CONTRACEPTION

THE ACTIVE PREVENTION OF PREGNANCY

Total Abstinence – How it works

No sexual contact until marriage Oral Anal Vaginal

Abstinence Only 100% method Protects against

STI No physical side

effects Can be used any

time Nothing to

purchase

Requires commitment and self-control by both partners

Social pressure to engage in intercourse

Many people fail to use protection when abstinence ends

AbstinenceEffectiveness Perfect Use: 100%

IF used consistently and correctly

Typical Use: Unknown, depends on the user

AbstinenceWithdrawal Nothing to

purchase Available as a last

resort, *can always say NO

Dependent completely on the male partner

Requires great control May affect pleasure No STI protection Not a method

recommended for adolescents

AbstinenceWithdrawal – How it works Sexual Intercourse – Male withdraws his

penis and ejaculates outside of the vagina.

WithdrawalEffectiveness Varies: failure rate

increases if the male does not predict and control ejaculation correctly

<75%

Rhythm – How it Works Tracking a female’s

menstrual cycle. Not having

intercourse while an egg is in the fallopian tubes

Effectiveness Not advised for

teens due to changing cycles

Extremely dangerous

Consult Dr. About 50%

Barrier vs Chemical

Male Condom – How it Works

Barrier Method Latex sheath placed over the penis Catches & holds seminal fluid in

‘reservoir tip’

MechanicalMale Condom

• Also protects against STI

• Male involvement• Inexpensive• Over the Counter

(otc)• May help delay

ejaculation

May leak or break if used incorrectly

Requires preparation and planning

Expire Storage 1 time use only

Male CondomEffectiveness Perfect Use: 98% if

used correctly and consistently

Typical Use: 85%

MechanicalFemale Condom

Barrier Method Latex sheath placed inside vagina,

closed end at cervix, open end outside.

Penis is placed into it and it prevents fluid entering vaginal canal

MechanicalFemale Condom Also protects

against STI Available OTC Alternative for

people with latex allergies

Requires high level of comfort with one’s body

May be difficult to insert May become dislodged

during intercourse Requires preparation and

planning Expire Storage 1 time use only

Female CondomEffectiveness Perfect Use: 95% if

used correctly and consistently

Typical Use: 79%

MechanicalDiaphragm/Cervical Cap

Barrier method placed over the cervix. Blocks sperm cells from entering

Spermicide affects the way sperm cells move

Mechanical Diaphragm/Cervical Cap

Barrier method that covers the cervix Used with spermicide Must be fitted by Dr.

Mechanical Diaphragm/Cervical Cap Can be inserted in

advance of intercourse

Can remain in place for multiple acts

Used with spermicide

Reusable

Requires high level of comfort with one’s body

Requires fitting by clinician

May be difficult to insert Limited STI protection,

possible irritation by spermicide that could facilitate STI transmission

Diaphragm/Cervical CapEffectiveness Perfect Use: 91%

cap 94% diaphragm

If used correctly and consistently

Typical Use: 84%

Diaphragms / Caps

Chemical / MechanicalIntraUterin Device

Affects way sperm cells move T shaped device inserted into the

uterus Alters the uterine lining preventing a

fertilized egg from implanting *2 types, hormonal and non-hormonal

Hormonal method prevents ovulation

IUD Can stay in place

for up to 10 years. Nothing to apply or

insert at time of intercourse

No STI protection Dr must insert and

remove Cost Rare complications

Effectiveness

Perfect/typical use: 99% $500-$1,000

Chemical / MechanicalSponge – How it Works

Barrier placed against cervix that contains spermicide

One time use only

Chemical / MechanicalVaginal Sponge

Inserted in advance of intercourse

2 methods of protection

Difficult to insert or remove

May become dislodged

Difficult to find in stores

May cause irritation

Cost, $9-15 for pack of 3

Sponge - Effectiveness

Perfect Use: 91% Typical Use: 88%

ChemicalBirth Control Pill – How it Works

Hormonal method that prevents ovulation

Pill taken by mouth each day of cycle. No egg, no possibility of pregnancy

ChemicalThe Birth Control Pill Nothing to apply or insert

at time of intercourse More regular, Shorter

periods Ability to become

pregnant returns quickly when use is stopped

Protects against painful, heavy, or irregular periods

Must remember to take daily

Possible side effects: nausea, breast tenderness, weight gain or loss

Rare but serious health risks (Blood clots, heart attack, & stroke - these risks are higher for women over 35 who smoke)

No STI protection

The PillEffectiveness Perfect Use: 99+% Typical Use: 92%

ChemicalPatch – How it Works

A hormonal patch worn on the skin for 3 weeks preventing ovulation

Not worn for 1 week, menstruation

ChemicalBirth Control Patch Continuous

protection against pregnancy for 1 month

Nothing to apply or insert at time of intercourse

Must remember to replace patch weekly and not wear it the week of menstruation

Visible Not available in all

skin tones No STI protection

The PatchEffectiveness Perfect Use: 99+% Typical Use: 92%

ChemicalVaginal Ring – How it Works

The vaginal ring is a small, flexible ring a woman inserts into her vagina once a month to prevent pregnancy. It is left in place for three weeks and taken out for the remaining week each month. The vaginal ring is commonly called NuvaRing, its brand name.

ChemicalVaginal Ring

Nothing to apply or insert at time of intercourse

Can regulate menstrual cycle

Hormonal Cost - $35-250 No STI protection Nausea Weight gain/loss Risky for those

over 35 who smoke

ChemicalVaginal Ring

Perfect use: 99% Typical use: 91%

ChemicalSpermicide - How It Works Contraceptive foams block the entrance to the

uterus with bubbles and contain a spermicide that immobilizes sperm.

Contraceptive creams, jellies, film, and suppositories melt into a thick liquid throughout the vagina. They block the entrance to the uterus and contain spermicide that immobilizes sperm.

ChemicalSpermicides Available otc in a

variety of forms (creams, foams, gels, suppositories)

Adds lubrication

Timing: must insert close to each intercourse

May cause allergic reaction

Possibility of irritation that could facilitate STI transmission

No STI Protection

SpermicideEffectiveness Perfect Use: 85% if

used correctly and consistently

Typical Use: 71%

ChemicalInjection – How it Works

An injection by a Doctor once every 3 months that is a hormonal method that prevents pregnancy

ChemicalInjection Continuous protection

against pregnancy for 3 months

Nothing to apply or insert at time of intercourse

Menstruation stops for over half of women (some may not consider this an advantage)

Private

Requires injection Must remember to get

shot Side effects: weight

gain, irregular periods, headaches

Return to fertility may take several months

NO STI protection

InjectionEffectiveness Perfect Use: 99+% Typical Use: 97% Cost: $240-580 per

year

ChemicalNorplant – How it Works

The progestin in the birth control implant works by keeping a woman's ovaries from releasing eggs — ovulation.

The hormone in the implant also prevents pregnancy by thickening a woman's cervical mucus. The mucus blocks sperm and keeps it from joining with an egg.

Implant The ability to become

pregnant returns quickly when you stop using the implant.

It can be used while breastfeeding.

It can be used by women who cannot take estrogen.

It gives continuous long-lasting birth control without sterilization.

There is no medicine to take every day.

Nothing needs to be put in place before vaginal intercourse.

headache rarely, an infection

or pain in the arm nausea pain at the insertion

site weight gain

Norplant – Effectiveness

Typical/Perfect Use: 99%

ChemicalEmergency Contraceptive – How It Works Prevents ovulation Thins the lining of the uterus Thickens cervical mucus to act as a barrier

method Must be taken within 120 hours (5 days) of

unprotected sex or sex where an ‘accident’ happened - ***the sooner the better.***

Emergency contraception should not be used as a form of ongoing birth control because there are other forms of birth control that are a lot more effective.

ChemicalEmergency Contraception Pill

Relatively safe No known reports

of serious side effects

Its Plan B, not ‘THE method’

Nausea breast tenderness irregular bleeding dizziness headaches If you use the

morning-after pill frequently, it may cause your period to be irregular.

ECPCost

The cost of emergency contraception varies a great deal. It may cost anywhere from $10 to $70. If you are not 17 and need a prescription, the health center visit may cost up to $250, depending on where you live.

ECP- Effectiveness

89% effective Pill only protects against pregnancy

for prior acts. Will not protect against future situations. Risk increases over time.

If the female does not have her period within three weeks she should consider a pregnancy test.

PermanentVasectomy – How it Works

Vasectomy is a form of birth control for men that is meant to be permanent.

During vasectomy, a health care provider closes or blocks the tubes that carry sperm. When the tubes are closed, sperm cannot leave a man's body and cause pregnancy.

Vasectomy Permanent – feel

that family is ‘complete’

Non-hormonal

Surgery – bruising, soreness, risk of infection

Cost - $350 - $1,000

Rare complications with surgery

Vasectomyeffectiveness

99+% However, vasectomy is not

immediately effective. Sperm remains beyond the blocked tubes

Permanent Tubal Ligation – How it works During a sterilization procedure, a health

care provider closes or blocks a woman's fallopian tubes. Closing the tubes can be done in several ways.

One way is by tying and cutting the tubes — this is called tubal ligation. The fallopian tubes also can be sealed using an instrument with an electrical current. They also can be closed with clips, clamps, or rings. Sometimes, a small piece of the tube is removed.

Sometimes, tiny inserts are put in the tubes. Tissue grows around them and blocks the tubes. The brand names for these types of sterilization are Adiana and Essure. 

Female Sterilization Permanent Safe & Highly

effective

Cost - $1,500 - $6,000

Surgery Rare complications Family changes

Female Sterilization Sterilization is nearly 100 percent effective. For every 1,000 women who have Essure,

fewer than 3 will become pregnant. For every 1,000 women who have

traditional incision methods, about 5 will become pregnant.

For every 1,000 women who have Adiana, fewer than 20 will become pregnant.

Most kinds of sterilization for women are effective right away. But it takes about three months before Adiana and Essure are effective.