Convertible Bond .

• Convertible Bond

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Types of business entity - Peru

1 Those conditions state there must be a primary public offering of shares or

convertible bonds in stocks, which are held by more than 750

shareholders, more than 35% of its capital belonging to 175

shareholders, or that all shareholders entitled to vote approve the adjustment to the scheme


SK Telecom - China

1 In 2006, SK Telecom bought $1 billion worth of convertible bonds of China Unicom Hong

Kong, a China Unicom enterprise and agreed to cooperate in joint sourcing of

handsets, development of additional services, platform development, marketing

and distribution, customer relationship management, and network development.

One result of this partnership is jointly developing handsets to be sourced by

Samsung, LG, and Motorola.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

ISO 10962 - Structure of CFI Code

1 The second character refers to specific groups within each category. For example, the subdivisions of the

Equities category are: ordinary shares, preferred/preference shares, units, and others, while for the Debt

instruments category, the subdivisions are: bonds, convertible bonds, money market instruments,

and others. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

CBSSports.com - SportsLine

1 In 1998, SportsLine raised $150 million in a secondary offering and in

1999 raised $150 million in a convertible bond offering


Rio Tinto Group - Chinalco investment

1 The proposed investment structure reportedly involves $12.3billion for the purchase of ownership interests

of Rio Tinto assets in its iron ore, copper, and aluminium operations,

plus $7.2billion for convertible bonds


Rio Tinto Group - Chinalco investment

1 Rio Tinto is believed to have pursued this combined asset and convertible bond sale to

raise cash to satisfy its debt obligations, which require payments of $9.0billion in

October 2009 and $10.5billion by the end of 2010. The company has also noted China's

increasing appetite for commodities, and the potential for increased opportunities to

exploit these market trends, as a key factor in recommending the transaction to its

shareholders.


1worldspace - Bankruptcy

1 The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on Friday, October 17, 2008. The reorganization includes a 90-day $13 million

debtor-in-possession financing approach, with the hopes of obtaining added funds to repay senior secured notes and convertible bond|

convertible notes. The company's wholly owned India affiliate was not covered by the

bankruptcy filing.Aviation Week Space Technology Vol. 169 No. Oct 16, 27. 2008,

WorldSpace Bankruptcy, p. 19.


International Finance Corporation - Investment services

1 The portfolio is widely distributed across all regions including Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Middle East, and recently has invested in Small Enterprise

Assistance Funds' (SEAF) Caucasus Growth Fund,[ http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/pressroom/IFCPressRoom.nsf/0/2412B48CEDCF3A1B852579D1004E0DC0 IFC, Partners Support Small and

Medium Enterprises in the Caucasus] Aureos Capital's Kula Fund II (Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Pacific Islands)[

http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/spiwebsite1.nsf/0/0A26EA152DE53C18852576BA000E2CA9 IFC Kula Fund II] and Leopard Capital’s Haiti Fund.

[ http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/Pressroom/IFCPressRoom.nsf/0/064AE6000F1E9D8A852579CD00517278 IFC's First Private Equity Investment

in Haiti Supports Reconstruction and Job Creation] Other equity investments made by the IFC include preferred stock|preferred

equity, convertible bond|convertible loans, and participation loans


Hedge funds - Structure

1 The prime broker acts as a counterparty to Derivative (finance)|

derivative contracts, and lends securities for particular investment

strategies, such as Long/short equity|long/short equities and Convertible

arbitrage|convertible bond arbitrage


Suzlon Energy - History

1 It has to redeem 500 million worth of FCCB's(foreign currency convertible

bonds)in 2012 in tranches of 300 million in June and 200 million in

October respectively.


Japanese asset price bubble - Changes in the bank behaviour

1 convertible bonds, bonds with Warrant (finance)|warrants

etc.)


Bain Capital - Sankaty Advisors

1 With $15.7 billion of assets under management, Sankaty invests in a wide variety of securities, including leverage (finance)|leveraged loans,

high-yield bonds, distressed securities, mezzanine debt,

convertible bonds, structured products and equity investments


CIBC World Markets - Sale to Oppenheimer Co. (Fahnestock Viner)

1 Investment Banking, Corporate Syndicate, Institutional Sales and Trading, Equity Research, Options Trading and a portion of the Debt Capital Markets business which

includes Convertible Bond Trading, Loan Syndication, High Yield

Origination and Trading as well as related operations located in the UK,

Israel and Hong Konghttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

KBC Bank - KBC Bank NV

1 KBC Bank also has investment banking operations in Europe, US and

Asia. A specialist arm called KBC Financial Products operates primarily

in global convertible bonds; its branch in Japan is called KBC

Securities Japan, which specialises in secondary equity broking,

convertible bonds, warrants, and equity derivatives.


Private equity - Growth capital

1 PIPE investments are typically made in the form of a Convertible bond|convertible or preferred stock|preferred security that

is unregistered for a certain period of time.[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpag

e.html?res=9E0CE1DB1031F936A35755C0A9629C8B63 When Private Mixes With Public; A Financing Technique Grows More Popular

and Also Raises Concerns]


Société Générale - 1990s 2000s

1 Bolstered by a sound client base and a recognised capacity for innovation borne

out by the league tables (the Group is ranked among the global leaders in equity

derivatives, convertible bonds, export finance, etc.), Société Générale is looking to develop its MA, advisory and IPO activities through the acquisition of specialised firms (SG Hambros in the United Kingdom, Barr

Devlin in the United States).


ISO 10962 - Structure of CFI Code

1 * The second character refers to specific groups within each category. For example, the subdivisions of the

Equities category are: ordinary shares, preferred/preference shares, units, and others, while for the Debt

instruments category, the subdivisions are: bonds, convertible bonds, money market instruments,

and others. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

BNP Paribas CIB - Structure of BNP Paribas CIB

1 * 'Corporate Finance:' BNP Paribas' Corporate Finance team performs most of the traditional investment

banking functions of the group including mergers and acquisitions

advisory, and equity raising operations such as Initial Public

Offering|Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), rights issues, and convertible bonds|

convertible bond issues.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Mathematical finance - Derivatives pricing: the Q world

1 The goal of derivatives pricing is to determine the fair price of a given security in terms of more market

liquidity|liquid securities whose price is determined by the law of supply and demand. The meaning of fair

depends, of course, on whether one considers buying or selling the

security. Examples of securities being priced are option (finance)|plain

vanilla and exotic options, convertible bonds, etc.


Credit rating agency - Ratings use in bond market

1 The process and criteria for rating a convertible bond is similar, although

different enough that bonds and convertible bonds issued by the

same entity may still receive different ratings


HealthSouth - Recovery and the new HealthSouth

1 Another issue that was immediately addressed by the board was the

means by which it obtain the cash for interest payments of senior bonds and principal payments due on a

$344 million convertible bond


Income statement - Earnings per share

1 * 'Diluted': in this case “weighted average of shares outstanding” is calculated as if all stock options, warrants, convertible bonds, and

other securities that could be transformed into shares are

transformed. This increases the number of shares and so EPS

decreases. 'Diluted EPS is considered to be a more reliable way to measure

EPS.'https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Sino-Forest Corporation - Subsidiaries

1 Sino-Forest Corporation owns an interest of approximately 60% of Omnicorp

Limited (to be renamed Greenheart Group Limited upon shareholder approval), a

Hong Kong listed company (HK:0094). In addition, Sino-Forest owns HK$212 million of convertible bonds of Omnicorp, which if

fully converted would increase Sino-Forest’s interest to nearly 60% of the

enlarged issued share capital of Omnicorp.


Exotic option - Features

1 Even products traded actively in the market can have the characteristics of exotic options, such as convertible bonds, whose valuation can depend on the price and Volatility (finance)|

volatility of the underlying Stock|equity, the credit rating, the level and Volatility (finance)|volatility of interest rates, and the correlations

between these factors.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Bond (finance) - Types

1 * Convertible bonds lets a bondholder exchange a bond to a number of shares of the issuer's

common stock.


Capital structure - Arbitrage

1 If the spread (the difference between the convertible and the non-

convertible bonds) grows excessively, then the capital-

structure arbitrageur will bet that it will converge.


Commercial banking - Unsecured loan

1 Some corporate bonds have an embedded call option that allows the issuer to redeem the debt before its maturity date. Other bonds, known

as convertible bonds, allow investors to convert the bond into equity.


Securities research

1 Fixed income analysts are also often subdivided by asset class—among the fixed income asset classes with

the most analyst coverage are convertible bonds, high yield bonds (see high-yield debt), and distressed

bonds (see distressed securities)


Structured products - Origin

1 Investment banks then decided to add features to the basic convertible bond, such as increased income in

exchange for limits on the convertibility of the stock, or

principal protection


Yield (finance)

1 In finance, the term 'yield' describes the amount in cash (in percent terms) that returns to the

owners of a security (finance)|security. Normally, it does not include the price

variations, at the difference of the total Return (finance)|return. Yield applies to various stated

rates of return on stocks (common and preferred, and Convertible bond|convertible), fixed income instruments (bonds, notes, bills,

strips, zero coupon), and some other investment type insurance products (e.g. annuities).


Mezzanine capital - Structure

1 *'Ownership' — Along with the typical interest payment associated with debt, mezzanine capital will often

include an Stock|equity stake in the form of attached warrant (finance)|

warrants or a conversion feature similar to that of a convertible bond.

The ownership component in mezzanine securities is almost

always accompanied by either cash interest or PIK interest, and, in many

cases, by both.


Stock dilution

1 This increase in the number of shares outstanding can result from a

primary market offering (including an initial public offering), employees

exercising employee stock options|stock options, or by conversion of

convertible bonds, preferred shares or warrant (finance)|warrants into

stock


Convertible bond

1 Convertible bonds are most often issued by companies with a low credit rating and high growth

potential.


Convertible bond

1 These properties lead naturally to the idea of convertible arbitrage,

where a long position in the convertible bond is balanced by a short position in the underlying

equity.


Convertible bond

1 From the issuer's perspective, the key benefit of raising money by selling convertible bonds is a reduced cash interest payment. The advantage for companies of issuing convertible bonds is

that, if the bonds are converted to stocks, companies' debt vanishes. However, in

exchange for the benefit of reduced interest payments, the value of shareholder's equity is

reduced due to the stock dilution expected when bondholders convert their Bond (finance)|

bonds into new shares.


Convertible bond - Types

1 *'Vanilla convertible bonds' are the most plain convertible

structures


Convertible bond - Additional features

1 Any convertible bond structure, on top of its type, would bear a certain

range of additional features as defined in its issuance prospectus:



1 *Conversion ratio: The number of shares each convertible bond

converts into. It may be expressed per bond or on a per centum (per

100) basis.



1 *Coupon: Periodic interest payment paid to the convertible bond holder from the issuer. Could be fixed or

variable or equal to zero.



1 *Yield: Yield of the convertible bond at the issuance date, could be

different from the coupon value if the bond is offering a premium

redemption. In those cases the yield value would determine the premium redeption value and intermediary put

redemption value.



1 *Contingent conversion (aka CoCo): Restrict the ability of the convertible bondholders to convert into equities



1 *Change of control event (aka Ratchet): Conversion price would be readjusted in case

of a take-over on the underlying company. There are many subtype of ratchet formula (e.g. Make-whole base, time dependent...), their impact for the bondholder could be

small (e.g. ClubMed, 2013) to significant (e.g. Aegis, 2012). Often, this clause would grant

as well the ability for the convertible bondholders to put i.e. ask for the early

repayment of their bonds.


Convertible bond - Structure and terminology

1 Due to their relative complexity, the convertible investors could refers to the following terms while describing

a convertible bonds:



1 typical in the case of the Sukuk, Islamic convertible bonds, needing a specific legal setup to be compliant

with the Islamic law).



1 *Synthetic: synthetically structured convertible bond issued by an investment bank to replicate

a convertible payoff on a specific underlying. Most reverse convertibles are synthetics. Please note the Packaged Convertibles (e.g. Siemens 17 DE000A1G0WA1) are not considered to be synthetics since the issuer would not be an Investment Bank: they would only act as

underwriter. Similarly, replicated structure using straight bonds and options would be considered

as a package structure.


Convertible bond - Markets and Investor profiles

1 The global convertible bond market is a relatively small with about 400 bn USD (as of Jan 2013, excluding synthetics), as a comparison the straight corporate bond market would be about 14,000 bn USD.

Among those 400 bn, about 320 bn USD are Vanilla convertible bonds,

the largest sub-segment of the asset class.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Convertible bond - Markets and Investor profiles

1 *Hedged/Arbitrage/Swap investors: Proprietary trading desk or hedged-

funds using as core strategy Convertible Arbitrage which consists

in, for its most basic iteration, as being long the convertible bonds while being short the underlying

stock


Convertible bond - Valuation

1 The 3 main stages of convertible bond behaviour

are:


Convertible bond - Valuation

1 From a valuation perspective, a convertible bond consists of two

assets: a Bond (finance)|bond and a warrant (finance)|warrant. Valuing a convertible requires an assumption

of


Convertible bond - Uses for investors

1 *Convertible bonds are usually issued offering a higher yield than

obtainable on the shares into which the bonds convert.



1 *Convertible bonds are safer than preferred stock|preferred or common shares for the investor. They provide asset protection, because the value of the convertible bond will only fall to the value of the bond floor. At the same time, convertible bonds can

provide the possibility of high equity-like returns.



1 *Also, convertible bonds are usually less volatile than regular shares.

Indeed, a convertible bond behaves like a call option. Therefore, if C is

the call price and S the regular share then


Weighted average cost of capital

1 Companies raise money from a number of sources: common equity,

preferred stock, straight debt, Convertible bond|convertible debt, Exchangeable bond|exchangeable debt, Warrant (finance)|warrants, Option (finance)|options, Pension|pension liabilities, executive stock

options, governmental subsidies, and so onhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Mortgage law - Renaissance and after

1 Attempts by the lender to carry an equity interest in the property in a

manner similar to convertible bonds through contract have been therefore struck down by courts as clogs, but

developments in the 1980s and 1990s have led to less rigid

enforcement of this principle, particularly due to interest among

theorists in returning to a freedom of contract regime.Shanker M


Exchangeable bond

1 A convertible bond gives the holder the option to convert bond into shares of the

issuer.


Exchangeable bond

1 The pricing of an exchangeable bond is similar to that of convertible bond,[http://faculty.gsm.ucdavis.edu/~bmb

arber/Paper%20Folder/FM%20Exchangeable%20Debt.pdf

Exchangeable Debt] splitting it in straight debt part and an embedded

option part and valuing the two separately.


Debenture - Convertibility

1 As a result of the advantage a buyer gets from the ability to convert, convertible bonds typically have

lower interest rates than non-convertible corporate bonds.


Indenture - Modern usage

1 'Bond indenture' (also 'trust indenture' or 'deed of trust') is a legal document issued to lenders and describes key terms such as the

interest rate, maturity date, convertible bond|convertibility, pledge, promises,

representations, covenants, and other terms of the bond offering. When the Prospectus

(finance)|offering memorandum is prepared in advance of marketing a bond, the

indenture will typically be summarised in the description of notes section.


Trader (finance)

1 According to the Wall Street Journal in 2004, a managing director

convertible bond trader was earning between $700,000 and $900,000 on average.[http://online.wsj.com/article

/SB113141870174290857.html Street's Weather: Bonus Showers -

WSJ.com]


BNP Paribas - Corporate and investment banking

1 * 'Investment Banking:' BNP Paribas' Corporate Finance team performs most of the traditional investment

banking functions of the group including mergers and acquisitions

advisory, and equity raising operations such as Initial Public

Offering|Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), rights issues, and convertible bond

issues.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Fortis (finance) - Post-Leterme I developments

1 Het Financieele Dagblad reports that Hessels, acting chairman of the board of Fortis, expects additional

payments from the Dutch government: it concerns €2 billion

worth of convertible bonds, which are due to be converted in 2010 into Fortis's shares at a fixed price of

€18.74 per share


Euronext Paris - Structure and indices

1 The SBF-FCI index is based on a selection of convertible bonds that represent at least 70% of the total

capitalization of this market, calculated twice daily


Relative value (economics) - In hedge funds

1 Some hedge funds engage principally in arbitrage strategies in the global equity and corporate debt markets by taking advantage of mispricings

between two related and often correlated securities. Typical

arbitrage strategies include: fixed income arbitrage, convertible

arbitrage|convertible bond arbitrage, statistical arbitrage, and derivative

arbitrage.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Convertible arbitrage

1 The premise of the strategy is that the convertible is sometimes priced

inefficiently relative to the underlying stock, for reasons that range from illiquidity to market psychology. In

particular, the equity option embedded option|embedded in the

convertible bond may be a source of cheap volatility (finance)|volatility, which convertible arbitrageurs can

then exploit.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Convertible arbitrage - Risks

1 In the Black Monday (1987)|1987 stock market crash, however, many

convertible bonds declined more than the stocks into which they were convertible, apparently for liquidity

reasons, with the market for the stocks being much more liquid than the relatively small market for the

bonds


Convertible security

1 Convertible securities may be convertible bonds or preferred stocks that pay regular interest and can be

converted into shares of common stock (sometimes conditioned on the

stock price appreciating to a predetermined level)


Bond option - Embedded options

1 *Convertible bond: allows the holder to demand conversion of bonds into

the stock of the issuer at a predetermined price at a certain time

period in future.


Hybrid security - Examples

1 * A convertible bond is a Bond (finance)|bond (i.e. a loan to the

issuer) that can be converted into common share (finance)|shares of

the issuer. A convertible bond can be valued as a combination of a straight bond and an Option (finance)|option

to purchase the company's stock.


NYSE Euronext - Euronext

1 Euronext is the first integrated cross-border exchange, combining the stock exchanges of Amsterdam, Paris, Brussels and Lisbon into a single market. Issuers who meet European Union regulatory standards are qualified for listing on the regulated markets operated by

Euronext. The company's exchanges list a wide variety of securities, including domestic

and international equity securities, convertible bonds, warrants, trackers and debt securities, including corporate and government bonds.


Jacob Little - Market operations

1 What the traders did not know was that Little had purchased convertible bonds at a company sale in London a few years before; Little entered the

premises, apparently unrushed, carrying an oversize bag of what was

revealed to be those very bonds, which Little had converted to stocks


Jacob Little - Later life and legacy

1 This did much to give credence to convertible

bonds, then still a novelty.


Model risk - Illiquidity and model risk

1 Convertible bonds, mortgage backed securities, and high-yield bonds can

often be illiquid and difficult to value. Hedge funds that trade these

securities can be exposed to model risk when calculating monthly NAV

for its investors.


List of systemically important banks

1 * Max. 1.5% Additional Tier 1 capital (Hybrid security|Hybrid capital, i.e.

Convertible bond|Contingent Convertibles aka CoCos).


List of systemically important banks - SIFI's within each of the EEA member states (both domestic and global)

1 In addition, the new EU rules also requires all instruments recognised in

the Additional Tier 1 capital of any credit institution or investment firm to be Convertible bond|Contingent

Convertibles, where it has to be either written down or converted into Common Equity Tier 1 instruments,

when the Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of the institution falls

below 5.125%.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Outstanding bond - Types

1 * Convertible bonds let a bondholder exchange a bond to a number of

shares of the issuer's common stock. These are known as Hybrid security|

hybrid securities, because they combine Equity (finance)|equity and

debt features.


Callable bond

1 The price behaviour of a callable bond is the opposite of that of

puttable bond. Since call option and put option are not mutually

exclusive, a bond may have both options

embedded.[http://nd.edu/~zda/TeachingNote_ConvertibleBonds.pdf

Teaching Note on Convertible Bonds]


Reverse convertible - How do reverse convertibles work?

1 Note: Coupon rate is determined by issuer. Sometimes holders do expect

zero coupon bond like reverse convertible bonds.


Convertible note - Additional features

1 *Contingent conversion (aka CoCo): Restrict the ability of the convertible bondholders to convert into equities


Borsa Italiana - Operations

1 Borsa Italiana has managing responsibility for Italy's derivative (finance)|derivatives

markets (IDEM and MIF) and its fixed income market (MOT). On the MOT (Electronic

Government Bond and Securities Market), buy and sell contracts are traded on

government securities and nonconvertible Bond (finance)|bonds; the EuroMOT is the Euro-Bond Electronic Market that trades

Eurobonds, bonds from foreign issuers and asset-backed securities.


Borsa Italiana - Structure

1 The stock market is divided into five parts: 1) The electronic share market (MTA) trades Italian share (finance)|

shares, convertible bonds, and warrant (finance)|warrants; the

Covered warrant|covered-warrant market is an electronic share market


Diluted Earnings Per Share

1 'Diluted Earnings Per Share (diluted EPS)' is a company's earnings per share (EPS) calculated using fully diluted shares outstanding (i.e.

including the impact of stock option grants and convertible bonds).

Diluted EPS indicates a worst case scenario, one that reflects the

issuance of stock for all outstanding options, warrants and convertible

securities that would reduce earnings per share.


Diluted Earnings Per Share - U.S. GAAP

1 The numerator used in calculating diluted EPS is adjusted to take into account the impact that the conversion of any securities would

have on earnings. For example, interest would be added back to earnings to reflect

the conversion of any outstanding convertible bonds, preferred dividends would be added back to reflect the conversion of convertible

preferred stock, and any impact of these changes on other financial items, such as

royalties and taxes, would also be adjusted.


Banco Popolare

1 In June 2009 the company became the first Italian bank to receive state

aid from the Politics of Italy|Government of Italy due to the

ongoing Financial crisis of 2007–2010|financial crisis. It sold €1.5 billion in convertible bonds to the

state.


Pecking Order Theory - Profitability and debt ratios

1 That is, they start with debt, then possibly hybrid securities such as convertible bonds, then perhaps

equity as a last resort


Aegon - History

1 On October 28, 2008, the Dutch government and De Nederlandsche Bank agreed to give Aegon a €3 billion capital injection to create a capital buffer in exchange for convertible bonds to ease the group through the Financial crisis of 2007-2008|financial

crisis.[http://www.dnb.nl/en/news-and-publications/news-and-archive/persberichten-2008/dnb190201.jsp Government reinforces AEGON’s capital position by EUR 3 billion] De Nederlandische Bank, 28 October

2008 On June 15, 2011, Aegon fulfilled its key objective of repurchasing all of the €3 billion core

capital securities issued to the Dutch State


Embedded option

1 An 'embedded option' is a component of a bond (finance)|financial bond or other security,

and usually provides the bondholder or the issuer the right to take some action against the other party. There are several types of options

that can be embedded into a bond. Some common types of bonds with embedded options

include callable bond, puttable bond, convertible bond, extendible bond, and

exchangeable bond. A bond may have several options embedded if they are not mutually

exclusive.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Lobster trap (finance)

1 In a lobster trap, the target firm issues a Articles of Incorporation|

charter that prevents individuals with more than 10% ownership of

convertible security|convertible securities (includes convertible

bonds, convertible preferred stock, and warrants) from transferring these

securities to Voting interest|voting stockhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Bond fund - Types

1 Bond funds may also be classified by factors such as type of yield (high income) or term (short, medium,

long) or some other specialty such as zero-coupon bonds, international

bonds, multisector bonds or convertible bonds.


Puttable bond

1 The price behaviour of puttable bonds is the opposite of that of a

callable bond. Since call option and put option are not mutually

exclusive, a bond may have both options

embedded.[http://nd.edu/~zda/TeachingNote_ConvertibleBonds.pdf

Teaching Note on Convertible Bonds]


Business organizations - Peru

1 Those conditions state there must be a primary public offering of shares or

convertible bonds in stocks, which are held by more than 750

shareholders, more than 35% of its capital belonging to 175

shareholders, or that all shareholders entitled to vote approve the adjustment to the scheme


Equity derivative - Convertible bonds

1 Convertible bonds are bonds that can be converted into shares of stock in

the issuing types of companies|company, usually at some pre-announced ratio. It is a hybrid

security with debt- and equity-like features. It can be used by investors

to obtain the upside of equity-like returns while protecting the

downside with regular bond-like coupons.


International Petroleum Investment Company - Company history

1 :2011 IPIC fulfilled its commitment to subscribe for the remaining

mandatory convertible bonds in Aabar and converted those bonds

into equity, increasing its stake from 86.2 per cent. to 93.1 per cent. In addition, IPIC purchased shares of Aabar in the open market, which

further increased its stake from 93.1 per cent. to 95.3 per cent. (now

95.47 per cent.).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Furuno - 2000s

1 * '2006' Developed the 12.1-inch multi-color LCD radar FR-8002 series. Developed FCV-

620, a fish finder with a 5.6-inch LCD for the pleasure boat market. Purchased a 49% stake

in French company SIGNET S.A. and convertible bonds. Established Furuno Europe

as a local subsidiary in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Developed S-VDR (Simplified

Voyage Data Recorder) VR-3000S. Developed ultra sensitive GPS receiver for mobile

communication device market.


Citadel LLC - Kensington and Wellington Funds

1 On December 4, 2008, the Wall Street Journal revealed that the largest Citadel funds lost 13

percent in November, bringing the losses for the year to 47 percent. By comparison the Hedge

Fund Research HFRX US Global Hedge Fund Index is down 22 percent this year. Losses came from positions in convertible bonds, bank loans and

investment grade bonds. Citadel rebounded from its 2008 losses to post a $5 billion profit through

November 2009.http://www.opalesque.com/55926/citadel/re

bounds163.html


Equity Capital Markets

1 Institutions providing ECM services may be involved in initial public

offerings (IPO),convertible bonds, and other services involving

equity.http://www.hsbcnet.com/gbm/products-services/financing/equity-capital-markets.html They may also raise money for a company merge or

acquisition of another company


Qualified institutional placement - QIPs in India and the US

1 Therefore, to encourage domestic securities placements (instead of Currency|foreign currency convertible bonds (FCCBs) and

global or American depository receipts (GDRs or ADRs)), the Securities exchange|Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has with effect from May 8, 2006 inserted Chapter XIIIA into

the SEBI (Disclosure Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000 (the DIP Guidelines), to

provide guidelines for Qualified Institutional Placements (the QIP Scheme).


Michael Milken - High-yield bonds and leveraged buyouts

1 Before long, the CEOs and CFOs of many smaller and mid-sized

companies previously limited to the slow and expensive private-

placement market were making early-morning pilgrimages to Beverly

Hills seeking to issue high-yield and/or convertible bonds through

Drexel Burnham


Trading (finance)

1 According to the Wall Street Journal in 2004, a managing director

convertible bond trader was earning between $700,000 and $900,000 on average.[http://online.wsj.com/article

/SB113141870174290857.html Street's Weather: Bonus Showers -

WSJ.com]


Credit rating agencies - Ratings use in bond market

1 The process and criteria for rating a convertible bond are similar,

although different enough that bonds and convertible bonds issued by the

same entity may still receive different ratings


Asia Television - Ownership shift

1 Tsai has agreed to inject HK$1 billion in the form of convertible bonds.The Standard HK


Bolsa de Madrid

1 'Bolsa de Madrid' (; Madrid Stock Exchange) is the largest and most

international of Spain's four regional stock exchanges (the others are

located in Barcelona, Valencia (city in Spain)|Valencia, and Bilbao) that

trade shares and convertible bonds and fixed income securities, and both government and private-sector debt. Bolsa de Madrid is owned by Bolsas y

Mercados Españoles.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Aabar Investments - UniCredit

1 In June 2010, Aabar bought a 4.99% stake in UniCredit|UniCredit SpA

worth $2.48 billion, becoming the Italian bank’s second biggest

shareholder. The investment is in line with the company's strategy to

invest in financial services. It first invested in UniCredit, the biggest

lender in Central and Eastern Europe, in the bank's 2008 capital increase

through convertible bonds.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-convertible-bond-toolkit.html

Hybrid Investment

1 The two most popular types of Hybrid Investments are Preferred Stock and Convertible Bond (finance)|Bonds.


Hybrid Investment

1 'Convertible Bonds' – Bondholders periodically receive interest

payments. An exchange of bonds for a specified number of equity shares

is acceptable, but only in accordance with the convertible bond covenant.


Finnish banking crisis of 1990s - Government intervention and aftermath

1 In 1992, to stabilize the financial sector and to prevent a credit

crunch, the government gave a 7.1 billion Finnish markka|FIM (€1.2

billion), initially zero-interest convertible bond|convertible loan to

Finnish banks. Most of the banks (with the notable exception of SKOP)

later paid back this loan.


Lazard Capital Markets

1 Lazard Capital Markets focuses its activities on equity research, sales

and trading; fixed-income and convertible bond sales and trading;

and securities underwriting. The firm maintains a business alliance

agreement with Lazard that provides for the continuation of certain

historical business relationships including origination of transactions.


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