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Conventional Power Plants Presented By1) Hashim Hasnain Hadi 13ME362) Ghulam Sarwar 13ME193) Imran Khan 13ME124) Habib ur Rehman 13ME245) Tauqeer Ahmed 13ME116) Rehan Khan 13ME137) Rashid Ahmed 13ME308) M Hassan 12ME589) Ashtar Abbas 13ME38

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1.1 Ideal Rankine Cycle

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• The impracticalities associated with Carnot cycle can be eliminated by superheating the steam in the boiler and condensing it completely in the condenser.

• This cycle that results is the Rankine cycle, which is the ideal cycle for vapor power plants.

• The ideal Rankine cycle dose not involve any internal irreversibilities

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1.2 Deviation of Actual Vapor Power Cycle from Idealized Ones • Fluid friction and heat loss to the surroundings are the two common

sources of irreversibilites.

• Fluid friction causes pressure drop in the boiler, the condenser and the piping between various components.

• To compensate for these pressure drops, the water must be pumped to a sufficiently higher pressure than the ideal cycle.

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1.3 How can We Increase the Efficiency of the Rankine cycle? • Lowering the condenser pressure

• Superheating the steam to high temperatures

• Increasing the boiler pressure

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1.4 Steam Generator• Steam is an important medium of producing mechanical energy.

• Steam has the advantage that it does not react much with the materials of the equipment of power plant.

• Steam is stable at the temperature required in the plant. Steam is used to drive steam engines, steam turbines etc.

• Steam power station is most suitable where coal is available in abundance.

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1.5 Essentials of Steam Power Plant EquipmentA steam power plant must have following equipment :

• A furnace to burn the fuel.

• Steam generator or boiler containing water. Heat generated in the furnace is utilized to convert water into steam.

• Main power unit such as an engine or turbine to use the heat energy of steam and perform work.

• Piping system to convey steam and water

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1.6 Layout of a Steam Power Plant

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1.7.1 Classification of Boilers

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1.7.2 Classification of Boilers

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1.8 Major components of a BoilerThe boiler itself is a main component of a generation system that also includes the fuel supply, combustion air system, feed water system, and exhaust gases venting system. Major components are given as follows:• Deaerator• Economizer• Heat Exchanger• Soot blower• Super heater• Air pre-heater• Condenser• Cooling Tower