CONTENTS · SCIENCE sciencemag.org 31 JULY 2020 • VOL 369 ISSUE 6503 481 CREDIT: M. KOLMER ET AL....
3
INSIGHTS POLICY FORUM 500 COVID-19 risks to global food security Economic fallout and food supply chain disruptions require attention from policy-makers By D. Laborde et al. PERSPECTIVES 503 Mapping the clean air haves and have-nots The distribution of air pollution has changed little, perpetuating disparities in exposure By L. Ma REPORT p. 575 480 31 JULY 2020 • VOL 369 ISSUE 6503 sciencemag.org SCIENCE PHOTO: JIAN HUANG NEWS IN BRIEF 484 News at a glance IN DEPTH 487 Wuhan coronavirus hunter Shi Zhengli speaks out China’s “Bat Woman” denies responsibility for the pandemic, demands apology from Trump By J. Cohen PODCAST 489 Global plan seeks to promote vaccine equity, spread risks Poor countries fear ending up at the end of the queue By K. Kupferschmidt 490 Hidden predictability in winds could improve climate forecasts Study finds climate models are missing wind patterns, casting doubt on long-term forecasts of rain and storms By P. Voosen 491 How an ancient microbial arms race remodeled human cells Study traces genetic responses to pathogens back to ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans By A. Gibbons 493 Mountains and monsoons created Tibetan biodiversity The rise of the Hengduan range 30 million years ago kick-started evolution of world’s oldest alpine flora By E. Stokstad REPORT p. 578 504 Can we predict solar flares? A physics-based model may help improve space weather forecasts By A. M. Veronig REPORT p. 587 506 Evolution of the human brain A human-specific gene is a determinant of the cognitive architecture of the human cerebral cortex By C. Dehay and H. Kennedy REPORT p. 546 507 Fine-tuning receptor–G protein activation and signaling The activation rate of downstream G proteins imprints receptor signaling By G. Lebon RESEARCH ARTICLE p. 523 509 Ductile van der Waals materials Normally brittle, single crystals of InSe can be mechanically rolled like a metal into thin films By X. Han REPORT p. 542 510 How does SARS-CoV-2 cause COVID-19? The viral receptor on human cells plays a critical role in disease progression By N. J. Matheson and P. J. Lehner 512 William C. Dement (1928–2020) Father of sleep medicine By R. Pelayo and P. Mourrain BOOKS ET AL. 513 Confronting illness with empathy A journalist paints a thoughtful portrait of a disease that defies scientific characterization By F. R. Davis 494 This man can read letters but numbers are a blank Case exposes complex roots of consciousness By S. Kean 495 Altered DNA base could play key role in pregnancy In mice, methylated adenine enables the placenta to grow By E. Pennisi FEATURES 496 Lizard man For Jonathan Losos, tiny Caribbean islands and their reptile inhabitants are test tubes of evolution By E. Pennisi 493 & 578 31 JULY 2020 • VOLUME 369 • ISSUE 6503 Rhododendron and other alpine flowers at 4300-meter elevation in the Hengduan Mountains in China, home to the world’s oldest alpine plant community. CONTENTS Published by AAAS on December 17, 2020 http://science.sciencemag.org/ Downloaded from
Transcript of CONTENTS · SCIENCE sciencemag.org 31 JULY 2020 • VOL 369 ISSUE 6503 481 CREDIT: M. KOLMER ET AL....
INSIGHTS
POLICY FORUM
500 COVID-19 risks to global food securityEconomic fallout and food supply chain
disruptions require attention from
policy-makers
By D. Laborde et al.
PERSPECTIVES
503 Mapping the clean air haves and have-notsThe distribution of air pollution has
changed little, perpetuating disparities
in exposure By L. Ma
REPORT p. 575
480 31 JULY 2020 • VOL 369 ISSUE 6503 sciencemag.org SCIENCE
PH
OT
O:
JIA
N H
UA
NG
NEWS
IN BRIEF
484 News at a glance
IN DEPTH
487 Wuhan coronavirus hunter Shi Zhengli speaks outChina’s “Bat Woman” denies responsibility for the pandemic, demands apology from Trump By J. Cohen
PODCAST
489 Global plan seeks to promote vaccine equity, spread risksPoor countries fear ending up at the end of the queue By K. Kupferschmidt
490 Hidden predictability in winds could improve climate forecastsStudy finds climate models are missing wind patterns, casting doubt on long-term forecasts of rain and storms By P. Voosen
491 How an ancient microbial arms race remodeled human cells Study traces genetic responses to pathogens back to ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans By A. Gibbons
493 Mountains and monsoons created Tibetan biodiversityThe rise of the Hengduan range 30 million years ago kick-started evolution of world’s oldest alpine flora By E. Stokstad
REPORT p. 578
504 Can we predict solar flares?A physics-based model may help improve space weather forecasts By A. M. Veronig
REPORT p. 587
506 Evolution of the human brainA human-specific gene is a determinant of the cognitive architecture of the human cerebral cortex By C. Dehay and H. Kennedy
REPORT p. 546
507 Fine-tuning receptor–G protein activation and signalingThe activation rate of downstream G proteins imprints receptor signaling By G. Lebon
RESEARCH ARTICLE p. 523
509 Ductile van der Waals materialsNormally brittle, single crystals of InSe can be mechanically rolled like a metal into thin films By X. Han
REPORT p. 542
510 How does SARS-CoV-2 cause COVID-19?The viral receptor on human cells plays a critical role in disease progression By N. J. Matheson and P. J. Lehner
512 William C. Dement (1928–2020)Father of sleep medicine By R. Pelayo and P. Mourrain
BOOKS ET AL.
513 Confronting illness with empathyA journalist paints a thoughtful portrait of a disease that defies scientific characterization By F. R. Davis
494 This man can read letters but numbers are a blankCase exposes complex roots of consciousness By S. Kean
495 Altered DNA base could play key role in pregnancyIn mice, methylated adenine enables the placenta to grow By E. Pennisi
FEATURES
496 Lizard manFor Jonathan Losos, tiny Caribbean islands and their reptile inhabitants are test tubes of evolution By E. Pennisi
493 & 578
31 JULY 2020 • VOLUME 369 • ISSUE 6503
Rhododendron and other alpine flowers at 4300-meter elevation in the Hengduan Mountains in China, home to the world’s oldest alpine plant community.
CONTENTS
Published by AAAS
on Decem
ber 17, 2020
http://science.sciencemag.org/
Dow
nloaded from
31 JULY 2020 • VOL 369 ISSUE 6503 481SCIENCE sciencemag.org
CR
ED
IT:
M.
KO
LM
ER
ET
AL
.
DEPARTMENTS
483 Editorial Cautious optimismBy H. Holden Thorp
PODCAST
594 Working LifeMy womb is my businessBy Wen-Jing Lin
RESEARCH
IN BRIEF
519 From Science and other journals
REVIEW
522 ImmunologyThe function of the thymus and its impact on modern medicine J. F. A. P. MillerREVIEW SUMMARY; FOR FULL TEXT:
DX.DOI.ORG/10.1126/SCIENCE.ABA2429
RESEARCH ARTICLES
523 Structural biologyStructural insights into differences in G protein activation by family A and family B GPCRs D. Hilger et al.RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY; FOR FULL TEXT:
DX.DOI.ORG/10.1126/SCIENCE.ABA3373
PERSPECTIVE p. 507
524 BiochemistryANGEL2 is a member of the CCR4 family of deadenylases with 2′,3′-cyclic phosphatase activity P. H. Pinto et al.
530 ImmunogenomicsHuman fetal microglia acquire homeostatic immune-sensing properties early in development L. Kracht et al.
REPORTS
537 Molecular diffusionBoosted molecular mobility during common chemical reactions H. Wang et al.
542 Materials scienceExceptional plasticity in the bulk single-crystalline van der Waals semiconductor InSe T.-R. Wei et al.PERSPECTIVE p. 509
546 NeurodevelopmentHuman-specific ARHGAP11B increases size and folding of primate neocortex in the fetal marmoset M. Heide et al.PERSPECTIVE p. 506
550 Ultracold matterCooling and entangling ultracold atoms in optical lattices B. Yang et al.
554 Structural biologyIn-cell architecture of an actively transcribing-translating expressome F. J. O’Reilly et al.
557 Organic chemistryDirect reversible decarboxylation from stable organic acids in dimethylformamide solution D. Kong et al.
561 NeurogenomicsAllele-specific open chromatin in human iPSC neurons elucidates functional disease variants S. Zhang et al.
566 BiotechnologyDNA capture by a CRISPR-Cas9–guided adenine base editor A. Lapinaite et al.
571 NanomaterialsRational synthesis of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons directly on metal oxide surfaces M. Kolmer et al.
575 Air pollutionDisparities in PM
2.5 air pollution
in the United States J. Colmer et al.PERSPECTIVE p. 503
578 PaleobotanyAncient orogenic and monsoon-driven assembly of the world’s richest temperate alpine flora W.-N. Ding et al.NEWS STORY p. 493
582 CoronavirusGenomic surveillance reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Northern California X. Deng et al.
587 Solar physicsA physics-based method that can predict imminent large solar flares K. Kusano et al.PERSPECTIVE p. 504
ON THE COVER
An extreme ultraviolet image of a large (X-class) solar flare that occurred on 7 March 2012, combining observations taken at 131 Å (blue) and 171 Å (yellow) using the Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft. This flare
disrupted radio communications on Earth. Predicting when X-class flares will occur will help to forecast Earth’s space weather. See pages 504 and 587. Credit: NASA/GSFC/SDO
SCIENCE (ISSN 0036-8075) is published weekly on Friday, except last week in December, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Periodicals mail postage (publication No. 484460) paid at Washington, DC, and additional mailing offices. Copyright © 2020 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The title SCIENCE is a registered trademark of the AAAS. Domestic individual membership, including subscription (12 months): $165 ($74 allocated to subscription). Domestic institutional subscription (51 issues): $2148; Foreign postage extra: Air assist delivery: $98. First class, airmail, student, and emeritus rates on request. Canadian rates with GST available upon request, GST #125488122. Publications Mail Agreement Number 1069624. Printed in the U.S.A.Change of address: Allow 4 weeks, giving old and new addresses and 8-digit account number. Postmaster: Send change of address to AAAS, P.O. Box 96178, Washington, DC 20090–6178. Single-copy sales: $15 each plus shipping and handling available from backissues.sciencemag.org; bulk rate on request. Authorization to reproduce material for internal or personal use under circumstances not falling within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act can be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), www.copyright.com. The identification code for Science is 0036-8075. Science is indexed in the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature and in several specialized indexes.
Science Staff ............................................. 482
AAAS News & Notes .................................. 517
New Products .............................................592
Science Careers .........................................593
514 Context is key to olfactionHow we experience smell has more to do with us than with the odor itself By J. P. McGann
LETTERS
515 China and India: Towarda sustainable worldBy K. S. Bawa et al.
515 Conservation needsa COVID-19 bailoutBy R. A. McCleery et al.
516 Extinct-in-the-wild species’ last standBy A. Trask et al.
571
Published by AAAS
on Decem
ber 17, 2020
http://science.sciencemag.org/
Dow
nloaded from
369 (6503)
(6503), 483-594.369Science
ARTICLE TOOLS http://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6503
PERMISSIONS http://www.sciencemag.org/help/reprints-and-permissions
Terms of ServiceUse of this article is subject to the
is a registered trademark of AAAS.ScienceScience, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. The title (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published by the American Association for the Advancement ofScience
Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of
on Decem
ber 17, 2020
http://science.sciencemag.org/
Dow
nloaded from
![78TH DAY] MONDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 2008 6503 Journal of the …](https://static.fdocuments.us/doc/165x107/61c82183a7b1d16c993295b4/78th-day-monday-february-18-2008-6503-journal-of-the-.jpg)
