Context clues help a reader figure out the meaning of unfamiliar words.

There are many ways to use the context, or the words around a word, to help determine its meaning.

Apposition – the meaning of a word follows the word. The appositive is usually set off by commas.

The Pekingese, a small dog breed, makes a good pet.

Synonyms – another word in the sentence, or in a nearby sentence, has the same meaning as the unfamiliar word.

The ominous clouds were threatening rain.

Direct explanation – the sentence is a definition A pension is a fixed payment to a retired person.

Comparison – compares the word with something the reader can visualize; often uses like or as (simile)

Like a pirates treasure chest, the coffer was overflowing with gems.

Description – the object is described, but the word is not directly definedThe full petals of the chrysanthemum, and its wide variety of colors,

makes it very popular.

Example – gives and example of the object or action namedAlvin enjoys reading and hiking. Another avocation of his is drawing.

Contrast/Antonyms – gives an opposite or “unlike” clue about a word’s meaning

Unlike codeine, aspirin is not a prescription pain medication.