Controlling Diseases and Parasites

Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed!

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9 Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea or event, noting discrepancies among sources.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including analyzing how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term over the course of a text .

Bell Work!

How can you manage an animals environment to control internal parasites?

How does nutritional management play a role in control of parasites?

What are some non – chemical means of controlling parasites?

What is an environmental pesticide application program?

Terms:

Antibodies

Biological Product

Colostrum

Immunity

Insecticide

Intermediate host

Parasite

Sanitation

Vaccine

Internal Parasites:

The objective of a parasite control program is to disrupt the life cycle whether the animal in infected by a direct life cycle or indirect life cycle. (indirect requiring a host)

By breaking the cycle and eliminating the parasite the animal will be healthy and more productive.

Breaking the life cycle and destroying the parasite will result in :

Improved nutrition

Improved environment for the animal

All for implementation of a control and treatment program to prevent future infestation.

Nutritional Management Practices:

Elimination of parasites in grazed pastures will improve the condition of grazing animals and hopefully prevent re-infestation.

Pasture parasites may be eliminated by;

Rotating pastures

Prevention of overgrazing

Prevention of overcrowding

Avoid grazing during infective stages by the parasite

Supplemental Feeding:

Livestock and pets that receive a balanced diet will have greater resistance to both internal and external parasites.

Proper nutrition will lower the chance of parasite establishment, decrease duration of the infection and help the animal recover more rapidly.

Environmental Management Practices:

Improving the sanitation of the animal’s environment will break the life cycle of infectious parasites.

Reducing Manure – reduces eggs and larva as well as

a site for intermediate

hosts such as flies, and beetles.

Maintain clean, dry housing for confined animals

Drain standing water – reduces intermediate hosts such as mosquitos, gnats and fleas.

Provide clean drinking water

Replace animal bedding

Drug Administration:

Drugs to prevent animal parasites should be administered for three reasons; To kill internal or external

parasites affecting the animal.

To stop damage caused by parasites.

To control parasites.

Strategic administration will prevent environmental contamination

Strategic Parasite control:

Strategic control of parasites requires proper timing. The drug must be administered at the proper time to disrupt the lifecycle of the targeted parasite.

Proper timing is when you believe the animal may have been exposed to parasites and be infected.

Periodic fecal exams should be performed.

External Parasites:

Management practices for controlling external parasites included both chemical and non-chemical means.

Management practices include breaking the life cycle but also killing the immature and mature stages of parasite causing the infestation.

Environmental Practices to control External parasites.

Environmental control of external parasites must focus n destroying breeing sites of parasitic arthropods. Remove decaying manure and bedding.

Remove lawn clippings.

Remove standing water and ensure proper drainage.

Remove garbage.

Destroy the carcasses of dead animals.

Insecticide application.

Animal Management to control external Parasites. The following management techniques will help in the control of

external parasites. Practice proper stocking rates.

If housing in dry lots or indoors provide adequate stocking rates.

Isolate and treat new animals prior to co-mingling with the herd.

Protect animals from temperature extremes that might weaken the animal making it more susceptible to infestation.

Provide proper nutrition to avoid weakening the animal.

Observe animals daily if possible although in New Mexico the scope of ranching makes daily observation almost impossible.

Insecticide Application Insecticides may be administered to animals by self application or by hands on

application. Dipping

Dusts

Sprays

Pour on

Injection

oral

The End!