Convergence: Islam & Hinduism in India
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Transcript of Convergence: Islam & Hinduism in India
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Convergence in India
Islamic Invaders in Hindu India
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Early Interactions Arab traders had long traded with India Lower Sind (west India) conquered in 711 1000-1500 Muslim invaders spread through
Northern India Southern India politically divided but
relatively stable, peaceful - able to resist Muslim advances
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Sultanate of Delhi Muhmud of Ghazni -
Turkish leader from Afghanistan leads expeditions to n. India
Islamic state established by his successors, limited power outside Delhi
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Map of the Muslim World, 661 AD
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Map of the Muslim World c.A.D.900
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Map of the Muslim World c.A.D. 1100
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Map of the Muslim World c.A.D. 1500
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Early Interactions Two sophisticated
cultures with significant differences
Hinduism - closed, tightly structured, ancient
Muslim community - open, mobile, new
Muslims dominant
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Early Interactions Muslims migrate to
India, live in cities Early interactions
violent Tensions ease over
time, population increases, mosques built
Occasional violence erupts
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Conversions Merchants, government workers Lower castes, untouchables Buddhists - Indian Buddhism failing Sufis set up mosques and schools Hindus did not convert in large numbers
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Influences Muslim Princes adopted Hindu customs
Including claims of divine descent
Caste system adopted by Muslims Indian science, math, medicine influences
Arab scholars Eventually sparks Arab and European scientific
revolutions
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Women Muslim women had
more rights, could divorce, remarry, own land
Muslim custom of purdah transferred to upper Indian castes
Hindu custom of marrying younger transferred to Muslims
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Separation The Hindus believe that there is no country
but theirs, no nation like theirs, no kings like theirs, no religion like theirs, no science like theirs. They are haughty, foolishly vain, self-conceited and stolid.Al-Biruni, chronicler of Muslim conquests
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Separation Interactions within political and economic
spheres Otherwise they lived separately Hindus saw Muslims as inferior
Polluting outcasts Young religion - can’t last Muslims would eventually be integrated