Contents - macmillanihe.com resources (by Author)/W... · Abdul Aziz asks for advice áë«°üf...

Acknowledgements xIntroduction xi

1 Language units

Unit 1 Myself and others ¿hônNB’Gh ÉfCG 2

Talking about yourself ∂°ùØnf øY ºq∏µàdG 2

Asking others øjônNB’G ∫GDƒo°ù 4

Talking about nationality áq«°ùæp÷G øY ºq∏µàdG 5

Greetings äÉq«ënàdG 6

Conversation áKOÉÙG 8

My family »à∏pFÉY 10

REVIEW: Pronouns ôFÉª°n†dG 11

Describing character áq«°üîn°ûdG øY ºq∏µàdG 12

Talking about childhood ádƒØo£dG øY ºq∏µàdG 14

The Arab World... A look at Egypt 16ô°üe ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...

q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG

Vocabulary in Unit 1 18

Unit 2 House and home â«ÑdGh QGódG 20

Talking about rooms ±nôo¨dG øY ºq∏µàdG 20

Describing your home ∂dpõæne ∞°Uh 22


REVIEW: The plural ™ªn÷G 26

Adjectives and plurals ™ªn÷Gh áØ°üdG 30

For rent QÉéjEÓd 32

Contents

iv

The Arab World... A look at Saudi 34áqjOƒ©°ùdG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



Unit 3 Work and routine IOÉ©dGh πnªn©dG 38

Talking about work πª©dG øY ºq∏µàdG 38

A day in the life of… ...IÉ«M ‘ Ωƒj 42

Talking about housework áq«dõæŸG ∫ÉªYC’G øY ºq∏µàdG 45

Talking about your CV (resumé) á«JGòdG ∂JnÒ°S øY ºq∏µàdG 46


REVIEW: Present verbs pQÉ°†oŸG 48

Situations vacant IôZÉ°û ∞FÉXh 51

The Arab World... A look at Syria 52ÉjQƒ°S ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



Unit 4 Sport and leisure ¬«aÎdGh á°VÉjôdG 56

Talking about sport á°VÉjpôdG øY ºq∏µàdG 56

Talking about preferences π«°†ØnàdG øY ºq∏µàdG 58

REVIEW: Verbal nouns & participles 62¬H ∫ƒ©ØnŸGh πYÉØdGh Qó°ünŸG

Talking about free time ÆGôØdG âbnh øY ºq∏µàdG 64

Talking about going out êhôÿG øY ºq∏µàdG 66


The Arab World... A look at Morocco 70Üpô¨nŸG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



Unit 5 Travel and tourism áMÉ«°pùdGh ônØn°ùdG 74

Around town áæjóŸG ∫ƒnM 74


Means of transportation π≤ædG πFÉ°Snh 78

Contents v

Travel in the Arab World q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG »a ôØ°ùdG 81

REVIEW: Past verbs »°VÉŸG π©ØdG 82

Sohair’s blog Ò¡o°S áfshnóoe 84

Describing the past »°VÉŸG ∞°Uƒ 86

Letter of complaint ÜÉ£N ‘ iƒµ°T 87

The Arab World... A look at Tunisia 88¢ùfƒJ ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



Unit 6 Food and cooking ïÑn£dGh ΩÉ©£dG 92

Talking about food ΩÉ©£dG øY ºq∏µàdG 92

Talking about measure á«qªnµdG øY ºq∏µàdG 94

At the greengrocer q…ô°†ÿG óæY 96


Reserving the table IóFÉŸG õénM 98


In the restaurant º©£ŸG »`a 99

REVIEW: Forms of the verb ójõnŸG π©ØdG 102

The month of Ramadan ¿É°†eQ ô¡°T 104

The Arab World... A look at Lebanon 106¿ÉæÑd ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



Unit 7 Review á©LGôªdG 110



Unit 8 Clothes and colours ¿GƒdC’Gh ¢ùHÓŸG 118

Talking about clothes ¢ùHÓŸG øY ºq∏µàdG 118

Describing the outfit q…õdG ∞°Unh 120

Describing colour ¿ƒ∏dG ∞°Uh 122

At the clothes shop ¢ùHÓŸG qπfi »a 124

vi Contents

Contents vii


At the wedding party ±ÉanõdG á∏ØM »`a 126

REVIEW: Doubled verbs ∞nYÉ°†oŸG π©ØdG 129

The clothes show AÉjRC’G ¢VôY 130

The Arab World... A look at Iraq 132¥Gô©dG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



Unit 9 Education and training ÖjQóàdGh º«∏©àdG 136

School and university á©eÉ÷Gh á°SQóŸG 136

Talking about subjects qOGƒnŸG øY ºq∏µàdG 139


¢S/Q/O and Ω/∫/´ 140

Munira asks for advice áë«°üf Ö∏£J IÒæe 141

REVIEW: Weak verbs qπnà©oŸG π©ØdG 142

In the examination hall äÉfÉëàe’G ádÉ°U »`a 144

Giving instructions ôeGhC’G QGó°UEG 145

The Arab World... A look at Algeria 150ôFGõ÷G ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



Unit 10 News and media ΩÓYE’G πpFÉ°Shh QÉÑNC’G 154

Talking about the news QÉÑNC’G øY ºq∏µàdG 154

Broadcasting áYGPE’G 157

REVIEW: Formal Arabic ≈ë°üØdG 159

Arabic on the Worldwide Web áq«ŸÉ©dG áµnÑn°ûdG ≈∏Y áq«Hô©dG 162

Comparing media ΩÓYE’G πFÉ°Sh áfQÉ≤e 162

The King’s speech ∂∏ŸG ÜÉ£N 164

The Arab World... A look at the Gulf and Yemen 166øª«dGh è«∏ÿG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



Unit 11 Climate and the environment áÄ«ÑdGh ñÉæŸG 170

Talking about weather and climate ñÉæŸGh ¢ù≤£dG øY ºq∏µàdG 170

Holiday plans á∏£o©dG §n£pN 174

REVIEW: The future πÑ≤à°ùŸG 175

Talking about possibilities ä’ÉªàM’G øY ºq∏µàdG 176

Al-Mustaqbal Beverages Company πÑ≤à°ùŸG äÉHhô°ûe ácô°T 178

Talking about processes äGAGôL’G øY ºq∏µàdG 179


The Arab World... A look at Libya 182É«Ñ«d ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



Unit 12 Health and happiness IOÉ©°ùdGh áqë°üdG 186

Talking about the body º°ù÷G øY ºq∏µàdG 186

Talking about illness ¢VôŸG øY ºq∏µàdG 188

At the pharmacy áq«dnó«n°üdG »a 189


Talking about health áqë°üdG øY ºq∏µàdG 192

Abdul Aziz asks for advice áë«°üf Ö∏£j õjõ©dG óÑY 195

The Arab World... A look at Sudan 198¿GOƒ°ùdG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



Unit 13 Arts and cinema Éªæ«°ùdGh ¿ƒæoØdG 202

Talking about culture áaÉ≤ãdG øY ºq∏µàdG 202


Film genres ΩÓaC’G ´GƒfCG 206

Talking about past habits »°VÉŸG äGOÉY øY ºq∏µàdG 176

Reviewing ó≤ædG 210

The Arab World... A look at Jordan and Palestine 214Ú£°ù∏ah q¿OQC’G ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...



viii Contents

Unit 14 Review á©LGôªdG 218



Suggestions for further study 225

2 Reference materialAnswers to exercises 226

English–Arabic glossary 281

Grammar index 298

Contents ix

Talking about rooms ±nôo¨dG øY ºq∏µàdGLook at the illustration below while you listen to the recording.

House and homeâ«ÑdGh QGódG

.QGódG nπÑnb QÉ÷G

The neighbour before the house[hold]. (Arabic proverb)

2unit

≤

ádÉ°U hall

á°û«© ne áaô oZ living roomIôØ°oS dining room

ïnÑ£ ne kitchen

á≤jó nM gardenêGô nL garage

Ωƒnf áaô oZ bedroom

áaôo°T balcony

ΩÉqªnM bathroom

í£°nS roof

ºqn∏°oS stairs

√É«pe IQhnO toilet

≥HÉ£dG

q»°VQC’Gground floor

≥HÉ£dG∫qhC’G

first floor

20

Tip: á°û«©ne áaôoZ (living room) can also be called ¢Sƒ∏oL áaôoZ (sitting room).

Exercise 1 1 øjô“An estate agent is showing you around an apartment. Put the places inthe order that he shows them, as in the example.

¢Sƒ∏L áaôZ 1 ádÉ°U ïÑ£e ΩÉqªM áaô°T Ωƒf áaôZ á≤jóM IôØ°S

Exercise 2 2 øjô“Do you remember these items you can find in or around a house? Match the English with the Arabic.

a bed áfGõN 1b car ôJƒ«Ñªc 2c chair ônén°T 3 d clock IóFÉe 4 e cupboard/wardrobe Öàµe 5 f desk ¿ƒjõØ«∏J 6g picture IQƒ°U 7 h table áYÉ°S 8 i television ôjô°S 9j bicycle IQÉq«°S 10k computer q»°Sôc 11 l trees áLGqQO 12

Here are some more useful words for items around the house:

House and home 21

≤

ôFÉà°S (sat’ir) curtains

OÉqé°S (sajjd) carpets

IBGôe (mir’t) mirror

ó©°üe (miß ad) lift/elevator

ádÉ°qùZ (ghassla) washing machine

¢VƒM (˛aw∂) sink

¢TO (dush) shower

Ö°ûY ( ushb) grass/plants

OQh (ward) flowers

áµjQCG/áÑæc (kanaba/arıka) sofa

áLqÓK (thallja) fridge

¿ôa (furn) cooker

Describing your home ∂dpõæne ∞°UhHere are some adjectives you can use to describe your home:

22 Unit 2

åjóM (˛adıth) modern

q…ó«∏≤J (taqlıdıy) traditional

ÇOÉg (hdi’) quiet

ºMOõe (muzda˛im) crowded

™°SGh (wsi ) spacious

ôNÉa (fkhir) luxurious

§«°ùH (bası†) simple/basic

íjôe (murı˛) comfortable

Ö°SÉæe (munsib) suitable

q¢UÉN (khßß) private

q¢UÉN êGôL garj khßß (Private Garage)

QÉ¶àf’G ´ƒæ‡ kGƒØY afwan mamnü´ al-intiΩr (Sorry No Waiting)

Exercise 3 3 øjô“Use the vocabulary in the box on page 21 and in Exercise 2. Decide on themost likely place for each item, as in the example. (You can put an item inmore than one place and you do not need to include ó©°üe lift/elevator.)

/á≤jóMdGêGôLdG ïÑ£ŸG ΩÉqªMdG /IôØ°ùdG

¢Sƒ∏÷G áaôZ/ΩƒædG áaôZ

Öàµeôjô°S

House and home 23

Tip: There are many different words to describe dwellings in Arabic.Common words for ‘house’ or ‘home’ are â«Ñ (bayt), and QGO (dr) –familiar through place names such as Darussalaam (ΩÓ°ùdG QGO ‘house ofpeace’) and, less obviously, Bethlehem (º◊ â«H ‘house of meat’).Casablanca is a Spanish translation of the Arabic name AÉ°†«ÑdG QGódG

(ad-dr al-bay∂’), ‘the white house’ – not to be confused with the USpresidential building which is translated as ¢†«HC’G â«ÑdG (al-bayt al-abya∂).

Other terms for dwellings include ∫õæe (manzil, ‘place of staying’) andøµ°ùe (maskan, ‘place of residing’). áq≤°T (shaqqa, pl. shuqaq) refers to anapartment or flat, and IQÉªY (´imra, pl. -t) to an apartment building.

Listen to Sherif describing where he lives.

… øe ¿qƒµàJ/¿qƒµàj ... ∑Éæg ]¢ù«d[

(yatakawwan/tatakawwan min) ([laysa] hunka)it (masc./fem.) consists of… there is, are [not]…

… ≈∏Y qπ£J/qπ£j … ónLƒJ/ónLƒj ]’[

(yu†ill/tu†ill al) ([l] yüjad/tüjad)it (masc./fem.) looks onto… … can[not] be found (masc./fem.)

øe ...`dG ≥HÉ£dG ‘ … É¡nd/o¬nd ]¢ù«d[

(fı†-†biq il… min) ([laysa] lahu/lah)on the … floor of it (masc./fem.) has [doesn’t have]…

GCfÉ GS°ª» T°ôj∞ S°ôhQ hGCS°µø ‘

T°≤qá ‘ Gd£ÉH≥ GdôGH™ eø YpªÉQI

Mójãá. GE¿q T°≤qà» Hù°«£á hdµæq¡É

eôjëá. GCeqÉ Gdû°ÉQ´ a¡ƒ gÉOÇ hd«ù¢

gæÉ∑ S°«qÉQGä cãÒI.

Jnànµnƒs¿ T°≤qà» eø Zôaá fƒΩ, e£Ñï

U°¨Ò, Zôaá e©«û°á hMªqÉΩ hJƒLó

GCj†°Ék T°ôaá Jo£pπq Y∏≈ Mój≤á. Gdû°≤qá eØôhT°á Hù°àÉFô aÉNôI hS°éqÉO

J≤∏«ó…q. ’ jƒLó epü°©nó ‘ Gd©ªÉQI hdòd∂ a¡» eæÉS°Ñá d∏æû°«£Ú an≤n§!

≤

24 Unit 2

Exercise 4 4 øjô“Look back at the description of Sherif’s apartment on page 23 anddecide if these statements are true (4) or false (8).

ÉqeCG amm/∂dòd lidhlikThe description of Sherif’s apartment contains two more useful connectors:

.ÇOÉg ƒ¡a ´QÉ°ûdG ÉqeCG As for the street, it’s (amm sh-shri´ fa-huwa hdi’) quiet.

!§n≤naÚ£«°ûæ∏d áÑ°SÉæe »¡a ∂dòd For that reason it’s (lidhlik fa-hiya munsiba suitable for active

lin-nashı†ın faqa†) people only!

ÉqeCG (‘as for’) is used when you are moving on to a different aspect of thesame topic; ∂dòd (‘for that (reason)’) is used to connect cause and effect.Both are usually followed by `a (‘and so’).

Exercise 5 5 øjô“Rephrase these sentences using ... a ...ÉqeCG, as in the example.

1Gdû°≤qá‘ Gd£ÉH≥ GdôGH™.

2Gdù°éqÉOJ≤∏«ó…q.

3Gd©pªÉQIMójãá.

4Gdû°ôaáJo£pπq Y∏≈ Mój≤á.

5GŸ£ÑïU°¨Ò.

jù°µø T°ôj∞ ‘ YªÉQI bóÁá.

2Gdû°≤qá ‘ Gd£ÉH≥ GdãÉdå.

3G◊»q gÉOÇ.

4JƒLó Mój≤á HéÉfÖ Gd©ªÉQI.

5’ JƒLó S°ØôI ‘ Gdû°≤qá.

6Gdû°≤qá hGS°©á hcÑÒI.

7Jàµƒq¿ Gdû°≤qá eø ZôaànÚ he£ÑïhMªqÉΩ.

8GEfq¡É eØôhT°á HÉdù°àÉFô.

9Gdù°éqÉO J≤∏«ó…q.

01Gdû°≤qá eæÉS°Ñá d∏µÑÉQ ‘ Gdù°pøq.

GCeqÉ Gdû°≤qáa¡» ‘ Gd£ÉH≥ GdôGH™.

House and home 25

Describe your new apartment in the prompted audio conversation.Prepare the Arabic to describe these features:

• 3rd floor • spacious living room • small but modern kitchen

• no lift • 2 bathrooms • modern and comfortable

• large hall • 3 bedrooms • balcony overlooking street

Conversation áKOÉëª`dG ≤(

Exercise 6 6 øjô“Listen to Sherif tellingus who lives on theother floors of hisapartment block.Write the correctnames on the nameplates, as in theexample.

≤

†biq li-ghayr il-mudakhkhinın (floor for non-smokers)

REVIEW

The plural ™ªn÷GThere are three different methods of making words plural in Arabic andthese methods in turn have variations. This summary will help you toconsolidate your knowledge of how Arabic plurals are made.

You need to try and remember a word together with its plural.Gradually you will find that you get a more instinctive grasp of thepatterns and are able to ‘feel’ which plural might be right for aparticular word.

Sound (external) 1 Sound masculine plural (SMP) Ú``/¿ƒ`` (-ün/-ın) • Used almost exclusively with words referring to groups of people ofwhom at least one is male.

• Commonly used for nationalities, jobs, attributes derived from forms ofthe verb (beginning with `

oe mu-).

• ¿ƒ`` (-ün) is the ‘default’ ending in Standard Arabic. Ú`` (-ın) is used inparticular structures – see additional note on page 55.

(mursilün/-ın) Ú`/¿ƒ∏°SGôe correspondent (mursil) π°pSGôoe(muslimün/-ın) Ú`/¿ƒª∏°ùe Muslim (muslim) ºp∏°ùoe

(lubnnıyün/-ın) Ú`/¿ƒq«fÉæÑd Lebanese (lubnnıy) qÊÉæÑod2 Sound feminine plural (SFP) äG (-t) • Probably the most common Arabic plural. • Used for words referring to groups of people all of whom are female.

(mumarri∂t) äÉ°Vqô‡ nurse (fem.) (mumarri∂a) á°Vqô‡(mußrıyyt) äÉqjô°üe Egyptian (fem.) (mußrıyya) áqjô°üe

• Used for some other masculine and feminine non-human words,especially longer words derived from forms of the verb and importedwords of foreign origin.

(˛ammmt) äÉeÉqªM bathroom (˛ammm) ΩÉqªM

(ijtim t) äÉYÉªàLG meeting (ijtim ) ´ÉªàLG

(tilıfizyünt) äÉfƒjõØ«∏J television (tilıfizyün) ¿ƒjõØ«∏J

Broken (internal) • Plural made by identifying the root of a word and changing internalvowel sounds (similar to English ‘goose/geese’ or ‘mouse/mice’).

• About twelve common different patterns, plus a few other less common.

• Patterns defined using root letters π©a (e.g. ΩÓbCG ‘pens’ = ∫É©aCG pattern).

€

€

€

€

€

€

€

€

26 REVIEW: The plural

REVIEW

• Broken plural is used with many words referring to non-humans:

(pattern = ∫É©aCG) (afrn) ¿GôaCG cooker (furn) ¿ôoa

(pattern = πn©oa) (ghuraf) ±nôoZ room (ghurfa) áaôoZ

(pattern = ∫ƒ©oa) (buyüt) äƒ«oH house (bayt) â«H

(pattern = πo©oa) (kutub) Öoàoc book (kitb) ÜÉàc

(pattern = ∫É©pa) (diyr) QÉjO house/home (dr) QGO

(pattern = πpYÉØne) (maktib) ÖJÉµe office/desk (maktab) Öàµe

• Broken plural can also be used with words referring to groups of males (inpreference to the SMP):

(pattern = ∫É©pa) (rijl) ∫ÉLpQ man (rajul) πoLnQ

(pattern = AÓn©oa) (wuzar’) AGQnRoh minister (wazır) ôjRnh

(pattern = ∫É©aCG) (a˛fd) OÉØMCG grandchild (˛afıd) ó«ØnM

Collective • Collective nouns are masculine singular but have a plural meaning.• Add I to make a feminine singular noun referring to one of the group.• Natural features that come in groups (plants, animals, etc.) are oftencollective nouns.

a cow (baqara) Iôn≤nH cows (baqar) ôn≤nHa tree (shajara) Iônén°T trees (shajar) ônén°T

• Other items that come in groups can be collective (e.g. carpets):

a carpet (sajjda) IOÉqé°S carpets (sajjd) OÉqé°S€

€

€

€

€

€

€

€

€

€

€

€

REVIEW: The plural 27

Plurals in the dictionary

Plurals are shown after the singular in the most popular English–Arabicdictionary (A Dictionary of Modern Arabic, Hans Wehr). Note that theentry above for ∞«¶f (clean) has alternative plurals. A few wordshave these alternatives; the most common is used in Mastering Arabic.

28 Unit 2

Exercise 7 7 øjô“(You will need a dictionary to complete this exercise.)Find the plurals of these words you have met in this unit, as in theexample. You could also try and guess at the plural before looking it up.

Now check your answers in the answer section before moving on.

Tip: In some spoken dialects you may only hear the Ú`` (-ın) ending forgroups of people , even when the group consists entirely of females. So Údƒ¨°ûe äÉæÑdG (al-bant mashgülın) could be used to mean ‘the girls are busy’, rather than the more grammatically correct ä’ƒ¨°ûe äÉæÑdG

(al-bant mashghült).

Gdµn∏ªá droWG÷nª™ larulPGŸn©æ≈ gninaeM

U°ƒQIU°oƒnQserutcip

KnÓqLá____________________________

en£Ñnï____________________________

MnƒV¢____________________________

T°oôaá____________________________

cªÑ«ƒJô____________________________

NnõGfá____________________________

WÉH≥____________________________

S°ôjô____________________________

House and home 29

Exercise 8 8 øjô“Listen to Samya describing where she lives and put a tick next to thefeatures of her home, as in the example.

apartment small house villa 4

garden garage view of sea

hall dining room two bathrooms

flowers trees grass

old couch mirrors desk

Exercise 9 9 øjô“Complete this description of Samya’s villa using the words in the box.

ádÉ°üdG óLƒj »°SGôc á≤jóM ¢ù«d ™°SGh ±nôoZ ¿qƒµàJ IójóL

Tip: RGô£H (bi-†irz) = in the style of

You can check your description by listening to Samya in Exercise 8 againand by looking at the Answers section.

Exercise 10 10 øjô“Now describe your home using the vocabulary and models you have metso far. Remember to vary the phrases you use and try to include some ofthe connecting words you have met.

GCb«º ‘ a«∏Óq ‘ eójæá`````````````````````bôjÑá eø Gd©ÉU°ªá. GdØ«∏Óq

J£πq Y∏≈ G÷ÑÉ∫ h````````````````````èø U°Édá, Zôaá L∏ƒS¢, KÓç

````````````````````fƒΩ, e£Ñï````````````````````hMªqÉeÚ. GdØ«∏Ó d¡É```````````````````

NÉU°qá a«¡É T°éô d«ªƒ¿ hdµø````````````````````gæÉ∑ hQO GCh Yû°Ö.

Zôaá G÷∏ƒS¢ a«¡É````````````````````èôjëá hGCQjµá bóÁá... gnópjá

eø GCeq» ... hhQGA G’CQjµá````````````````````èµàÖ Y∏«¬ cªÑ«ƒJô ’Hæ».

GCeÉ ````````````````````à¡» H£ôGR J≤∏«ó…q.

≤

≤

30 Unit 2

Adjectives and plurals ™ªn÷Gh áØ°üdGThere is not really a grammatical difference between nouns andadjectives in Arabic. Adjectives such as active (§«°ûf nashı†) orpopular/loved (ÜƒÑfi ma˛büb) can also be used to mean ‘an activeperson’ or ‘a popular/loved one’.

Adjectives need to be made plural when referring to groups of people.Some adjectives use a sound plural, others use a broken plural. The pluralof an adjective may follow a different plural pattern from the word it isdescribing.

(awld †iwl) ∫GƒpW O’hCG tall boys

(al-kuram’) AÉeôµdG the generous (ones)

(an-ns al-mashghülün) ¿ƒdƒ¨°ûŸG ¢SÉædG the busy people

(innahum nashı†ün jiddan) .GvóL ¿ƒ£«°ûf ºo¡qfEG They are very active.

For an all-female group, the adjective can be made plural by using theSound Feminine Plural.

(al-bant a†-†awılt) äÓjƒWdG äÉæHdG the tall girls

(mumarri∂t mashghült) ä’ƒ¨°ûª äÉ°Vqôªª busy nurses

Plurals of non-human objects and ideas are grammatically a single female!

Non-human plurals Remember that plurals not referring to people are treated as femininesingular in Arabic. So an adjective describing a group of objects, such as‘chairs’ or ‘pictures’ needs I as for a single feminine object.

(al-karsı al-˛adıtha) áãjó◊G »°SGôµdG the modern chairs

(aß-ßuwar jamıla) .á∏«ªL Qƒ°üdG The pictures are beautiful.

House and home 31

Exercise 11 11 øjô“Make these descriptions plural as in the examples. You may need to useyour dictionary to look up some of the plurals.

1Gdƒdó fû°«§.

2gæÉ∑ T°ôaá hGS°©á.

3GdµôS°» eôjí.

4GdÑ«â d¬ Mój≤á NÉU°qá.

5Gdû°ÉQ´ eoõOnMpº.

6GEfq¡É Hæâ eƒgƒHá.

7GE¿q MØ«ó… Wƒjπ.

8gæÉ∑ S°éqÉOI J≤∏«ójqá ‘ Gd¨ôaá.

gƒ eû°¨ƒ∫.).ysub si eH(gº eû°¨ƒdƒ¿.).ysub era yehT(GŸÉFóI LójóI.)wen si elbat ehT(GŸƒGFó LójóI).wen era selbat ehT(

€

€

For rent QÉéjEÓdLook at the four notices advertising property to rent.

32 Unit 2

ÅWÉ°T (sh†i’) beach

áMÉÑ°S ΩÉªM (˛ammm sib˛a)swimming pool

¢ùæJ Ö©∏e (mal´ab tennis) tenniscourt

¿Éqµ°S ,øcÉ°S (skin, sukkn) resident

ΩÉNQ (rukhm) marble

™bƒe (mawqi ) location

πNóe (madkhal) entrance

AGƒg ∞««µJ (takyıf haw’) air-conditioning

∞jôdG (ar-rıf) the countryside

ô¶æe (manΩar) view

∫ƒ≤M ,π≤M (˛aql, ˛uqül) field

(∫ƒªfi) ∞JÉg (htif (ma˛mül))(mobile) phone

T°≤á cÑÒI ‘ eƒb™ Lª«π

WÉH≥ GCQV°», eóNπ NÉU¢q.

Jàµƒq¿ eø 3Zô± hGS°©á -

Jµ««∞ gƒGA-MªqÉeÉä aÉNôI.

LôGê NÉU¢q. eæÉS°Ñá ŸµàÖ

fiÉΩm GCh fiÉS°Ö.

gÉJ∞ fiªƒ∫: 67411187690

a«∏ÓdÓEjéÉQ ‘ M»q gÉOÇ...

4Zô± fƒΩ h4MªÉeÉä. Jµ««∞

gƒGA, e£Ñï GCeôjµ», S°ØôI,

Mój≤á U°¨ÒI hLôGê dù°«qÉQJÚ.

S°∏qº OGN∏» eø GdôNÉΩ G’Ej£É‹.

S°£í cÑÒ eæÉS°Ö d∏ëØÓä.

ge.cibarasm@meerak

T°≤á Mójãá HÉEjéÉQ eæÉS°Ö bôjÑá eø Gdû°ÉWÅ. Gd£ÉH≥ Gdù°ÉH™ )3eü°ÉYó GCŸÉf«qá(. jƒLó MªÉΩ S°ÑÉMá he∏©Ö Jæù¢ dù°µqÉ¿ Gd©ªÉQI. T°ôaá cÑÒI J£πq Y∏≈ GdÑëô.J∏«Øƒ¿: 68765430

eæõ∫ J≤∏«ó…q ‘ Gdôj∞Hëój≤á cÑÒI

7Zô± eôjëá hMªÉeÚ. eæ¶ô

Lª«π, j£πq Y∏≈ G◊≤ƒ∫ hGdæ¡ô.

eØôhT¢ HÉd£ôGR Gd©ôH»

q

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S°éq

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. S°ÉYá HÉdù°«q

ÉQI

eø hS°§ GŸójæá.

gÉJ∞: 504978

aÉcù¢: 654978

Exercise 12 12 øjô“Decide which property would suit the following:1 Family with four children and a dog. Prefer rural setting but must bewithin 60-75 minute commute from town for husband’s work.

2 Young professional couple working in the hotel business in a popularresort. Prefer modern apartment. Keen on sports.

3 American diplomat looking for quiet, spacious upmarket villa withentertainment potential. Parking essential. Garden a bonus.

4 Businesswoman – currently working from home – looking for officesfor her accountancy business.

Exercise 13 13 øjô“Now complete the chart showing the facilites of each property, as in theexample.

Exercise 14 14 øjô“Write an advertisement for a property to rent with these features:• large furnished apartment • third floor • two elevators • four bedrooms• three luxurious bathrooms • balcony overlooking countryside Add two more features of your own and a mobile telephone number.

T°≤á Mójãáa«∏Ó gÉOFáeæõ∫ J≤∏«ó…T°≤á cÑÒI

eü°©ó8884

Mój≤á

LôGê

eæ¶ô

T°ôaá

Mªq

ÉeÉ¿ GCh GCcÌ

S°éÉO

S°ØôI

Jµ««∞ gƒGA

QNÉΩ

MªÉΩ S°ÑÉMá

e∏©Ö Jæù¢

House and home 33

áqjOƒ©°ùdG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ... q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG

Arabic in Saudi Arabia áqjOƒ©°ùdG ‘ áq«Hô©dG á¨∏dGThe Arabian peninsula, which now forms part of modern SaudiArabia, was where the Arabic language originated and where theprophet Mohammed was born in the 7th century AD. Arabic spreadwith the rapid Islamic conquests, but the spoken language of theArabian peninsula can still claim to be closer to the Classical thanthat of other more distant regions that were open to diverselinguistic influences.Features of Saudi Arabic include:• pronunciation of ¥ as a hard ‘g’, e.g. Iƒ¡b (coffee) as gahwa• pronunciation of ∂ as ‘ch’, e.g. ∂ª°S (fish) as simich• use of feminine plural in spoken language • less use of imported foreign words

Listen to Ahmed talking about himself in his Saudi dialect. Youwill find a transcript and translation in the Answers section.≤

sø≠^òæ

Riyadh

≤≠Yëòæ ≤ÆA^òæ ≤ïôüüòæ

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

^üQ

¿ºæ ^

RBòæ

Red Sea

ØA^

òæ OÆôV

òæ

The Arabian Gulf

¶æ^≠¬æ

I ran

ìæ^òæ

I raq»¶Y]¿ºæ

Jordan

G≠¨ïòæ

Kuwait

•≠^RBòæ Bahrain

Hæ]øú¬ºæ

Emirates

¶øüƒ|

Oman

•üÆòæ

Yemen

ûã

Qatar

≤§≠ZÚæ

Medina

≤»ïú

Mecca±»ZM

Jeddah

±Z≠Â

Buraydah

≤Rá]

Rafha

ö∂øQ

Ha’il

ä¨Nòæ

Al-Jawfó¨BE

Tabuk

~B§≠

Yanbu

¶æcÆM

Jizan

^mú

Egypt

¶æYëòæ

Sudan

ø≠^F≠]¿æ

Er itrea

GdÑ«â Gd©ôH»q Gdà≤∏«ó…qjàƒLq¬ GdÑ«â Gd©ôH»q Gdà≤∏«ó…q fëƒ GdóGNπ, hd¬ HÉMáJàƒLq¬ fëƒgÉ Gdû°ÑÉH«∂ hGCHƒGÜ Gd¨ô±. GE¿ gò√ GdÑÉMág» b∏Ö GdÑ«â, h‘ hS°£¬ jƒLó MƒV¢ eÉA GCh fÉaƒQI.

jîà∏∞ YóO Gd£ƒGH≥ ‘ GdÑ«ƒä Gdà≤∏«ójqá. GdÑ«ƒä ‘Gdôj∞ d¡É WÉH≥ hGMó hGCeÉ GŸæÉR∫ Gd≤óÁá ‘ GŸoóo¿, ‘enµqá hLnóqI eãÓk, a∏¡É GCQH©á GCh Nªù°á WƒGH≥ - eãπ H«â fü°«º Gdû°¡Ò ‘ LóqI.

joù°ànîópΩ Gdù°pôOGÜ d∏é∏ƒS¢ ‘ f¡ÉQ Gdü°«∞, hGdÑÉMá d∏é∏ƒS¢ dn«Ók hGdù°£í d∏æƒΩ. hGCeÉ‘ Gdû°àÉA aàoù°àîóΩ GdÑÉMá d∏é∏ƒS¢ ‘ Gdæ¡ÉQ hGd¨ô± GdóGN∏«qá d∏æƒΩ hGdù°ôOGÜ d∏îõ¿.

G’CnS°Äp∏á)snoitseuQ(

1eÉ gƒ b∏Ö GdÑ«â Gd©ôH»q Gdà≤∏«ó…

q?

2eÉPG jƒLó ‘ hS°§ GdÑÉMá?

3cº WÉH≤Ék ‘ H«ƒä Gdôj∞?

4eÉ gƒ GS°º GdÑ«â Gd≤óË Gdû°¡Ò ‘ Ln

óq

I?

5GCjø jé∏ù°ƒ¿ ‘ Gdû°àÉA ‘ Gdæ¡ÉQ?

(ƒëf) ¬qLƒàj ,¬qLƒJ (tawajjah,

yatawajjah (na˛wa) to face

(towards)

áMÉH (b˛a) courtyard

IQƒaÉf (nfüra) fountain

∞∏àîj ∞∏àNG (ikhtalafa,

yakhtalif) to vary

Ωóîà°ùoj (yustakhdam) is used

ÜGOô°S (sirdb) cellar

QÉ¡f (nahr) day(time)

¿õN (khazn) storage

Better known these days for itsultra-modern skyscrapers, SaudiArabia also retains some fineexamples of traditionalbuildings, particularly in theolder towns such as Jeddah andMecca. These tall town housesgenerally look inwards to acentral courtyard and canconsist of several floors.

36 Unit 2

Vocabulary in Unit 2!Nouns AÉª°SC’Ghouse/home (QhO/QÉjpO) QGO

(∫pRÉæne) ∫põæne

house/residence (øpcÉ°ùne) ønµ°ùne

location (™pbGƒne) ™bƒne

apartment building (äG) IQÉªpY

floor/storey (≥pHGƒnW) ≥pHÉW

entrance (πpNGóne) πnNóne

hall (äG) ádÉ°U

stairs (ºpdÓ°nS) ºqn∏°oS

roof (ìƒ£°oS) í£°nS

room (±nôoZ) áaôoZ

bedroom Ωƒnf áaôZ

living room á°û«©ne áaôZ

sitting room ¢Sƒ∏oL áaôZ

dining room (äG) IôØ°oS

kitchen (ïpHÉ£ne) ïnÑ£ne

bathroom (äG) ΩÉqªnM

toilet √É«pe (äG) IQhnO

balcony (äG) áaôo°T

garage (äG) êGônc/êGônL

cellar (ÖjOGôn°S) ÜGOôp°S

garden (≥pFGónM) á≤jónM

mirror (äG) IBGôpe

lift/elevator (ópYÉ°üne) ón©°üpe

washing machine (äG) ádÉ°qùnZ

sink (¢VGƒMnCG) ¢VƒnM

sofa (∂pFGQnCG) áµjQnCG/(äG) áÑnænc

fridge (äG) áLqÓnK

cooker (¿GôanCG) ¿ôoa

curtains ôpFÉàn°S

shower ¢ToO

carpets OÉqén°S

grass/plants Ö°ûoY

flowers OQnh

smoker (øj/¿h) øuNnóoe

swimming pool áMÉÑ°pS ΩÉqªnM

tennis court ¢ùæJ Ön©∏ne

air-conditioning AGƒng ∞««µnJ

resident (¿Éqµo°S) øpcÉ°S

marble ΩÉNoQ

beach (ÅpWGƒn°T) ÅpWÉ°T

countryside ∞jô

view (ôpXÉæe) ôn¶æne

field (∫ƒ≤oM) π≤nM

courtyard (äG) áMÉH

fountain (äG) IQƒaÉf

storage ¿õnN

phone (∞pJGƒng) ∞pJÉg

mobile phone ∫ƒªfi ∞JÉg

Adjectives äÉØ°üdGmodern åjónM

traditional q…ó«∏≤nJ

quiet ÇpOÉg

House and home 37

crowded ºpMnOõoe

spacious ™p°SGh

luxurious ôpNÉa

simple/basic §«°ùnH

comfortable íjôoe

suitable Ö°pSÉæoe

private q¢UÉN

forbidden ´ƒæªne

Verbs ∫É©aC’Gconsist (of) (øe) ¿qƒnµnànj ,n¿qƒnµnà

look (onto) (≈∏Y) qπp£oj ,nqπnWnCG

face (towards) (ƒënf) ¬qLnƒnànj ,n¬qLnƒnJ

vary ∞p∏nàînj ,∞n∏nàNpG

Other phrases iôNC’G äGQÉÑ©dGground floor q»°VQC’G ≥HÉ£dG

first floor ∫qhC’G ≥HÉ£dG

can be found ónLƒJ/ónLƒj

is used Ωnóînà°ùoJ/Ωnóînà°ùoj

for rent QÉéjEÓpd

in the style of… ...RGôp£pH

in the day(time) QÉ¡ædG ‘

as for… ÉqeCG

for that reason ∂pdGòpd

non-/not ÒnZ

Additional note: Case endings

You will probably be aware that formal standard Arabic includes caseendings added to nouns and adjectives. You may hear these endingsin scripted news bulletins, formal speeches and similar situations.

As a general rule, the case endings do not affect the spelling andyou need only recognise them when you see or hear them. The mostcommon exception to this is the additional alif known as alif tanwınwhich is added to the indefinite accusative:

indefinite (‘a boy’) definite (‘the boy’)

nominative lódh waladun oódƒdG al-waladu

accusative kGódh waladan nódƒdG al-walada

genitive módh waladin pódƒdG al-waladi

Note that alif tanwın is not added to a word ending with tmarbü†a:

káaôZ ghurfatan.

Mastering Arabic 1 Structure Note sections give more details abouthow the individual cases are formed and when they are used.Alternatively you can consult a good reference grammar.

active participles 8, 62, 102

adjectives 30

adverbial phrases 43

alif tanwın 86, 121

assimilated verbs 83, 142

attached pronouns

with noun/verb 11

with inna/lkinna 13

with li-anna 59

bi + transportation 79

case endings 37, 55, 159

collective nouns 27

colours 122

comparatives 162

conditional 176

defective verbs 84, 143

doubled verbs 49, 83, 129

dual

verbs 48, 82

nouns 189

forms of the verb 63, 102, 143

future tense 175

i∂fa 9, 94, 97

idh/in (if) 176

hamzated verbs 49, 83

hollow verbs 83, 142

imperative 76, 145

inna 13

jussive 91, 143

kn 86, 209

modals 193

negative

present 49

past 83, 91

future 175

imperative 146

nisba adjective 5

nominal sentences 2

non-human plural 131

passive verbs 179, 181

passive participles 62, 102

past tense 82

plural 26, 30, 55

plural adjectives 30

present tense 48

pronouns 11

Grammar index

298

The following index contains the key Arabic structures and grammar inMastering Arabic 2, referenced by page number.

question words 4

relative pronouns 127

subjunctive 73, 175

verbs

present tense 48, 159

past tense 82, 91

future tense 175

passive 179, 181

doubled 49, 83, 129

weak 50, 83, 142

assimilated 83, 142

hollow 83, 142

defective 84, 143

hamzated 83

verbal nouns 62, 65, 102

weak verbs 50, 83, 142

word order 86

Grammar index 299

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