7/29/2019 Conversational Implicatures2

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7/29/2019 Conversational Implicatures2

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Generally speaking, conversational implicatures should not be confused with conventional

ones. The latter refer to those which are not derived from the maxims of conversation but

simply attached by convention to particular expressions. Examples of such implicatures

are those attached to words such as ' but ' , 'yet' , 'and'. The meanings conveyed by such

words do not depend on a special context. Their meanings remain the same regardless of

any pragmatic principles. Besides, contrary to conversational implicatures, the meanings

they convey cannot be cancelled. Similarly , a distinction should be drawn between

GENERALIZED and PARTICULARIZED IMPLICATURES.The former refer to those whose

additional conveyed meaning does not require the calculation of any special knowledge in

the context. Their meanings remain constant in all contexts. Contrarily, the latter require

knowledge of the situation and possibly background world knowledge in order to be

inferred. There are other classifications of implicatures, e.g. hedged , scalar , clausal, in

addition to standard implicatures.