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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture Sustainable Food Production Issues for the 21 st Century LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Glossary of Agricultural Terms USDA United States Department of Agriculture Conventional Cultivation as defined by the USDA, the use of chemical inputs to maximize agricultural production to provide healthy safe and cost efficient food stuffs for the American public. Organic Cultivation - as owned by the United States Government, organic is a labeling term that indicates that the food or other agricultural product has been produced through approved methods that integrate cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that foster cycling of resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity. Synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, irradiation, and genetic engineering may not be used. Learn more.Learn more Chemical Free Cultivation as defined by the European Union and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the use of natural minerals and organic carbon sources for food production. Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable production practices involve a variety of methods. Specific strategies take into account topography, soil characteristics, climate, pests, local availability of inputs and the individual grower's goals.Sustainable Urban Agriculture - the growing of plants and the raising of animals within and around cities. Learn more.Learn more Local Food as defined by Slow Foods International is less than 300 miles.Slow Foods International LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm On the Farm Valentine Hill Farm an Overview LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Valentine Hill Farm Valentine Hill Farm. Our goal is to provide healthy, locally grown and produced, chemical free foods for you and your family. The Bakery at Valentine Hill Farm We specialize in growing chemical free vegetables and fruit on our farm and producing artisan bakery products in our bakery. We also provide membership opportunities in our Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) services. We exceed the USDA National Organic Program standards through sustainable chemical free farming practices.USDA National Organic Program To insure the health of the land for this generation and future generations and we strive to do so with the smallest possible carbon footprint. We pledge non-GMO and chemical free. We use100% certified organic ingredients. Mission of Valentine Hill Farm Located in southeastern Boone County, Zionsville, Indiana Serving the greater Indianapolis metropolitan area since 2005 Using ecologically sustainable agricultural practices Preparing and educating farmers, educators and students for optimal local food production LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Business Strategies How to meet the bills Organic Certification Business Costs Living Costs Savings and Cash Flow Commodity Prices What to Grow How To Grow Where to Grow Other Income Centers, Farmers Markets Agritourism Workshops Educational Sessions Bed and Breakfast Internships Externships Classes and Tours Value Added Products Bakery Lectures Education Income LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Cultivation Strategies Site Conditions Topography Soil Types Soil Fertility Soil Chemistry Access and Equipment Sun Study Wind Pattern Soil Moisture Climate Data Cultivation Types Low Density Medium Density High Density Cropping Types Monoculture Mixed single family species Plant or animal or mixed Specialty Cash Truck or Subsistence Sustainable (optimal) Conventional (maximal) LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Why Urban Farming Food Safety Large scale operations for plant and animal production and finishing is susceptible to breakdown and loss of adequate food production Increased number of stops along the supply chain results in a loss of custody Consumer Demand Fear that contaminated food is everywhere Uncertain about the safety and quality of the food being sold Higher exposure to a wider variety of food products Cosmopolitan and cultural diversity increasing in smaller market areas Transportation Costs Increasing dependency on large farm operations (CAFO) isolated and removed from major markets Why Change Farming Locations? LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Food Production Issues Affordable Population Density Production Parcel Sizes Climate Changes Habitat Intrusions Micro Weather Patterns Plant and Animal Natural History and Cycles Zoning Requirements Land Use Planning Local Economies Local Regulation, Inspections and Certifications Consumer Education Urban Ecology Agricultural Ecology Mixed Use Compatibility Air Rights (Height restrictions) Sun Rights Water Rights What to Think About LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm At the Market How has the outdoor shopping market changed? Still have local foods Still have crowds Still have seasons Still have fun Producer vs. reseller Organic vs. conventional Seasonal vs. year round Focus on local production vs. nationwide Are there Design Standards for a market? Minimal Design Standards specifically for farmers markets standards are controlled by local jurisdiction and inspection Most design elements are up to the designer LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Bibliography and Readings for Urban Ecology, Urban Farming and Design LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Urban Farming Planning Readings American Planning Association. (2007). Policy guide on community and regional food planning. Retrieved from http://www.bracrtf.com/documents/APAPolicyGuide- CommunityandRegionalFoodPlanning.pdfhttp://www.bracrtf.com/documents/APAPolicyGuide- CommunityandRegionalFoodPlanning.pdf Balmer, K., Gill, J., Kaplinger, H., Miller, J., Peterson,M., Rhoads, A., Wall, T. (2005). The diggable city:Making urban agriculture a planning priority. Nohad A.Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning.Retrieved from http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=122587http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=122587 Bingen, J., Colasanti, K., Fitzpatrick, M., & Nault, K.(2009). Urban agriculture. In L. Phoenix (Ed.),Critical food issues: Problems and state-of-the-art solutionsworldwide (pp. 109122). Santa Barbara, CA: ABCCLIO,LLC. Brown, K. & Jameton, A. (2000). Public health implications of urban agriculture. Journal of Public Health Policy, 21(1), 2039. oi:10.2307/3343472 Campbell, M. C. (2004). Building a common table: The role for planning in community food systems. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 23(4), 34155. doi:10.1177/0739456X04264916 City of Flint Zoning Ordinance. Article II. Chapter 50:Zoning, A-1: Single-Family Low Density District, 50-17: Principle Permitted Uses, p. 26. Flint, MI.Retrieved from http://www.ci.flint.mi.us/Planning/ZONING_ORD.pdfhttp://www.ci.flint.mi.us/Planning/ZONING_ORD.pdf Conner, D., Montri, A. D., Montri, D. N., & Hamm, M.W. (2009). Consumer demand for local produce at extended season farmers markets: Guiding farmer marketing strategies. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 24(4), 251259.doi:10.1017/S1742170509990044

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Bibliography and Readings for Urban Ecology, Urban Farming and Design LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Heller, M. & Keoleian, G. (2003). Assessing the sustainability of the US food system: A life cycle perspective. Agricultural Systems, 76(3), 10011041. doi:10.1016/S0308-521X(02)00027-6 Urban Farming Business Readings Kaufman, J. & Bailkey, M. (2000). Farming inside cities: Entrepreneurial urban agriculture in the United States. Working paper, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved from http://www.urbantilth.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/farminginsidecities.pdfhttp://www.urbantilth.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/farminginsidecities.pdf Morland, K., Wing S. B., Roux A. D., & Poole, C. (2002). Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(1),2329 Pothukuchi, K., & Kaufman, J. (1999). Placing the food system on the urban agenda: The role of municipal institutions in food systems planning. Agriculture and Human Values, 16, 21324. doi:10.1023/A:1007558805953 Pothukuchi, K. & Wallace, R. (2009). Sustainable food systems: Perspectives on transportation policy. In Malkefzali, S. (Ed.), Healthy, Equitable Transportation Policy: Recommendations and Research (pp. 113130). Oakland, CA: PolicyLink. U.S. Census Bureau. (1990). 1990 Census of Population and Housing: Population and housing unit counts. CPH-2-1. Retrieved from www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-1-1.pdf www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-1-1.pdf U.S. Census Bureau. (2009). Median household income for states: 2007 and 2008 American Community Surveys. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/acsbr08-2.pdf http://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/acsbr08-2.pdf

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Bibliography and Readings for Urban Ecology, Urban Farming and Design LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Food-From Farm to Table 1982 Yearbook of Agriculture by United States Department of Agriculture. (1982). United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Urban Farming and Health Readings Fighting Poverty and Hunger: What Role for Urban Agriculture?Fighting Poverty and Hunger: What Role for Urban Agriculture? Alberto Zezza and Luca TasciottiFAO ES-Policy -Briefs, August 2010. For more information on FAO urban agriculture and policy briefs visit http://www.fao.org/economic/es-policybriefs/briefs- detail/en/?no_cache=1&uid=45052http://www.fao.org/economic/es-policybriefs/briefs- detail/en/?no_cache=1&uid=45052 The Call of the Land: An Agrarian Primer for the 21 st Century by Steven McFadden. (2009). Nashville, IN: Norlights Press. 119 pp. $12.95, paperback. See the books website at thecalloftheland.wordpress.com.thecalloftheland.wordpress.com Ecology, Urban Environmental Challenges and Engineering Primers Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity by William Ophuls. (1977). W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, CA Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural by Donald Hammer. (1989). Lewis Publishers, Inc, Chelsea, MI Ecological Engineering An Introduction to Ecotechnology Edited by William Mitsch and Sven Erik Jrgensen. (1989). John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY Rehabilitating Damaged Ecosystems Volume 1 Edited by John Cairns, Jr. (1988). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Bibliography and Readings for Urban Ecology, Urban Farming and Design LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Ecology, Urban Environmental Challenges and Engineering Primers Landscape Ecology by Richard Forman and Michel Godron. (1986). John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY Ren Dubos, 1976, Symbiosis Between the Earth and Humankind, Science 6 August 1976: Vol. 193 no. 4252 pp. 459-462 DOI: 10.1126/science.193.4252.459 (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/193/4252/459.citation)http://www.sciencemag.org/content/193/4252/459.citation The Soil Resource Origin and Behavior Ecological Studies Number 37 by Hans Jenny. (1980). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY Urban Soil in Landscape Design by Phillip Craul. (1992). John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY Storm Water Collection Systems Design Handbook Edited by Larry Mays. (2001). McGraw Hill Companies, New York, NY Design With Nature by Ian McHarg. (1992). John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY Route Location and Design Fifth Edition by Thomas Hickerson. (1964). McGraw Hill Companies, New York, NY

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Bibliography and Readings for Urban Ecology, Urban Farming and Design LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Electronic PDF Files Available from your Instructors Family Farm-Owned Cooperative Grocery Stores Alternative Retailing Strategy for North America? Copyright 2008 Duncan Hilchey, New Leaf Associates, Inc. 295 Hook Place, Ithaca, NY 14850 Feeding the Region: Assessing Local Agricultural Productive Capacity to Meet Demand in Tompkins County, NY Produced for the Tompkins County Cornell Cooperative Extension Monika Roth, Agriculture & Horticulture Program Leader The impact of green roof and green faade on urban agriculture by Nazanin Nafici Shared Harvest A Vision for a Sustainable, Organic Urban Farm in Arlington County, VA ENVR E-105, Spring 2010 Strategies for Sustainability Management Harvard University Extension School Environmental Management and Sustainability Dan Redmond RedmondDK@mac.com HUID # May 4, 2010RedmondDK@mac.com

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Web Resources LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Food Commons is a proposed national network of physical, financial and organizational infrastructure that allows local and regional markets to operate efficiently and foodshed-based enterprises to cooperate, compete and thrive according to the principles of sustainability, fairness, and public accountability. It is a whole systems approach to localized food economies that includes three integral components: 1) The Food Commons Trust 2) The Food Commons Bank, and 3) The Food Commons Hub. For more information contact: Larry Yee lkyee@ucdavis.edu jimcochran50@hotmail.comlkyee@ucdavis.edu jimcochran50@hotmail.com FOOD SYSTEM Wiki A Collaboration of the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Wisconsin Madison and AgDevONLINE This Wiki and its companion annotated bibliography were initiated as a class project for Urban and Regional Planning 711, Markets and Food Systems, at the University of Wisconsin Madison and is administered by AgDevONLINE. This Wiki aims to present a comprehensive guide to all food system and agriculture developmentrelated terms. It is our hope that these terms provide an accurate, normative overview of some everyday and some not-so-common phrases about this growing fieldDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning AgDevONLINE The Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program and The Reinvestment Fund have released a new online video and interactive map addressing the challenges of making sure low-income neighborhoods have access to something most of us take for granteda supermarket. An estimated 2 million people do not live near a supermarket, which makes it harder and more expensive for them to purchase food and costs their communities millions of dollars in economic activity. The new video, Getting to Market, describes why locating supermarkets in low- income communities is so important and what obstacles prevent this essential economic development. The interactive map offers local stakeholders detailed information on the opportunities for supermarket placement and area economic development. The focus is on 10 metropolitan areas across the country.new video, Getting to Market,

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Web Resources LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Don't believe Land Grants are providing leadership and resources on local food systems? Have a look at what's going on in North Carolina A sample of some of their projects: Farmhand Foods, LLC A business development project geared toward scaling the supply of local, pasture-raised meats. (www.farmhandfoods.com) WFI: Wayne Food Initiative A community-based food initiative in Wayne County (www.waynefoods.org). RTI-CSA A workplace-supported agriculture initiative at Research Triangle Institute (www.rti.org/csa). Farm to Fork Statewide Initiative A yearlong exploration of action opportunities for building a local, sustainable food system (www.cefs.ncsu.edu/cefsfarmtofork/home.html) with stakeholders across the state. Buy 10% Local Food Campaign A public education initiative to encourage consumption of foods grown and raised in North Carolina. SARE PDP Community-Based Food Systems Training Six new local food projects now well underway in counties across the state after the first year of training. First-year project teams are currently training second-year project teams on building local food systems. Sustainable Local Foods Advisory Council A new statewide legislated body tasked to facilitate the development of a sustainable local food economy in North Carolina. This report was developed with leadership from the C.S. Mott Group for Sustainable Food System at Michigan State University, the Food Bank Council of Michigan and the Michigan Food Policy Council. This report, along with the others in the series, provides the foundation for the goals and agenda priorities put forth in the Michigan Good Food Charter. From the Introduction: The good food problem we face is that most of the infrastructure needed for local and regional markets, which are growing, has washed out over the years like neglected roads and bridges. We have invested instead in building a superhighway to large national and global markets for Michigan food and farm products. These investments came primarily since the 1940s, when public and industry policy began to focus on producing food that is, as one industry insider describes it, fast, convenient and cheap, and government and industry leaders advised farms to get big or get out.

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Web Resources LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Urban Agriculture: Growing Healthy, Sustainable Places By Kimberley Hodgson, Marcia Caton Campbell, and Martin Bailkey Urban agriculture is rising steadily in popularity in the United States and Canadathere are stories in the popular press, it has an increasingly central place in the growing local food movement, and there is a palpable interest in changing urban environments to foster both healthier residents and more sustainable communities. From community and school gardens in small rural towns and commercial farms in suburbs to rooftop gardens and bee-keeping operations in dense cities, urban agriculture is sprouting up across the country. This report provides authoritative guidance for dealing with the opportunities and challenges faced by cities and counties of varying sizes, economies, and locations in supporting and expanding urban agriculture. Through case studies, the report illustrates the range of local government efforts, policies and programs both emerging and in place, and reveals the differences among local governments in their approaches as they respond to the needs of the urban agriculture community. For more information about this new report, visit http://planning.org/apastore/Search/Default.aspx?k=urban%20agriculturehttp://planning.org/apastore/Search/Default.aspx?k=urban%20agriculture Regional Food System InfrastructureRegional Food System Infrastructure NEW REPORT from the National Association of Development Organizations (NADO) The Western North Carolina Regional Livestock Center under construction (photo courtesy of WNC Communities) Limited access to regional processing facilities, slaughterhouses, dairy-bottling plants, cold-storage facilities, auction markets and distribution hubs hampers growth among small- and medium-size producers and limits their ability to offer their products to the regional market at affordable prices. Facilities that are needed in many regions to support regional food purchasing include shareduse or cooperative facilities such as processing, storage and distribution facilities, commercial kitchens or kitchen incubators for small businesses, and mobile processing facilities. Many regional development organizations (RDOs) and councils of governments are exploring how they can develop and support regional food systems infrastructure. Promoting small- and mid-size agricultural operations offers numerous benefits to a region, including sustained economic development, protection for regional farmland and rural landscapes, and reduced vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, sourcing food that is locally or regionally grown fosters a better understanding of food safety and supply issues in case of foodborne illnesses or contaminationsomething that is harder to trace in global food distribution networks. Finally, strengthening connections between regional farmers and area consumers can advance community nutrition and healthy living programs, such as farm-to-school projects and initiatives that support low-income populations, seniors and children. By developing partnerships with area farmers and other stakeholders, RDOs can help to develop regional food systems infrastructure that will support economic development initiatives and other program goals.

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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Web Resources LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Kenyon College Food For Thought Program Food for Thought is an initiative to build a sustainable local market for foods produced in and around Knox County, Ohio. Directed by the Rural Life Center at Kenyon College, this collaborative effort is developing a countywide food system to enable area farmers to market their products to individual consumers and institutional buyers, including schools, hospitals, restaurants, grocery stores, and caterers. Food for Thought benefits its community by: offering farmers a stable and profitable market for their products providing consumers with healthy, tasty, and nutritious food educating the public about their food choices, farming, and local rural life keeping more of the $130 million in annual food purchases within the county supporting independent businesses maintaining green space and rural character by sustaining family farms Email: rurallife@kenyon.edu Tel: +1-740-427-5850 The director of the Rural Life Center is Howard Sacks, senior advisor to the president and National Endowment for the Humanities distinguished professor of sociology. Professor Sacks wrote a commentary in the JAFSCD Issue 1 Volume 1 entitled Why Arent There Any Turkeys at the Danville Turkey Festival? This article includes a description of the innovations and accomplishments of the Food for Thought program. Rural Life Center at Kenyon College rurallife@kenyon.edu Why Arent There Any Turkeys at the Danville Turkey Festival?