Cooking on a Poverty Budget

Simple chemistry –it’s relation to Basic Cooking

Team Members... Teri Spivey &Tessa Capel May 9, 2013

Serving Washington County Families & Children

• Families and children from life sources will learn basic chemistry concepts through cooking with recipes.

• We will provide simple instruction to the families to help them prepare meals using basic commodities available to them. We will do this in a fun atmosphere providing simple relations to how chemistry can be taught through cooking in the kitchen.

• The families will be provided a cookbook filled with easy to prepare, healthy meals that can be done on a low income budget.

Chemistry in the Kitchen

• By providing recipes to the children and families can plan and cook using the basic commodity items they receive, participants will learn basic cooking definitions as well as simple chemistry definitions.

• They will practice math skills while cooking and learn to convert measurements.

• These skills will be enforced by onsite cooking demonstration where the kids will help with the measuring and preparation of the meal

Mass to Grams

Unit (Symbol)

Quantity Examples Uses

milliliter (ml)

Smaller volumes About the volume of a kidney bean

For measuring most liquids. Not used very often for non-liquids. For quantities larger than about 1000 ml, the liter is normally

used.

liter (l) Large volumes Slightly more than 1 quart

For measuring larger amounts of liquids or the volume of pots, mixing bowls, etc. Liters

are not usually used for measuring dry ingredients. Note that one liter is the same

as 1000 ml.

gram (g) Smaller weights About the weight of a kidney bean

For measuring the majority of non-liquid ingredients, including flour, sugar, meats, cheeses, butter, etc. For quantities larger than 1000 g, the kilogram is usually used.

kilogram (kg)

Large weights A bunch of grapes or a large loaf of bread

For measuring larger quantities of non-liquid ingredients, including meats, fruits,

and vegetables. Note that 1 kg is the same as 1000 g.

centimeter (cm)

Length About the width of the nail on your little finger Any time a traditional American recipe gives something in inches, the metric recipe will

probably specify centimeters.

millimeter (mm)

Length About the thickness of uncooked angel hair pasta

In the kitchen, millimeters are most likely to be used for measuring very small lengths.

Note that 10 mm are the same as 1 cm.

QUICK POTATOE SOUP

3 med potatoes, peeled cubed into ½ in squares 1 medium onion 1/3 cup water 1 (10 ¾ oz.) cream of celery soup 2 c water Salt/pepper to taste Precook potatoes / onion with 1/3 cup water for 5 min (or till soft) Pour celery soup into 3 qtr. saucepan—add 2 cup water, potatoes, onion, stir—simmer low 3 min Add salt / pepper Serve

PURPLE COW JUICE

1 c whole milk 2 scoops ice cream ¼ c grape juice

SPINACH DIP 10 oz. frozen chopped spinach 16 oz. sour cream 1 c mayo 1pkg dry veg. mix Favorite round bread/crackers Mix spinach, SC, mayo veg mix, let sit for 20 minutes Serve with bread

BEST EVER PANCAKES

2 cups flour 2 tbsp. sugar

½ tsp. salt 1 tsp. baking powder ½ tsp. baking soda

1 cup buttermilk ¾ cup milk

2 large eggs (separated) ¼ cup melted butter

Vegetable oil In large bowl combine: flour, sugar, salt, baking soda and baking powder.

In medium bowl combine: buttermilk, milk, egg yolks and butter…whisk together. Beat egg whites in separate bowl until stiff peaks form…mix in 1st and 2nd batters…heat skillet (until drops of water dance in pan)..Cook and serve.

Delicious melt in your mouth pancakes!!

7 LAYER BEAN DIP

1 head iceberg lettuce (torn) 1 large tomato (chopped) 1 red onion (chopped) 1 package favorite shredded cheese 1-2 cans of refried beans 1 jar salsa 1 package taco seasoning Sour cream / guacamole Olives (optional) Mix sour cream with taco seasoning place in fridge for 30 minutes. Heat beans and salsa then spread in pan…top with sour cream mixture. Layer remaining ingredients: lettuce, onion, tomatoes, guacamole, cheese and olives. Now ready to serve!!

Unit (Symbol) Quantity Examples Uses

milliliter (ml) Smaller volumes

About the volume of a kidney bean

For measuring most liquids. Not used very often for non-liquids. For

quantities larger than about 1000 ml, the liter is normally used.

liter (l) Large volumes Slightly more than 1 quart

For measuring larger amounts of liquids or the volume of pots, mixing bowls,

etc. Liters are not usually used for measuring dry ingredients. Note that

one liter is the same as 1000 ml.

gram (g) Smaller weights

About the weight of a kidney bean

For measuring the majority of non-liquid ingredients, including flour,

sugar, meats, cheeses, butter, etc. For quantities larger than 1000 g, the kilogram is usually used.

kilogram (kg) Large weights A bunch of grapes or a large loaf of bread

For measuring larger quantities of non-liquid ingredients, including meats,

fruits, and vegetables. Note that 1 kg is the same as 1000 g.

centimeter (cm) Length About the width of the nail on your little

finger

Any time a traditional American recipe gives something in inches, the metric

recipe will probably specify centimeters.

millimeter (mm) Length About the thickness of uncooked angel hair

pasta

In the kitchen, millimeters are most likely to be used for measuring very

small lengths. Note that 10 mm are the same as 1 cm.

Everything in the world is solid , liquid , or gas!

Volume

Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space occupied by a liquid, solid, or gas.

Common units used to express volume include liters, cubic meters, gallons, milliliters, teaspoons and ounces.

Many other units exist.

Super Heating

Vapor pressure must exceed the ambient pressure plus a small amount of pressure induced by surface tension for boiling to occur

Superheating is when a liquid is heated to a higher temperature than its boiling point , without boiling It is achieved by heating a homogeneous substance in a clean container free of nucleation sites, and not disturbing the liquid.

FUN EGG FACTS http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=wXCDeqjWuDg

Unit: Equals: Also equals:

1 tsp. 1/6 fl. oz. 1/3 Tbsp.

1 Tbsp. ½ fl. oz. 3 tsp.

1/8 cup 1 fl. oz. 2 Tbsp.

¼ cup 2 fl. oz. 4 Tbsp.

1/3 cup 2¾ fl. oz. ¼ cup plus 4 tsp.

½ cup 4 fl. oz. 8 Tbsp.

1 cup 8 fl. oz. ½ pint

1 pint 16 fl. oz. 2 cups

1 quart 32 fl. oz. 2 pints

1 liter 34 fl. oz. 1 quart plus ¼ cup

1 gallon 128 fl. oz. 4 quarts

Artificial Flavoring and Color --

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=STLAJH7_zkY

Food Coloring Diffusion

Chemical enhancers that are added to food for better flavoring or color.

Mixing different varieties of food coloring along with sugar, water and a waxy base, ... set out small droplets of liquid on a white plastic sheet outside in a garden and let the ants do the rest.

“As the ant’s abdomen is semi-transparent, the ants gain the colors as they sip the liquid,”

Here's How: Line up five glasses. Add 1 tablespoon (15 g) of sugar to the first glass, 2 tablespoons (30 g) of sugar to the second glass, 3 tablespoons of sugar (45 g) to the third glass, and 4 tablespoons of sugar (60 g) to

the fourth glass. The fifth glass remains empty.

Add 3 tablespoons (45 ml) of water to each of the first 4 glasses. Stir each solution. If the sugar does not dissolve in any of the four glasses, then add one more tablespoon (15 ml) of water to each of the four

glasses.

Add 2-3 drops of red food coloring to the first glass, yellow food coloring to the second glass, green food coloring to the third glass, and blue food coloring to the fourth glass. Stir each solution.

Now let's make a rainbow using the different density solutions. Fill the last glass about one-fourth full of the blue sugar solution.

Carefully layer some green sugar solution above the blue liquid. Do this by putting a spoon in the glass, just above the blue layer, and pouring the green solution slowly over the back of the spoon. If you do this

right, you won't disturb the blue solution much at all. Add green solution until the glass is about half full.

Now layer the yellow solution above the green liquid, using the back of the spoon. Fill the glass to three-quarters full.

Finally, layer the red solution above the yellow liquid. Fill the glass the rest of the way.

Tips:

The sugar solutions are miscible, or mixable, so the colors will bleed into each other and eventually mix.

If you stir the rainbow, what will happen? Because this density column is made with different concentrations of the same chemical (sugar or sucrose), stirring would mix the solution. It would not un-mix, like you

would see with oil and water.

Try to avoid using gel food colorings. As you can see in my photo, it is difficult for young children to mix them into the solution.

If your sugar won't dissolve, an alternative to adding more water is to nuke the solutions for about 30 seconds in the microwave or to use warm water in the first place. If you heat the water, use care to avoid

burns.

If you want to make layers you can drink, try substituting unsweetened soft drink mix for the food coloring, or four flavors of sweetened mix for the sugar plus coloring.

What You Need

sugar

water

food coloring

tablespoon

5 glasses or clear plastic cups

Make a rainbow-colored liquid density column. This project is very pretty, plus it's safe enough to drink. Experiment Materials: sugar, water, food coloring, a glass

EGG VOLCANO FUN…ERUPTION • Simple egg experiment for children

• This is very simple, all you have to do is crack the top of the egg a little and peel the shell off, then wash the inside of the egg with warm water.

• Next fill the egg with some Kool-Aid and baking soda.

• Then add the vinegar and you have your egg volcano.

• To hold the eggs we used our egg carton cut in half.

REDUCE RECYCLE AND RE USE!

After you are done you can wash the eggs out and can reuse it for the kids to do it again later.

Lessons in regards to chemistry

• Volume – solids, liquids , gases

• Conversion of scientific units to cooking units

• Energy to calories

• Grams in Tablespoons

• Avogadro’s number

PHYSICAL

QUANTITY NAME OF

UNIT ABBREVIATI

ON

Mass Kilogram kg

Length Meter m

Time Second s

Temperature Kelvin K

Amount of

Substance Mole mol

Electric Current Ampere A

Luminous

Intensity Candela cd

Cooking with Chemistry • Introduce lesson

•Gather supplies

•Prepare meal with lesson

Cooking and

Chemistry

introduction

Gather materials

Prepare meal...teach

lesson

Conversion Chart Volume in solids, liquids and gases

Dry Measurement Equivalents

1 ounce = 28.35 grams

2 oz. = 55 g

3 oz. = 85 g

4 oz. = 1/4 pound = 125 g

8 oz. = 1/2 lb. = 240 g

12 oz. = 3/4 lb. = 375 g

16 oz. = 1 lb. = 454 g

32 oz. = 2 lb. = 907 g

1 kilogram = 2.2 lb. = 1000 g

Liquid Measurement Equivalents 1 teaspoon = 1/3 Tablespoon

1 Tbsp. = 1/2 FL oz. = 3 tsp.

1 Tbsp. = 1 fl oz. = 1/8 c./6 tsp.

1/4 c = 2 fl oz. = 4 Tbsp.

1/3 c = 2 2/3 fl oz.= 5 Tbsp. + 1 tsp.

1/2 c = 4 fl oz. = 8 Tbsp.

2/3 c = 5 1/3 fl oz.= 10 Tbsp. + 2 tsp.

3/4 c = 6 fl oz. = 12 Tbsp.

7/8 c = 7 fl oz. = 14 Tbsp.

1 c = 8 fl oz. = 1/2 pint = 16 Tbsp.

2 c = 16 fl oz. = 1 pint = 32 Tbsp.

4 c = 32 fl oz. = 2 pints = 1 quart

8 pints =4 quarts = 1 gallon

1 liter = 1.075 quarts

1 gallon = 128 fl oz.

Conversion of Scientific Units into Cooking Units

Scientific Units

Cooking Units

Unit: Equals: Also equals:

1 tsp. 1/6 fl. oz. 1/3 Tbsp.

1 Tbsp. ½ fl. oz. 3 tsp.

1/8 cup 1 fl. oz. 2 Tbsp.

¼ cup 2 fl. oz. 4 Tbsp.

1/3 cup 2¾ fl. oz. ¼ cup plus 4 tsp.

½ cup 4 fl. oz. 8 Tbsp.

1 cup 8 fl. oz. ½ pint

1 pint 16 fl. oz. 2 cups

1 quart 32 fl. oz. 2 pints

1 liter 34 fl. oz. 1 quart plus ¼ cup

1 gallon 128 fl. oz. 4 quarts

Grams per Teaspoon? G\per Table spoon?

Unit: Equals: Also equals:

1 tsp. 1/6 fl. oz. 1/3 Tbsp.

1 Tbsp. ½ fl. oz. 3 tsp.

1/8 cup 1 fl. oz. 2 Tbsp.

¼ cup 2 fl. oz. 4 Tbsp.

1/3 cup 2¾ fl. oz. ¼ cup plus 4 tsp.

½ cup 4 fl. oz. 8 Tbsp.

1 cup 8 fl. oz. ½ pint

1 pint 16 fl. oz. 2 cups

1 quart 32 fl. oz. 2 pints

1 liter 34 fl. oz. 1 quart plus ¼ cup

1 gallon 128 fl. oz. 4 quarts

1 calorie = 4.184 Joules

Measurements used in cooking

Unit: Equals: Also equals:

1 tsp. 1/6 fl. oz. 1/3 Tbsp.

1 Tbsp. ½ fl. oz. 3 tsp.

1/8 cup 1 f l. oz. 2 Tbsp.

¼ cup 2 fl. oz. 4 Tbsp.

1/3 cup 2¾ fl. oz. ¼ cup plus 4 tsp.

½ cup 4 fl. oz. 8 Tbsp.

1 cup 8 fl. oz. ½ pint

1 pint 16 fl. oz. 2 cups

1 quart 32 fl. oz. 2 pints

Cooking Conversion Chart

PHYSICAL QUANTITY NAME OF UNIT ABBREVIATION

Mass Kilogram kg Length Meter m Time Second s

Temperature Kelvin K Amount of Substance Mole mol

Electric Current Ampere A Luminous Intensity Candela cd

SI Base Units

The SI contains seven BASE UNITS that each represent a different kind of physical quantity. These are commonly used as a convention.

SI Derived Units

Derived Units are created by mathematical relationships between other Base Units, and are expressed in a combination of fundamental and base quantities.

DERIVED

QUANTITY NAME ABBREVIATION

Area Square Meter m2

Volume Cubic Meter m3

Mass Density Kilogram Per

Cubic Meter kg/m3

Specific Volume Cubic Meter Per

Kilogram m3/kg

Celsius

Temperature degree Celsius oC

Temperature in the metric system is usually

measured in degrees Celsius (°C). This is the

one quantity that many American cooks may

need to know in customary units (°F), since

most ovens in the U.S. don't have a Celsius

scale. Here is a table with some common

temperatures in °C.

Temperature

Description

0° C Water freezes

21° C Room

temperature

30° C Good beach

weather

37° C Body

temperature

100° C Water boils

200° C A hot oven

Unit Prefixes Metric units use a prefix, used for conversion from or to an SI unit.

Below is a chart illustrating how prefixes are labeled in metric measurements.

SYMBOL PREFIX MULTIPLICATION

FACTOR

T Tera 10 12

G Giga 10 9

M Mega 10 6

k Kilo 10 3

h Hecto 10 2

da Deka 10 1

d Deci 10 -1

c Centi 10 -2

m Milli 10 -3

µ Micro 10 -6

n Nano 10 -9

p Pico 10 -12

Just like a dozen is 12 things, a mole is simply Avogadro's number of things. In chemistry, those "things" are atoms or molecules.

6.0221415 × 1023.

Avogadro's number is named in honor of Amedeo Avogadro.

Born in Italy in 1776, Avogadro grew up during an important period in the development of chemistry. Chemists like John Dalton and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac were beginning to understand the basic properties of atoms and molecules, and they hotly debated how these infinitesimally small particles behaved. Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes particularly interested Avogadro. The law stated that when two volumes of gases react with one another to create a third gas, the ratio between the volume of the reactants and the volume of the product is always made of simple whole numbers. Here's an example: Two volumes of hydrogen gas combine with one volume of oxygen gas to form two volumes of water vapor (at least when temperatures are high enough) with nothing left over, or: 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O

Avogadro deduced that in order for this to be true, equal volumes of any two gases at the same temperature and pressure must hold an equal number of particles (Avogadro's law). And the only way to explain that this law could be true for any example, including the one we just mentioned, is if there was a difference between atoms and molecules and that some elements, like oxygen, actually exist as molecules (in oxygen’s case, O2 rather than simply O)

Sources Cited http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Quantifying_Nature/Units_of_Measure/SI_Units http://www.spiraxsarco.com/resources/steam-engineering-tutorials/steam-engineering-principles-and-heat-transfer/engineering-units.asp http://www.howstuffworks.com/avogadros-number.htm https://www.google.com/search?q=images+of+conversion+of+mass+to+grams&newwindow=1&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=jCx2UejqNsaErQHVyoCYCg&ved=0CDcQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=643#imgrc=ueDPW_0FGQuTtM%3A%3BtZvvkNzgXUvaoM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fstatic.studyladder.com%252Fcdn%252Fcourse%252Feb%252F9a5b205149e5.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.studyladder.com%252Flearn%252Fmathematics%252Factivity%252F4593%3B686%3B506 http://www.csgnetwork.com/cookmeasuretable.html