Continuing Professional Development Continuing Professional Development (CPD) in Pharmacy(CPD) in Pharmacy

Abdelrahman Ahmed, Abdelrahman Ahmed, BPharm MSc PhDBPharm MSc PhD

CoAcS, UKCoAcS, UK

Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation

• The Concept of CPD The Concept of CPD – Definitions and what it means in practiceDefinitions and what it means in practice

• The Drivers for CPDThe Drivers for CPD

• The Implementation of CPDThe Implementation of CPD– UK modelUK model– Sudan modelSudan model

What is CPD ?What is CPD ?

‘..The responsibility of individual pharmacists he responsibility of individual pharmacists for for systematic maintenance, development and systematic maintenance, development and broadening broadening of of knowledge, skills and attitude knowledge, skills and attitude to to ensure continuing ensure continuing competence competence as a professional as a professional throughout their careersthroughout their careers’ ’

FIP statement of professional standards: CPD (2002)FIP statement of professional standards: CPD (2002)

Core components of CPD:

1. Keeping up to date of new development in terms of knowledge, skills and technology

2. Enhancing knowledge and skills in order to respond and adapt to changing environment

3. Developing personal and professional capabilities

CPD is “ .. CPD is “ .. a continual process of lifelong learning and include everything verything that you learn that makes you better that you learn that makes you better able to do your job as a pharmacy able to do your job as a pharmacy professional ”.. professional ”..

…………. in a nutshell:. in a nutshell:

General Pharmaceutical Council, Plan and Record, 2011

The Drivers for CPDDrivers for CPD

Importance and purpose of CPD

– Developing professional knowledge and competence is one of the core principles

– Duty of care: The Pharmacists are THE experts in medicine and their use. They are responsible for their safe supply and use by the patients and the public

– Patients and the public have a right to be confident that

professionals providing health care remain competent throughout their working lives

Ethics and Professionalism

“Code of Ethics”

Healthcare landscape is changing rapidly and professionals have to keep up with these changes:

•Technological advances

• Digital revolution: impact on access and transmission of health information: EPS, EMR.

• Explosion of new knowledge in healthcare sciences (advances in molecular biology, biotechnology)

Pharmacist’s role in changing healthcare environment

Rising public and patients expectations

• Health information availability (internet)

• increasing role of self-medication (OTC)

• Public awareness of medication errors

Increasing healthcare demands

• Aging populations ... Multiple long term conditions

• More complex drug therapy/ use of polypharmacy

• Poor medication adherence

Integrating pharmacists:» Pharmacists in team-based healthcare model» Multidisciplinary / interdisciplinary care approaches

A paradigm shift in pharmacy practice » Product-focused Patient-focusedProduct-focused Patient-focused» Role of pharmacist Healthcare providerRole of pharmacist Healthcare provider

“The Pharmaceutical Care Concept”

– Direct patient careDirect patient care: : responsibility for individual patient’s responsibility for individual patient’s medicine-related needs/ improve patient outcomesmedicine-related needs/ improve patient outcomes

– Responsibility for the provision of pharmaceutical care in Responsibility for the provision of pharmaceutical care in all practice settingsall practice settings

The growing role and importance of pharmacists

Pharmacists delivering expanded clinical services across a variety of settings

Pharmacy Education

• Traditional pharmacy educationTraditional pharmacy education– Emphasis on science based learning & technical aspects Emphasis on science based learning & technical aspects

of pharmacyof pharmacy– Curriculum does notCurriculum does not prepare students for their future prepare students for their future

professional practice professional practice

• Modern pharmacy degree programmeModern pharmacy degree programme– Curriculum designed to prepare graduates for Curriculum designed to prepare graduates for

contemporary pharmacy practicecontemporary pharmacy practice– However, it does not However, it does not equip graduates with skills they equip graduates with skills they

need throughout their working careerneed throughout their working career

Implementation of CPD

CPD models: A global viewCPD models: A global viewBaseline on current status and trendsBaseline on current status and trends

FIP 2014 FIP 2014

Countries mainly differ in the following:

Type of system: CE or CPD or CPD/CE Mandatory or voluntary schemes Presence or absence of rewards

Consequences of non-compliance

System requirements: credit point system,

portfolio, etc.

Some important findings of the report: •Many countries are in various developmental stages of CPD/CE implementation

•General trend of adoption of CPD system to expand the traditional CE is increasing

•For those countries that have requirement for maintaining registration the majority of counties use credit or point system

•Some countries use portfolio in combination with credit or point system

CPD/CE range of activities

Work based learning

Professional activities

Formal / Educational

Self-directed learning

other

e.g., experiential learning, in-service training, secondment, supervision

e.g., relevant transferable skills

e.g., reading journals, reviewing books, articles,reflective practice

e.g., writing articles/ papers, attending training courses or scientific meetings, gaining qualifications

e.g., giving presentation at conferences, Involvement in professional bodies, networking

UK Model

The UK approach to CPD implementation

• Up to 1990s:– Pharmacists undertook ≥ 30 hours CE activity each year

• Late 1990s:– A paradigm shift from CE to CPD framework – CE alone was deemed insufficient for successfully fulfilling the

learning needs of pharmacists and for ensuring “fitness-to-practice”

• 1999: CPD approach piloted

• 2005: CPD mandatory to all registered pharmacists

CPD four-stage

cyclical process

Distinctive features of CPD modelDistinctive features of CPD model

– Helping individuals identify their own learning needs

– Perform their own preferred method of learning

– Practice related- recognising learning that occurs in the workplace

– Outcomes-focused approachOutcomes-focused approach

CPD template and Online recording CPD template and Online recording

www.uptodate.org.uk

www.uptodate.org.uk

CPD Online Tablet Version

Taps for navigating through stages of CPD cycle

What do you want to learn?.. to be able to do?Relevance of learning : to pharmacy practice? your scope

of practice?

Learning that starts at reflection

Planning section

When do you need to know this?

What have you learnt?

Action section

What have been or what will be the benefits to your

practice?

Have you fully met your learning objective?

Evaluation section

All pharmacists (All pharmacists (and pharmacy techniciansand pharmacy technicians) must meet ) must meet the standards for CPD set out by the GPhCthe standards for CPD set out by the GPhC::

– Minimum of 9 CPD entries per year (covering whole scope of practice)

– CPD is monitored & reviewed by independent CPD is monitored & reviewed by independent assessorsassessors

– CPD Portfolio to be submitted for review every 5 yearsCPD Portfolio to be submitted for review every 5 years

– Failure to submit may result in removing from RegisterFailure to submit may result in removing from Register

CPD requirements

SUDAN PHARMACISTSSUDAN PHARMACISTS

CPD SystemCPD System

www.sudanpharmacistscpd.orgwww.sudanpharmacistscpd.org

Two principal modulesTwo principal modules

• Members area:Members area:– Catalogue of CE material/ CPD activitiesCatalogue of CE material/ CPD activities– Details of the members and their CPD recordsDetails of the members and their CPD records– Create, view and edit individual recordsCreate, view and edit individual records

• Administration area:Administration area:– Professional body can view, evaluate and Professional body can view, evaluate and

maintain the records database maintain the records database

Members areaMembers area

 •The initial pages are open to anyone accessing the website

•A welcome page and a menu that allows navigation to further pages :

• About CPD• Implementation• Focus group• News and Events• Contact Details

Members’ area: Login

Update members details

See CE material available at the centre

View CPD record

CPD material

By clicking on View Centre CPD button CE material can be selected

The CE material may be one of several types of activity including:

Reading an article in a professional journal

Computer Aided Learning (CAL) material

Attending a seminar, workshop or conference

Using online CE material

After selecting a CE activity from the Centre CPD pages, the pharmacist can access the material online by clicking the “Link” button.

Updating CPD record

When the CE activity has been completed, the completion date is added to the CPD record

Different CE activities will be awarded different credit values by the CPD Centre 

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“..CPD is not an optional extra .... it is part of being professional, of being a Pharmacist, part of our normal behaviour and practice...”

( Douglas Hancox, PJ, 2002)

THANK YOU !!

The CPD Requirements

CPD standards CPD framework CPD guide