Controlling Emissions from Locomotive and Marine … Brief update on the nonroad diesel final rule...
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Transcript of Controlling Emissions from Locomotive and Marine … Brief update on the nonroad diesel final rule...
Controlling Emissions from Locomotive and Marine Diesels
Don Kopinski, U.S. EPAMSTRS Meeting
June 9, 2004
Nonroad Diesels:An Effective Collaboration
Program success keyed to extensive outreach done by EPA with all stakeholder groups
State and local governmentsEnvironmental and public health organizationsEngine and equipment manufacturersOil industryEmissions control manufacturers
Final rule has received widespread support
Nonroad Diesel Program Overview
2007: Nonroad, locomotive and marine diesel fuel sulfurlimited to 500 ppm Large immediate reductions in sulfate PM & SOxfrom existing fleet
2008: Initial Tier 4 PM standards for engines <75 hp Achieves early Tier 4 PM reductions
2010: Sulfur limit drops to 15 ppmEnables advanced-technology nonroad engine standardsApplies to locomotive & marine fuel starting in 2012
2011-15: Phase-in of advanced-technology Tier 4 standardsReductions of >95% PM, ~90% NOxAlso new test requirements to ensure control in use
nonroadequipment
12%
marine 2.6%
locomotive 3.2%
highway diesel fuel 67%
regulated since 1993
home heating,etc 15%
not covered
DistillateFuels
covered bythe new program
Phase-In of Nonroad Diesel Engine Programs
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Tier 3
Similar tohighway
2004
Similar tohighway
1998
Tier 1Tier 2
2012 2014
Similar tohighway 2007
(advanced aftertreatment)
Tier 4
1996
88
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
NOxNOx(g/hp-hr)
PM(g/hp-hr)
<25 hp 25-75 hp 75-175 hp 175-750 hp >750 hp
PM
NOxNOx
0.30
0.02
3.5*
5.6*
0.01 0.01 0.030.30 0.30
Tier 4 Tier 4 Final StandardsFinal Standards
0.5
2.6
0.02
generator sets
Today’s standards
will be reassessed in 2007technology review
will be reassessed in future action
* This is a combined NOx + hydrocarbon standard
0 10,000 20,000
lost work days
hospital admissions
ER visits bykids w/ asthma
nonfatalheart attacks
premature deaths
# prevented annually (in 2030)
12,000
15,0006,000
8,9001 million
Nonroad Diesel Health Benefits
$80B annual benefits vs $2B cost (in 2030)
Mobile Source Inventories in 2030
Locomotive& marine
27%
locomotive& marine
45%
nonroaddiesel
highway
nonroaddiesel
highway
Diesel PM2.5
NOx
Potential reductions on the order of:~25,000 tons/yr of PM~900,000 tons/yr of NOx
Compares to nonroad rule reductions of:~129,000 tons/yr of PM738,000 tons/yr of NOx
Key Elements of Current Locomotive Program(only applies to U.S. railroads)
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Tier 2(60/50% NOx/PM ↓ )
Tier 0(35% NOx ↓)
Tier 1(50% NOx ↓)
2000
new-built in 2001
rebuilds of locomotives built in 1973-2001
new-built in 2002-2004
new-built in 2005+
20142012
15 ppm500 ppm S fuelLocomotive diesel fuel
Diesel Marine Applications
Category 1 Commercial
<50 hp
Recreational
Category 2
auxiliary power for ocean-going
vessels
workboats fishing vesselspolice boats
gen sets sailboats
cruisers
yachts
ferriestugboats
Great Lakes freighters
Covered in separate initiative
Category 3
ocean-going ships
Key Elements of Current Marine Diesel Program(only applies to U.S. vessels)
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Recreational(30%/25% NOx/PM ↓ )
<50 hp(40%NOx/PM ↓)
Commercial(30%/25% NOx/PM ↓)
2000
Tier 1
20142012
15 ppm500 ppm S fuelMarine diesel fuel
1998
Tier 2
Tier 1 Tier 2
only for >2.5 liter/cylinder (voluntary in 2000-2003)
Tier 2
19881990
1991
199419982004
unregulated
EPA emissions standards for diesel trucks
locomotive Tier 2 2005
marine Tier 2 2004-2009
2007-2010
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
PM(g
/hp-
hr) 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6NOx (g/hp-hr)
7 8 9 10
Comparison to Nonroad Diesel Rule
What’s Similar?Large potential benefitsNew technology solutions (NOx and PM traps)Range of engine sizes (<10 hp to 3000+ hp)Systems approach(need low-sulfur fuel) Need to coordinate with existing standards
What’s Different?High-concentration areas (harbors, railyards, …)Packaging and operating environment issues (e.g.-- RR tunnels, water-jacketed exhaust, idling)Fuel already settledUser community very different (RR’s, ports, ...)No Tier 3 standards in placeMajor opportunity for engine rebuild/retrofit
Locomotive & Marine DieselsAdvance Notice
Signed by Administrator Leavitt May 11
Targets high-efficiency (sulfur-sensitive) aftertreatment Patterned after highway and nonroad programsL&M fuel will be at 500 ppm in 2007, 15 ppm in 2012Large pool of 15 ppm fuel (highway/nonroad) earlier
Considering new standards as early as 2011 With phase-in consistent with the nonroad diesel ruleOpportunity for comprehensive strategy (retrofits, …)
Locomotive & Marine Diesels Next Steps
Comment period open for 60 days after ANPRM publication (likely next week)
Starting to engage stakeholders in discussions
NPRM planned for mid-2005
FRM mid-2006
EPA Contacts
Team Leaders--Jean Marie Revelt
(734) 214-4822 [email protected]
Don Kopinski(734) 214-4229 [email protected]