COP17 – Costa Rica: Pathways Towards a Low Carbon Economy
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Transcript of COP17 – Costa Rica: Pathways Towards a Low Carbon Economy
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Costa Rica: pathways towardsa low-carbon coffee sector
Why our coffee sector is fertile ground for testing newapproaches to a green economy
Durban, December 2011
MINAET
Ministerio de Ambiente,Energa y
Telecomunicaciones
MINAET
Ministerio de Ambiente,Energa y
Telecomunicaciones
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The national coffee sector in the face of climate change
1. The Costa Rican coffee sector in the face of climate change- Challenges and potentials
2. Next steps towards low carbon development in the Costa Ricancoffee sector
- COOPEDOTA - a pioneer in certified CO2-neutral coffee production
- Using PES as an innovative approach in the development of high sequestration, low
emission coffee production systems
3. Nationally appropriate mitigation action in the Costa Rican
coffee sector
- Increasing the eco-competitiveness of national coffee producers
Content
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COOPEDOTAA pioneer in certified CO2-neutral
coffee production
The way forward towards low carbon development
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COOPEDOTA has reduced GHG emissions in line with internationaldevelopments in climate change policy
Source: Coopedota, 2011
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5Source: Coopedota, 2011
Farms Mill Transport RoastingConsump-
tion
Waste
94% 4% 2% Neutralized by consumers
62% 1% 5% 15% 8% 9%
Methodology for quantifying product life cycle GHG emissions
Export20,000 fanegas
National500 fanegas
1,800 tCO2e
69 tCO2e
1,869 tCO2e
COOPEDOTA quantifies the GHG emissions through out the life cycle
of their coffee, from craddle to grave
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Source: Coopedota, 2011
Substituted 95% of wood with dried pulp and husk Automation of the drying process
90% increase in oven efficiency
Energy efficiency and energy use practices Installation of the mini processing plant for
processing small quantities
Development of energy mgmt. programs
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COOPEDOTAs energy consumption was reduced by over 50%
Electricity use in the processing mill
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Source: Coopedota, 2011
Instituted 100% measurement of water use
Recycling 100% of water during processing
Installed a lagoon system to treat water
Later installed an irrigation system utilizingwaste waters
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Water use was reduced by 80% and wastewater discharges were eliminated
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CO2-neutral coffee from COOPEDOTA
Today, COOPEDOTA continues to innovate by implementing new
biofuel projects
Bioethanol distillation project Biomass gasification project
Estimated production of 2,000 liters a day by utilizing
waste waters from the mill
Ethanol with a 95 degree alcohol content was
produced during the last harvest
Electricity production of 50 Kwh by using biomass
such as dried coffee pulp and husk
Source: Coopedota, 2011
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Using PES as an innovative approach
in the development of high sequestration,
low emission coffee production systems
The way forward towards low carbon development
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Payments for environmental services for agroforestry systems in the coffee sector
Costa Rica lost almost 20% of its coffee plantations about 24.000hectares - between 2001 and 2007.
Coffee plantations were mainly displaced by inadequatly plannedurbanization, uncontrolled expansion of more profitable cash crops likepine apple and by degraded pastures.
75% of eliminated coffee plantations were coffee agroforestrysystems.
The loss of coffee plantations released at least 740.752 tC.
Source: CATIE (2011)
In fragmented agricultural landscapes, coffee plantations are importantconnectivity zones for forests and water recharge areas
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Costa Ricas PES scheme currently offers payments for the
establishment of new agroforestry systems.
Farmers receive US$ 1,30 per planted tree and total payments are
issued over a three-year period.
Only 7.7% of agroforestry systems financed under the PES schemewere implemented in coffee regions.
Established coffee agroforestry systems that already deliverenvironmental services do not benefit from the PES scheme.
Since 1997, Costa Rica has a payment program that helps to protect,enhance, and restore forest environmental services.
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Payments for environmental services for agroforestry systems in the coffee sector
A new payment scheme for established coffee agroforestrysystems is being proposed for inter-institutional implementation into thenational PES program.
Payments would be awarded to farmers for the conservation ofenvironmental services provided by coffee agroforestry systems.
A pilot phase is currently under preparation that intends to pay farmersUS$ 150 per hectare over a three-year period.
Additional sources of financing are needed to secure theimplementation of the proposed PES scheme.
PES for established coffee agroforestry systems can halt the loss of
coffee plantations by raising their profitability.
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Nationally appropriate mitigation actionin the Costa Rican coffee sector
Increasing eco-competitiveness ofnational coffee producers
MINAT
Ministerio de Ambiente,Energa y
Telecomunicaciones
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The national coffee sector in the face of climate changeImpacts of climate change are already felt today by 50.000 coffee producingfamilies, therefore adaptation measures are required immediately
National coffee farmers face already anannual decrease in productivity of 2percent due to climate related events
Adaptation strategies have to be
developed for coffee farmers, including- development of varieties adapted to
new climatic conditions,
- shade management systems,
- production and processing methods withgreater water efficiency,
- Insurance mechanisms and maketingstrategies to deal with variability inproduction
In 2010, coffee farmers in one of the poorest counties of Costa Rica had 20% higher production costs due todamages from extreme weather events that caused floodings and erosion.
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The national coffee sector in the face of climate changeCosta Rica has developed an ambitious climate policy framework thatincludes a range of measures for GHG mitigation and adaptation
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Costa Rica aims to reach carbon neutrality by 2021 GHG emissionreductions in the agricultural sector can help to reach this goal
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Source: World Bank (2008)Source: MINAET, INCAE, FUNDECOR (2010)
The coffee sector, with its high use of fertilizer, has the largest emissions rateof N2O in the agricultural sector
Source: INCAE-NEEDS, 2009 Source: World Bank, 2011; Montenegro, J. 2011
Fertilizer useAverage
Kg per Ha
World 117
Latin America 116
Costa Rican Coffee Sector 200 - 250
Projection of national GHG emissions(in MtCO2e)
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Eco-competitiveness can be defined as a companys ability to mitigate riskand capitalize on opportunities related to environmental issues
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1980 1990 2000 2011 2030 2040 2050
Carbon neutral growth
An eco-competitive coffee sector can serve as a model to transition theagricultural sector towards national green economy goals
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The national coffee sector in the face of climate changeThe Costa Rican coffee sector aims to achieve carbon neutrality by
2021, in line with the National Carbon Neutrality Plan
EnergyFertilizers
Forestry
Waste
Cogeneration
Increased fertlizer efficiency
Precise fertilizer application
Reforest unused landsIncrease shade
trees density
Wastewater treatment
Energy reduction throughuse of good practices
Increase motor effiency
Abatement potential (M tCO2e)
Preliminary GHG Abatement curve beyond BAUfor the Costa Rican Coffee Sector, 2015-20355,000
3,000
1,000
-1,000
-2,000
0
Abate
mentcost(USD)
pertCO2e
20
5 10 15 20 25 26.3
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A road map for the nationally appropriate mitigation action in theCosta Rican coffee sector
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Contacts:
MINAET Ren Castro [email protected] Tania Lpez [email protected] Ronald Peters [email protected] Roberto Mata [email protected] Hortensia Sols [email protected]
MINAET
Ministerio de Ambiente,Energa y
Telecomunicaciones
MINAET
Ministerio de Ambiente,Energa y
Telecomunicaciones
MINAET
Ministerio de Ambiente,Energa y
Telecomunicaciones
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Thank you
Thank you