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Contents of Previous Volumes

Volume 1

1. The Role of Genetics in the Expression of Alcoholism

Overview Donald Goodwin Twin Adoption Studies: How Good Is the Evidence for a Genetic Role

Pharmacogenetic Approaches to the Neuropharmacology of Ethanol

Henri Begleiter, Section Editor

Robin M. Murray, Christine A. Clifford, and Hugh M.D. Gurling

PetersonDennis R.

II. The Behavioral Treatment of Alcoholism

Overview Edward Gottheil How Environments and Persons Combine to Influence Problem Drinking: Current

Alcoholism: The Evolution of a Behavioral Perspective William H. George and G.

Behavioral Treatment Methods for Alcoholism Outcome Studies on Techniques in Alcoholism Treatment

Contributions to Behavioral Treatment from Studies on Programmed Access to

Current Status of the Field: Contrasting Perspectives

Edward Gottheil, Section Editor

Research Issues G.N. Barucht

Alan Marlatt Glenn R. Caddy and Trudy Block

Gloria K. Litman and Anne Topham

Alcohol

Therapist's View Behavioral Interventions S.H. Lovibond C. A Medical Clinician’s Perspective Robert A. Moore D. An Anthropological Perspective on the Behavior Modification Treatment of Alcoholism

Glen R. Caddy and Edward Gottheil A. The Behavioral

Mark B. Sobell and Linda C. Sobell B. The Future of

David Levinson

III. Social Mediators of Alcohol Problems: Movement toward Prevention Strategies Alfonso Paredes, Section Editor

Overview Alfonso Paredes Estimating Alcoholic Prevalence The Role of Alcohol Availability in Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol

Charles J. Furst

Problems Jerome Rabow and Ronald K. Watts

437

438 Contents of Previous Volumes

Price and Income Elasticities and the Demand for Alcoholic Beverages

Youth, Alcohol, and Traffic Accidents: Current Status

Stanley I. Ornstein and David Ley

Richard L. Douglass

IV. Current Concepts in the Diagnosis of Alcoholism

Overview James A. Halikas Detection, Assessment, and Diagnosis of Alcoholism: Current Techniques

Types and Phases of Alcohol Dependence Illness Neuropsychology of Alcoholism: Etiology, Phenomenology, Process, and

James A. Halikas, Section Editor

GeorgeR. Jacobson

Wallace Mandell

Outcome Ralph E. Tarter and Christopher M. Ryan

Volume 2

I. Experimental Social and Learning Models of Drinking

Overview Alfonso Paredes A Conditioning Model of Alcohol Tolerance Social Models of Drinking Behavior in Animals: The Importance of Individual

Social Correlates of Drinking in Contrived Situations

Alcohol-Ingestive Habits: The Role of Flavor and Effect

Commentary on the Utility of Experimental Social and Learning Models of

Alfonso Paredes, Section Editor

Christine L. Melchior and Boris Tabakoff

Differences

Jenuine Hopper

W. Rusiniak, and John Garcia

AlcoholismThomas Stanitis

Gaylord D. Ellison and Allen D. Potthoff Alfonso Paredes and Carolyn

Jack E. Sherman, Kenneth

Frank A. Halloway, O.H. Rundell, Pamela S. Kegg, Dick Gregory, and

II. Alcohol and the Liver: Recent Developments in Preclinical and Clinical

Overview Charles S. Lieber Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury: The Role of Oxygen

Hypermetabolic State and Hypoxic Liver Damage Commentary on the Hypermetabolic State and the Role of Oxygen in Alcohol-

Alcohol-Induced Mitochondrial Changes in the L iver Effect of Ethanol on Hepatic Secretory Problems

Use of Colchicine and Steroids in the Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease

Research Richard A. Deitrich, Section Editor

Ronald G. Thurman, Sungchul

Yedy Israel and Hector Orrego Ji, and John J. Lemasters

Induced Liver Injury Esteban Mezey Ellen R. Gordon

Dean J. Tuma and Michael E Sorrell

Galambos and Stan P. Riepe John T.

Contents of Previous Volumes 439

III. Aging and Alcoholism

Overview Edward Gottheil Neurobiological Relationships between Aging and Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Consumption and Premature Aging: A Critical Review

Aging and Alcohol Problems: Opportunities for Socioepidemiological

Life Stressors and Problem Drinking among Older Adults

Cross-Cultural Aspects of Alcoholism in the Elderly


Gerhard Freund Christopher Ryan

and Nelson Butters

Research Richard L. Douglass

Rudolf H. Moos John W. Finney and

Joseph Westermeyer

IV. Contributions from Anthropology to the Study of Alcoholism

Overview Linda A. Bennett Ethnohistory and Alcohol Studies Social-Network Considerations in the Alcohol Field Alcohol Use in the Perspective of Cultural Ecology Selected Contexts of Anthropological Studies in the Alcohol Field:

Family Research and Alcoholism Alcoholism-Treatment-Center-Based Projects Jack O. Waddell Cross-Cultural Studies of Alcoholism

Linda A. Bennett, Section Editor

Thomas W. Hill Carl A. Maida

Andrew J. Gordon

Introduction Dwight B. Heath Joan Ablon

Dwight B. Heath

Volume 3

I. High-Risk Studies of Alcoholism Overview Donald W. Goodwin Behavioral Effects of Alcohol in Sons of Alcoholics The EEG in Persons at Risk for Alcoholism

Psychopathology in Adopted-Out Children of Alcoholics: The Stockholm Adoption C. Robert Cloninger, Michael Bohman, Soren Sigvardsson, and Arne-Lils von

Donald W. Goodwin, Section Editor

Marc A. Shuckit Jan Volavka, Vicki Pollock, William F.

Gabrielli, Jr., and Sarnof A. Mednick

StudyKnorring

Premorbid Assessment of Young Men at Risk for Alcoholism Minimal Brain Dysfunction and Neuropsychological Test Performances in Offspring

Victor M. Hesselbrock, James R. Stabenau, and Michie N. Hesselbrock

Joachim Knop

of Alcoholics

II. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Alcohol Overview Erik ÄnggårdSynthesis of Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes: Effects of Ethanol

Richard A. Deitrich, Section Editor

Robert C. Murphy and Jay Y. Westcott


Biochemical Interactions of Ethanol with the Arachidonic Acid Cascade

Brain Arachidonic Acid Metabolites: Functions and Interactions with Ethanol Jay Y.

Sam N. Pennington

Westcott and Alan C. Collins

III. Cardiovascular Effects of Alcohol AbuseOverview David H. Van Thiel Alcohol, Coronary Heart Disease, and Total Mortality

Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Myocardial Effects of Alcohol Abuse: Clinical and Physiologic

Biochemical Mechanisms Responsible for Alcohol-Associated

David H. Van Thiel, Section Editor

Ronald E. LaPorte, Jane A.

Katherine M. Flegal and Cauley, Lewis H. Kuller, Katherine Flegal, and David Van Thiel

Jane A. Cauley

Consequences

Myocardiopathy

David H. Van Thiel and Judith S. Gavaler

David H. Van Thiel, J.S. Gavaler, and D. Lehotay

IV. Cerebral Functioning in Social DrinkersOverview Elizabeth Parker The Continuity Hypothesis: The Relationship of Long-Term Alcoholism to the

The Impact of Fathers’ Drinking on Cognitive Loss among Social

Alcohol Use and Cognitive Functioning in Men and Women College

Elizabeth Parker, Section Editor

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Drinkers

StudentsA. Quitoriana, Annette M. Butler, and Lawrence A. Meredith

CT Demonstration of the Early Effects of Alcohol on the Brain Cognitive Deficits and Morphological Cerebral Changes in a Random Sample of

Brain Damage in Social Drinkers? Reasons for Caution

Statistical Issues for Research on Social Drinkers Functional Brain Imaging

Nelson Buffers and Jason Brandt

Elizabeth A. Parker, Douglas A. Parker, and Jacob A. Brody

RoseannHannon, Charles P. Butler, CarolLynn Day, StevenA. Khan, Lupo

Lesley Ann Cala

Social Drinkers Hans Bergman

Christopher Ryan Shirley Y. Hill and

Ronald Schoenberg Robert M. Kessler

Volume 4

I. Combined Alcohol and Drug Abuse Problems Overview Edward Gottheil Multiple Drug Use: Epidemiology, Correlates, and Consequences

Mechanisms of Depressant Drug Action/Interaction Sedative Drug Interactions of Clinical Importance Treating Multiple Substance Abuse Clients


Richard R. Clayton

Eugene P. Schoener Paul Cushman, Jr.

Jerome F.X. Carroll


II. Typologies of AlcoholicsOverviewClassification and Forms of Inebriety: Historical Antecedents of Alcoholic

Thomas F. Babor and Richard J. Lauerman Empirically Derived Classifications of Alcohol-Related Problems

An Examination of Selected Typologies: Hyperactivity, Familial, and Antisocial

Alcoholic Typologies: A Review of Empirical Evaluations of Common Classification

Alcoholic Subtypes Based on Multiple Assessment Domains: Validation against

Thomas F. Babor and Roger E. Meyer, Section Editors Thomas F. Babor and Roger E. Meyer

Typologies

and Harvey A. Skinner

Alcoholism

Schemes Michie N. Hesselbrock

Treatment Outcome

Leslie C. Morey

Arthur I. Alterman and Ralph E. Tarter

Dennis M. Donovan, Daniel R. Kivlahan, and R. Dale Walker

III. The Alcohol Withdrawal Syndromes Overview Alfonso Paredes The Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A View from the Laboratory

Clinical Neuroendocrinology and Neuropharmacology of Alcohol

Clinical Assessment and Pharmacotherapy of the Alcohol Withdrawal

Special Aspects of Human Alcohol Withdrawal


Dora B. Goldstein

Withdrawal

Syndrome

Wilkins

Jeffrey N. Wilkins and David A. Gorelick

Claudio A. Naranjo and Edward M. Sellers David A. Gorelick and Jeffrey N.

IV. Renal and Electrolyte Consequences of Alcohol Abuse

Overview David H. Van Thiel Disorders of the Serum Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Renal Function in

Urinary Tract Infections and Renal Papillary Necrosis in Alcoholism

Disorders of Divalent Ions and Vitamin D Metabolism in Chronic

The Pathogenesis of Renal Sodium Retention and Ascites Formation in Laennec’s


Alcoholism

Pitts and David H. Van Thiel

Alcoholism

Cirrhosis Thomas O. Pitts

Thomas O. Pitts and David H. Van Thiel Thomas O.

Thomas O. Pitts and David H. Van Thiel

Volume 5

I. Alcohol and Memory Henri Begleiter, Section Editor Overview Henri Begleiter The Chronic Effects of Alcohol on Memory: A Contrast between a Unitary and Dual

System Approach D. Adrian Wilkinson and Constantine X. Poulos


The Etiology and Neuropathology of Alcoholic Korsakoff’s Syndrome: Some

Cognitive Deficits Related to Memory Impairments in Alcoholism

Specificity of Memory Deficits in Alcoholism Ethanol Intoxication and Memory: Recent Developments and New

Evidence for the Role of the Basal Forebrain

Berman and Ronald J. Ellis

David P. Salmon and Nelson Butters Marlene Oscar-

Walter H. Riege

Directions Richard G. Lister, Michael J. Eckardt, and Herbert Weingartner

II. Alcohol Treatment and Society

Overview Robin Room Inebriety, Doctors, and the State: Alcoholism Treatment Institutions before

Sociological Perspectives on the Alcoholism Treatment Literature since

The Social Ecology of Alcohol Treatment in the United States The Great Controlled-Drinking Controversy

Robin Room, Section Editor

1940

1940

Jim Baumohl and Robin Room

Normal Giesbrecht and Kai Pernanen Connie Weisner

Ron Roizen

III. The Effects of Ethanol on Ion Channels

Overview Richard A. Deitrich Calcium Channels: Interactions with Ethanol and Other Sedative-Hypnotic

Effects of Ethanol on the Functional Properties of Sodium Channels in Brain Michael J. Mullin and Walter A. Hunt

Involvement of Neuronal Chloride Channels in Ethanol Intoxication, Tolerance, and

The Effects of Ethanol on the Electrophysiology of Calcium Channels

The Electrophysiology of Potassium Channels


Drugs Steven W. Leslie

Synaptosomes

Dependence

and S.G. Oakes

Andrea M. Allan and R. Adron Harris R.S Pozos

Peter L. Carlen

IV. Hazardous and Early Problem Drinking

Overview Alfonso Paredes Studying Drinking Problems Rather than Alcoholism Social Drinking as a Health and Psychosocial Risk Factor: Anstie’s Limit

Methods of Intervention to Modify Drinking Patterns in Heavy Drinkers

Techniques to Modify Hazardous Drinking Patterns William R. Miller Alcohol-Related Hazardous Behavior among College Students


Dan Cahalan

Revisited

Kristenson

Thomas E Babor, Henry R. Kranzler, and Richard L. Lauerman Hans

Jerome Rabow, Carole A. Neuman, Ronald K. Watts, and Anthony C.R. Hernandez


Volume 6

I. Substance Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Overview Edward Gottheil Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Abuse: Clinical Issues The Interrelationship of Substance Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:


Edgar P. Nace

Terence M. Keane, Robert J. Gerardi,Epidemiological and Clinical Complications Judith A. Lyons, and Jessica Wolfe

Abuse

for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorder Robert F. Peck, Ralph Robinowitz, William Bell, and Dolores Little

Alcohol Dependency

Biological Mechanisms in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Relevance for Substance

Coping and Defending Styles among Vietnam Combat Veterans Seeking Treatment Walter E. Penk,

Thomas R. Kosten and John Krystal

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in World War II and Korean Combat Veterans with Keith A. Druley and Steven Pashko

II. Alcohol and Its Management in the Workplace Overview Paul M. Roman The Epidemiology of Alcohol Abuse among Employed Men and Women

A. Parker and Gail C. Farmer Growth and Transformation in Workplace Alcoholism Programming Constructive Confrontation and Other Referral Processes

Identification of Alcoholics in the Workplace

Monitoring the Process of Recovery: Using Electronic Pagers as a Treatment

Posttreatment Follow-up, Aftercare, and Worksite Reentry of the Recovering

New Occupations and the Division of Labor in Workplace Alcoholism

Paul M. Roman, Section Editor

Douglas

Paul M. Roman Harrison M. Trice and

William J. Sonnenstuhl

and Lynn Gracin

Intervention William J. Filstead

Alcoholic Employee

Programs Terry C. Blum

Walter Reichman, Douglas W. Young,

Andrea Foote and John C. Erfurt

III. Consequences of Alcohol Abuse Unique to Women

Overview David H. Van Thiel Effects of Moderate Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages on Endocrine Function in

Effects of Alcohol Abuse on Reproductive Function in Women Maternal Ethanol Use and Selective Fetal Malnutrition

Ethanol Metabolism and Hepatotoxicity: Does Sex Make a Difference?


Postmenopausal Women: Bases for Hypotheses Judith S. Gavaler Nancy K. Mello

Stanley E. Fisher and Peter I. Karl

Van Thiel and Judith A. Gavaler David H.


IV. Markers for Risk of Alcoholism and Alcohol Intake

Overview Richard A. Deitrich Physiological and Psychological Factors as Predictors of Alcoholism Risk

Brain Evoked Potentials as Predictors of Risk

Molecular Markers for Linkage of Genetic Loci Contributing to Alcoholism

Blood Markers of Alcoholic Liver Disease Discriminant Function Analysis of Clinical Laboratory Data: Use in Alcohol

Acetaldehyde and Its Condensation Products as Markers of Alcoholism


Marc A.Shuckit

Nagamoto

Goldman

Robert Freedman and Herbert

David

Charles S. Lieber

Research

A. Collins

Zelig S. Dolinsky and Jerome M. Schnitt Michael

Volume 7: Treatment Research

I. Alcoholics Anonymous: Emerging Concepts Overview Chad D. Emrick A Sociocultural History of Alcoholics Anonymous

Alcoholics Anonymous: Membership Characteristics and Effectiveness as

Some Limitations of Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous and Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapy

Al-Anon and Recovery

Chad D. Emrick, Section Editor

Harrison M. Trice and William J.Staudenmeier, Jr.

Treatment Chad D. Emrick Alan C. Ogborne

Edward J. Khantzian and John E. Mack

Timmen L. Cermak

II. Family Systems and Family Therapy in Alcoholism

Overview Edward Gottheil Family, Alcohol, and Culture Alcoholism and Family Interaction Alcoholism and Family Factors: A Critical Review Outcomes of Family-Involved Alcoholism Treatment


Linda A. Bennett Theodore Jacob and Ruth Ann Seilhamer

Barbara S. McCrady Jane Jacobs and Steven J. Wolin

III. Serotonin and Alcohol PreferenceOverview Richard A. Deitrich Serotonin and Ethanol Preference


William J. McBride, James M. Murphy, Lawrence Lumeng, and Ting-Kai Li


Use of Serotonin-Active Drugs in Alcohol Preference Studies Serotonin Uptake Blockers and Voluntary Alcohol Consumption: A Review of Recent

Joseph E. Zabik

Studies Kathryn Gill and Z. Amit

IV. Clinical Pharmacology in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: Manipulation

Overview Alfonso Paredes Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors Attenuate Ethanol Intake in Problem Drinkers

Serotonin Uptake Blockers and the Treatment of Alcoholism Benzodiazepines in the Treatment of Alcoholism

Does Lithium Carbonate Therapy for Alcoholism Deter Relapse Drinking?

Treatment of Chronic Organic Mental Disorders Associated with Alcoholism

Methodological and Ethical Issues in Alcohol Research

of Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Drinking Alfonso Paredes, Section Editor

ClaudioA. Naranjo and Edward M. Sellers

David A. Gorelick David Nutt, Bryon Adinof, and

Markku Linnoila

C. Clark and Jan Fawcett

R. Martin, Michael J. Eckardt, and Markku Linnoila

David

Peter

Alfonso Paredes

Volume 8: Combined Alcohol and Other Drug Dependence

I. The Nature of the Syndrome The Behavioral Pharmacology of Alcohol and Other Drugs: Emerging

The Dependence Syndrome Concept as Applied to Alcohol and Other Substances of

Operationalization of Alcohol and Drug Dependence Criteria by Means of a

From Basic Concepts to Clinical Reality: Unresolved Issues in the Diagnosis of

Thomas F. Babor, Section Editor

Issues

Abuse

Structured Interview

DependenceJoseph Brown

Marilyn E. Carroll, Maxine L. Stitzer, Eric Strain, and RichardA. Meisch

Therese A. Kosten and Thomas R. Kosten

Linda B. Cottler and Susan K. Keating

Thomas F. Babor, Barbara Orrok, Neil Leibowitz, Ronald Salomon, and

II. Social Deviancy and Alcohol Dependence

A Review of Correlates of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Problems in Adolescence Kathleen K. Bucholz

Drug Use and Its Social Covariates from the Period of Adolescence to YoungAdulthood: Some Implications from Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal Patterns of Alcohol Use by Narcotics Addicts M. Douglas Anglin, and Keiko Powers

Problem Drinking and Alcohol Problems: Widening the Circle of Covariation Stanley W. Sadava


Kazuo Yamaguchi Yih-Ing Hser,


111. Biological Issues: Ethanol-Drug Interactions

Behavioral Aspects of Alcohol-Tobacco Interactions Interactions of Ethanol and Nicotine at the Receptor Level Interactions between Alcohol and Benzodiazepines


James P. Zacny

Leo E. Hollister Allan C. Collins

IV. Emerging Clinical Issues in the Treatment of Alcohol and/or Other Drugs of

Cultural Factors in the Choice of Drugs Self-Regulation and Self-Medication Factors in Alcoholism and the Addictions:

Treating Combined Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Community-Based

Structured Outpatient Treatment of Alcohol vs. Drug Dependencies Arnold M.

Behavioral Treatment of Alcohol and Drug Abuse: What Do We Know and Where

Abuse Edward Gottheil, Section Editor

Dwight B. Heath

Similarities and Differences E.J. Khantzian

Programs Robert L. Hubbard

Washton

Shall We Go? Reid K. Hester, Ted D. Nirenberg, and Ann M. Begin

Volume 9: Children of Alcoholics

I. Genetic Predisposition to Alcoholism

Overview Henri Begleiter A Longitudinal Study of Children of Alcoholics Neuropsychological Factors in Individuals at High Risk for Alcoholism

Hesselbrock, Lance O. Bauer, Michie N. Hesselbrock, and Robert Gillen Potential Biochemical Markers for the Predisposition toward Alcoholism

Eskay and Markku Linnoila Neurophysiological Factors in Individuals at Risk for Alcoholism

and Henri Begleiter Developmental Behavior-Genetic Perspective of Alcoholism Etiology

Tarter

Henri Begleiter, Section Editor

Marc A. Schuckit Victor

Robert

Bernice Porjesz

Ralph E.

II. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Overview Donald M. Gallant Basic Animal Research A Revised Estimate of the Economic Impact of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Clinical Correlations between Ethanol Intake and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Donald M. Gallant, Section Editor

Stata Norton and Lois A. Kotkoskie Ernest L.

ClaireAbel and Robert J. Sokol

B. Ernhart


The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol on the Central Nervous System Kathy J. Smith and

Multilevel Intervention for Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Effects of Michael J. Eckardt

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Iris E. Smith and Claire D. Coles

III. Vulnerability to Disease in Relatives of Alcoholics

Overview David H. Van ThielVulnerability to Alcoholic Liver Disease

H. Van Thiel Hepatic Encephalopathy Coexistent with Alcoholism

Arria, and David H. Van Thiel Vulnerability to Cardiac Disease


Amelia M. Arria, Ralph E. Tarter, and David

Ralph E. Tarter, Amelia M.

Samir Zakhari

IV. Social and Environmental Issues

OverviewAdult Children of Alcoholics: The History of a Social Movement and Its Impact on

Epidemiological Perspectives on Children of Alcoholics

Psychological Characteristics of Children of Alcoholics: Overview of Research

From Prevention to Treatment: Issues for School-Aged Children of James G. Emshoff and Lisa L. Anyan

Treating Adults Raised by Alcoholic Parents

Edward Gottheil and Jeannette L. Johnson, Section Editors

Edward Gottheil and Jeannette L. Johnson

Clinical Theory and Practice

Theodore Reich

Methods and Findings

Alcoholics

Stephanie Brown Stephen H. Dinwiddie and

Kenneth J. Sher

Jeannette L. Johnson and Stuart Tiegel

Volume 10: Alcohol and Cocaine

Alfonso Paredes, Section Editor I. Clinical Pathology Overview Alfonso Paredes The Role of Alcohol in Cocaine Dependence

Alcohol and Cocaine: Clinical and Pharmacological InteractionsHypothalamic–Pituitary Function during Alcohol Exposure and Withdrawal and

Jeffrey N. Wilkins, David A. Gorelick, Koonlawee Nademanee,

Hari Khalsa, Alfonso Paredes, and M. Douglas Anglin

David A. Gorelick

Cocaine Exposure Anna Taylor, and David S. Herzberg

Disorders

McKenna and Alfonso Paredes

Emergency Room Evaluation of Cocaine-Associated Neuropsychiatric

Dual-Diagnosis Empirical and Developmental-Humanistic Approaches Ricardo Mendoza, Bruce L. Miller, and Ismael Mena

Alina M.


II. Psychosocial Factors and Treatment Overview Edward Gottheil Alcohol and Cocaine Abuse: A Comparison of Epidemiology and Clinical

Prohibition or Liberalization of Alcohol and Drugs? A Sociocultural

A Comparison of Drug Conditioning and Craving for Alcohol and Cocaine

Psychotherapy and Patient Needs in the Treatment of Alcohol and Cocaine Robert J. Schneider and Edward J. Khantzian

Acute Treatment of Alcohol and Cocaine Emergencies


Characteristics

Perspective Dwight B. Heath

B. Newlin

Abuse

Andrew E. Slaby

Mary H. Closser and Thomas R. Kosten

David

Wanda A. Taylor and

III. Pharmacology and Biochemistry Overview Donald M. GallantNeuropharmacology of Cocaine and Ethanol Dependence

Recent Advances in Pharmacological Research on Alcohol: Possible Relations with

Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Cocaine Effects: Possible Relationships with Mary C. Ritz, Michael J. Kuhar, and Frank R. George

Developing and Evaluating New Treatments for Alcoholism and Cocaine

Donald M. Gallant, Section Editor

George E Koob and Friedbert Weiss

Cocaine

Effects of Ethanol

DependenceThomas McLellan

Krystyna M. Wozniak and Markku Linnoila

Charles P. O’Brien, Arthur Alterman, Anna Rose Childress, and A.

IV. Medical Complications of Alcohol and Cocaine Abuse

Overview David H. Van Thiel Gastrointestinal Complications of Cocaine Abuse

Hepatotoxicity Associated with Cocaine Abuse

Cardiovascular Complications of Cocaine Abuse Respiratory Complications of Cocaine Abuse


David H. Van Thiel and Joshua A. perper

perperDavid H. Van Thiel and Joshua A.

Joshua A. perper and David H. Van Thiel Joshua A. Perper and David H. Van Thiel

Volume 11: Ten Years of Progress

I. Social and Cultural Perspectives Overview Dwight B. Heath Sociology Helene Raskin White Anthropology Dwight B. Heath

Dwight B. Heath, Section Editor


Psychology Marsha E. Bates Children and Alcohol Family Systems Gender Issues Ethnicity Howard T. Blane The Workplace Public Drinking Eric Single Substance and Symbol

Alan R. Lang and Werner G.K. Stritzke Linda A. Bennett and Michael LaBonte

Edith S. Lisansky Gombert

Craig R. lanes and Genevieve M. Ames

Howard F.Stein

II. Physiology and Biochemistry Overview Richard A. Deitrich Neuronal Ion Channels Opioid Peptides The Liver David W. Crabb Genetic Transmission David Goldman Immunological Aspects


Enrico Sanna and R. Adron Harris Janice C. Froehlich and T.K. Li

Rodney C. Baker and Thomas R. Jerrells

III. Clinical Pathology Overview Alfonso Paredes Biobehavioral Correlates Typologies in Women Reducing the Desire to Drink: Pharmacology to Neurobiology

Molecular Biology and Behavior


David V. Gauvin, Eme Y. Cheng, and Frank A. Holloway Sara Jo Nixon

Ray Z. Litten and John P. Allen

Ernest P. Noble and Alfonso Paredes

IV. Trends in Treatment Overview Edward Gottheil Developments in Alcoholism Treatment Behavioral Treatment Pharmacological Treatment David M. Gorelick Inpatient Treatment Edward P. Nace Psychodynamic Approaches Dealing with Alcohol Problems in the Workplace


Laura Schmidt and Constance Weisner Dennis M. Donovan and G. Alan Marlatt

Nancy Boehm, E.J. Khantzian, and Lance M. Dodes Paul M. Roman and Terry C. Blum

Volume 12: Alcoholism and Women

I. Epidemiology OverviewVulnerability to Alcoholism in Women: Genetic and Cultural Factors

May C. Dufour and Richard F. Fuller, Section Editors May C. Dufour and Richard K. Fuller

Shirley Y. Hill


Drinking and Problem Drinking in US Women: Patterns and Recent Sharon C. Wilsnack and Richard W. Wilsnack

Older Women and Alcohol: Use and Abuse Violent Victimization among Women with Alcohol Problems

Women, Alcohol, and Driving Employed Women with Alcohol Problems Who Seek Help from Employee Assistance

TrendsEdith S. Lisansky Gomberg

Brenda A. Miller and William R. Downs

Patricia F. Waller and Frederic C. Blow

Programs: Description and Comparisons Eileen M. Harwood

Terry C. Blum, Paul M. Roman, and

II. Physiology Overview Richard A. Deitrich Gender Differences in Alcohol Metabolism: Physiological Responses to

Ethanol Holly S. Thomasson Mental and Physical Health Consequences of Alcohol Use in Women

HillAlcohol Effects on Hormone Levels in Normal Postmenopausal Women and in

Postmenopausal Women with Alcohol-Induced Cirrhosis Gender Differences in Animal Studies: Implications for the Study of Human

Alcoholism Francine E. Lancaster Sex Distinctiveness in Effectiveness Genotype Sex Differences in Ethanol-Related Behaviors in Genetically Defined Murine

Sex Differences in Mesolimbic Dopamine Responses to Ethanol and Relationship to

Anxiolytic Effects of Steroid Hormones during Estrous Cycle: Interactions with Michelle D. Brot, George F. Koob, and Karen T. Britton


Shirley Y.

Judith S. Gavaler

Gerald E. McClearn

Stocks

Ethanol Intake in Rats

Ethanol

Byron C. Jones and Keith E. Whitfield

BettyA. Blanchard and Stanley D. Glick

III. Behavior and Treatment Issues Overview Alfonso Paredes Women, Alcohol, and Sexuality Cognitive Psychosocial Performance and Recovery in Female Alcoholics

The Emergence of Problem-Drinking Women as a Special Population in Need of


Linda J. Beckman and Kimberly T. Ackerman Sara Jo

Nixon and Susan Wagner Glenn

Treatment Laura Schmidt and Constance Weisner

IV. Social and Cultural Issues OverviewRace/Ethnicity and Other Sociocultural Influences on Alcoholism Treatment for

WomenPatterns of Alcohol Use among Ethnic Minority Adolescent Women Ruth W.

Edwards, Pamela Jumper Thurman, and Fred Beauvais

Edward Gottheil and Ellen E Gottheil, Section Editors Edward Gottheil and Ellen E Gottheil

Beatrice A. Rouse, James H. Carter, and Sylvia Rodriguez-Andrew


Alcoholism in the Family: A Multicultural Exploration Gender Differences for the Risk of Alcohol-Related Problems in Multiple National

Andrea C. Barthwell

Contexts: A Research Synthesis from the Collaborative Alcohol-RelatedLongitudinal Report E. Victor Leino, Carlisle Shoemaker, Catherine R. Ager, and Heidi P. Ferrer

Kaye Middleton Fillmore, Jacqueline M. Golding, Steven Kniep,

Volume 13: Alcohol and Violence

I. Epidemiology Richard K. Fuller, Section Editor Overview Richard K. Fuller Epidemiological Issues in Alcohol-Related Violence The Relationship of Alcohol to Injury in Assault Cases

Alcohol and Spouse Abuse: Ethnic Differences Longitudinal Perspectives on Alcohol Use and Aggression during

Alcohol and Violence-Related Injuries in the Emergency Room

Judith Roizen Susan Ehrlich Martin and

Ronet Bachman Glenda Kaufman Kantor

Adolescence Helene Raskin White Cheryl J. Cherpitel

II. Neurobiology Overview Richard A. Deitrich Emerging Themes in Preclinical Research on Alcohol and Aggression

D. Caroline Blanchard, J. Andy Henrie, and Robert J. Blanchard Alcohol, GABAA–Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex, and Aggression

Miczek, Joseph F.DeBold, Annemoon M.M. van Erp, and Walter Tornatzky Serotonin in Early-Onset Alcoholism A Nonhuman Primate Model of Excessive Alcohol Intake: Personality and


Errol Yudko,

Klaus A.

Matti Virkkunen and Markku Linnoila

Neurobiological Parallels of Type I- and Type II-Like Alcoholism and Markku Linnoila

J. Dee Higley

III. Psychology Overview Alfonso Paredes Effects of Alcohol on Human Aggression: Validity of Proposed Explanations

Is There a Causal Relationship between Alcohol and Violence? A Synthesis of

Alcohol and Cocaine Interactions and Aggressive Behaviors


BradJ. Bushman

Evidence

Alfonso Paredes, and Jenia Bober Booth

Mark W. Lipsey, David B. Wilson, Mark A. Cohen, and James H. Derzon M.Elena Denison,

IV. Family Issues Overview

Edward Gottheil and Ellen F. Gottheil, Section Editors Edward Gottheil and Ellen E Gottheil


When Women Are under the Influence: Does Drinking or Drug Use by Women Glenda Kaufman Kantor and Nancy Asdigian

How Far Have We Come? A Critical Review of the Research on Men Who

Alcohol, Drugs, and Violence in Children’s Lives

Issues in the Linkage of Alcohol and Domestic Violence Services

Provoke Beatings by Men?

Batter

and William R. Downs

Larry A. Kroutil, E. Joyce Roland, and Marlee Moore-Gurrera

W. Vernon Lee and Stephen P. Weinstein Brenda A. Miller, Eugene Maguin,

James J. Collins,

Volume 14: The Consequences of Alcoholism

I. Medical Consequences of AlcoholismOverview Charles S. Lieber Metabolism of Ethanol and Some Associated Adverse Effects on the Liver and the

Alcohol and the Pancreas Alcohol and Cancer Alcohol and Lipids Cardiovascular Effects of Alcohol

Charles S. Lieber, Section Editor

Stomach Charles S. Lieber and Maria A. Leo Steven Schenker and Ruth Montalvo

Helmut K. Seitz, Gudrun Pöschl, and Ulrich A. SimanowskiEnrique Baraona and Charles S. Lieber

Howard S. Friedman

II. Neuropsychiatric Consequences of Alcoholism

OverviewMechanisms of Alcohol Craving and Their Clinical Consequences

A Review of the Effects of Moderate Alcohol Intake on Psychiatric and Sleep

Edward Gottheil and Ellen E Gottheil, Section Editors

Edward Gottheil and Ellen F. Gottheil Edward G.

Singleton and David A. Gorelick

DisordersLaurence Westreich

Howard B. Moss

System

Disorders

Ricardo Castaneda, Norman Sussman, Robert Levy, Mary O’Malley, and

Peter R. Giancola and Executive Cognitive Functioning in Alcohol Use Disorders

Brain Imaging: Functional Consequences of Ethanol in the Central Nervous

Complications of Severe Mental Illness Related to Alcohol and Drug Use David Lyons, Christopher T. Whitlow, Hilary R. Smith, and Linda J. Porrino

Robert E. Drake and May F. Brunette

III. Economic Consequences of AlcoholismOverview Richard K. Fuller Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Fountain, and Gina Livermore The Effects of Price on the Consequences of Alcohol Use and Abuse

Chaloupka, Michael Grossman, and Henry Saffer

Richard K. Fuller, Section Editor

Henrick J. Harwood, Douglas

Frank J.


Drinking, Problem Drinking, and Productivity The Cost Offsets of Alcoholism Treatment

John Mullahy and Jody Sindelar Harold D. Holder

IV. An International Perspective on the Biobehavioral Consequences of

Overview Alfonso Paredes Experience with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in

Elena Medina-Mora, Silvia Carreño, and Juan Roman De la Fuente Problems Associated with Hazardous and Harmful Alcohol Consumption in

Carlos Campillo, Martha Romero, Gabriela Saldivar, and Luciana Ramos Sanctification of “The Accursed”: Drinking Habits of the French Existentialists in the

Cocaine Metabolism in Humans after Use of Alcohol: Clinical and Research

Alcoholism Alfonso Paredes, Section Editor

Mexico

Mexico

1940s Tiina Arppe

Implicationsdel la Torre

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Kamada

Jordi Camí, Magi Farré, Maria Luisa González, Jordi Segura, and Rafael

Interrelationship between Alcohol Intake, Hepatitis C, Liver Cirrhosis, and Harumasa Yoshihara, Katsuhisa Noda, and Takenobu

Index

Abstainers, definition of, 397 Abstinence management, 367 Access to alcoholism treatment

Administrative agents (cont.)and treatment protocol, 38–39 types of, 27–28

and behavioral health managed care organiza-

and definitions of need, 108–111 and form of treatment, 111–113 and gatekeeping, 117–121 patient placement criteria, 157–171 political factors, 123–124 Affiliation level societal factors, 122–124

Administrative burden, meaning of, 59–60 Adolescent Diagnostic Interview (ADI), 310 Adolescents. See also Alcohol treatment for ado-

tion (BHMCO) definitions, 109–110

lescentspatient placement criteria, 168

Adverse selection, 239

and access to substance abuse treatment, 143,

of treatment facilities, 12 African Americans, barriers to treatment, 167–168 Aftercare. See Continuing care

and treatment–seekers, 114–117 151–152 Access to Community Care and Effective Services

and Supports (ACCESS) program, 79, 82 Access to substance abuse treatment

and affiliation level, 143, 151–152 Agein national substance abuse treatment system, and patient placement criteria, 166

and substance abuse treatment, 244

(AHRQ), research projects of, 203

144–146and ownership of facility, 142,150 relapse prevention, 147–148 in rural areas, 177–192 self–help, 147–148support services, 148 and treatment setting, 142, 148–150 and type of care, 141–142, 146–147

Agency for Health Care Research and Quality

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 401 Al-Anon, 333–334. See also Alcoholics AnonymousAl-Anon Facilitation Therapy (AFT), 334

group therapy based on, 334 referral, effects of, 333–334

definition of, 108 Access to treatment. See also Access to alcoholism

treatment; Access to substance abuse treatment lifetime prevalence, 157

for adolescents, 308–311

Alcohol abuse

definition of, 143–144 improving access with patient placement crite-

Alcohol abuse screening

ria, 168–171 AUDIT, 399–401and managed care, 119–121, 426–427 CAGE, 394, 397–399patient perception of, 183–185 and uninsured, 112

Accreditation, of treatment facilities, 12, 36–37 Administrative agents

laboratory tests, 401Alcohol behavioral marital therapy (ABMT), 344Alcohol dependence, definition of, 108Alcohol and Drug Services Study (ADSS)

control of treatment activities, 39–40 and network development, 38 relationship with payer, behavioral health man-

on access to services, 144–152 on information systems, 60–61

Phases I through III data, 10Alcohol-focused spouse involvement (AFSI), 344–

Alcohol treatment for adolescents

aged care organization (BHMCO), 35–37

managed care organization (BHMCO), 37–40relationship with provider, behavioral health 345

risk-sharing, 36, 42–43 behavioral therapy, 316

455

456 Index

Alcohol treatment for adolescents (cont.)brief interventions, 316 39, 100, 103 and co-occurring disorders, 319–320 developmental factors, 318 treatment, 419–433 diagnostic aspects, 308–311 environmental factors, 322 and ethnic minorities, 320 and family characteristics, 318 family therapy, 315–316 and gender, 320 health outcomes, 322–323 heterogeneity of youth population, 318–320 pharmacotherapy, 317 (AHRQ) initiatives, 100 posttreatment functioning, 321–322 prevalence of teen drinking, 307–308 relapse, 320–321 self-change efforts, 317self-help programs, 314–315, 321treatment outcome research, 311–314

American Society on Addiction Medicine (ASAM),

on impact of managed care on substance abuse

on levels of care, 159–160 Patient Placement Criteria (ASMA PPC-2), use

by substance abuse providers, 56, 58, 157–171 on transition to continuing care, 365–366

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 401 Assertive community treatment (ACT), 80

Association for Health Research and Quality

At-risk alcohol use, definition of, 397AUDIT, alcohol abuse screening, 399–401,408 Automobile accidents, rural areas, 188

Behavioral contract, in Behavioral Couples

Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT), 339–345

case management models, 82

Therapy (BCT), 339–340 Alcohol use, levels of, 397 Alcohol Use Disorder Inventory Test (AUDIT), alcohol behavioral marital therapy (ABMT), 344

399–401 alcohol-focused spouse involvement, 344–345with behavioral contract, 339–340 components of, 339 Counseling for Alcoholics’ Marriages (CALM)

with disulfiram contract, 340–341 effectiveness of, 349–350 minimal spouse involvement (MSI), 344 with relationship focus, 345

questions of, 400

and adolescents, 314–315 effectiveness of, 111 Project, 340–342 and rural residents, 179 scope of use, 111

prevalence of alcohol use disorders, 395–396 screening tests for, 286 time frame and abuse, 15–16

access to. See Access to alcoholism treatment adolescents. See Alcohol treatment for adoles-

and continuing care, 357–370 economic evaluation methods, 210–226 effectiveness of, 99–100 and family therapy, 329–353 and form of alcohol use, 108–109 forms of treatment, 100, 111–113 individual factors in help-seeking, 114–117 managed care treatment setting, 393–412 measures of need, 109 pathways to treatment, 107 problem drinking/health services utilization/

Alcoholism treatment carve-outs study, 271–283

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). See also Al-Anon

Alcoholism

Behavioral health, rationale for, 101 Behavioral health managed care organization

Alcoholism treatment (BHMCO), 28–46 administrative controls, 39–40 advantages of, 30

agent-provider relationship, 37–40 carve-outs, 32, 34, 42, 120, 238, 422–423 and conflicting treatment approaches, 28–29 cost control methods, 422 and definition of treatment need/access, 109–

development of, 30–31, 237–238 discretionary activities, 40 functional view of, 33 growth of, 422 largest organization, 109 network development, 37–38 organizational variations, 31–32 precertification/concurrent review, 38–39 quality aspects, 36–37

services provided by, 30 sources of patient coverage, 30–31

cents agent-payer relationship, 35–37

110

cost of medical care study, 285–295

analysis of findings, 280–283 methods of study, 273–274 results, 275–280 service delivery, 238

American Managed Behavioral Healthcare Asso- ciation (AMBHA), 121

Index 457

Behavioral health managed care organization Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Al-

Cocaine, time frame and abuse, 16 Cognitive deficits, and adolescent alcohol use, 314 Cognitive impairment, and patient placement, 162 Common provider network hypothesis, 89 Community-based programs

court referrals to, 14–15

(cont.) cohol, 168staff models, 422 transaction cost economics, 41–44 treatment protocols, 38–39 utilization management, 422

Behavioral marital therapy (BMT), 222–223Behavioral therapy, and adolescent alcohol use,

Benefit-cost analysis, elements of, 211 Benefit-cost studies, 212, 213, 216, 219, 220, 222–

Benefits value comparison (BVC) model, 424 Border-crossing, for access to treatment, 186 Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for Col-

Brief intervention, 402–410 and adolescents, 316 effectiveness of, 403–410 elements of, 402–403 goals of, 402

316 integrated models, 78–79, 82Community Mental Health Centers program, 78 Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA)

223 disulfiram contract in, 342 effectiveness of, 339

Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT), 336

lege Students (BASIC), 316 effectiveness of, 336, 338Community Support program, 78 Comorbid problem management, 367 Composite International Diagnostic Interview-

Comprehensive integrated service settings, 82 Conduct disorder, and alcohol use, 319 Confidentiality, financing of substance abuse treat-

Substance Abuse Module (CIDI-SAM), 311

Brokered model, services integration, 80, 81

CAGE, alcohol abuse screening, 394, 397–399 Capitation Consumers

ment, 243

soft capitation, 242 substance abuse treatment financing, 241–242

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), 401 Carve-in, health maintenance organizations

Carve-outs. See also Alcoholism treatment carve-

behavioral health managed care organization

employer-sponsored health plans, 62, 64–65,

state employee health plans, 65, 238 substance abuse treatment, 242–243

demand for treatment, 243–244 of substance abuse treatment, 243–248 types of, 232

Continuing care, 357–370 (HMOs), 32,120 abstinence management, 367

out comorbid problem management, 367

(BHMCO), 32, 34, 42, 120, 422–423

238 effectiveness of, 363–365

and causes of relapse, 366

controlled studies on, 359–363 correlational studies of, 359 criteria for transition to, 365–366

facilitation of alternative reinforcers, 367 and long-term recovery factors, 367–368 motivational enhancement therapy (MET), 367

research needs, 368–369

VA substance abuse treatment, 380–382,386–387 Contract method. See Behavioral Couples Therapy

Control mechanisms, types of, 40

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT),

treatment improvement protocols (TIPS), 189–

Centers for Disease Control (CDC), research

100,121 and performance indicators, 369

190 therapeutic goals for, 367–368

projects of, 203 Child and Adolescent Service System program, 79 (BCT)Chronic condition, substance abuse as, 247, 248,

Cigarette smoking, and alcohol use, 314, 316 Client DATCAP, 257 Clients

369, 380–381 Co-occurring disordersand alcohol use by adolescents, 319–320 and help seeking, 115 and integrated services. See Services integrationand patient placement, 162–163 prevalence rates, 75 PTSD/substance abuse and veterans, 374, 378,

categories of, 14–15 pathways to treatment, 14–15sources of payment, 19

Clinical criteria, standardization of, 56–58 380

458 Index

Co-occurring disorders (cont.) Disability, behavioral disorders in definition, 239 Disulfiram contract in Behavioral Couples

Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA),

components of contract, 340–341 effectiveness of, 341–343

at-risk groups, 75 and women, 114–115, 162–163 Therapy, 340–341

342Coping-skills therapy, for spouses of alcoholics, 333 Cost containment methods, managed care, 191 Cost-effectiveness analysis, elements of, 210–211 Cost-effectiveness studies, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217,

Cost-minimization analysis, elements of, 210Cost minimization studies, economic evaluation

Cost-offset analysis, elements of, 211 Cost sharing, and probability of behavioral health

Cost studies, economic evaluation studies, 212,

Cost–utilityanalysis, elements of, 211Council on Accreditation of Services for Families

Counseling for Alcoholics’ Marriages (CALM)

218, 219, 221–222 Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP), 313Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), 286 Drug Abuse Treatment Cost Analysis Program

studies, 217 (DATCAP), 216 amendments/updates, 265–266 applications of, 257–259

treatment, 191 191 background of, 254–255 Client DATCAP, 257

216, 217, 218, 219 conceptual aspects, 255–256opportunity cost approach, 255–256resource use/cost categories in, 256

and Children (COA), 121

Project, 340–342 background of, 260

Drug Abuse Treatment Financing Analysis Pro-gram (DATFin), 260–264

conceptual aspects, 260–263parts of, 261–262 revisions to, 265 use for case studies, 263–264

disulfiram contracts, 340–342 Counselors in recovery, in addiction treatment, 59 Couples therapy. See also Family therapy

Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT), 339–345residential couples group workshop, 348 Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS),

Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey (DATSS),

Drug and Alcohol Program Treatment Inventory

Drug courts, increase in, 22–23 Drug Free Workplace Act, 30 Drug treatment, and service delivery, 23 Dual diagnosis. See Co-occurring disorders

Economic cost analysis, elements of, 210 Economic evaluation instruments, 253–266

Credentialing, definition of, 59 54,139 Criminal justice system

drug courts, 22–23 139–140as gateway to treatment, 14–15, 22–23, 188

Customary Drinking and Drug Use Record, 310

DATCAP. See Drug Abuse Treatment Cost Analy-

DATFin. See Drug Abuse Treatment Financing

Demand for treatment, from consumers, 243–244Department of Veteran Affairs (VA). See VA sub-

(DAPTI), 378

sis Program

Analysis Program

stance abuse treatment evaluation Drug Abuse Treatment Cost Analysis Program

Drug Abuse Treatment Financing Analysis Pro-Dependency theory (DATCAP), 254–259

elements of, 45 and managed care, 45–46 gram (DATFin), 260–264

Dependent alcohol use, definition of, 397 Diagnosis benefit–cost analysis, 211

Economic evaluation methods, 210–226

cost-effectiveness analysis, 210–211cost-minimization analysis, 210 cost-offset analysis, 211

(DICA), 310 cost-utility analysis, 211 economic cost analysis, 210

(DISC),310 findings/evidence in study of, 223–224full dollar value of health-related outcomes

ders (DSM-IV) method, 216future study recommendations, 224–226historical view, 211, 215

adolescent alcohol abuse, 308–311alcohol abuse screening, 286, 397–402

Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents

Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disor-

alcohol abuse in adolescent population, 308–309substance abuse criteria, 39

Index 459

Economic evaluation studies Family therapy (cont.)benefit-cost studies, 212, 213, 216, 219, 220,

cost-effectiveness studies, 212, 213, 214, 215,

cost minimization studies, 217 cost studies, 212, 216, 217, 218, 219literature review, 212, 213 methodological studies, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217,

studies since 1995, 216–223 studies through 1994, 212–214 themes of older studies, 215

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 111 alcoholism treatment, 99–100patient perceptions of, 183 and services integration, 81–82

Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT), 339–345Community Reinforcement and Family Train-

coping-skills therapy, 333effectiveness of, 337–338, 348–352Family Systems Therapy (FST), 346–347future view of, 352–353Johnson Institute Intervention, 336–337 Multisystemic Therapy (MST), 315–316Pressure to Change (PTC), 335–336 residential couples group workshop, 348 Unilateral Family Therapy (UFT), 334–335

222–223

217, 218, 219, 221–222 ing (CRAFT), 336

218, 220

Effectiveness of treatment Federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act, 247

Federal Employees Health Benefit Program (FEHBP), 23, 124

Federal regulation, treatment facilities, 12 Fee-for-service basis, 241Emergency room, as gateway to substance abuse

Employee assistance programs (EAPs) treatment, 187 Financial factors

client as source of payment, 19 private for-profit facilities, 13, 14 private nonprofit facilities, 13, 14 private sources, 14, 16–18 public funding, 14, 16–18 relationship to organizational factors, 16–23

Fixed budgets, payment system, 241 Full dollar value of health-related outcomes

Funding

development of, 30 and rural residents, 188

Employer-sponsored health plans, 62, 64–65behavioral health carve–out, 63–65, 238 participation rates, 64–65

Environmental factors, alcohol treatment outcome

Epidemiology, changes over time, 15–16 Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental

Equity of access, and patient placement criteria,

Ethical issues, financing of substance abuse treat-

Ethnic minorities

for adolescents, 322 method, 216

public funding, 14 public funding of treatment programs, 234–236

Disorders Study (MECA), 308, 310

170–171Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), 401

ment, 243 Gatekeepingand access to alcoholism treatment, 117–121,

influences on, 117, 118, 121 research studies on, 117–118

criminal justice system, 14–15, 22–23,188 in rural areas, 186–188

and alcohol treatment outcome for adolescents,

and ethnic minorities, 115 and help-seeking, 114–115and patient placement criteria, 244 and substance abuse problems, 244

and alcohol treatment outcome for adolescents,

and equity to access, 170–171and help-seeking, 115

191320

Gateways to treatment

Family-involved treatment study. See also Familytherapy Gender differences

and alcoholic in treatment, 339–351 and alcoholic unwilling to seek help, 333–338 effect size calculation results, 331–332effect size measurement, 331 meta-analysis of studies, 330–332

Family pressure, and help-seeking, 115–116Family Systems Therapy (FST), 346–347

Family therapy, 329–353

320

Geographic information system (GIS), measure of

Geographical access measures, types of, 185–186 Government grants, for substance abuse research,

effectiveness of, 346–347, 350

and adolescent alcohol use, 315–316 Al-Anon, 333–334 203

geographic access, 186, 189

460 Index

Health belief model Integrated agency, services integration, 80, 81 Integrated services. See Services integrationIntegrated team, services integration, 80Intermediaries, meaning of, 232–233 Intermediate outcomes, meaning of, 379International Classification of Diseases, 376International Health Economics Association

Interorganizational relationships (IORs), 83–89

evaluation of treatment models, 181 and help-seeking, 114

consumers, 232, 243–248payer–provider–consumer relationship, 232–233payers in, 232, 233–239 providers in, 232, 239–243

Health care services

(IHEA), 204Health Economics, 203 Health economics bases of contact, 85

compatibility of goals, 85complementary treatment approaches, 85–86domain consensus, 87exchange of resources, 86interorganizational support, 87managed care arrangements, 88–89 organizational structure, 87–88similarity of organizational members, 86–87

alcoholism treatment carve-outs study, 271–283 current research areas, 204economic evaluation instruments, 253–266economic evaluation methods, 210–226elements of, 201–202future view of, 205–206journals of, 203problem drinking/health services utilization/

cost of medica1 care study, 285–295professional associations, 204and substance abuse research, 202–204substance abuse treatment financing, 229–248

Johnson Institute Intervention, 336–337

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), accreditation of treatment facilities, 12–13, 36, 100, 121

effectiveness of, 337

Health Insurance Experiment (HIE), 288Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)

carve in, 32, 34, 120elements of, 29, 237

Journal of Health Economics, 203 Journals, in health economics, 203

Health plan coverage, treatment in rural areas,

Health plan purchasers 190–192 Kiddie SADS (K–SADS),310

and intermediaries, 232–233 meaning of, 232

Laboratory tests, alcohol abuse screening, 401Legal factors, financing of substance abuse treat-

Health status, alcohol use and adolescents, 322–

Help-seeking and outcome, 3

ment, 243323 Length of treatment

individual factors in, 114–117 and perceptions of patient, 182–185

Heroin, time frame and abuse, 16 HIV/AIDS, treatment services, 140,141,148HMO Act, 29Homophily perspective, elements of, 86 Hughes Act, 30

Information systems, of treatment programs, 60–

Inpatient treatment programs decrease in use of, 51–52and managed care, 52, 54–55, 118 VA substance abuse treatment evaluation, 373–

Institutional factors, patient placement criteria,

Institutional theory

and patient placement, 168Levels of care, scope of, 159–160Licensure, of treatment facilities, 12Low risk alcohol use, definition of, 397

Magellan Health Services, 109Managed care. See also Behavioral health managed

care organization (BHMCO)administrative agents, 27–28appropriateness of care hypothesis, 88 ASAM/Hay Benefits Report, 424–425common provider network hypothesis, 89 cost contaiment methods, 191definition of, 236development of system, 29–31, 423–424effects on treatment programs. See Managed

financial benefits of, 53institutional and dependency issues, 45–46and interorganizational linkages, 88–89

61

389

166–167 care and treatment programs

elements of, 44–45and managed care, 45–46

Index 461

Managed care (cont.) Medicaid (cont.)levels of participation, 21–22 Medicaid, 429–430 Medicare HMOs, 429 67 and ownership, 22 provider payment, 236–237 provider selection, 54 selective contracting, 54 derssuppression of services hypothesis, 88 and type of facility, 21 types of providers, 21, 29–30, 53, 237utilization management, 53–54, 236

Managed care and treatment programs access to services, 119–121, 426–427administrative burden, 59–60 behavioral health managed care organization

clinical criteria, standardization of, 56–58clinical recommendations, 432–433and credentialing of programs, 59 decreased utilization, 60–61, 118 economic recommendations, 432 employer-sponsored health plans, 62, 64–65financing factors, 236–237 Naltrexone, 369health care provider concerns, 430–431information systems, 60–61 and inpatient treatment programs, 54–55 managed care network participation, 57 Medicaid, 66–67participation rates, 54–55potential managed care revenue, 57 practice guidelines, 58 and private for–profit facilities, 22, 52problems of, 427–428 program consolidation, 61–62 program operations and staffing, 56 responsibility of managed care, 433 state employee health plans, 65–66substance abuse treatment, 420–433 utilization rates, 427 workforce characteristics, 59

alcohol abuse screening, 397–402alcohol use definitions, 397brief intervention, 402–410 policy/system issues, 410–412

managed care programs, 429–430 mental health and substance abuse benefits, 66–

substance abuse treatment financing, 246 Medicare HMOs, 429 Mental health disorders. See Co-occurring disor-

Mental Health Parity Act, 124, 247 Mental Health Program for Youth, 79 Methadone clinics

minimal services of, 140 types of services of, 141

Methodological studies, economic evaluation stud-

Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST-l0),

Minimal spouse involvement (MSI), 344 Minnesota Model, 394 Modified Therapeutic Community, 82 Motivational enhancement therapy (MET), 367 Multisystemic Therapy (MST), 315–316

ies, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220

(BHMCO), 422–423 286, 399

National Alcohol Survey, 101 National Committee for Quality Assurance

(NCQA), activities of, 36–37, 45, 100, 121, 273 National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), 421 National Drug and Alcohol Treatment Utilization

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS83), 288 National Household Drug Survey, 101 National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol-

Survey (NDATUS), 51, 59

ism (NIAAA), 30 research projects of, 203

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), research

National Institute of Health (NIH), 100 National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), re-

search projects of, 203 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiology Sur-

vey, 101 Need for services

projects of, 203

Managed care treatment setting, 393–412

behavioral health managed care organization (BHMCO) definition, 109–110

patients’ perceived need, 182–183

and administrative agents, 38 behavioral health managed care organization

Managed indemnity, meaning of, 237 Marijuana, time frame and abuse, 16 Marital therapy. See Family therapy

behavioral health expenses, 119 behavioral health managed care organization

and DATFin, 263

Network development

Medicaid, 19 (BHMCO), 37–38Nurse visits, 363

Older adults, brief intervention for, 409–410Opportunity cost approach, DATCAP, 255–256

(BHMCO), 31, 237–238

462 Index

Organizational factors, 11–13 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), veteran sub-

Practice guidelines, and managed care, 58 Preferred provider organization (PPO), elements

Pregnant women, substance abuse in rural areas,

Prenatal treatment, as gateway to substance abuse

Pressure to Change (PTC), 335–336effectiveness of, 335–336, 338

federal/state regulation, 12–13 level of affiliation, 12 licensing, 12 relationship to financial factors, 16–20 setting, 12 type of care, 11 187

stance abuse, 374, 378, 380

of, 29, 237

Outcome. See Treatment outcome Outpatient programs, continuing care, 357–370 Ownership of facility

treatment, 187

and access to substance abuse treatment, 142,

and financing patterns, 18 and managed care, 22 231and organizational objectives, 13 of treatment facility, 13, 16, 17

150 Prevailing charges, 240Primary care setting, substance abuse treatment,

Private facilities, financing of, 14, 16–18 Private for-profit facilities. See also Inpatient treat-

ment programs client payments, 19 financial factors, 13, 14, 18 inpatient, decrease in use over time, 51–52 and managed care, 22, 52

Private insurance, substance abuse treatment fi-

Private nonprofit facilities financial factors, 13, 14, 18–19and managed care, 22

Parity coverage, mandates for, 101–102 Patient placement criteria, 157–171

and access to higher level of care, 166–168 adolescents, 168 and age, 166 cognitive impairment, 162 nancing, 245–246 dimensions of symptom severity, 159,161 dual diagnosis, 162–163and equity of access, 170–171to improve access to treatment, 168–171institutional factors, 166–167 length of stay, 168 and levels of care, 159–160and patient knowledge about treatment, 163–

and patient preferences, 163 and practice guidelines, 158–160and social network, 164–166

of substance abuse treatment, 232 types of, 232

Payment system sample statistics, 291–292 capitation, 241–242 survey instruments, 286 fixed budgets, 241 survey response rates, 291 payment to providers, 240–241per case, 241 traditional system, 241 and two- or three-tiered system, 240

Problem drinking, definition of, 108,397 Problem drinking/health services utilization/cost

of medical care study, 285–295analysis of findings, 295–296conceptual framework, 287–288

estimation approach, 288–290 estimation challenges, 288–289 estimation results, 292–295

recruited subjects, 290 sample design, 290

164 data collection, 290

Payers instrumentation, 291

Professional associations, health economics, 204 Program on Chronic Mental Illness, 79 Project COMBINE, 405 Project GOAL, 409–410Project MATCH, 364, 382, 385–386, 387, 404, 405 Project TrEAT, 404, 406, 409 Provider selection, managed care, 54 Provider-to-population ratios, measure of geo-

Providers

Perception of treatment, aspects of, 181–185 Performance indicators, substance abuse treat-

Pharmacotherapy, and adolescent alcohol use, 317 Physicians, training in alcohol treatment, 411–412 graphic access, 185–186Point of service (POS), elements of, 237 Political factors payment system, 240–241

ment, 369

access to alcoholism treatment, 123–124 related to managed care, 120–121

of substance abuse treatment, 239–243 types of, 232

Index 463

Proximal outcomes, meaning of, 379 Public facilities access to, 147–148

Self-help programs

demand for addiction services, 122–123 financing of, 14, 16–18 no-pay clients, 19 substance abuse treatment, 247–248

and adolescents, 314–315, 321 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 111

uses of, 231 and VA substance abuse treatment outcome,

Service systems, and rural areas and access to

Services integration

types of clients of, 142 381–382, 384, 386, 387

Quality of care treatment, 190–191 behavioral health managed care organization

rural areas, 189 (BHMCO), 36–37 brokered model, 80, 81

coordination and integration difficulties, 79 effectiveness of, 81–82 integrated agency, 80, 81 integrated team, 80 interorganizational relationships (IORs), 83–89

and size of organization, 89 types of programs, 78–79

Recovery, long-term, factors related to, 367–368 Regulation, of treatment facilities, 12 Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission (CARF),

Relapse100,121 service linkages, 82–83

adolescent treatment outcome, 320–321 continuing care as prevention, 357–370 factors related to, 366 150

Setting of services, and access to care, 142, 148–

Sobriety contract, 350, 352 Relapse prevention, access to, 147–148 Risk-sharing Social support

and behavioral health care, 53,191 elements of, 36, 42–43substance abuse treatment financing, 239

and patient placement criteria, 164–166 pressure to seek help, 115–116 social support and women, 165

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Substance

Rural Alcohol Study, 179,181–182, 184, 188 Rural areas and access to treatment, 177–192

Societal factors, access to alcoholism treatment,

Socioeconomic status, and help-seeking, 116–117 Specialty substance abuse treatment system, 11–

Abuse Policy Research Program (SAPRP), 203 122–124

and border crossing, 186 22 conceptual model of access/process/outcomes,

gateways to treatment, 186–188 geographical access measures, problems of,

client characteristics, 14–16

managed care, role of, 21–22 organizational characteristics of, 11–13

179–181 financial characteristics of, 13–14

185–186 organizational-financial interrelationships, 16– 20

Staff models, behavioral health managed care or-ganization (BHMCO), 422

Standardization, clinical criteria, 56–58State employee health plans, 65–66

behavioral health carve-out, 65–66, 238community service models, 82

and health plan coverage, 190–192 and patient perception of need, 182–183and perceived access, 183–185and perceived treatment effectiveness, 183 quality of care, 189 rurality, dimensions of, 178–179and service systems, 190–191and sustained involvement in treatment, 188– State regulation, treatment facilities, 12

Stress, and adolescent alcohol use, 322 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, 310 Substance abuse

189

Satisfaction surveys, NCQA requirements, 37 Selective contracting

elements of, 236 and managed care, 54 and rural residents, 191

as chronic condition, 247, 248, 369, 380–381demographic factors, 244 medicalization of, 430 predominant drugs used (1970s–1990s), 15–16 societal cost of, 419, 421

Substance Abuse Policy Research Program Selectivity bias, in program evaluation, 215 Self-change efforts, and adolescent alcohol use,

317 (SAPRP), 203

464 Index

Substance abuse research, and health economics,

Substance abuse treatment

VA substance abuse treatment evaluation, 373–

Treatment Outcome Prospective Study (TOPS),

Treatment programs, deficiencies of, 76 Treatment services. See also specific types of pro-

access to. See Access to alcoholism treatment cyclical trends, 22 decline in use, 60–61, 118, 138–140 and managed care. See Managed care and treat-

nonspecialty services, 10 private for-profit facilities, 13, 14, 18 private nonprofit facilities, 13, 14, 18–19 public facilities, 14, 16–18

202–204 389

access to. See Access to substance abuse treat-

performance indicators, 369 in primary care setting, 231 public facilities, 247–248 self-help groups, 231 types of services, 140, 142–143 VA substance abuse treatment evaluation, 373–

139, 313 ment

grams

389 ment programsSubstance abuse treatment financing, 229–248

adequacy of benefits, 247 adverse selection issue, 239 behavioral health managed care organization

capitation, 241–242 specialty services, 9–10, 11–22 carve-outs, 242–243and chronic client, 248 and consumers, 243–248 decision-making of payers, 238–239and demand for treatment, 243–244 ethical and legal issues, 243 and expansion of insurance coverage, 247 historical view, 233–234 managed care, 236–237, 420–433 Medicaid, 246 and multiple needs of clients, 246–248 ongoing funding changes, 239 and payers, 232 payments to providers, 240–241 per case payment systems, 241 private insurance, 245–246 and providers, 239–243 public sector funding, 234–236 risk-sharing, 239 methods of, 236

(BHMCO), 237–238 settings for, 9–10

use of term, 3 variation in treatment practices, 4, 28

Treatment success, definition of, 221 Tuberculosis screening, treatment service, 140,

Twelve step programs, basic model, 85–86

Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS), 51, 140 Unilateral Family Therapy (UFT), 334–335

Uninsured Americans

141, 148

effectiveness of, 334–335, 338

and access to services, 121 and substance abusers, 244

United Behavioral Health, 56 alcoholism treatment carve–outs study, 273–283

Utilization management, 53–54 behavioral health managed care organization

(BHMCO), 422

traditional payment systems, 241 tools of, 53 Support services, access to, 148

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF),

TennCare Partners, 67, 430 389Traditional payment systems, substance abuse

treatment financing, 241 Transaction cost economics, behavioral health

managed care organization (BHMCO), 41–44 Treatment engagement, meaning of, 158 Treatment improvement protocols (TIPS), 189–190 Treatment outcome

alcohol treatment for adolescents, 307–323 continuing care, 357–370 family therapy, 329–353 managed care setting, treatment in, 393–412

Utilization review, and behavioral health managed care organization (BHMCO), 30

123 VA substance abuse treatment evaluation, 373–

conceptual framework of study, 374–375 continuing care, 380–382, 386–387 discharge information, 375 follow-up assessments, 376 inpatient phase, 377–380 length of inpatient stay, 377 participants in study, 375 patient characteristics, 376 patient improvement, 376–377, 385 patient-treatment matching, 382–384, 387 process analysis, 379–380

Index 465

VA substance abuse treatment evaluation (cont .) and PTSD patients, 374, 378, 380 and self-help groups, 381–382, 384, 386, 387 treatment environment, 378 treatment orientation and outcome, 378–380,

Veterans, treatment of. See VA substance abuse

Washington Circle, 100 Women

and co-occurring disorders, 114–115, 162–163 engagement rates, 165 and help-seeking, 116

385–386 and social support, 165

treatment evaluation ment, 187–188 Worksite, as gateway to substance abuse treat-

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