Contents of HGM Maps

(Sponsored by MoDWS, Govt. of India)

Training on use of HGM Maps

for developing Drinking Water Security Plan

National Remote Sensing Centre ISRO / Dept. of Space, Hyderabad

G. S. ReddyScientist, Hydrogeology Group

21st – 23rd August, 2013, Hyderabad

Ro

ck

typ

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eo

log

ica

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Str

uc

ture

Ge

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orp

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log

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dfo

rm

Bedding, Schistocity / Foliation, Folds

Fractures, Faults, Shear Zones

Dykes, Quart Reef, Pegmatite

Discharge zones

Recharge zones

Run-off zones

Weathered zones

Crystalline Rocks

Layered Rocks

Permeable Rocks Loose Sediments

Carbonate Rocks

Lava Flows

Ground water Occurrence – The Concept

Porous &

Permeable

geological

material

Recharge

Indicators

IRS P6 Image covering Hard rock terrain

IRS P6 Image covering Alluvial Terrain

Alluvium

Transported overburden

Basement gneissic complex

Hilly Terrain

Satellite data covering layered rocksPart of Vindhyan basin, M.P.

Gentle Dips

Steep Dips

Basement rock

Satellite data covering hilly terrainPart of Aravali Hill range, Rajasthan.

Dome

Dome

Dome

Group of Linear Ridges

Pediplain

Pediplain

Pediplain

of Granite Gneisses

Water body

Fracture zone

Dyke

Denudation Hill of

Granite Gneisses Habitation

Narayanpur area,

part of RR District, AP

Buried Pediplain

of Granite Gneisses

Water body

Dyke

IRS P6 Image of Jhansi area (eastern part)

Jhansi

Migrated River courses

Basement gneissic complex

IRS P6 Image covering part of Jhansi Dist.

Transported Clayey overburden

Stripped plain(soil erosion)

IRS P6 Image covering part of Jhansi Dist.

Meander Scar

Village-1

Village-3

Village-2

G.W.over exploitation

(Ground water irrigated area)

Satellite data showing Hydro geological Features

Surface water bodies

Conduits for GW.movement

(Fracture / Lineament)

Barriers for G. W. movement

(Dolerite dyke)

Satellite data showing structural featuresPart of Cuddapah basin, A.P.

Folded beds

IRS P6 LISS III Image of Siripur village

Fracture

Alluvium

Limestone beds

Granite gneisses

Methodology followed for preparing maps

Ground water prospects zonesSatellite Data

Hydro geomorphic units

/ Aquifers

Estimation of

recharge conditions Well data

Map

Composition

Parameters

1. Administrative units

2. Road network

3. Rail network

4. Settlements

5. Drainage network

6. Water bodies

7. Canal system

8. Rain fall data

9. Springs

10. Irrigated area

11. Lithology

12. Geomorphology

13. Structure-1

14. Structure-2

Integration

under

GIS

environment

Based on interpretation /

limited ground truth

Site-specific

recharge structures

Artificial recharge requirement

Estimation & Criteria analysis

Map Outputs

- Formats

1. Administrative (polygon) layer

2. Settlement (point) layer

3. Road network (line) layer

4. Rail network (line) layer

5. Drainage (line) layer

6. Water body (polygon) layer

7. Canal (line) layer

8. Spring (point) layer

9. Rain fall data (point) layer

10. Irrigated area (polygon) layer

11. Wells (point) layer

12. Lithology (polygon) layer

13. Geomorphology (polygon) layer

14. Structure-1 (line) layer

15. Structure-2 (line) layer

Primary layers

(shape file format)

1. Hydrogeology (polygon) layer

2. Hydrogeology (line) layer

3. Recharge structures (line) layer

4. Recharge structures (point) layer

Derivative layers

(shape file format)

Ground water prospects map (mxd format)

Dig

ita

l D

ata

Ground water prospects map

(Hard copy

on 1:50, 000 scale)

Ground water prospects map

(pdf & geo pdfformats)

Ground water prospects map of part of Mothey Mandal, Nalgonda Dist., AP

corresponding to SOI toposheet No. 56 O/16 on 1:50,000 scale

Hard copy data product - HGM Map

Description of the map (General description, Ground water prospects, Hydrological, Structural, Base map Information)

12 63 54

197 8 9

20

10

15

16

17

18

21

11 12 1413

Scientific & Remote Sensing

based Geospatial database

on ground water

Ground water prospects / Potential zones

in terms of yield and depth

Contents of the map

Ground water sustainability / Potential locations

in terms of different types of recharge structures

Hydrological features & Base map details

including Habitations in terms of NC/PC/FC

1

2

3

Body of the map

Alpha-Numeric Code

Unit boundary

Recharge Structure

Depth & Yield

Lithology-Landform

controlled Aquifer

Recharge Structure

Body of the map

Fault - Fracture

controlled Aquifer

Fault – fracture

controlled aquifer

Inferred major

Fault – fracture

controlled aquifer

conformed major

200 – 400 LPM

DEEP

> 80 M

MODERATE

30 – 80 M

SHALLOW

< 30 M

Prospects limited

to valley portions

only

10 – 20 LPM

20 – 30 LPM

30 – 50 LPM

50 – 100 LPM

100 – 200 LPM

400 – 800 LPM

> 800 LPM

DEPTH RANGE OF WELLSYIELD

RANGE OF

WELLSCOLOUR

Run off zones / high relief

inaccessible areas

Barriers for ground water movement ;

Upstream side feasible

(Inferred from satellite data)

Barriers for ground water movement ;

Upstream side feasible

(Conformed from field data)

Minor

Zone

Potential zone ; Better yield

(50 lpm ) than surrounding aquifer

(Inferred from satellite data)

Potential zone ; Better yield

(50 lpm ) than surrounding aquifer

(Conformed from field data)

Major

zone

Potential zone ; Better yield

(100 lpm ) than surrounding aquifer

(Inferred from satellite data)

Potential zone ; Better yield (

100 lpm ) than surrounding aquifer

(Conformed from field data)

Lithology – Landform controlled aquifers Fault – Fracture controlled aquifers

Ground water Sustainability

Recharge Structure Symbol Recharge Structure Symbol

Check Dam Invert Well

Percolation Tank Desilting of Tank

Nala Bund Subsurface Dyke

Recharge Pit

Description Symbol Description Symbol

Surface features

River / Stream Canal

Water body Spring

Rain gauge station (with average annual rain fall in m m)

Canal / Tank irrig area Ground water irrig area

Wells Observed

Yield range in LPM Bore Well Well Yield range in m3 / day Dug Well Well

> 800 LPM 15/70 > 400 cu. m / day 8/15

400-800 LPM 15/70 200-400 cu. M / day 8/15

200-400 LPM 15/70 100-200 cu. M / day 8/15

100-200 LPM 15/70 50-100 cu. M / day 8/15

50-100 LPM 15/70 25-50 cu. M / day 8/15

30-50 LPM 15/70 15-25 cu. M / day 8/15

20-30 LPM 15/70 10-15 cu. M / day 8/15

10-20 LPM 15/70 5-10 cu. M / day 8/15

< 10 LPM 15/70 < 5 cu. M / day 8/15

Depth to water table and total depth of well are indicated in meters above the symbol

Dug-cum-Bore Well Hand Pump Well

Hydrological features

Base map Details

Description Map Symbol

Habitations Non Covered (NC) habitation

Partially Covered (PC) habitation

Normal habitation

City

Roads Other Road

Metalled Road

State Highway (SH)

National Highway (NH)

Railway Lines (Broad gauge / Meter gauge)

Admini-

strative

boundaries

Taluk / Tahasil / Block Boundary

District Boundary

State Boundary

International Boundary

SH-9

NH-7

Map Unit

Geological sequence / Rock typeColumn- 1

Geomorphic unit / LandformColumn- 2

Depth to WT / No. of wells observedColumn- 3

Recharge conditions (From all sources)Column- 4

Nature of aquifer materialColumn- 5

Type of wells suitable Column- 6

Depth range of wells (suggested)Column- 7

Yield range of wells (expected)Column- 8

Homogeneity & Success rate of wellsColumn- 9

Quality of water (potable/non-potable)Column- 10

Irrigated area (exploitation status)Column- 11

Recharge structures suitable & PriorityColumn- 12

Remarks ( problems / limitations)Column- 13

Self explanatory Legend

Rock types

Geomorphology

Geological structures

Recharge condition

Factors

Identification

of potential

zones for

ground water

occurrence

Identification

of locations/

Priority zones

for constructing

Recharge

structures

Identification of site-specific recharge structures

based on aquifer properties and recharge conditions

1. Very High Priority

2. High priority

3. Moderate Priority

4. Low Priority

5. No Priority

6. Not required

Priority categories

1. Presence of villages with drinkingwater scarcity (mainly due to the decline in water table)

2. Status of ground water development

3. Areas where ground water levels are declining fast

4. Areas where water quality problem exists

5. Where recharge is poor/limited due to unfavorable hydrogeological conditions.

Criteria for prioritization

Prioritization

1. Check Dam (CD)

2. Percolation Tank (PT)

Types of Recharge structures

3. Nala Bund (NB)

4. Invert Well (Recharge Wells) (IW)

5. Desilting of Tank (DT)

6. Recharge Pit (RP)

7. Subsurface Dyke (SD)

Overland flow

Stream flow

Terrain condition

Base flow

Criteria for suggesting - Check DamOn 1st & 2nd order streams, foot hill zones and areas with 0-5% slope

Criteria for suggesting- Percolation TankOn 1st to 3rd order streams located in plains & valleys

with sufficient weathered zone / loose material / fractures

Criteria for suggesting - Nala Bund

On 1st - 4th order streams in plains & valleys where land acquisition not possible

Limited water is stored in river bed for some time which increases recharge

Criteria for suggesting Invert Well / recharge WellIn areas where transmissivity of the upper strata is poor

(Shales underlain by sandstones / Buried pediplains with top soil

having low permeability / Deccan traps where vesicular basalt is

overlain by massive basalt-thick black cotton soil/impervious zone)

Criteria for suggesting - Recharge Pit

Around habitations where drainage does not exist

(Water divide areas, hill / plateau tops, etc. Preferred in the existing tanks also)

Criteria for suggesting - Desilting of Tanks

In small tanks which are partially silted up

(Siltation in the tanks is found by study of the image and ground truth)

Criteria for suggesting - Subsurface dykeA subsurface barrier (across stream) which retards the base flow

and stores water upstream below ground surface

SUBSURFACE DYKES

Recharge Structure at Mottakavu, Trivandrum

Criteria for suggesting - Subsurface dykeA subsurface barrier (across stream) which retards the base flow

and stores water upstream below ground surface

SUBSURFACE DYKES

Recharge Structure at Mottakavu, Trivandrum

Recharge structures layer

Point layer

Line layer

Integrated (lithgeom) layer

Polygon features

Integrated (line) layer

Line features

Settlements Coverage

Type of recharge structure suitable Map symbol Database Code

Check dam 01

Nullah bunds 02

Percolation tanks 03

Subsurface dykes 04

Invert well 05

Desilting of tank 06

Recharge pit 07

Map Unit

Priority for constructing recharge structures Map symbol Database Code

High / Medium / Low / Not required / Not suitable Text form 01/02/03/04/05

Methodology – Components considered for mapping

Lithology

Geomorphology

Structure

Hydrology Base detailsAquifer layer

Static Component Dynamic Component Dynamic Component