Cooperation UMN UMB Response to Climate Change system ...
Transcript of Cooperation UMN UMB Response to Climate Change system ...
Cooperation UMN‐
Bioforsk, UMB Response to Climate Change‐
system
approach (new team )
• Follow up Visit to Norway 10‐
12 June 2009.
• Follow up meeting in Minnesota september 2008 – Climate change‐
Norwegian cooperation
• Agriculture‐
GHG‐
sources and measures
• Agriculture‐
effects‐
positive and negative
• Agriculture‐
measures, mitigation
• Short‐Long term perspective?
• Wait and see‐
adapt when changes come
• Risk planning, new development
• Short term‐
extreme weather
• long term‐
adaptation of
– production systems
Climate change‐
agriculture‐
focus on:
What will this agricultural landscape look like after some decades
New possibilities
Longer growing
season
Higher yields
New sortsnew crops food,
energy, other
purposes
Increased area
special crops,
changed tillage
Better quality
climate labelling
Different management practices
Green house gas emissions
Carbon sequestrations- Agriculture of the solution ?
Need for research focusing on ecosystems, production systems etc
Need to increase food production- increasing population and at same ti reduce emissions
Some possibilities … and WE have water
Longer growing season, milder climate
Change in climate –
change in plant diseases, pests , weeds,
need for identification, warning, recommendations of pesticide
use or other measures
South eastern Norway‐
cereal productions‐
EROSION March
Green house gas emissions
Spreading of manure, N2O
lossesMethane ‐
animals
St.meld. nr. 39 (WHITE PAPER)
(2008–2009)
Klimautfordringene –
landbruket en del av løsningen
Climate challenges‐
agriculture‐
part of the solution
Follow up 2010:Ministry of
agriculture and
food: Priority to
carbon storage in
soil
Cooperation to USA
and Canada.
Minnesota specific
mentioned
Response to climate change- system approaches (comparative studies )
”Reimagining agriculture and forestry”
• Comparative research‐
based on case studies (Norway and Minnesota )– different working teams can develop cooperation, such as:
• Effects of climate change on production systems‐
positive and negative effects
(identification of effects‐
documentation –
methods‐
monitoring)• Adaptation to changed climate: preventing unwanted effects, development of
new management practices (pesticides‐
plant protection, pollution‐
soil tillage.
Positive effects‐
longer growing season‐
changes cropping area/season,
possibilities new crops )
• Special focus: Greenhouse gases‐
budget farm level‐
comparison of production
system and management practices‐
measures to reduce gas emissions . Carbon
sequestration.
• Special focus : (Winter ) hydrology in catchments‐
runoff pathways‐
methods• Special focus‐
environmental effects‐
pollution‐
erosion,N,P
losses‐
effects of
management practices‐
water quality (soil tillage, crops, drainage, )• Special focus‐
watershed engineering‐
extreme events‐
runoff control‐
dimentioning
of pipe systems, control with surface runoff• Project cooperation, research exchange
Focus on working with scenarios, risk assessment, planning tools, modelling,
monitoring systems
Workshop 30 Sept‐
2 October
• Discussion of cooperation for some of theses ideas
• Comparing joint research/interest
• Establish contact between researchers /groups
• Suggestions for further cooperation• Establish team/focus groups
Cases in Norway
• Agricultural Monitoring catchments
• Crop system –field trials
• Buffer zones• Constructed wetlands• Cultural landscape• Urban runoff, highways, airport…..
Geographical location of monitoring stations. Agricultural Environmental Monitoring
Programme‐
(JOVA)
Monitoring catchments from the National Environmental Monitoring
programme
JOVA (presented by Johannes Deelstra later )
For each field
information on:
Crop
Soil management
Fertiliser
Manure
Yield
Pesticides
Monitoring catchments with different climate, soil and production systems
Examples from 3
of the monitoring
catchments
The Skuterud
catchment
‐
Ås• 450 ha – 270 ha arable land• 9 farms, 50 fields• Marine deposits: silty clay loam, silt loam, loam• Marine shore deposits: loam, loamy sand, sand
The Vandsemb
catchment
‐ Nes
• Subcatchment
in the larger Mørdre
catchment
• 5 ha
• A single farm field
• Level plain: lacustrine
deposits, silt
• Artificially levelled ravine valley: marine deposits, silty
clay loam
• Situated by lake Mjøsa
• 260 m above sea level, 120 km north of Oslo
• 46 ha land + 34 ha rented, possibility for irrigation
• Field trials, both on own land and administrating trials in the Extension services (approx. 450 trials)
Apelsvoll
Apelsvoll Field trial (1989‐
2009 and continuing )
Crop production
systemsEnergy cropsFertilisingMeasurement of
runoff, nutrient
losses…….
Dyrkingssystemforsøket20 år med data: 1989-2009• Målinger av
Avlinger og kvalitetNæringsstoffavrenning/utvaskingJordkjemi, -fysikk, -biologi
• Analyser av Miljøeffektiv matproduksjonØkonomiBærekraft
Ekstern finansieringMiljøverndep.: 1988-1993Landbruksdep.: 1988-1996Hydro/Yara: 1988- d.d.
Unik forsøksdesign, velkjent forsøk i inn‐
og
utland
• 18 artikler i internasjonale tidsskrift med referee
• Mer enn 30 artikler i nasjonale og internasjonale tidsskrift (proceedings, populærvitenskapelige artikler, etc.)
• Over 100 presentasjoner av forsøket på Apelsvoll (5-10 pr. år) i forbindelse med besøk av ulike norske og utenlandske grupper (forskere, veiledere, bønder, landbruksbasert næringsliv, forvaltning, studenter, skoleelever)
Brukes i ulike studier
Newly established‐
plants will increase efficiency
Constructed wetlands.
Sedimentation
ponds, buffer zones
Stormwater
and roads ‐
dimensioning for climate change
ClimRunoff
Photo: OSL
1 km0
N
De-icing chemicals:Kilfrost - planes,
PropyleneglycolCH3 -CH(OH)-CH2 (OH)
Clearway1 - runways, Potassium FormateCOOHK
Research area1: Oslo airport Gardermoen, OSL
Subteams‐
focus groups
• Hydrology
Carbon
• Agricultural landscapes Natural/cultural
landscapes‐ biodiversity
Focus Carbon ‐
soils
• carbon balance• water use ‐
water quality
• greenhouse gas ‐
agricultural systems
• agricultural production systems‐
food and energy
production‐
minimal losses GHG and reduced impact on
water quality• management practices• Methods decribing
soil organic carbon, retention
time..exchange
processes soil organic materiale
• Biochar•
Erosion , runoff, gas exchange, environment for plant growthWater and gas in soil, root
development
Forest
Agriculture
Human factors: Land use, agricultural practices, engineering
practices, forestry
Precipitation Atmosphere (gas)
Energy (temp. and
radiation)
Bioklima: an infrastructure proposal for cold climate
research on ecosystems,
UMB, Bioforsk, Forest and landscape
Quantify the hydrological cycle
Climate Change
Land use Change
Peak discharge
Halm til biovarme
Ragnar EltunBioforsk Øst Apelsvoll
Bioenergy from crop residues
Ragnar EltunBioforsk Øst Apelsvoll
Bioenergy heating
system at Apelsvoll
Yearly heating requirement:
308 000 kWh
Straw furnace: 500 kW
Water tank: 50 000 L + 10 000 L
network of pipes
Straw requirements:
92 tonn= 42 ha = 330 round bales
Stoking:
Normally 3 times a week
Straw storage facilites are going to be
built
Heating costs: 72 øre/kWh
Invitation‐
see climate impact on glaciers New team –response to climate change
Or Climate effect on peatland
• Svanhovd , Near to Russia
• Brown Bear• Visit Russia • National PARK• Bioforsk Conference Senter
Team 11 reporting
Alternatives:
Response to climate change‐
system approach
Reimagining agriculture and forestry‐response to climate change (suggested sept 08 )
Reinventing agriculture‐
response to climate change
Landscape systems to adress climate change – through the management of landscape systems
• Agriculture Landscape
Terrestrial
• Forestry
Systems
Watershed• Climate/climate change
Ecosystem
• Response Mitigate
• Ecosystem services
Management• Human Impacts
Target
Landscape systems to adress climate changeLSACC
Program • WEDNESDAY 30 September• 11:30‐
1:00 Lunch 335 Borlaug
Hall• 1:00‐
2:00. Opening Session (all teams) 335 Borlaug
Hall• 2:00‐2:30 Break
• 2:30 ‐
5:30. Work shop‐
Session I (UMN‐
; UMB, Bioforsk) • 2:30 – 3:15. Introduction of ideas of the new team (11) . Response to climate change‐
system • approaches (comparative studies ). Presentation of Bioforsk. Lillian Øygarden
.• 3:15‐
3:45. Catchment
Monitoring‐
JOVA programme‐
related research‐
cooperation possibilities . • Johannes Deelstra. • 3:45‐4:00 Break • 4:00 4:30 David Mulla
UMN, Present project to identify where biofuel
basins and buffers can • help purify agricultural waters before they reach the rivers and
lakes.• 4:30 5:00. Mary Williams "Decoupling Minnesota's natural and artificial watersheds." • 5:00 ‐
5:30. Planning of best management practices agricultural areas
‐
Norway‐
Lillian Ø• 6:30‐
08:30 Joint dinner for the teams. Cargill Bldg.Atrium
Thursday 1 October 08:00- 08: 30. Breakfast R 380. Seminar Room, Vo Tech Build.08:30- 11:30 Workshop Session II Vo Tech bldg. other TBA8:30- 9:00: Winter hydrology – ongoing research . Helen French.
( Airport, transport, urban, infiltration , methods, modeling ).9:00- 09:30. Bruce Wilson : Overview projects: WATER, winter- groundwater, weather generator..
09:30 - 10:00 Gary Feyereisen :Experimental System for Simulating Freeze-thaw Cycles.”10-30- 11:00 Cooperation possibilities. Climate change and winter hydrology present and future collaboration. Helen French 11:00- 11:30. Don Wyse: Improving agriculture- polyculture agriculture.
11:30- 12:30 Separate lunch
12:30- 16:00 Work session II 12:30- 13:00 Johannes Deelstra. Hydrological modeling agricultural systems - how to include drainage systems 13:00- 13:30. Craig Sheaffer: Grazing and harvesting systems.
13:30- 14:15. Jason Hill, Tracy Twine , Dylan Millett ; "Comparing the full cost of transportation fuel alternatives". (keywords: Life cycle and full cost accounting of new practices (food and biofuel: production and use). Research - climate – bioenergy . 14:15 - 14.45 Bioforsk work related to “carbon projects “ and Bioenergy crops. Presented by Lillian Ø. (depending on interest ) 15:00 - 18:00 Tour visiting on-campus experiments that relate to the goals of the workshop and learn of results. Organized by Clarence Lehman
18:00- 20.30 Workshop dinner for the teams and invited guests . Weissman Art Museum
Friday 2 October
08:30‐
10:30 : Continued discussions about future cooperation.Research‐
Carbon storage – soils . Possibilities to follow up the
White Paper of Ministry of Agriculture and Food . Climate change‐
agriculture part of the solution and the focus on ”Carbon – soils”.
10:30 . Reporting with the other teams
Participants: Wednesday and Thursday: Bioforsk: 3: Helen French, Johannes Deelstra, Lillian ØygardenUMN; 8 Clarence Lehman, Jason Hill, Bruce Wilson, David Mulla, Gary
Feyereisen, Mary Williams, Tracy Twine, Don Wyse,
Friday: UMN. John Baker…..
Topics for future collaborationFocus Hydrology: Hydrological pathways as influenced by climate change
Nutrient losses
, Erosion
Separation of flowpaths: Base flow, Drain flow, Surface flow,…separate by isotope analysisPaper: compare flow separation approaches
Extreme weather events for different Norwegian regions using meteorological network data
and the WINDS model combined with down scaled climate scenarios from the Meteorological
institute
What will happen to groundwater recharge?
Effect of scale and climate change on watershed management (agriculture, future)
Climate change and effect on drainage design. Urban areas‐
storm water‐
rain gardens
Controlled drainage and climate change and the effect on release
of N2O and phosphorus…
Ecosystem approach to climate change issues (hydrology, plants, carbon sequestration…)Decoupling natural and artificial watersheds
PLAN 2010:Helen – Oct 09‐application to NRC‐
NORKLIMA about new project based
on cooperation excisting
project cooperation with UMN (Climrunoff).Project working title:
Extreme weather in small catchments,
consequences for transport infrastructure and peri‐urban settlements
Some of the research areas identified can during 2010 develop into
more contact, collaboration and projects depending on e.g
project
applications and available funding opportunities.
Focus Carbon in soils
Carbon sequestration: possibilities in agriculture‐
effect of cropping systems, soil tillage
management, biochar.
Modelling carbon sequestration
Comparison Carbon ‐
research‐
UMN –
UMB, Bioforsk–
Norway
Metods charcterization soil organic matter , mineralization……
Peatlands – Carbon
Fate of biochar in soil. Lab, plot cale, modeling
GHG gasses –
management practicesLinking carbon‐
hydrology2010.Application to NRC (sept 08 );
Biochar
additions in Norway: effects on soil quality
properties and carbon storage potential in agricultural soils (AGRIchar). UMN participant
in application.
Focus response to climate change. System approach
• Effects of climate change on ecosystems‐
agricultural productions, cultural
landscape (documentation, methods, monitoring, risk planning, recommendations..)
– positive effects
– negative effects
• Adaptation to changed climate:– preventing unwanted effects,
– development of new management practices (pesticides‐
plant protection, pollution‐
soil tillage.
– Positive effects‐
longer growing season‐
changes cropping area/season, possibilities new crops
• Carbon sequestrations- Agriculture part of the solution ? Green house gas emissions
• Need to increase food production- increasing population and at same time reduce emissions
• Suggest workshop : invite different disciplines – integrated systems
approach. Soil‐
water‐
plant‐
landscape…….. (linked to another conference )
• Focusing on parallell projects, catchment comparisons
FUTURE COLLABORATION
QUESTIONS AND OPTIONS
Prepared by Helen French
Common issues
• Water infiltration and dynamics in soil, winter conditions• Surface run‐off, erosion and dimensioning guidelines, winter conditions• Contaminants;
– Transport sector: de‐icing chemicals, road contaminants, – Waste sites, waste water, – Agricultural contaminants; pesticides, nutrients (N and P),
• Monitoring techniques– Subsurface: geophysical techniques, groundwater –
logging (tunnel building)– Surface: JOVA (Johannes will say more…)
• Modelling activities– Subsurface: SUTRA, Modflow, COMSOL multiphysics– Surface/water shed: LISEM, SWAT, – Risk tools: P‐index, GIS‐tools, INCA‐P/N
? Experimental work:K(Sw,Temp)Aggregate stability
? Transport sector: Combination of point/line source over large areaErosionMaintenanceDimensioning? Challenge:
monitoring during frozen conditions
? Modelling:Realistic boundary conditions –
climatescenarios time‐resolutionModel comparisonDifferences in available data?REV‐REA – how to determine?Upscaling
Climate zones in Norway
Funding opportunities in Norway• The Norwegian Research council
– Research projects– Various exchanges options: Yggdrasil
• The EU– Collaborative projects: Not fund USA partner activities –
but can be included
in advisory boards etc.
– Marie Curie scholarships (mainly Europe)
• Fulbright scholarships (north America‐Norway)• Leiv
Erikson
funds (north America‐Norway)
• Ministry of Agriculture….
• Nordic funding options
• Twinned projects; funding from Norway and USA
NORKLIMA:Project working title:
Extreme
weather in small catchments,
consequences for transport
infrastructure and peri‐urban
settlementsObjective/goals:Suggest measures for site‐specific
risk reduction related to extreme
weather; flooding along roads,
railroads and buildings in peri‐urban
areas. Develop tools for improved
land‐use management and planning.