Convergence Access Networks Challenge Gpon
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Transcript of Convergence Access Networks Challenge Gpon
ADVANCED ACCESS NETWORK’STHE CONVERGENCE CHALLENGE
(An Introduction to GPON)
Qasim Y. [email protected] Mobile Convergence Discussion Group LinkedIN
Multiple technologies?High CAPEX?High OPEX?Low Band?High power consumption?Space?Spares?
Currently deployed telecom access network solutions are mostly TDM-based (for narrowband traffic, e.g. legacy telephony) ATM-based (broadband traffic, e.g. ADSL)
The result is a gap between access network technology and service evolution trends
When and how to upgrade AN?
The Choices for Fiber Access• There are 2 choices for Fiber Access:
– Point to Point– Point to Multi-point
• Point to Point is sometimes called Active Ethernet• Point to Multi-point is called PON (passive optical network)
PassiveSplitters
ONT#192ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1
...
PONOLT
ActiveEthernetSwitch
ONU#192ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1ONU #1
...
The Choices for Fiber Access
PassiveSplitters
ONT#192ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1
...
PONOLT
ActiveEthernetSwitch
ONU#192ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1ONU #1
...
PON is analogous to wireless telephony (cellular)
Active Ethernet is analogous to wireline telephony
Both CapEx and OpEx cost savings favor PON
GEPON
GPON
FTTC / VDSL
Active Ethernet
Fiber
?????????
8
Passive Optical Network• No active electronics in the access network• Shared fibre to the splitter• Shared exchange equipment (OLT line card)• Encryption prevents eavesdropping on downstream traffic
TelephoneExchange
Optical Line Terminal, OLT
OpticalNetwork UnitONU
Fibre
Splitter1:32
• In a PON system, a single fiber connects multiple customers toa single transceiver at the central office (CO).
• The single fiber is split, using a passive optical splitter, to serve up to 32,64 soon 128 customers.
• Not only does PON reduce the amount of fiber required, but a single transceiver serves multiple customers instead of requiring one per customer.
PON A SIMPLE VIEW
PON advantagesshared infrastructure translates to lower cost per customer• minimal number of optical transceivers• feeder fiber and transceiver costs divided by N customers• greenfield per-customer cost similar to UTP
passive splitters translate to lower cost• can be installed anywhere• no power needed• essentially unlimited MTBF
fiber data-rates can be upgraded as technology improves• initially 155 Mbps• then 622 Mbps• now 1.25 Gbps• soon 2.5 Gbps and higher
11
Types of PON
Downstream
1490 nm
Upstream
1310 nm
BPON Broadband PON 622 Mbit/s 155 Mbit/s
EPON Ethernet PON 1 Gbit/s 1 Gbit/s
GPON Gigabit PON 2.5 Gbit/s 1.25 Gbit/s
10G-EPON
10 Gbit/s EPON
Due 2010
10 Gbit/s 1/10 Gbit/s
WDM-PON
Wavelength division multiplexed PON
No standard
1 wavelength per premises
No standard
1 wavelength per premises
Dedicated fibre unlimited unlimited
What are PONs, BPONs, and GPONs?
• Passive Optical Networks (PONs) Attributes– Fiber Access Technology with no active elements (i.e. electronic elements that
require no power) in the outside plant.– Uses Passive optical splitters to distribute traffic to the customers.– Consists of an Optical Line Terminator (OLT) located at the CO and many Optical
Network Terminals (ONTs) located at the customer’s premise.• Broadband PON (BPON) Attributes
– Based on mature ITU-T G.983 series standards– Provides up to 1.2Gbps Downstream and 622 Mbps Upstream capacities– Provides a separate wavelength for downstream video transmission
• Gigabit Capable PON (GPON) Attributes– Based on ITU-T G.984 series standards that are in progress– Provides up to 2.5 Gbps capacities for both Downstream and Upstream– Provides more efficient transport for data traffic
PON standards 2006
155 622 24881244
155
622
1244
2488
Upstream (Mb/s)
Downstream(Mb/s)
BPON
GPON
EPON
GPON
GPON DefinitionA Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) provides direct support of TDM and Ethernet traffic in their native formats using the Giga- bit Encapsulation method (GEM.)
GPON also supports all Ethernet protocols as wells as VLANs, quality and class of service, IGMP and other layer 2+ mechanisms required to accommodate various IP-based services.
GPON typically uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for security purposes.
GPON Benefits
• Supports Gigabit or above data rates on the PON• Optimizes the physical layer for
– Higher data rates for BW intensive applications (e.g. IP Video)– Greater Distance - reach more customers from the CO– More Splits - Reach more customers from a single PON
• Offers a more bandwidth efficient protocol for data centric services • Has the capability to support multiple services in their native formats.
–ATM–Packet (e.g. Ethernet) –TDM
The ITU and FSAN• In the late 1990’s a “Clandestine” group of operators was
formed:– Objective: “Global Domination of the Fiber Access Market”– The group called itself FSAN
The FSAN Committee• FSAN stands for Full Service Access Network• Loosely affiliated with the ITU• Develops all PON standards prior to submission to the ITU• FSAN membership consists of both operators and vendors• But operators make all final decisions• Membership of vendors is tightly controlled by FSAN
Operators
PON standards
• FSAN - Full Service Access Network is an organization for standardizing APON, BPON, and GPON in ITU-T G.983.x– FSAN composed of major telco operators worldwide– Standards have been written and are mature– Enhancements continue to be made– Standardized products have begun to enter market
• IEEE - Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) study group is currently working on standardizing EPON– Standards work is ongoing– Initial draft planned by end of 2003– Comprised primarily of vendors with some operator participation
STANDARDS SETTING BODIES
The IEEE• IEEE well known Protocols
– 802.3 Ethernet– 802.11 WiFi– 802.16 WiMAX
• IEEE Membership is diverse– System vendors, chip vendors, optics vendors, industry cunsultants
and academia• IEEE Voting
– Each member gets one vote– No limit to the number of votes from a given company
• “Personality” of IEEE standards reflect interests of Vendors– Often leads to low-cost solution– Often only hits 80% of market– Often doesn’t produce migration strategy
• IEEE standards don’t necessarily reflect Operator Preferences
The ITU• ITU well known Protocols
– SDH– V 5.2– ISDN– VoIP protocols H.248 and H.323
• ITU Membership– Membership controlled by ITU Member-Countries– Membership open to Operators, Institutions, and Vendors
• ITU Voting– Voting is through consent– Each company get one vote– Companies can object (but can’t stall process)
• “Personality” of ITU standards reflect interests of Operators– Addresses the operator requirements– Addresses the operator constraints– Addresses the service provider’s operational models– Not focused solely on low cost– Duration of Standardization Process relatively short
Standards Comparison
ITU (GPON) IEEE (P-P & EPON)
Mission/Objective Full Service Access Network (FSAN)
Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM)
Attendees Service Provider focused Enterprise and consumer market focused
Committee Operating Protocol Carriers drive and approve vendors technical recommendations
One person- One vote
Wavelengths Specified Specified
Maximum PON Speeds 2.4 Gb/s 1.25 Gb/s
Bandwidth efficiency Greater than 90% Less than 75%
Attenuation Range 25 dB 24 dB
QoS Specified Left to vendor
Network synchronization Specified Left to vendor
Security Specified Left to vendor
Major Members Of Full Service Access Network (FSAN)
FSAN Recommends Standards to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
All over the world operators go for PON - PON subscribers will dominate PTP subscribers
Source: Broadband trends, 10/2007
Subs
crib
ers
(000
)
-
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
PONP2P
Worldwide fiber deployments
24
GPON System Architecture
IP
TDMoP GW
TDM
G-Light
G-Light
G-Light
GigE
10GigE
GigE
TDM: STM-1, E1,
GPON Splitters1:81:321:64
G-Light
Residential
Business
SFU
MDU
SBU
MTU
2.41.2
OLT ODN ONUs/ONTsMTU – Multi Tenat UnitSBU – Small Bussiness UnitMDU – Multi-Dwelling Unit - apartment buildingsSFU – Single Family Unit
GPON technology introduction
> Voice, data and video (bi-directional) for 32 (or 64) subscribers over a single fiber> 2.4/1.2 Gb/s data rate over two wavelengths> Up to 20 km (12.4 mi.) span > GEM (packet) based encapsulation on the PON.> In band video support.> FSAN standards compliant OLT and ONT system
20 km (12.4 mi.)
2.4 Gb/s1,490 nm
1,310 nm
Splitters7342 P-OLT
AWS/WAM
Central Office or Remote Terminal
FiberDistribution
PassiveOutside Plant
1.2 Gb/s
The Market Opportunities for GPON• There are Numerous Market Opportunities for GPON
– Lower OpEx– Greater Service Offering– Future-proof investment
• The real question is When and Where does it make economic sense to deploy GPON
• The quickest application appears to be the Developer Market and ‘Smart FTTH’ Communities
PON Fiber in the Access
PON Network Splits Single Fiber Link Into Individual Links to Subscribers
The FTTH Access Network – OLTs In The Central Office, ONUs in CPEs
The FTTH Access Network – OLTs In The Central Office, ONUs in CPEs
Upstream DownstreamMbps
150 100 25 20 10 5 0 5 10 20 25 100 15015
Dial-up
ADSL2+
Cable Modem
VDSL2
FTTH
Next Hosted Applications & Storage
HDTV VOD
Large File Sharing
Telemedicine
Premises Web HostingMulti-Player Gaming, Interactive Distance Learning
Real Time SDTV, Network PVR
File Sharing, Home Video Sharing/Streaming
SDTV VOD, Telecommuting
Video Conferencing, Premises Surveillance
Web Surfing
(per sub)
GPON are premium for ALL services!!!
ADSL2+ can cover the Triple-play service bandwidth requirement.
VDSL2 can cover even the HDTV service !
Consumer’s BandWidth Requirements Met by FTTH
Comparison of DSL, Cable and FTTH Technology Bandwidth
Premise
IMS
IP-TV
VoD
Internet
VPN
Local Exchange
IP/MPLS
2G / 3GBTS
Houses / Villas
Wimax
Office building
Flats
CPE
Flats
Fiber
Passive splitter
Access Node
Edge Node
FIXED ACCESS CORE
Mobile
Premise
IMS
IP-TV
VoD
Internet
VPNVPN
Local Exchange
IP/MPLS
2G / 3GBTS
Houses / Villas
Wimax
Office building
Flats
CPE
Flats
Fiber
Passive splitter
Access Node
Edge Node
Fiber
Passive splitter
Access Node
Edge Node
FIXED ACCESS CORE
MobileMobile
GPON – RIGHT CHOICE FOR UANGPON – RIGHT CHOICE FOR UAN
Fixed Access Development - Overview
FTTH Fixed Access Network Architecture.
GPON BACKHAUL
• LL cost according to distance & bandwidth• Exclude Installation fee, according to
existing cable & office, charge from 700 to 60000Euro
Mobile Broadband Backhaul
Region E1
North America 400USD/Month
Europe ( BT) 700 ~ 1950Euro/M
Japan ( Emobile) 1100USD/Month
Leased Line Cost
• Mobile broadband developing leads to bearing bandwidth increase 50 times, and the cost of backhaul will increase 10 times.
• Data service consume more bandwidth but bring less revenue per bit in mobile broadband era.
• How to reduce the backhaul cost is a big challenge for mobile operator.
Challenge: Conflict of Backhaul Bandwidth Requirement & Cost
GPON Backhaul Solution – Native TDM
• Voice and data flow offload from BTS/NodeB.• OLT forward voice flow to SDH network and data to IP network.• Clock delivered from SDH network through GPON line to BTS/NodeB.• Suitable for operators to reuse SDH network and develop IP network to carry increasing data traffic.
BTS
NodeB
OLT
BSC
RNC
SDH
SGSN
MGWMGCF
CSCF
GMSC
MSC
IPCore
ONT
ONT
GPON Backhaul Solution – ALL IP
SGSN
MGW
BSC
OLT
PTN
RNC
BTS
PTN
NodeB
MGCF
CSCF
GMSC
MSC
MetroEthernet
IPCore
TDM Pseudowire
ONT
ONT
• Suitable for operators to deploy ALL IP backhaul network, and access residential / enterprise subscribers together.
• TDM PWE3,Core and aggregation network is IP,GPON Native TDM mode to carry legacy service.
• Smoothly upgrade from Native TDM solution (SDH) without replacing ONT
SDH
Reference
clock
E1
NodeB
OLT
BSC
GPONATM STM-1
ONT
FE
BTS
Distribute clock through Synchronous Ethernet or E1/STM-1 to Aggr GW
E1
RNC
N*E1
OLT use the clock as system clock OLT distribute clock
through GPON line
CBU recover clock and deliver to NodeB/BTS through E1/BITS or synchronous Ethernet
Input clock to RNC/BSC
N*E1/STM-1
Offload scenario, Distribute clock through SDH network
SDH deliver the Clock synchronization signal to OLT.Saving the investment by reuse existing SDH network.No need any change within the whole networkIt is the most suited clock solution currently as this is readily available in the network.
GE10GE
IP
Synchronization for GPON Backhaul – Option 1
Synchronization for GPON Backhaul – Option 2
BSCBSC
N*E1
TDM N x E1 /ch-STM-1
IP/MPLS Metro10GE
FE/GE//ATM STM-1
BTS/NB
OLT RNCRNCPTN
Fiber
BTS/NBONT
POP Gateway
10GE
PE-Agg
BITS/SDH
Clock D/R
E1
LTEONT
WIMAX
ONT
Using IEEE 1588v2 for the synchronization This requires the whole network to support IEEE 1588v2 It will be the future option for mobile backhaul.
Telco site
Enterprise A
Enterprise BMSTP Business
Cloud
LAN
LAN
Type B Protection
2 protected points
ITU-T G.984 standard for GPON reliability-Type B
SBU
OLT
Eth Switch
Telco site
Enterprise A
Enterprise B MSTPBusiness Cloud
LAN
LAN
Type C Protection
5 protected points
ITU-T G.984 standard for GPON reliability-Type C
Eth Switch
SBU OLT
When required?
Add more protection between splitter and SBU or MDUAlso Provide dual homing to two different OLT.No big difference with Type B.
GPON SECURITY
GPON system security solution
AES
AES
• Line encryption technology
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)128
• User security authentication
• RADIUS
• Network security
• SSH
• SNMP v3• User security
• DHCP Option 60/82
InternetInternet
• System security
• VLAN isolation
• MAC filter
• ACL
• Anti DOS
• Anti MAC/IP/ARP/DHCPSecurity
GPON encryptionOLT encrypts using AES-128 in counter modeOnly payload is encrypted (not ATM or GEM headers)
Encryption blocks aligned to GTC frameCounter is shared by OLT and all ONUs
– 46b = 16b intra-frame + 30 bits inter-frame– intra-frame counter increments every 4 data bytes
• reset to zero at beginning of DS GTC frame
OLT and each ONU must agree on a unique symmetric keyOLT asks ONU for a password (in PLOAMd)
ONU sends password US in the clear (in PLOAMu)
– key sent 3 times for robustnessOLT informs ONU of precise time to start using new key
PONs Slide 46
PON
architecture
PONs Slide 47
Terminologylike every other field, PON technology has its own terminology• the CO head-end is called an OLT• ONUs are the CPE devices (sometimes called ONTs in ITU)• the entire fiber tree (incl. feeder, splitters, distribution fibers) is an ODN• all trees emanating from the same OLT form an OAN• downstream is from OLT to ONU (upstream is the opposite direction)
downstream
Optical Network Units
upstream
Optical Distribution NetworkNNI
Terminal Equipment
UNI
core splitter
Optical Line Terminal
Optical Access Network
PONs Slide 48
PON principles(almost) all PON types obey the same basic principles
OLT and ONU consist of • Layer 2 (Ethernet MAC, ATM adapter, etc.)• optical transceiver using different s for transmit and receive• optionally: Wavelength Division Multiplexer
downstream transmission• OLT broadcasts data downstream to all ONUs in ODN• ONU captures data destined for its address, discards all other data• encryption needed to ensure privacy
upstream transmission• ONUs share bandwidth using Time Division Multiple Access• OLT manages the ONU timeslots• ranging is performed to determine ONU-OLT propagation time
additional functionality• Physical Layer OAM• Autodiscovery• Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation
PONs Slide 49
Why a new protocol ?
PON has a unique architecture• (broadcast) point-to-multipoint in DS direction• (multiple access) multipoint-to-point in US direction
contrast that with, for example • Ethernet - multipoint-to-multipoint• ATM - point-to-point
This means that existing protocolsdo not provide all the needed functionalitye.g. receive filtering, ranging, security, BW
allocation
downstreamupstream
Advantages of Gpon
• Speed• Flexibility• Responsivness• Interoperability
Interoperability
GPON BENEFITS AND CONCULUSIONS
COMPARISON OF PON WITH OTHER BROAD BAND ACCESS TECHOLOGIES (DSL,VDSL, cable/modem)
ADVANTAGES • These include a long-term life expectancy of the fiber
infrastructure,• lower operating costs through the reduction of
“active components, support for greater distances between equipment nodes
• most importantly, much greater bandwidth.DSL-certain megabits per sec, FTTH pon 1 to 2.5Gbps
• Since Pon uses only passive components it has low power requirements less no of technicians cost savings up 40 t0 60% Savings mainly result from lower customer contacts
associated with service orders and trouble reporting, outside plant operations, central office operations, and network operations.
• It provides high bandwidth for high-speed Internet access, video on demand,IPTV and voice over IP (VoIP) .
An illustration of an Ideal Access Network for Convergence Fixed / Mobile Applications
CLOSING REMARKSICT Infrastructures are best delivered with GPON FTTH
technologiesIncreasing Bandwidth Demand required Platforms with
Long Term Readiness and can deliver higher bandwidth today.
Convergence will remain a myth without Interoperable lower OPEX Access Platforms.
GPON offers more services over a single Access Network with lower Fiber Cost and Long Term Readiness.
Incumbents are upgrading on GPON and new Carriers are evaluation more diverse revenue opportunities from GPON.
END OF PRESENTATIONTHANK YOU
EMAIL: [email protected]