent

Not as easy as changing a light bulb

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Future Uses for OLED

Lighting

Flexible / bendable lighting Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space Transparent lighting doubles as a window

Cell Phones Nokia 888

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Future Uses for OLED

Transparent Car Navigation System on Windshield

Using Samsungs' transparent OLED technology Heads up display GPS system

Scroll Laptop Nokia concept OLED Laptop

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