& TEAM MEMBERS OF UNRI

Version 3.003162006

CONTRIBUTING SCIENTISTS

USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Amherst, MA 01003 413/545-3755 www.unri.org

SCIENTISTS AND WORK UNITS

NE-4152: Research to Develop Guidelines and Indicators for Sustaining Forest Ecosystems of Pennsylvania and the Adjacent Allegheny Plateau Region

• Susan Stout NE-4152: Quantitive Methods for Modeling and Monitoring Response of Northeastern Forest Ecosystems to Management and Environmental Stresses

• Louis Iverson NE-4153: Sustainable Forest Ecosystems in the Central Appalacians

• Mark Ford NE-4454: Integrating Social and Biophysical Science for Natural Resources

• Don Dennis • Marla R. Emery • Morgan Grove • Thomas More • Erika Svendsen • Mark Twery

NE-4455: Northern Global Change Program • John Hom

NE-4505: Forest Sustainability and Tree Response Injury, Infection, and Environmental Change

• Kevin Smith NE-4801: Forest Inventory and Analysis for Northeastern States

• Brett Butler • Tonya Lister • Will McWilliams • Randall Morin • Rachel Riemann • Charles Scott

NE-4952: Effects of Urban Forests and their Management on Human Health and Environmental Quality

• Kenneth Belt • Gordon Heisler • David Nowak • Richard Pouyat • Jeffery Walton

North Central Units

Northeastern Units

NC-4153: Principles of Landscape Ecology for Managing Temperate Forests

• Patrick Zollner NC-4154: Ecology and Management of Upland Central Hardwood Ecosystems

• Dan Dey • John Kabrick

NC-4501: Biology, Ecology, and Management of Exotic Invasive Forest Insects

• Therese Poland

NC-4801: Forest Inventory and Analysis for North Central and Northern Great Plains States

• Dennis May • Mark Nelson • Tyler Wilson

NC-4803: Social and Economic Dimensions of Ecosystem Management

• David Bengston • Stephanie Snyder

NC-4902: Natural Environments for Urban Populations

• Paul Gobster • Cherie LeBlanc • Herbert Schroeder • Lynne Westphal Other Partners

UNRI: Urban Natural Resources Institute • David Bloniarz

Kenneth Belt Title: Hydrologist/Aquatic Ecologist E-Mail: kbelt@fs.fed.us URL: www.fs.fed.us/ne/syracuse Unit: RWU-NE-4952 Effects of Urban Forests and their Management on Human Health and Environmental Quality Telephone: 410-455-8011 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station TRC Bldg. UMBC 5200 Westland Blvd. Baltimore, MD 21227-2360 Keywords: Stream ecology, Urban hydrology, Organic matter, Stream temperature, Pathogens Current Research: Research in urban hydrology and the effects of urban landscapes and forests on stream chemistry and aquatic system structure and function, including:

(1) The Urban Gutter Subsidy—interaction of civil infrastructure and urban hydrology in the sources, transport, and processing of particulate and dissolved organic matter and associated contaminants in urban catchments,

(2) Urban Thermal Fluxes—role of impervious surfaces and the built environment in modulating thermal fluxes to urban groundwater and to small headwater stream base and storm flows,

(3) Nutrients—role of land cover and land use in determining lotic nutrient fluxes in urban streams,

(4) Stream Function—whole stream metabolism and DOC fluxes in urban streams, (5) Pathogens—survival, sources, and transport of pathogens in urban catchments and

streams, (6) Urban Restoration—Improvements in runoff flows, chemistry, pathogens, and

temperature over the course of restoration and green-out of an ultra urban catchment. Publications: Pouyat, R.V.; Belt, K.T.; Pataki, D.; Groffman, P.M.; Hom, J.; Band, L.E. [In press]. Urban land-use change effects on biogeochemical cycles. In: Canadell, P.; Pataki, D.; Pitelka, L., eds. Terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world. Global change and terrestrial ecosystems synthesis book. Canberra, Australia. Kaushal, S.S.; Groffman, P.M.; Likens, G.; Belt, K.T.; Band, L.E.; Fisher, G.T. 2005. Changing land use and the anthropogenic salinization of inland waters. Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences. 102(38): 13517-13520.

David Bengston Title: Research Forester (Social Scientist and Ecological Economist) E-mail: dbengston@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4803 Unit: RWU-NC-4803 Social and Economic Dimensions of Ecosystem Management Telephone: 651-649-5162 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1992 Folwell Ave. St. Paul, MN 55108 Keywords: Forest attitudes and values, Monitoring the social environment, Ethnic perspectives on natural resources, Public policies for managing landscape change, Ecological economics in forestry Current Research: I am currently working on a program of research that includes two main areas:

(1) Forest Values: I analyze the nature and structure of the values linking social systems to forest ecosystems and their implications for ecosystem management. We need an understanding of the nature of forest stakeholder values, how forest values are changing, and what these changes imply for forest management and policy. I have a special interest in the environmental values and perspectives of ethnic minority communities.

(2) Monitoring the Social Environment: I develop and test new methods to continuously monitor the social environment for forest planning, management, and policymaking. Traditional social science methods for monitoring the social environment (e.g., surveys, focus groups) are slow and expensive, and often produce results long after they were needed. Innovative approaches are needed. I am also the Coordinator of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO) Research Group 6.17.00, "Ecological Economics in Forestry," and adjunct professor in the College of Natural Resources and the Graduate Program in conservation biology, University of Minnesota.

Publications: Bengston, D.N.; Yeo-Chang Youn. [In press]. Urban containment policies and the protection of natural areas: the case of Seoul’s greenbelt. Ecology and Society (special issue on Urban Sprawl). Bengston, D.N., ed. [In press]. Policies for managing urban growth and landscape change: a key to conservation in the 21st century. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-xxx. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. Bengston, D.N.; Webb, T.J.; Fan, D.P. 2004. Shifting forest value orientations in the United States, 1980- 2002. Environmental Values. 13(3): 373-392. I serve as the leader of a team developing a Web-based system for monitoring key forest policy Issues that will be available through the Forest Service Science You Can Use Web site. The Web site will enable planners, managers, policymakers, public affairs officers, communications officers, policy analysts, and others to monitor the public discourse on eight key Forest Service issues expressed in news media discussion.

Future Research:

1. Listening to Neglected Voices: The communities served by public forestry agencies are becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Racial and ethnic communities often differ from the general population in their environmental attitudes and values and in their needs and concerns related to public land management. An important challenge for land management agencies is responding to an increasingly diverse society in ways that ensure that the views of all citizens are included in management and policy. My research on the needs and concerns of ethnic minority communities will help ensure these often neglected voices are heard.

2. Valuing and Conserving Forest Ecosystem Services: The goods and services provided by forest ecosystems are vital to human well-being. But few ecosystem services have clearly established economic values. My research on forest ecosystem services will focus on (1) developing innovative, transdisciplinary methods for valuing the life-supporting services of forests, and (2) developing and evaluating innovative public policies, including market-based approaches, to conservice ecosystem services.

David Bloniarz Title: Project Coordinator E-mail: dbloniarz@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.unri.org Unit: Urban Natural Resources Institute Telephone: 413-545-3755 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Holdsworth Hall University of Massachusetts Commonwealth Ave. P.O. Box 34230 Amherst, MA 01003-4230 Keywords: Technology transfer, Urban natural resouces, Urban forestry, Urban forestry stewardship Current Research: The Urban Natural Resources Institute for the Northeast (UNRI) is an initiative of the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, which serves as a point of contact for focused research, development, and information exchange on urban natural resource management in the region. The institute consists of Forest Service scientists who are conducting science-based research on urban natural resource issues throughout the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest. UNRI seeks to develop and implement a comprehensive approach to urban natural resources research, development, and technology transfer in the region served by the Northern Research Station. The vision includes developing information, models, tools, and decision-support systems to enhance community natural resource stewardship and to improve the livability of communities in the Northeast and the Nation. Publications: Mobile Community Tree Inventory (MCTI) tree inventory software for municipalities was developed to provide communities with a Windows-based inventory tool that uses data collection via a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Urban Natural Resouces Institute Web site—http://www.unri.org—provides a point of information related to the urban natural resource stewardship in the region. i-Tree is a state-of-the-art, peer-reviewed software suite from the USDA Forest Service that provides urban and community forestry analysis and benefits assessment. It currently integrates four urban and community forestry tools: UFORE, STRATUM (Street Tree Resource Analysis Tool for Urban Forest Managers), MCTI (Mobile Community Tree Inventory), and the Storm Damage Assessment Protocol. Massachusetts Community Tree Inventory (MATreeCount) is a pilot project that uses Web-based database development and archiving capabilities for street and park tree inventories in Massachusetts municipalities. It includes a public-private partnership with several communities, commercial arboricultural consulting firms, and the University of Massachusetts-Amherst.

Future Research: Future research includes the distribution of new, innovative tools for urban and community forestry stewardship, being developed by the Forest Service and its partners, that will lead to more effective and sustainable managment of urban natural resources. One goal of future initiatives of the UNRI is to increase cooperative partnerships between various Forest Service research units, State and Private Forestry staff, State and university partners and public sector interests.

Brett Butler Title: Research Forester E-mail: bbutler01@fs.fed.us URL: www.fs.fed.us/woodlandowners; www.fs.fed.us/ne/fia/ Unit: RWU-NE-4801 Forest Inventory and Analysis for Northeastern States Telephone: 610-557-4045 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200 Newtown Square, PA 19073-3200 Keywords: National Woodland Owner Survey, Nonindustrial private forest owners, Humanforest interactions Current Research: My current research focuses on survey methods for collecting information from private forest land owners, analyzing trends in private forest land owners and the land they own, and studying the factors that influence decisions made by these forest owners. Publications: Butler, B.J.; Leatherberry, E.C. 2004. America's family forest owners. Journal of Forestry. 102(7): 4-9. Butler, B.J. 2005. The timber harvesting behavior of family forest owners. Corvallis, OR: Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University. 130 p. Ph.D. dissertation. Butler, B.J.; Leatherberry, E.C.; Williams, M.S. 2005. Design, implementation, and analysis methods for the National Woodland Owner Survey. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-336. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 43 p. Future Research: The current projects I am pursuing (most through collaborations) are related to marketing to family forest owners, understanding the next generation of forest owners, forest ownership typologies, broad-scale ownership dynamics (e.g., TIMOs), land use dynamics, and forest policy assessments.

Don Dennis Title: Research Forester E-mail: dondennis@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/burlington/research/ne4454/ne4454.htm Unit: RWU-NE-4454 Integrating Social and Biophysical Sciences for Natural Resource Management Telephone: 802-951-6771 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 705 Spear St. (P.O. Box 968) Burlington, VT 05402-0968 Keywords: Economics, Decisionmaking, Nonmarket valuation Current Research: Current studies include the use of conjoint and other choice modeling techniques to solicit and analyze inputs to multiple objective decisions on public lands, assess and analyze the attitudes and behaviors of NIPF landowners toward ecosystem management concepts, valuation of nonmarket forest outputs, and the effects of externalities on forest policy and decision-making. Publications: Dennis, D.F. 1998. Analyzing public inputs to multiple objective decisions on national forests using conjoint analysis. Forest Science. 44(3): 421-429. Dennis, D.F. 2004. Segmenting of empirical estimates of choice models. In: Proceedings of the 15th Northeastern recreation research symposium; 2003 April 6-8; Bolton Landing, NY. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE- 317. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 366-369. Newman, P.; Manning, R.; Dennis, D. 2005. Informing carrying capacity decision making in Yosemite National Park, USA using stated choice modeling. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration.

Dan Dey Title: Research Forester E-mail: ddey@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4154/ Unit: RWU-NC-4154 Ecology and Management of Upland Central Hardwood Ecosystems Telephone: 573-875-5341 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 202 Natural Resources Building University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211-7260 Keywords: Silviculture, Natural regeneration, Forest ecology, Artificial regeneration, Forest management Current Research: My research focuses on evaluating silvicultural practices to manage forests that produce the wide array of goods and services that land owners and society desire. I specialize in solving forest regeneration issues in hardwood-dominated forests in both uplands and bottomlands. Much of my experience is in the natural regeneration and development of hardwood-dominated forests and in the afforestation of bottomland agricultural lands. I have done extensive work with collaborators on determining historic fire regimes in oak/pine-dominated ecosystems throughout the Midwest and Great Lakes Regions. I apply this knowledge by developing methods of using prescribed fire to restore native forest communities, favor fire dependent species, reduce fuels and fire risk, restore natural ecosystem processes, etc. I model forest responses to specific silvicultural practices. I develop forest management guidelines for practitioners. I am working with a collaborator on a study of the role and management of large wood in river systems. For now, this research is focusing on developing a long-term (i.e., 14,000-year) oak tree ring chronology from ancient wood buried in alluvial soils. We are using this tree-ring information to reconstruct climate and correlate tree growth with global climate metrics. Publications: Dey, D.C.; Hartman, G. 2005. Returning fire to Ozark Highland forest ecosystems: effects on advance regeneration. Forest Ecology and Management. 217: 37-53. Kabrick, J.M.; Dey, D.C.; Van Sambeek, J.W.; Wallendorf, M.; Gold, M.A. 2005. Soil properties and growth of swamp white oak and pin oak on bedded soils in the lower Missouri River floodplain. Forest Ecology and Management. 204: 315-327. Guyette, R.P.; Stambaugh, M.C.; Dey, D.C. 2004. Ancient oak climate proxies from the agricultural heartland. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 85(46): 483. Guyette, R.P.; Muzika, R.M.; Dey, D.C. 2002. Dynamics of an anthropogenic fire regime. Ecosystems. 5: 472-486.

Future Research: I plan on continuing my work in forest regeneration and restoration in primarily oak/pine forests and in the afforestation of bottomland forests. I am interested in wildlife and forest interactions during the regeneration process. I also am interested in developing regional regeneration models for the Central Hardwood Region. I am initiating new research in the silviculture of pine/oak forests with emphasis on shortleaf pine regeneration and development in natural upland forests. I will continue with my work in the management of riparian forests and interactions between terrestrial and aquatic systems. We seek funding and additional collaborators to advance our work in constructing the American long oak chronology—the 14,000-year tree-ring record derived from buried ancient oak logs in alluvial soils, and to advance our climate models based on the dendrochronological record.

Marla R. Emery Title: Research Geographer E-mail: memery@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/burlington/research/ne4454/nontimb/memery.htm Unit: NE-4454, Integrating Social and Biophysical Sciences for Natural Resource Management Telephone: 802-951-6771 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 705 Spear St. (P.O. Box 968) Burlington, VT 054002-0968 Keywords: Special forest products, Human-environment interactions, Livelihoods, Traditional ecological knowledge, Community forestry Current Research: Discipline: Geography (subspecialty: human-environment interactions; sub-subspecialty: cultural and political ecology) Primary research focus: Role of special forest products (SFPs) in the lives and livelihoods of the people who gather them and the implications (applied and theoretical) for forest management. Recent and ongoing research:

• Contemporary uses of SFPs in Michigan's Upper Peninsula • Subsistence uses of U.S. forests • Latino migration and floral greens harvesting in western North Carolina • Contemporary uses of SFPs in Scotland • Rates of SFP gathering participation in northern New England • Women's uses of wild plants in a Maya village (ongoing) • Morel mushroom harvesting in two capital area national parks (ongoing) • 20th century uses of SFPs in Vermont (ongoing)

Publications: Emery, Marla R.; Pierce, Alan R. 2005. Interrupting the Telos: locating subsistence in contemporary U.S. forests. Environment and Planning A. 37: 981-993. Emery, M.R.; Ginger, C.; Chamberlain, J.L. [In press]. Migrants, market, and the transformation of natural resources management: Galax harvesting in western North Carolina. In: Furuseth, O.; Smith, H., eds. The New South: Latinos and the transformation of place. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing. Emery, M.R.; Ginger, C.; Doble, S.; Giammusso, M.R.B. 2003. Special forest products in context: gatherers and gathering in the Eastern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-306. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. [Available online http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/byyear/2003_title.shtml] Future Research: We are planning a comprehensive research program to support sustainable management of special forest products (SFPs). The program would participate in national and international efforts

while keeping a primary focus in the NRS region. Research would take place across the urban-rural gradient. The program would address the following five objectives:

1. to identify the culturally and economically important (C&EI) SFPs harvested in and around the State.

2. to understand the ecologies of the C&EI SFPs harvested in and around the State. 3. to understand the uses and values of the C&EI SFPs harvested in and around the state. 4. to inventory and monitor the C&EI SFPs harvested in and around the State. 5. to develop comprehensive plans, in a participatory manner, for managing the C&EI SFPs

harvested in and around the State. (Please note that all research theme interests indicated here are in reference to these topics as they relate to special forest products.)

Mark Ford Title: Research Wildlife Biologist E-mail: mford@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/parsons/ne4353.htm Unit: RWU-NE-4353 Sustainable Forest Ecosystems in the Central Appalachians Telephone: 304-478-2000 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Route 219 North—Nursery Bottom P.O. Box 404 Parsons, WV 26287-0404 Keywords: TES species (bats, rats, and herps), Fire and silviculture interactions with wildlife, White-tailed deer ecology, Community ecology/niche separation, Shrews Current Research: My current research projects and collaborations:

1. Ecology and management of the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel and links to adaptive management strategies within HCP and Safe Harbor arenas

2. Landscape modeling of declining Allegheny woodrats in the Appalachians 3. Roosting and foraging ecology of bats (esp. the endangered Indiana bat) in managed and

semi-wild forest 1. landscapes 4. Landscape modeling of endangered Cheat Mountain salamander 5. Woodland salamander responses to prescribed burning and overstory removal 6. Woodland salamander response to silvipasture management 7. Aquatic salamander habitat characteristics 8. Use of localized management to control white-tailed deer herbivory 9. White-tailed deer as environmental risk assessment targets 10. Snowshoe hare habitat use and home range characteristics 11. Red spruce restoration and enhancement 12. Oak savanna creation

Publications: Ford, W.M.; Chapman, B.R.; Menzel, M.A.; Odom, R.H. 2002. Stand-age and habitat influences on salamanders in Appalachian cove hardwood forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 155: 131-141. Ford, W.M.; Stephenson, S.L.; Menzel, J.M.; Black, D.R.; Edwards, J.W. 2004. Habitat characteristics of the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) in the central Appalachian Mountains. American Midland Naturalist. 152: 430-438. Ford, W.M.; Menzel, M.A.; Rodrigue, J.L.; Menzel, J.M.; Johnson, J.B. 2005. Relating bat species presence to simple habitat measures in a central Appalachian forest. Biological Conservation. 126: 528-539.

Future Research: I will be expanding my ongoing bat research activities to encompass a greater habitat management/forest manipulation component with the aim of creating documentable Indiana bat habitat that is linked to ongoing oak management/regeneration research efforts. NE-4353 currently is considering developing a more formal research focus on high-elevation (red spruce-dominated) forest ecology and management— with a strong landscape-level component. In conjunction with the high-elevation focus, I am exploring avenues to use the Safe Harbor and HCP processes to foster a line of both single-species and community-level wildlife research activities.

Paul Gobster Title: Research Social Scientist E-mail: pgobster@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4902/ Unit: RWU-NC-4902 Natural Environments for Urban Populations Telephone: 847-866-9311 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1033 University Place, Suite 360 Evanston, IL 60201-3172 Keywords: Human dimensions, Urban, Landscape perception, Diverse populations Current Research: My research broadly addresses the question: How can we manage landscapes to provide satisfying experiences for people? The context for much of my work has been park and forest landscapes in urban settings. I am focusing on three interrelated topic areas:

• Perception and experience of landscapes: how people perceive and experience parks and forests, including issues of aesthetics, psychological restoration, and physical activity.

• Meanings of nature: how nature is understood and valued by different individuals and stakeholder groups and how these values can be incorporated into landscape restoration and management.

• Access and equity issues: how to understand the cultural dimensions of landscape to provide better and more equitable access to nature, leisure, and open space opportunities for diverse populations.

Publications: Gobster, Paul H. 2005. Invasive species as ecological threat: is restoration an alternative to fear-basedresource management? Ecological Restoration. 23(4): 260-269. Gobster, Paul H. 2005. Recreation and leisure research from an active living perspective: taking a second look at urban trail use data. Leisure Sciences. 27(5): 367-383. Gobster, Paul H.; Stewart, Susan I.; Bengston, David N., eds. 2004. The social aspects of landscape change: protecting open space under the pressure of development. Landscape and Urban Planning. (Special Theme Issue) 69(2-3): 149-334. Future Research: I am interested in the social aspects of invasive species and have begun to develop a literature review and conceptual framework for understanding people's responses to invasive species. Future studies could include (1) examining public awareness and concern about invasives, (2) understanding how information about invasives is communicated to the public, and (3) understanding cross-cultural perceptions of native and introduced species. I have a longstanding interest in how people perceive, use, and value urban natural areas, and I have done work on this in Chicago and more recently in San Francisco. One aspect of this work

concerns why some natural area restoration projects succeed in building constituencies for urban nature while others become mired in conflict. Opportunities for collaboration on related topics and in other locations would help build a more solid foundation for guidelines and knowledge to improve urban natural resource stewardship programs. In response to increasing societal concerns about the effects of inactivity on people's health, I have begun to look at how urban green space can encourage people to adopt more active lifestyles. I have done some of my own work reanalyzing previously collected data and am currently a member of two team efforts headed by Myron Floyd at North Carolina State and Kim Shinew at the University of Illinois. There are numerous possibilities for including human health considerations within the scope of urban and community forestry research, environmental services, landscape change, and other emerging theme and sub theme areas. I have begun to explore how people experience the fundamental essence of places, and I have been reading and examining my own phenomenological experience of land and water environments including Yellowstone and Lake Michigan. I do not yet see any immediate practical value to these explorations, but they may eventually lead to insights and applications.

J. Morgan Grove Title: Research Forester E-mail: mgrove@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/burlington/research/ne4454/ne4454.htm Unit: RWU-NE-4454 Integrating Social and Biophysical Sciences for Natural Resource Management Telephone: 802-951-6771 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 705 Spear St. (P.O. Box 968) Burlington, VT 05402-0968 Keywords: Urban, Forestry, Landscape, Ecology, Long-term Current Research: I am a Principal Investigator in the National Science Foundation’s Long Term Ecological Research Program’s Baltimore Ecosystem Study and co-team leader of the demographic and socioeconomic working group. My activities focus on human ecosystem and landscape studies and the development of technology transfer tools, particularly the Forest Opportunity Spectrum (FOS) for urban and community forestry. My research has focused extensively on the relationship between environmental quality, neighborhood and life satisfaction, recreational behaviors, social capital, and community stability. I have developed innovative techniques and applications for the integration of remotely sensed data, field surveys, telephone surveys, and administrative data using advanced spatial and time-series analyses. I am the co-chair of the Social Science Committee and a member of the Executive Committee for the LTER Network. I also am a member of the advisory group for NEON. Publications: Agarwal, C.; Green, G.M.; Grove, J.M.; Evans, T.; Schweik, C.M. 2002. A review and assessment of landuse change models: dynamics of space, time, and human choice. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-297. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 61 p. Grimm, N.; Grove, J.M.; Pickett, S.T.A.; Redman, C. 2000. Integrated approaches to long-term studies of urban ecological systems. BioScience. 50(7): 571-584. Grove, J.M.; Burch, W.R.; Pickett, S.T.A. 2005. Social mosaics and urban forestry in Baltimore, Maryland. In: Lee, R.G.; Field, D.R., eds. Communities and forests: where people meet the land. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press: 248-273. Redman, C.L.; Grove, J.M.; Kuby, L.H. 2004. Integrating social science into the Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) Network: social dimensions of ecological change and ecological dimensions of social change. Ecosystems. 7: 161-171. Future Research: First, future research will focus increasingly on how lifestyle and household characteristics influence land management practices, ecosystem processes, and responses to ecological change. Second, we will continue to develop tools for the Forest Opportunity Spectrum (FOS) and implement the FOS with cities in the Northern Research Station.

Gordon Heisler Title: Meteorologist E-mail: gheisler@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/syracuse/index.html Unit: NE-4952 Effects of Urban Forests and their Management on Human Health and Environmental Quality Telephone: 315-448-3214 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station State University of New York-ESF 5 Moon Library Syracuse, NY 13210-2778 Keywords: Urban climate, Ultraviolet radiation, Human health, Outdoor human comfort, Urban heat islands Current Research: My current research, on applications of urban tree influences on urban climate, is within the Station's Urban Natural Resources Stewardship science theme. The urban climate variables of interest include solar radiation, especially the ultraviolet (UV), air temperature, wind, and humidity. These variables all have applications for human comfort and health, energy use for heating and cooling buildings, and soil and stream temperatures. The effects of UV radiation are a major concern for human health because epidemiological studies indicate that too much UV exposure causes skin cancer, whereas too little UV exposure may lead to non-cutaneous cancers because of vitamin D insufficiency. The general research question is: How can we quantify tree influences on microclimate in the highly variable environments of cities and specify optimum urban forest management to increase benefits? Most of my research involves modeling of tree influences based upon measurements. Measurement of UV radiation is challenging because although photons in the UV have large influences on biological systems, the energy content of UV radiation is low relative to the rest of the solar spectrum; small differences in wavelength may cause large differences in effects; and UV is widely scattered by the atmosphere so that the diffuse fraction is much greater than in the visible spectrum. All microclimate measurements are complicated by sampling problems in the highly variable urban structure in which the presence of people creates concerns of security and access to properties. Current research is focused on measurements in and near Baltimore as part of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, a Long-Term Ecological Research program, and especially in collaboration with the scientists from NE-4952, Rich Pouyat, Ken Belt, and Quin Holifield, who are stationed in Baltimore. An ongoing study is aimed at modeling temperature differences between points in the metropolitan area as a function of upwind tree, water, and impervious cover and forcing weather conditions that influence atmospheric thermal stability. The goal is to develop the capability to map temperature patterns across the city. Publications: Heisler, G.M.; Grant, R.H.; Gao, W. 2003. Individual- and scattered-tree influences on ultraviolet irradiance. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 120: 113-126.

Heisler, G.M.; Grant, R.H.; Gao, W.; Slusser, J.R. 2004. Solar ultraviolet-B radiation in urban environments: the case of Baltimore, MD. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 80: 422-428. Heisler, G.M. 2005. Health impacts of ultraviolet radiation in urban ecosystems: a review (Invited). Ultraviolet ground- and space-based measurements, models, and effects V, San Diego, CA. SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering. 5886M-1-17. Future Research: My plans for future research include collaboration in developing models of urban tree influences on human comfort and UV exposure for use in the UFORE (Urban FORest Effects) model that is being developed by Dave Nowak and other researchers in NE-4952. For UV radiation, sub-models that describe the distribution of scattered diffuse sky radiation have been developed in previous studies in collaboration with a Purdue colleague. Below-canopy irradiance models will be based on hemispherical photos taken from plot centers in UFORE field surveys or on a 3D radiation transfer model that will assume ellipsoidal tree crown shapes for trees tallied in field surveys. We have used the 3D model for previous estimates of tree influences of UV exposure below urban canopies, most recently in a paper (in press in Photochemistry and Photobiology) that examines the influence of clouds on below-canopy UV in different land uses. The human thermal comfort module for UFORE will build on a current model—OUTCOMES for OUTdoor human COMfort Expert System—that is available on our unit’s Web site. Improvements needed on OUTCOMES include better methods for estimation of thermal radiation from the ground to a person. Tree influences on air temperature are also input requirements for OUTCOMES, and this input will be provided by results of our ongoing study of temperature differences as a function of upwind urban cover. There have been many studies of urban temperature patterns, but rarely have the temperature influences of trees been tied to effects on human comfort. Microclimate measurements in Baltimore since 1993 will provide input for other future modeling of soil and stream temperatures in collaboration with Baltimore Forest Service and UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County) colleagues. Our measurements of stream water temperature have shown dramatic influences of precipitation on water temperature when storm water originates from unshaded impervious surfaces.

John Hom Title: Deputy Program Manager E-mail: jhom@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/global/ Unit: RWU-NE-4455 Northern Global Change Program Telephone: 610-557-4097 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200 Newtown Square, PA 19073-3200 Keywords: Global change and forest productivity, Atmospheric deposition, Carbon flux, Urban to rural gradients, Fire danger and fuels mapping Current Research: I have been with the Northern Global Change Research Program since 1992 as the deputy program manager. I am conducting research on large-scale carbon validation using remote sensing in the Delaware River Basin for NASA, carbon uptake in highly vegetated, nonforest regions at the Baltimore LTER urban flux tower, aboveground respiration under the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and ozone at the Aspen FACE site and elevated CO2 and temperature effects on succession along an urban to rural gradient in Baltimore. Currently, I am the Principal Investigator for the National Fire Plan fire danger rating research using mass and energy budgets with flux towers in the Pinelands of New Jersey, and I am the PI for the Eastern LANDFIRE Prototype mapping effort to map vegetation, fuel loading, and structure. Publications: Hom, J.; Pan, Y.; McCullough, K. [In press]. Implications for forest ecosystem sustainability and resiliency. In: Adams, M.B.; Dewalle, D.R.; Hom, J.L., eds. The Fernow Watershed Acidification Study. The Netherlands: Kluwer Press. Chapter 8. Pan, Y.; Hom, J.; Birdsey, R.; McCullough, K. 2004. Impacts of rising nitrogen deposition on N exports from forests to surface waters in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Environmental Management. 33(4): S120-131 Hom, J. 2003. Global change and forest soils. In: Kimble, J.M.; Lal, R.; Birdsey, R.; Heath, L.S., eds. The potential of U.S. forest soils to sequester carbon and mitigate the greenhouse effect. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 127-134. Future Research: Continuation of National Fire Plan New Jersey Fire Weather and Fire Danger study. Incorporation of carbon sequestration, smoke emissions, NPP, fuel structure modeling with inventory, flux and remote sensing estimates. Completion of the Eastern Landfire Prototype and creation of high resolution vegetation maps and data layers for modeling. Continuation of urban flux tower carbon work, urban to rural gradient experiment, and the Aspen FACE physiological field work. Comparative carbon and NPP studies, and validation using remote sensing, ecosystem models, flux work, and plot work from vegetation mapping, lidar, and high resolution modeling, to enhance global change ecosystem modeling resolution and model scaling efforts.

Louis Iverson Title: Research Landscape Ecologist E-mail: liverson@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/delaware/4153/4153.html Unit: RWU-NE-4153 Quantitative Methods for Modeling and Monitoring Response of Northeastern Forest Ecosystems to Management and Environmental Stresses Telephone: 740-368-0097 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 359 Main Rd. Delaware, OH 43015-8640 Keywords: Potential climate change impacts on eastern forests, Emerald ash borer, Prescribed fire in oak forests, GIS modeling Current Research: Climate change impacts: we have developed models for 135 tree species and 150 bird species on potential impacts of several scenarios of climate change. We use statistical modeling tools related to classification and regression trees; our current favorite tool is random forest. We also use a simulation of migration over 100 years to estimate potential spread of trees into the new suitable habitat made available via climate change. Emerald ash borer: we are modeling the potential spread of the organism through a migration model. We are also assessing and mapping the basal area of potential host (ash) in the region. Prescribed fire and oak restoration: we are evaluating the role of fire in regenerating oak and other tree species across the landscape, including under mesic, intermediate, and xeric conditions (via the Integrated Moisture Index). GIS modeling: we continue to use GIS in modeling outcomes in a variety of projects, currently including the modeling of damage from the tsunami in Aceh Province, Indonesia, in December 2004. Publications: Iverson L.R.; Yaussy, D.A.; Rebbeck, J.; Hutchinson, T.L.; Long, R.P., Prasd, A.M. 2004. A comparison of thermocouples and paints to monitor the spatial and temporal distribution of fire behavior from prescribed fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 13: 311-322. Iverson, L.R.; Prasad, A.M.; Schwartz, M.W. 2005. Predicting potential changes in suitable habitat and distribution by 2100 for tree species of the eastern United States. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology. 61: 29-37. Future Research: As a pioneer in GIS modeling in landscape ecology (over 22 years), I know expanding opportunities continue to make the marriage of ecology and GIS/remote sensing more fruitful and applicable to managing our natural resources. I wish to apply these tools and skills to current and emerging natural resource issues. I would like to increase my research into the international arena, like my recent efforts into assessing disaster issues.

John Kabrick Title: Research Forester E-mail: jkabrick@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4154/ Unit: RWU-NC-4154 Ecology and Management of Central Hardwood Ecosystems Telephone: 573-875-5341 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 202 Natural Resources Building University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211-7260 Keywords: Oak/pine regeneration, Succession and dynamics, Forest response to disturbances, Productivity and sustainability, Silvicultural systems Current Research: I am investigating the ecological processes governing the regeneration and development of oak-dominated forests, woodlands, and savannas, and I am using this information to develop practical, scientific, and ecologically based silvicultural prescriptions. Of particular interest are the interactions between the physical environment (e.g., geological parent material, landform position/aspect, soils, and hydrology) and forest vegetation dynamics; the relationship between site factors and oak decline and mortality; restoration of shortleaf pine and oak mixes; cumulative effects of even-age, uneven-age, and no-harvest management; and the natural and artificial regeneration of bottomland forests. Publications: Kabrick, J.M.; Dey, D.C.; VanSambeek, J.W.; Wallendorf, M.; Gold, M.A. 2005. Soil properties and growth of swamp white oaks and pin oak on bedded soils in the lower Missouri River floodplain. Forest Ecology and Management. 204: 315-327. Kabrick, J.M.; Shifley, S.R.; Jensen, R.G.; Fan, Z.; Larsen. D.R. 2004. Factors associated with oak mortality in Missouri Ozark Forests. In: Yaussy, D.A.; Hix, D.M.; Long, R.P.; Goebel, P.C., eds. 2004. Proceedings, 14th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2004 March 16-19; Wooster, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-316. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 27- 35. [CD-ROM]. Kabrick, J.M.; Shifley, S.R.; Jensen, R.G.; Larsen, D.R.; Grabner, J.K. 2004. Oak forest composition, site index patterns, and dynamics in relation to site factors in the southeastern Missouri Ozarks. In: Spetich, Martin A., ed. Upland oak ecology symposium: history, current conditions, and sustainability. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-73. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 94-101. Future Research: I am interested in developing and evaluating silvicultural systems for sustaining native flora and fauna communities in addition to traditional forest commodities. This includes quantifying the

roles of disturbances and environmental conditions for creating and maintaining various forest and woodland structures over space and time. I also have an interest in developing models for examining the long-term consequences of silvicultural systems on the soil’s ability to supply nutrients and water.

Cherie LeBlanc Title: Social Scientist E-mail: cleblanc@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4902/focus/ Unit: RWU-NC-4902 Natural Environments for Urban Populations Telephone: 847-866-9311 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1033 University Place, Suite 360 Evanston, IL 60201-3172 Keywords: Urban, Sociology, Brownfields Current Research: I provide research support and technical assistance to the scientists in my unit as needed. Examples of current and recent projects include analysis of survey and focus group data related to perceptions, use, and management of an urban lake; analysis of ethnographic data on urban anglers’ thoughts about the risks of eating their catch; and field coordination of a study looking at the impacts of recreation on nesting marsh birds.

Tonya Lister Title: Research Forester E-mail: tlister01@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/fia Unit: RWU-NE-4801 Forest Inventory and Analysis for Northeastern States Telephone: 610-557-4033 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200 Newtown Square, PA 19073-3200 Keywords: Forest soils, Forest fragmentation, GIS analysis, Spatial statistics, Urbanization Current Research: My current work for NE-4801 is in the Analysis Group, where I perform GIS analyses of forest inventory data, conduct forest fragmentation assessments, develop urbanization metrics and urban forestry classification protocols, and perform other analyses in support of FIA's mission. Many of my interests lay in the area of forest soil science. My graduate degree is in forest biology. For my thesis, I worked on the relationship between harvesting method, vegetation control, and soil quality. I have an interest in soil productivity indicators and their relationship to tree growth. Other areas of interest include forest fragmentation and urbanization assessments. I believe that it's important to understand the context in which the FIA plots fall in order to understand the northern forest resource, so one of my research goals is to characterize the forest fragmentation status of the region in different ways and to assess the relationship between it and ecological attributes such as invasive species composition and pest occurrence. I am also interested in the social aspects of fragmentation and urbanization. Publications: I recently helped create and post a tabular database of forest fragmentation metrics calculated for all counties in the Northeast (http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/fia/studies/LDS/index.html) Lister, T.W.; Burger, J.A.; Patterson, S.C. 2004. Role of vegetation in mitigating soil quality impacted by forest harvesting. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 68: 263-271. Lister, A.J.; Lister, T.W.; Riemann, R.; Hoppus, M. 2001. Techniques and considerations for producing fragmentation statistics for FIA. In: McRoberts, R.; et al., eds. Proceedings of the third Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis symposium; 2001 October 17-19; Traverse City, MI. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-230. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station: 156-161. Lister, A.J.; Lister, T.W. [In press]. Post-modeling histogram matching of maps produced using regression trees. In: Proceedings of the sixth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; 2004 September 20- 24; Denver, CO. Future Research: I have a lot of interest in looking at relationships between FIA data and fragmentation metrics to determine if there are any relationships between things like species composition and fragmentation/urbanization indicators (census data, proximity to roads, proximity to urbanized areas, forest patch structural metrics, etc.)

I also have an interest in exploring the relationships between spatial patterns of soils data (either from the Forest Health Monitoring Program or from the NRCS data) and patterns in FIA data. Along those lines, I would like to work on developing empirical site quality models based on the relationship between measured tree growth and various remotely sensed and GIS variables associated with the FIA plots.

Dennis May Title: Program Manager E-mail: dmay@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4801 Unit: RWU-NC-4801 Forest Inventory and Analysis for North Central and Northern Plains States Telephone: 651-649-5123 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1992 Folwell Ave. St Paul, MN 55108 Keywords: Forest, Inventory, Analysis, Monitoring Current Research: Forest inventory, analysis, and monitoring for 11 Midwest States. Publications: Annual inventories in all 11 Midwest States. Future Research: Full delivery of the annual inventory program, and expansion of the grid across all lands with trees (filling the information gap).

Will McWilliams Title: Supervisory Research Forester E-mail: wmcwilliams@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/fia/ Unit: RWU-NE-4801 Forest Inventory and Analysis for Northeastern States Telephone: 610-557-4050 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200 Newtown Square, PA 19073-3200 Keywords: Forest inventory, Regeneration, Forest composition, Sustainability, Forest health Current Research: Analyzing the results of recent inventories of Maine and Pennsylvania’s forests; implementing a regeneration and invasive plants survey for Pennsylvania’s forests; assessing the impact of anthropogenic forces on forest condition; developing new indicators of forest health, and sustainability; and helping design and implement annual inventories for the northern region. Publications: McWilliams, W.H.; Bowersox, T.W.; Brose, P.H.; Devlin, D.A.; Finley, J.C.; Gottschalk, K.W.; Horsley, S.; King, S.L.; LaPoint, B.M.; Lister, T.W.; McCormick, L.H.; Miller, G.W.; Scott, C.T.; Steele, H.; Steiner, K.C.; Stout, S.L.; Westfall, J.A.; White, R.L. 2005. Measuring tree seedlings and associated understory vegetation in Pennsylvania’s forests. In: Proceedings of the fourth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; 2002 November 19-21; New Orleans, LA. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-252. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station: 21-26. McWilliams, W.H.; Alerich, C.A.; Devlin, D.A.; Lister, A.J.; Lister, T.W.; Sterner, S.L.; Westfall, J.A. 2004. Annual inventory report for Pennsylvania’s forests: results from the first three years. Resour. Bull. NE-159. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 95 p. McWilliams, W.H.; Butler, B.J.; Caldwell, L.E.; Griffith, D.M.; Hoppus, M.L.; Laustsen, K.M.; Lister, A.J.; Lister, T.W.; Metzler, J.W.; Morin, R.S.; Sader, S.A.; Stewart, L.B.; Steinman, J.R.; Westfall, J.A.; Williams, D.A.; Whitman, A.; Woodall, C.W. [In press]. The forests of Maine, 2003. Resour. Bull. NE-RB-164. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 188 p. Future Research: Northern Forest Assessment Ecosystem Resource Projections

Thomas More Title: Research Forester E-mail: tmore@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/burlington/research/ne4454/ne4454.htm Unit: NE-4454 Integrating Social and Biophysical Sciences for Resource Management Telephone: 802-951-6771 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station P.O. Box 968 (705 Spear St.) Burlington, VT 05402-0968 Keywords: Recreation, Forest policy, Privatization, Older Americans, Social inequality Current Research: I am currently working on policy issues such as the privatization of public recreation lands and its consequences in a society that is increasingly divided by wealth. In the future I antiicipate doing more with older Americans and their use of, and beliefs about, public lands, especially national forests. Publications: From public to private: Five models of public land management and their consequences. The George Wright Forum. 22(2): 12-20. More, T.; Bulmer, S.; Henzel, L.; Mates, A. 2003. Extending the recreation opportunity spectrum to nonfederal lands in the northeast: an implementation guide. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-309. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 25 p. Future Research: I plan more work on older Americans and their use of national forests; their concerns, capacities, and information they need. More work is also needed on forest recreation and public health, especially for older Americans.

Randall Morin Title: Research Forester E-mail: rsmorin@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/fia/ Unit: RWU-NE-4801 Forest Inventory and Analysis for Northeastern States Telephone: 610-557-4054 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200 Newtown Square, PA 19073-3200 Keywords: Inventory, Forest health, Invasive species, Crown conditions, Biodiversity Current Research: I am a Research Forester in the Great Northern Research Station's (formerly known as the Northeastern Research Station) Research Work Unit NE-4801, Forest Inventory and Analysis (NE-FIA), located in Newtown Square, PA. The NE-FIA unit is one of five such units that make up the national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, which is responsible for conducting a comprehensive and consistent inventory of our Nation's forests. The inventory is based on a network of permanent ground plots where timber attributes are sampled, with a spatial sampling intensity of one plot per approximately 6,000 acres. In addition, forest health indicators are sampled on 1/16th of those plots. Indicators of forest health are broadly delineated by the Criteria and Indicators of Sustainability for reporting under the Montreal Process: understory vegetation, down woody materials (DWM), soils, crowns, tree damage, tree mortality, lichens, and ozone. My current research focuses on landscape-level influences of forest insects, diseases, invasive species, and other biotic and abiotic disturbances on forests. Finally, I assist with NEFIA’s core-reporting requirements of State-level reports. Publications: Morin, R.S.; Liebhold, A.M.; Luzader, E.R.; Lister, A.J.; Gottschalk, K.W.; Twardus, D.B. 2005. Mapping host species abundance of three major exotic forest pests. Res. Pap. NE-726. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 11 p. Morin, R.S.; Liebhold, A.M.; Gottschalk, K.W.; Woodall, C.W.; Twardus, D.B.; White, R.L.; Horsley, S.B.; Ristau, T.E. [In press]. Analysis of forest health monitoring surveys on the Allegheny National Forest (1998-2001). Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-339. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 102 p. Morin, R.S.; Liebhold, A.M.; Tobin, P.C.; Gottschalk, K.W.; Luzader, E.R. [In review]. Spread of beech bark disease in the eastern United States and its relationship to regional forest composition. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. Future Research: My research time is currently allocated between conducting forest health research and being the lead analyst for New Hampshire and Vermont. My research objectives are (1) FIA forest health indicator analysis, (2) effects of disturbances on forests, and (3) insect and disease spread models.

Mark Nelson Title: Research Forester E-mail: mdnelson@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4801 Unit: RWU-NC-4801 Forest Inventory and Analysis for North Central and Northern Great Plains States Telephone: 651-649-5104 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1992 Folwell Ave. St. Paul, MN 55108 Keywords: Remote sensing, Geospatial analysis, Wildlife habitat Current Research: I am a Research Forester in the Forest Inventory and Analysis (NCFIA) Research Work Unit, located in St. Paul, MN. The FIA program is responsible for conducting a comprehensive and consistent inventory of our Nation's forests, including all ownership categories. The FIA program consists of three phases. During phase 1, remote sensing information is used to post-stratify forest inventory sample points to reduce the uncertainty of estimates. In phase 2, a network of permanent ground plots are measured to sample forest attributes. The third and final phase of the FIA inventory involves the sampling of additional Forest Health Indicators on a subsample of phase 2 plots. Remote sensing and GIS are used to support and improve all three phases of FIA. I lead a team of research scientists and resource specialists to provide geospatial expertise to the FIA program. Within this realm, I conduct research on use of satellite remote sensing for enhancing FIA, specifically:

• Integrating forest inventory data with existing satellite image-based and ancillary geospatial information.

• Investigating image classification approaches for improving stratified estimates of forest attributes.

• Conducting geospatial analyses for obtaining more spatially explicit estimates of forest attributes.

Publications: Nelson, M.D. 2005. Satellite remote sensing for enhancing national forest inventory. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota. 167 p. Ph.D. thesis. Nelson, M.D.; McRoberts, R.E.; Hansen, M.C. 2004. Forest land area estimates from Vegetation Continuous Fields. In: Greer, J.D., ed. Remote sensing for field users; proceedings of the 10th biennial Forest Service remote sensing applications conference; 2004 April 5-9; Salt Lake City, UT. American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing: 1-6. [CD-ROM] Future Research: I will be leading a study to produce a nationwide, geospatial dataset containing per pixel estimates of tree cover, forest cover, forest use, and timberland use. Furthermore, forest use and timberland use estimates will be calibrated to match forest inventory estimates over moderate

geographic extents. I am exploring opportunities for integrating forest inventory information with other resource inventories, e.g., wildlife.

David Nowak Title: Project Leader E-mail: dnowak@fs.fed.us URL: www.fs.fed.us/ne/syracuse Unit: RWU-NE-4952 Effects of Urban Forests and their Management on Environmental Quality and Associated Human Health Telephone: 315-448-3212 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station State University of New York-ESF 5 Moon Library Syracuse, NY 13210-2778 Keywords: Urban forestry, Urban forest structure, Air quality, Carbon sequestration, Computer modeling Current Research:

• Assessments of changes in urbanization and urban forest structure and functions nationally (RPA research)

• Local assessments of urban forest structure and functions: air pollution removal; carbon storage and sequestration; biogenic emissions; building of energy conservation; water flows and water quality

• Effects of urban forests on air and water quality • Long-term monitoring of urban vegetation locally and nationally (proposed Urban Forest

Inventory and Analysis Program) • Development of UFORE model—computer model to assess urban forest structure,

function, and value • Functional species selection program

Publications: Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) Model. [Online: www.ufore.org and/or www.i-treetools.org] Nowak, D.J.; Crane, D.E. 2002. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environmental Pollution. 116(3): 381-389. Nowak, D.J.; Civerolo, K.L.; Rao, S.T.; Sistla, G.; Luley, C.J.; Crane, D.E. 2000. A modeling study of the impact of urban trees on ozone. Atmospheric Environment. 34: 1610-1613. Future Research: Future research will continue to focus on urban forest change, structure, and modeling of ecosystem services.

Therese Poland Title: Research Entomologist and Project Leader E-mail: tpoland@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4501/ Unit: RWU-NC-4501 Biology, Ecology, and Management of Exotic Invasive Forest Insects Telephone: 517-355-7740 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1407 S. Harrison Rd. 220 Nisbet Building Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48823 Keywords: Chemical ecology, Bark beetles, Wood borers, Invasives, Pest management Current Research: My current research is focused on detection and control of the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). EAB is a phloem-feeding beetle native to Asia that was determined to be the cause of widespread decline and mortality of ash (Fraxinus sp.) in Detroit, MI, and Windsor, Ontario in July 2002. As of April 2005, the infested area included 20 counties and at least 25 outlier populations in Michigan, 2 counties in Ontario, and several outliers in Indiana and Ohio. It is estimated that roughly 15 million ash trees are dead or dying as a result of EAB infestation in forested and urban areas within the quarantine zone. EAB is regulated by Federal and State quarantines. A plan to contain the infestation, reduce populations, and ultimately eradicate the insect is being implemented. Initially, very little was known about EAB, and the only means to detect and control infestations was to locate infested trees based on visual symptoms and then destroy the trees by cutting them down, chipping them, and burning the chips. My research objectives are to investigate several aspects of EAB biology, including its seasonal development, semiochemical ecology, dispersal capabilities, within-tree distribution, and host finding and mating behavior. I am also investigating control methods, such as the use of systemic and topical insecticides. Publications: Cappaert, D.; McCullough, D.G.; Poland, T.M.; Siegert, N.W. 2005. Emerald ash borer in North America: a research and regulatory challenge. American Entomologist. 51: 152-165. Poland, T.M.; McCullough, D.G. [In press]. Emerald ash borer: invasion of the urban forest and the threat to North America’s ash resource. Journal of Forestry. Poland, T.M.; Haack, R.A.; Petrice, T.R.; Miller, D.L.; Bauer, L.S. [In press]. Laboratory evaluation of the toxicity of systemic insecticides for control of the Asian longhorned beetle and the cottonwood borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. Poland, T.M.; Haack, R.A.; Petrice, T.R.; Miller, D.M.; Bauer, L.S.; Gao, R. [In press]. Field evaluations of systemic insecticides for control of the Asian longhorned beetle in China. Journal of Economic Entomology. Poland, T.M.; de Groot, P.; Burke, S.; Wakerchuk, D.; Haack, R.A.; Nott, R. 2004. Semiochemical disruption of the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytida). Environmental Entomology. 33:221-226.

Poland, T.; de Groot, P.; Burke, S.; Wakerchuk, D.; Haack, R.; Nott, R.; Scarr, T. 2003. Development of a new operational lure for the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 5: 1-8. Poland, T.M.; Haack, R.A.; Petrice, T.R. 2002. Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) initial flight and shoot departure along a north-south gradient. Environmental Entomology. 95: 1195-1204. Poland,T.M.; Haack, R.A.; Petrice,T.R.; Sadof, C.S.; Onstad, D.W. 2000. Dispersal of pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in operational and simulated mill yards. The Canadian Entomologist. 132: 853-856. Future Research: I plan to continue conducting research that addresses four strategies for managing invasive species: (1) predicting and preventing establishment of invasive pests, (2) detecting and eradicating invasive pests, (3) managing and controlling invasives, and (4) restoring landscapes affected by invasives. Preventing establishment offers the most promise for protecting forested landscapes from environmental and economic losses due to invasive species. I plan to evaluate species traits that increase chances for successful invasion and to participate in research to develop risk assessments and predictive models that will allow natural resource managers to identify high-risk areas for pest surveys and detect newly invading species with a high degree of confidence. I plan to develop new methods and technologies to quickly detect and delimit the extent of new infestations and enable eradication. Eradication of newly invading species has proven most effective when new populations are at low densities and still spatially confined. I also plan to continue evaluating strategies for controlling invasive pests.

Richard Pouyat Title: Research Forester E-mail: rpouyat@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/syracuse/ Unit: RWU-NE-4952 Effects of Urban Forests and their Management on Environmental Quality and Associated Human Health Telephone: 410-455-8014 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station UMBC-TRC Bldg., Room 172 5200 Westland Blvd. Baltimore, MD 21227 Keywords: Urban biogeochemistry, Urban soils, Urban ecology Current Research: My research interests are focused on understanding the functional roles of humans in ecological systems, specifically in the effects humans have on soil properties, soil biota, biogeochemical processes, and vegetation dynamics in forest remnants and urban forest ecosystems. These interests can be grouped into three categories: (1) short- and long-term effects of human activity on soil properties located in urban and urbanizing landscapes, (2) urban and suburban environmental effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics, (3) ecosystem responses to urbanization at watershed scales. Publications: Pouyat, R.V.; Carreiro, M.M. 2003. Contrasting controls on decomposition of oak leaf litter along an urban-rural land use gradient. Oecologia. 135: 288-298. Pouyat, R.V.; Belt, K.; Pataki, D.; Groffman, P.M.; Hom, J.; Band, L. [In press]. Urban land-use change effects on biogeochemical cycles. In: Canadell, P.; Pataki, D.; Pitelka, L., eds. Terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world. Global change and terrestrial ecosystems synthesis book. Canberra, Australia. Pouyat, R.V.; Yesilonis, I.; Russell-Anelli, J. [In review]. Soil chemical and physical properties in an urban landscape. Soil Science Society of America Journal. Future Research: My ongoing research goal is to understand the influence of urban land-use change on C and N dynamics. This research would include environmental factors that can influence biogeochemical processes in forest patches located in urban and urbanizing areas, and effects of urban disturbance and horticultural management in the urban-suburban matrix (e.g., development and lawn care). In previous research, I investigated changes in soil properties and C and N dynamics in forest patches along an urban-rural gradient in the New York City and Baltimore City metropolitan areas. My analysis of environmental monitoring data and my investigations of abiotic environmental factors identified patterns in soil chemistry, air temperature, and air quality along these land-use gradients. My analysis of soil C and N data suggested that these abiotic factors were affecting soil and plant biota and biogeochemical processes in remnant forest patches.

To investigate the generality of these results for urban environments, I am collaborating with other scientists to establish study sites associated with urban-rural land-use gradients in other urban metropolitan areas worldwide, e.g., Louisville, KY; Washington, DC; and Budapest, Hungary. In addition, I am collaborating with scientists in these cities to investigate the effect of urban soil disturbance and horticulture management on C and N dynamics with the goal of modifying existing ecosystem models or developing new models to predict the impacts of urban land-use change at local, regional, national, and global scales.

Rachel Riemann Title: Research Forester/Geographer E-mail: rriemann@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/fia/ Unit: RWU-NE-4801 Forest Inventory and Analysis for Northeastern States Telephone: 518-285-5607 Address: c/o USGS 425 Jordan Rd. Troy, NY 12180 Keywords: Spatial modeling, Urbanization/fragmentation, Landscape ecology, Land cover/land use Current Research: My research focuses on taking advantage of and enhancing the forest inventory at all levels to steadily improve our understanding of forested ecosystems and increase our ability to make effective use of that information. The work uses geostatistical, remote sensing, and geographic techniques and currently reaches into several topic areas including:

• Investigations into the urbanization and fragmentation of forest land, including both the ecosystem responses to these changes (e.g., water quality; forest composition and structure) and the development of techniques for identifying and monitoring the most relevant parameters over broad areas.

• Spatial modeling of forest characteristics to provide increasingly detailed and accurate information for spatially explicit research and decisions at national, regional, and even local scales. This research includes the development of uncertainty measures and methods of accuracy assessment that improve our understanding of spatial datasets and increase their utility.

• Development of techniques appropriate to the inventory of all tree cover, not just those areas traditionally defined as forest land.

• Development of techniques to make current FIA data more accessible, even more relevant, and more closely integrated with other sources of landscape, ecosystem, community, and social information.

• Improvement of our understanding and use of both land use and land cover datasets, and the development of techniques to increase the accuracy and utility of these datasets for landscape analyses.

Publications: Riemann Hershey, R. 2000. Modeling the spatial distribution of ten tree species in Pennsylvania. In: Quantifying spatial uncertainty in natural resources: theory and applications for GIS and remote sensing. In: Mowrer, H.T.; Congalton, R.G., eds. Chelsea, MI: Ann Arbor Press: 119-135. Riemann, R.; Lister, A.; Hoppus, M.; Lister, T. 2003. Fragmentation statistics for FIA: designing an approach. In: Proceedings of the third annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; 2001 October 17-19; Traverse City, MI. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-230. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station: 146-155.

Riemann, R. 2003. Pilot inventory of FIA plots traditionally called “nonforest.” Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-312. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 44 p. Future Research:

• Improved integration of FIA-derived information with local and regional planning efforts. • Improved linkage of information available at different scales, of different qualities, of

different accuracies, of differing detail. • Improved integration of FIA-derived information with research into social factors and

drivers.

Herbert Schroeder Title: Research Social Scientist E-mail: hschroeder@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4902/ Unit: RWU-NC-4902 Natural Environments for Urban Populations Telephone: 847-866-9311 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1033 University Place, Suite 360 Evanston, IL 60201-3172 Keywords: Environmental psychology, Perception, Value, Experience Current Research: My field of research is environmental psychology. Most of the research I have done while working for the Forest Service has looked in one way or another at how people experience outdoor environments, with a particular focus on the role of trees and other natural features in people's experience. Some of my research has used quantitative methods to measure people's perceptions of environments and to model the effect of specific features (e.g., numbers and sizes of trees) on environmental preferences. I have also used qualitative, open-ended surveys to identify the experiences, meanings, and values that people associate with outdoor places that are special to them. In addition, I have written summaries and syntheses of approaches for understanding the intangible, hard-to-define values and experiences that people associate with nature (e.g., spiritual values). Currently, I am working with a British urban forestry researcher on an international comparison of residents' satisfaction with the street trees in front of their homes, including their perceptions of specific benefits and annoyances associated with the trees. I am also continuing to synthesize concepts, methods, and theories from several areas of psychology and related disciplines into a framework for understanding how people experience the value of natural environments. Publications: Schroeder, H.W. 2002. Experiencing nature in special places. Journal of Forestry. 100(5): 8-14. Schroeder, H.W. 1996. Psyche, nature, and mystery: some psychological perspectives on the values of natural environments. In: Driver, B.L.; et al., eds. Nature and the human spirit: toward an expanded land management ethic. State College, PA: Venture Publishing: 81-95. Schroeder, H.W. 1991. Preference and meaning of arboretum landscapes: combining quantitative and qualitative data. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 11: 231-248. Future Research: I am interested in continuing and extending my work on experiences and values associated with natural environments. Value can arise from an environment in various ways. Valued products can be created with materials extracted from an environment. Valued services can be provided by ecosystem processes taking place in an environment. Value can also arise directly in a person's experience of actually being in an environment. The value of experiencing natural environments is very important for many people, even though it might be difficult for them to describe or explain in words. I am interested in using ideas and methods from experiential psychology,

phenomenological psychology, and cognitive linguistics to explore experiential value in natural environments, including questions such as: How do natural environments contribute to people's day-to-day experiences of beauty, value, and meaning? What role do psychological processes like perception, conceptual thought, feeling, and imagination play in people's enjoyment and appreciation of natural environments? What impact do human activity and artifacts have on people's experiences of natural environments? How can ineffable experiences of aesthetic and spiritual value associated with natural environments best be understood and communicated in the context of natural resource management? Insight into these questions could help natural resource managers and the public better understand how and why natural environments matter to people and how management policies and decisions affect people who live in and visit natural environments.

Charles Scott Title: Program Manager E-mail: ctscott@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/fia/ Unit: RWU-NE-4801 Forest Inventory and Analysis for Northeastern States Telephone: 610-557-4020 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200 Newtown Square, PA 19073-3200 Keywords: Sampling, Plot design, Biometrics Current Research: I currently manage the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program in the 13 States in the Northeast. As part of the national FIA program, the Northeastern Research Station has been collecting resource information and evaluating trends in growth, mortality, and harvests since the 1940s. The periodic snapshots of the forest resources of each State are being replaced with an annual survey of all 13 States to provide more timely and accurate information on forest resource status and trends for ensuring healthy, sustainable forest land conditions. During my career, I have held two other positions in the Northeastern Research Station besides my current one. I served as a Project Leader for Ecosystem Monitoring and Modeling at our lab in Ohio for 8 years and spent 13 years with FIA researching improved sampling and estimation methods. Publications: Scott, C.T.; Bechtold, W.A.; Reams, G.A.; Smith, W.D.; Westfall, J.A.; Hansen, M.H.; Moisen, G.G. 2005. Sample-based estimators used by the Forest Inventory and Analysis National Information Management System. In: Bechtold, W.A.; Patterson, P.L., eds. The enhanced Forest Inventory and Analysis program- national sampling design and estimation procedures. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-80. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 43-67. Scott, C.T.; Kohl, M. 1994. Sampling with partial replacement and stratification. Forest Science. 40(1): 30-46. Scott, C.T. 1993. Optimal design of a plot cluster for monitoring. In: Rennolls, K.; Gertner, G., eds. Proceedings of the IUFRO S.4.11 conference: the optimal design of forest experiments and forest surveys. London, UK: University of Greenwich: 233-242. Future Research: I am very interested in combining the spatial resolution of imagery and other GIS-layers with sample-based information to estimate attributions for small areas, such as watersheds or individual ownerships. I am also working on developing a monitoring toolkit: monitoring planning software, field manual, data collection software, and data compilation and analysis software. I am also interested in combining these two areas by providing a tool to make small area estimates

based on FIA data alone and then determining optimal methods to select additional plots to augment the FIA estimates.

Kevin Smith Title: Project Leader/Plant Physiologist E-mail: ktsmith@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/durham/4505/mainprojectpagene4505.html Unit: RWU-NE-4505 Forest Sustainability and Tree Response to Injury, Infection, and Environmental Change Telephone: 603-868-7624 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 271 Mast Rd. (P.O. Box 640) Durham, NH 03824-0640 Keywords: Compartmentalization, Dendrochronology, Wood decay fungi, Tree survival strategies, Tree pathology Current Research: My research is focused on the response of trees to injury and infection. Sources of injury may be obvious such as those from fire, storms, and human activity. Less obvious injury may come from changes in soil chemistry due to acid rain. I use tools from dendrochronology, forest pathology, mycology, and chemistry. Current research examines: (1) the recovery of surviving trees following injury from fires, storms, and tree care practices, (2) the applicability and limitations of dendrochemistry to provide markers of environmental change, and (3) the role of the wood decay process to replenish essential elements to forest soils. My work unit emphasizes customer service and delivers research findings and applications to appropriate groups of fellow researchers, practitioners, small business operators, and the general public. Publications: Smith, K.T. 2005. Tree biology and problem trees. Arborist News. 14(2): 24-26. Smith, K.T.; Shortle, W.C. 2001. Conservation of element concentration in xylem sap of red spruce. Trees: Structure and Function. 15: 148-153. Smith, K.T.; Shortle, W.C. 2003. Radial growth of hardwoods following the 1998 ice storm in New Hampshire and Maine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 33: 325-329. Future Research: I am interested in:

1. Improved application of information in tree rings to better understand the impacts of land use, climate, and disturbance on trees.

2. Indicators of physiological processes that assist tree recovery or mortality after disturbance or injury.

3. Improved methods to communicate relevant science findings to practicing arborists, loggers, and foresters.

Stephanie Snyder Title: Operations Research Analyst E-mail: stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/people/Snyder Unit: RWU-NC-4803 Social and Economic Dimensions of Ecosystem Management Telephone: 651-649-5294 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1992 Folwell Ave. St. Paul, MN 55108 Keywords: Optimization modeling, Trade-off analysis, Non-market values, Decision models, Multiple use. Current Research: I produce models and information needed by public and private land managers to understand alternatives, consequences, and tradeoffs associated with a range of land management decisions. The goal of my research is helping to facilitate more effective decisionmaking about how best to balance the host of environmental, social, and economic issues associated with natural resource planning, management, and decision-making. My research (1) supports multi-use planning; (2) identifies effective strategies for selecting habitat reserve sites, planning for open space and scheduling timber harvests; and (3) addresses elements of uncertainty in land management and planning. I am currently developing new models for selecting grassland habitat reserve sites and open spaces in an urbanizing landscape where conservation budgets are limited and land use competition is high. I am also working on studies aimed at quantifying some of the valuable services that forest ecosystems provide. I am currently identifying major factors influencing market prices for forest land in northern Minnesota, which will show what features and characteristics purchasers seek and value when acquiring forested parcels. Publications: Haight, R.G.; Snyder, S.A.; ReVelle, C.S. 2005. Metropolitan open space protection with multiple goals,limited budgets, and uncertain site availability. Conservation Biology. 19(2): 327-337. Snyder, S.A.; Haight, R.G.; ReVelle, C.S. 2004. A scenario optimization model for reserve site selection. Environmental Modeling and Assessment. 9(3): 179-187. Snyder, S.A.; Kilgore, M.A.; Hudson, R.; Donnay, J. [In review]. Determinants of forest land prices in northern Minnesota: a hedonic pricing approach. Submitted to Forest Science. Future Research: I am very interested in conducting research aimed at identifying, quantifying, and estimating the values associated with a range of different ecosystem services. I am most interested in understanding and quantifying the nonmarket values of forested ecosystems and then developing ways to incorporate this information into land management decision-making processes.

Susan Stout Title: Project Leader/Research Silviculturist E-mail: sstout@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/warren/ Unit: RWU-NE-4152 Research to Develop Guidelines and Indicators for Sustaining Forest Ecosystems of Pennsylvania and the Adjacent Allegehny Plateau Region Telephone: 814-563-1040 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Old Route 6 (P.O. Box 267) Irvine, PA 16329-0267 Keywords: Deer impacts, Relative density, Stocking, Science applications, Silviculture of mixed stands, Uneven-age silviculture Current Research: My research interests include measuring crowding and diversity in forests, deer impact on forests, silvicultural systems, and translating results from ecosystem research into practical management guidelines for Pennsylvania’s forests and beyond. Currently, I am collaborating with the Sand County Foundation and several landowners in a demonstration project called the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative. Landowners, land managers, hunters, and scientists are working together to improve both hunting and habitat on a 74,000-acre landscape in northwestern Pennsylvania. My work focuses on assessing vegetative changes in response to changes in deer density and deer impact and on developing indicators of deer impact for practical use. I also collaborate with the Allegheny National Forest in assessments of responses to uneven-age silviculture in mixed hardwoods exposed to overabundant deer. I am an active participant in the annual workshops in sustainable forestry offered by the Warren Forestry Sciences Lab team, and Coordinator of the Northeastern Station's Science Based Technology Applications Program. Publications: Stout, S.L; Brose, P.B.; Gottschalk, K.; Miller, G.W.; Knopp, P.; Rutherford, G.; Deibler, M.; Grank, G.; Gilmore, G. [In press]. SILVAH-OAK: Ensuring adoption by engaging users in the full cycle of forest research. In: Proceedings, International Conference on Transfer of Forest Science Knowledge and Technology; 2005 May 10-13; Troutdale, OR: McManamins Edgefield. Horsley, S.B.; Stout, S.L.; deCalesta, D.S. 2003. White-tailed deer impact on the vegetation dynamics of a northern hardwood forest. Ecological Applications. 38(1): 98-118. Future Research: I anticipate continuing work on all the themes identified above. In addition, I hope that within the new Northern Station there will be opportunities for interdisciplinary research, including social science, to address the barriers to implementation of science-based management on private lands in our region. I am also involved with a team that has resubmitted a National Science Foundation grant application to study recovery from wind disturbance with and without salvage. The application received very favorable reviews after first submission.

Erika Svendsen Title: Social Science Researcher E-mail: esvendsen@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/burlington/ Unit: RWU-NE-4454 Integrating Social and Biophysical Sciences for Natural Resource Management Telephone: 212-637-3598 Address: c/o US EPA Region 2 290 Broadway, 26th Floor New York, NY 10005 Keywords: Urban stewardship, Green infrastructure, Quality of life, Public health, Ecological workforce Current Research: My research focus is on issues related to urban stewardship, green infrastructure and design, and public health. I am currently working on projects that relate to my dissertation, Landscapes of resilience: the production and function of urban open space and local-global management regimes. This research is on emergent forms of urban land-based stewardship and understanding them as types of civic innovation and spatial influence within the East Coast Megalopolis. Using a photo-elicitation approach, I am collaborating with researchers within the Forest Service to understand the role of citizen participation in urban land use (i.e., Baltimore Watershed 263; Living Memorials). I am working in partnership with faculty at Columbia University, the New York City Parks Forestry Division, the New York City Department of Public Health, and the National Park Service on the Harlem River Health-shed Project. Inspired by work in Baltimore, this project uses an ecosystem approach to combine neighborhood plans of action and research partnerships to support neighborhood-based public health and open space initiatives. Publications: Svendsen, E.; Marshall, V.; Ufer, M.F. 2006. Urban field guide: applying social forestry observation techniques to the east coast megalopolis. AD Journal. London, UK: Wiley and Sons: 26-31. Svendsen, E.S.; Campbell, L.K. 2005. Living Memorials Project: year 1 social and site assessment. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-333. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 123 p. (National Registry www.livingmemorialsproject.net) Svendsen, E.S.; Campbell, L.K. 2005. The Urban Ecology Collaborative Assessment: understanding the structure, function, and network of local environmental stewardship, a multi-city report submitted to Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry. November. 53 p. Future Research: I am interested in doing comparative analysis of urban stewardship regimes in other cities and countries as well as expanding the Harlem Health-shed Model into a citywide planning tool. As part of my interest in green infrastructure and ecosystem services, I would like to explore the potential of cultivating an urban ecological workforce.

Mark Twery Title: Project Leader E-mail: mtwery@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/burlington Unit: RWU-NE-4454 Integrating Social and Biophysical Sciences for Natural Resource Management Telephone: 802-951-6771 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 705 Spear St. (P.O. Box 968) Burlington, VT 05402-0968 Keywords: Forest management, Decision support, Regeneration, Biodiversity Current Research: My primary personal research focus is NED, a set of decision-support tools for forest management for multiple benefits. Other research interests include biotic disturbances in forests, regeneration dynamics, stand development, and the roles of humans in the ecosystem. I have active studies examining the effects of various silvicultural practices on several different components of the forest, including the trees, vascular flora, deer browsing, and salamanders. I am participating in several studies of beech bark disease, focusing on its effects on the composition and structure of the residual forest. I have ongoing work addressing public participation in forest planning activities. I am active in working with educators to develop environmental literacy components to public school curricula. I have collaborative studies working with managers of reservoirs and city parks to develop forest management plans for their properties. Publications: Twery, M.J.; Knopp, P.D.; Thomasma, S.A.; Rauscher, H.M.; Nute, D.E.; Potter, W.D.; Maier, F.; Wang, J.; Dass, M.; Uchiyama, H.; Glende, A.; Hoffman, R.E. 2005. NED-2: a decision support system for integrated forest ecosystem management. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 49(1): 24-43. Nute, D.; Potter, W.D.; Cheng, Z.; Dass, M.; Glende, A.; Maier, F.; Routh, C.; Uchiyama, H.; Wang, J.; Witzig, S.; Twery, M.; Knopp, P.; Thomasma, S.; Rauscher, H.M. 2005. A method for integrating multiple components in a decision support system. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 49(1): 44-59. Future Research:

• Develop integrated decision-support systems for forest management for multiple benefits. • Investigate relative effects of different silvicultural systems for a variety of forest benefits. • Provide tools for urban forest managers to evaluate alternative management activities on

their forested properties.

• Jeffrey Walton Title: Research Forester E-mail: jeffreywalton@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/syracuse/ Unit: RWU-NE-4952 Effects of Urban Forests and their Management on Human Health and Environmental Telephone: 315-448-3213 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station State College of New York-ESF 5 Moon Library Syracuse, NY 13210-2778 Keywords: Urban forestry, Remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems, Land cover mapping, Spatial environmental modeling Current Research: We are currently working in cooperation with the USGS EROS Data Center to develop the NLCD 2001 impervious surface and tree canopy map layers for New York and southern New England. Once the NLCD 2001 is complete, we will analyze the tree cover in urban areas throughout the U.S. Additionally, we are developing spatial tools to facilitate sampling, analysis, and presentation of urban forestry inventory data as part of the UFORE (Urban Forest Effects Model) and i-Tree projects. Publications: NLCD 2001 impervious surface and tree canopy maps for USGS mapping zones 64 and 65. Nowak, D.J.; Walton, J.T. [In press]. Projected urban growth and its estimated impact on the U.S. forest resource (2000-2050). Journal of Forestry. Nowak, D.J.; Walton, J.T.; Dwyer, J.F.; Kaya, L.G.; Myeong, S. [In press]. The increasing influence of urban environments on U.S. forest management. Journal of Forestry. Walton, J.T. 2005. An investigation of national tree canopy assessments applied to urban forestry. Syracuse, NY: State University of New York, College of Environmental Science. Ph.D. dissertation. 95 p. Future Research: We will continue with the national-scale urban forest cover assessments and analyses. We also plan to incorporate spatial modeling and numerical optimization techniques with the UFORE structure/function model to maximize benefits of urban forests.

Lynne Westphal Title: Project Leader/Research Social Scientist E-mail: lwestphal@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4902/ Unit: RWU-NC-4902 Natural Environments for Urban Populations Telephone: 847-866-9311 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1033 University Place, Suite 360 Evanston, IL 60201-3172 Keywords: Social benefits, Participation, Urban ecosystems Current Research: Two primary suites of projects—one in the Calumet rustbelt landscape of southeast Chicago and northwest Indiana, the other in the Iowa corn belt landscape—consume my research time. In both places I am involved in projects that look at the potential of computer modeling as a participatory decision-making tool. Other projects include understanding people’s perceptions of their local environments and the ways that local environments impact sense of self, sense of community, and overall quality of life. I mostly use qualitative research methods. Publications: Westphal, L.M. 2000. Increasing the trustworthiness of research results: the role of computers in qualitative text analysis. In: Bengston, David N., ed. Applications of computer-aided text analysis in natural resources. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-211. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station: 1-6. Westphal, L.M. 2003. Urban greening and social benefits: a study of empowerment outcomes. Journal of Arboriculture. 29(3): 137-147. Westphal, L.M.; Gobster, P.H. 1995. Legacy of the Clean Water Act: impacts of water quality on urban river recreationists. Thompson, J.L.; Lime, D.W.; Gartner, B.; Sames, W.M., eds. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota College of Natural Resources and the Minnesota Extension Service: 620-624. Future Research: Understanding why, when we know so much about what makes for good participation, we still have such bad participatory decisionmaking in (among other things) management of natural areas. Understanding the fundamental impacts that living in aesthetically appealing or unappealing places have on people's well-being. Continuing the integration of social, biological, and physical disciplines in natural resources research.

B. Tyler Wilson Title: Research Forester E-mail: barrywilson@fs.fed.us URL: http://ncrs.fs.fed.us/4801/ Unit: RWU-NC-4801 Forest Inventory and Analysis for North Central and Northern Great Plains States Telephone: 651-649-5189 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1992 Folwell Ave. St. Paul, MN 55108 Keywords: Remote sensing, Geospatial modeling, Estimation, Information technology, Web services Current Research: I currently serve as the Data Distribution Team leader on the National FIA Information Management Band. In that role, my research focuses on developing more efficient and effective means for sharing FIA data and information products with our stakeholders. Primarily, this has been through the development of a service-oriented architecture and implemented through Web services and Web client interfaces. The goal of this research is to facilitate the sharing of not only FIA data but also the associated logic for processing and analyzing it. Recent products: Wilson, B.T.; Ibes, W.S. 2005. Forest Inventory and Analysis Information Delivery Architecture. DEXA Workshops. 2005: 706-710. Wilson, B.T.; Hansen, M.H.; McRoberts, R.E. 2005. Validation of geospatial models using equivalence tests. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, FHTET-2005-12: 203-212. Vatsavai, R.R.; Burk, T.E.; Wilson, B.T.; Shekhar, S. 2000. A web-based browsing and spatial analysis system for natural resource analysis and mapping. ACM-GIS. 2000: 95-101. Future Research: I have begun researching ways of improving the process of producing maps from the plot data the FIA program collects. This research focuses on using nearest-neighbor imputation techniques along with various geospatial predictor datasets to produce moderate resolution maps of forest attributes. This research has two goals: to make map production more efficient and to improve the accuracy of population estimates derived from these maps.

Patrick Zollner Title: Research Ecologist E-mail: pzollner@fs.fed.us URL: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4153/patrick_zollner.asp Unit: RWU-NC-4153 Principles of Landscape Ecology for Managing Temperate Forests Telephone: 715-362-1150 Address: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 5985 Hwy K Rhinelander WI 54501-9128 Keywords: Landscape ecology, Wildlife habitat, Simulation modeling, Animal behavior, Forest management Current Research: Behavioral Ecology of Ecological Landscapes. Recent advances in landscape-level ecological modeling rely upon a rarely acknowledged and often unappreciated behavioral “standard of plausibility.” This reliance can be attributed to our poor understanding, at the landscape level, of basic behavioral processes such as movement and habitat selection. My research program studies such phenomena, which are of interest to both landscape and behavioral ecology, with the goal of establishing a productive union between these disciplines. My empirical work focuses on how mammals respond to landscape patterns of habitat. My theoretical work focuses on spatially explicit dispersal simulations. Landscape-Level Perceptual Abilities. The notion of a perceptual range of some sort appears in many spatially explicit population models. However, we know next to nothing about the abilities of most animals (especially vertebrates) to detect habitat at a distance. My dissertation research on white-footed mice documented the extent of these abilities and demonstrated that perceptual range is sensitive to both ambient illumination and cover type in the matrix. I have also measured the perceptual abilities of eastern chipmunks, gray squirrels, and fox squirrels, and found that such abilities are correlated with the tendency of these species to occupy isolated forest fragments. Landscape-Level Search Strategies. Spatially explicit population models frequently impose rules of movement on simulated animals without considering their efficacy relative to other rules. I devised a computer simulation of an animal leaving a habitat patch in a fragmented/patchy landscape to search for a new patch. I used this model to examine which search strategy maximized the probability of successful dispersal with respect to landscape and behavioral characteristics and to examine the optimal solutions to behavioral tradeoffs faced by animals during such movements. I have parameterized this model with estimates from my empirical work on small mammals. This new application will provide more realistic sensitivity analyses of the effects of specific behaviors and their interactions with landscape structure. Risk of Predation and Other Perceptions. My interests include other aspects of how species use and perceive the environment around them and the risks that the environment imposes. Ultimately, all this work relates back to links between animal behavior and landscape patterns. Forest Management and Changing Landscapes. Landscapes are significantly changed by human activity, and we need to develop a better understanding of the ecological consequences of changes resulting from resource management. I am using LANDIS (a comprehensive simulation model of forest succession) to investigate the influence of different forest management strategies

on landscape composition and structure while providing valuable insight into the implications of different management scenarios for the Chequamegon/Nicolet National Forest. Publications: Lima S.L.; Zollner, P.A. 1996. Towards a behavioral ecology of ecological landscapes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 11: 131-135. Zollner, P.A.; Gustafson, E.J.; He, H.S.; Radeloff, V.C.; Mladenoff, D.J. 2005. Modeling the influence of dynamic zoning of forest harvesting on ecological succession in a northern hardwoods forest. Environmental Management. 35(4): 410-425. Zollner, P.A.; Lima, S.L. 2005. Behavioral trade-offs when dispersing across a patchy landscape. Oikos. 108: 219-230. Future Research: Animal Movements in Complex Landscapes. Little is known about how animals respond to features such as habitat composition, habitat structure, and habitat edges while moving in a landscape. Ongoing empirical investigations, research, and collaborations will be used to parameterize a simulation of dispersal in more complex landscapes for several model species (eastern chipmunk, American marten, lynx). This new simulation will be linked to output from LANDIS to assess the sensitivity of each model species to alternative land management scenarios and to investigate the sensitivity of dispersal to interactions between landscape characteristics and behavioral characteristics of animals. Simulating Spatially Explicit Responses to Human Disturbance. As human populations continue to grow, animals are increasingly affected by recreating humans, and our ability to predict these impacts is limited. Recent collaboration led me to adapt my animal movement simulations to address this phenomenon in a spatially explicit manner.