CONTENTS · 4.09.2015 · 2. Acute radiation syndrome. 10 3. Define filtration. Add a note on...

CONTENTS

Oral Medicine & Radiology

Orthodontics

Pedodontics

Community Dentistry

1

12

23

36

ORAL MEDICINE &

RADIOLOGY

1

2071/9

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as

far as practicable.

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Attempt all the questions.

1. WHO classification of salivary gland tumor. Write the clinical

features, investigation and management of sialolithiasis.

3+3+2+2=10

2. Acute radiation syndrome. 10

3. Define filtration. Add a note on types of filtration. Explain the

interaction of x-ray with matter. 2+2+6=10

4. List non-keratotic white lesions. Write classification, clinical feature,

investigation and treatment of candidiasis. 2+2+4+1+1=10

5. Enumerate the various oral diseases that require steroid therapy.

Explain the dental consideration in patients taking steroid. Add a

note on adrenal crisis. 3+5+2=10

6. Enumerate various image receptors in digital imaging. Explain in

detail about CCD. List 5 differences between analogs and digital

imaging. 3+4+3=10

7. Write short notes on: 5x4=20

a) Contrast radiography

b) Digital subtraction radiography

c) Differences vetween lichen planus and licheoid reaction

d) Radiographic features of fibrous dysplasia

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2071/1

1. Write the etiology, clinical feature and investigation of oral

cancer. 3+3+4=10

Bachelor Level/BDS (4th Year/1st Phase)/ IOM Time: 3 hours

Oral Medicine & Radiology XV Full Marks: 80

2

2. Classify salivary gland disorders. Explain the clinical features,

investigation and management of Sjogren’s syndrome.

3+2+2+3=10

3. Enumerate the various dental procedures that require antibiotic

prophylaxis. Write a detail antibiotic prophylactic regimen for

infective endocarditis. 5+5=10

4. Enumerate components of x-ray tube with well labeled diagram.

Briefly describe the production of x-rays. 5+5=10

5. List and explain various intraoral periapical techniques used in

dentistry. Enumerate 6 differences between them. 2+5+3=10

6. Define deterministic and stochastic effect. Write in detail about

effect of radiation in oral mucosa and salivary gland. 1+1+4+4=10


a) Plummer Vinson syndrome

b) Properties of x-ray

c) Normal radiopaque anatomic landmarks in maxilla

d) Management of MPDS

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2070/8

1. Define Oral medicine. Classify vesiculobullous disorders of the oral

cavity. Write in detail about clinical features, investigations and

treatment of pemphigus. 2+2+2+2+2=10

2. Define the premalignant conditions and premalignant lesions.

Enumerate potentially premalignant white lesions. Add a note on

types and management of leukoplakia. 2+2+2+4=10

3. Define radiation. Draw a well labeled diagram of xray tube. Add a

note on production of xray. 2+4+4=10

4. Enumerate the oral manifestations of renal diseases. Explain the

dental consideration in patient undergoing hemodylysis. 4+6=10

5. Explain the principle of OPG. List the advantages and disadvantages

of OPG. 5+3+2=10

3

6. Write short notes on:- 5x4=20

a) Management of Xerostomia

b) Oral manifestation of strongly associated lesions of AIDS

c) Management of trigeminal neuralgia

d) Indications of CBCT

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2069/8

1. Define vesicle. Write the etiology, clinical features,

investigations and treatment of Herpes simplex virus infection.

Add a note on recurrent herpes labialis. 2+2+3+1+2+2=12

2. Define pain. Enumerate different types of facial pain. Write in

brief the clinical features, differential diagnosis and

management of trigeminal neuralgia. 2+2+2+3+3=12

3. Define inflammation. Enumerate acute infection of gingiva.

Write in detail on acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis(ANUG)

2+2+8=12

4. Classify X-ray films. Write composition of X-ray films. Write a

note on intensifying screen. 3+3+6=12

5. Write in detail on patient and operator protection during

dental radiography. 12


a. Interactions of X-rays with matter

b. Atypical odontalgia

c. Hemangioma

d. Dental considerations for diabetic patients.

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2068/8

1. Enumerate and define precancerous lesions and conditions. Write in

detail on oral submucous fibrosis. 4+8=12

4

2. Classify vesicobullous lesions. Write in detail on the etiology, clinical

features and management of erythema multiforme. 4+8=12

3. Classify disorders of the TMJ. Mention the different imaging

modalities of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and discuss the

management of MPDS. 4+8=12

4. Classify odontogenic tumors of the jaw and write in detail in the

etiology, clinical features and management of adenomatoid

odontogenic tumor. 3+3+3+3=12

5. Enumerate acute gingival lesions. Write in detail on acute herpetic

gingiva-stomatitis. 4+8=12


a) Lichen Planus

b) Apthous ulcer

c) Drug induced Melanosis

d) Halitosis

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2068/3

1. Classify vesicobullous lesions. Describe the clinical features and

management of lichen planus. 4+4+4=12

2. Define cyst. Write in detail about the clinical features, radiological

features and management of odontogenic keratocyst. 2+3+3+4=12

3. Define ionization. Write in detail about developing solution and

intensifying screens. 2+5+5=12

4. Write in detail about construction and working of X-ray machine.

Enumerate the properties of X-ray. 8+4=12

5. Classify salivary gland diseases. Write in detail about the clinical

features and management of pleomorphic adenoma. 4+8=12


a) White keratotic lesions with malignant potential

b) Bechet’s syndrome

c) Cervical lymphadenopathy

d) Bacterial sialadenitis

e) Necrotizing sialometaplasia

5

2067/8

Section A

1. Define dental caries. Enumerate the periapical lesion. Write in

detail on acute periapical abscess. 10

2. Define pre-cancerous lesion and condition. Enumerate the causes

of trismus. Write in detail on oral submucous fibrosis. 10

3. Write short notes: 5x4=20

a) Apthous ulcers

b) Oral manifestation of Steven Johnson Syndrome

c) Causes and management of xerostomia

d) Management of Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome(MPDS)

Section B

4. Enumerate causes of gingival bleeding. Write in detail on

investigation and management of gingival bleeding. 10

5. Define ionization. Enumerate intra-oral radiograph. Write in detail

on factors required to obtain an ideal radiograph. 10


a) Exfoliative cytology

b) Osteomyelitis

c) Oral manifestations of HIV infection

d) Agranulocytosis

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2066/8

Section A

1. Define ulcer. Classify ulcer of oral cavity. Write in detail on apthous

ulcer. 10

2. Define premalignant lesion. Enumerate the premalignant lesions.

Write in detail on leukoplakia and its differential diagnosis. 10


a) Migratory glossitis

b) Properties of X-Ray

6

c) Radiation protection

d) IOPA exposure technique

Section B

4. Define and classify TMJ disorder. Describe in detail on myofacial

pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS). 10

5. Define inflammation. Enumerate pulpal and periapical lesions.

Write in detail on acute periapical abscess. 10


a) Trigeminal neuralgia

b) Radiologic features of ameloblastoma

c) Verrucous carcinoma

d) Osteoradionecrosis

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2066/1

Section A

1. Define halitosis. What are the causes of halitosis? How do you

going to treat cases of ANUG? 10

2. Define ulcer. Classify ulcer of oral cavity. Write in detail on apthous

ulcer. 10


a. Trigeminal neuralgia

b. Candidiasis

c. Causes of xerostomia

d. MPDS

e. Nikolsky’s sign

Section B

4. Define precancerous lesion and condition. Classify white and red

lesion of oral cavity. Write in detail on leukoplakia. 10

5. Discuss adverse effect of therapeutic radiation of oral tissue. 10


a. Faulty radiograph

7

b. Collimation

c. Ionization

d. Latent image

e. Film badge

**********************************************

2065/8

Section A

1. Define pain. Enumerate the facial pain. Write in briefly on clinical

features, differential diagnosis and management of Myofacial pain

dysfunction syndrome (MPDS). 10

2. Define inflammation. Enumerate acute infection of gingival. Write

in detail on acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) 10


a. Leukoplakia

b. Lichen planus

c. Primordial cyst

d. Trigeminal neuralgia

e. Dental management in pregnancy

Section B

4. Define dental caries. Write briefly on theories of caries formation

and periapical abscess. 10

5. Write in detail on patient and operator protection during dental

radiography. 10


a. Ionization

b. Production of X-ray

c. Formation of latent image

d. Error in dental radiography

e. Intra oral periapical radiograph (IOPA)

8

2065/7 (OLD COURSE)


far as practicable.



Use separate answer copies for each group.

Group “A” (Oral Medicine)

1. Define pain. Enumerate the causes of facial pain. Write in detail on

clinical features and management of trigeminal neuralgia. 10

2. Enumerate the effect of radiation on oral tissue. Discuss the

measures of radiation protection in dental radiography. 10


a) Dosimetry

b) Intensifying screen

c) Oral manifestation & dental consideration in diabetes mellitus

d) Leukemia

Group “B” (Oral Pathology)

4. Define ulcer. Classify ulcers of oral cavity. Write the clinical features

and management of erythema multiforme. 10

5. Define tumor. Classify odontogenic tumor of oral cavity. Write in

detail on Pindborg tumor. 10


a) Dilaceration

b) Apthous ulcer

c) Leukoplakia

d) Verrucous carcinoma

Bachelor Level/BDS (THIRD Year)/ IOM Time: 3 hours

Oral & Maxillo-facial Pathology + Oral Medicine

(Including Imaging) XI Full Marks: 80

9

2065/1(OLD COURSE)


1. Define pain. Enumerate the causes of facial pain. Write in detail on

clinical features, management and differential diagnosis of

trigeminal neuralgia. 10

2. Discuss in detail on composition of X-ray film. 10


a. Agranulocytosis

b. Bell’s palsy

c. Oral Candidiasis

d. Lichen Planus


4. Define tumor. Enumerate the histological type of Ameloblastoma.

Write in detail on clinical, radiographical, histological features,

treatment and complication of erythema ameloblastoma. 10

5. Define and enumerate pre-cancerous condition. Write in detail on

etiology, clinical, histological features and treatment of oral

submucous fibrosis. 10


a. Dens in dente

b. Adenoid cystic carcinoma

c. Periapical cyst

d. Leukoplakia

***************************************

2064/10(OLD COURSE)


1. Classify vesicobullous lesion. Write briefly on etiology, clinical,

histological features and treatment of pemphigus. 10

2. Classify white lesions of oral cavity. Discuss etiology, clinical,

histological features and treatment of leukoplakia. 10


a. Hairy tongue

b. Median rhomboid glossitis

c. Apthous ulcer

10

d. Pyogenic granuloma

e. Laboratory investigations of anemia


4. Define cyst. Classify cyst of odontogenic origin. Describe in detail

on odontogenic keratocyst. 10

5. Define tumor. Describe in detail on pleomorphic adenoma. 10


a. Herpetic gingivostomatitis

b. Peripheral ossifying fibroma

c. ANUG

d. Hemophilia

e. Trigeminal neuralgia

************************************************

2062/7(OLD COURSE)


1. Enumerate various skin diseases and explain on lichen planus. 10

2. Define X-ray. Write in detail on radiation protection for patients. 10


a) Occlusal radiograph

b) Intensifying screen

c) Periapical granuloma

d) Ameloblastoma

e) ANUG


4. Enumerate various bone diseases and write in detail on Paget’s

disease. 10

5. Define cyst. Write in detail on dentigerous cyst. 10


a) Oral submucous fibrosis

b) Leukoplakia

c) Hemophilia

d) Giant cell fibroma

e) Acute gingivostomatitis

11

ORTHODONTICS

12

2071/9


far as practicable.



1. Define orthodontics. What are the unfavourable sequelae of

malocclusion? Discuss in detail. 3+7=10

2. Differentiate between center of rotation and center of resistance.

Explain with neat illustrations, different types of tooth movement.

4+6=10

3. Write down the differences between rapid and slow maxillary

expansion. Discuss indications and contraindications of RME.

6+4=10

4. Classify deep overbite. What are the different factors to be

considered in the treatment of deep overbite? Discuss the

treatment aspect for the correction of deep overbite. 3+3+4=10


a) Cortical drift and displacement

b) Decompensation

c) Mouth breathing habit

d) Optimum orthodontic force

e) Secular trend

f) Types of anchorage demand for extraction case

g) Growth spurts

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2070/8

1. Discuss in brief the history of development of orthodontics since

Angle’s time. 12


Orthodontics XVI Full Marks: 80

13

2. How do you define growth and development? Discuss the growth

of maxilla in detail. 4+8 = 12

3. What are the six keys of normal occlusion? Classify malocclusion.

Discuss the role of habits in producing malocclusion in brief.

4+4+4=12

4. What is twin block appliance? Describe it in detail. How do you

register bite for twin block appliance while treating class II div 1

cases? 2+5+5=12

5. “A patient presents to you with the complain of crowding in both

the arches”. How do you proceed to diagnose the case and how do

you plan anchorage in different cases of crowding? 12

6. Write short notes on :- 5x4=20

a. Ten theorems of retention

b. Scammon’s growth curve

c. Orthodontic brackets

d. Alveolar bone grafting

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2069/9

1. Define orthodontics. Explain in detail about Angle’s contribution to

orthodontics. 2+10=12

2. Discuss various theories of growth in detail. 12

3. Define centre of resistance, couple & moment. Discuss various

types of orthodontic tooth movements. 2+2+2+6=12

4. What is crossbite? Describe different types of crossbite and their

causes. How do you manage posterior crossbite in growing child?

Explain with suitable illustration. 2+2+2+6=12

5. A 13 yrs old male patient complains of forwardly placed upper

front teeth. Case analysis revealed normal maxilla & retrognathic

mandible. Dental parameters shows proclined upper anteriors

with generalized spacing and normal lower anteriors, Class II

canine & molar relationships. 3+3+3+3=12

a) Discuss the records to be collected.

14

b) What is your diagnosis?

c) Discuss the treatment planning.

d) Mention the different appliances that could be

used in this case. What would be your choice


a) Twin block appliances

b) Different schools of retention

c) Dunlop’s beta hypothesis

d) The wit’s appraisal

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2068/8

1. Define characteristics of human dentition and explain prenatal

development of dentition. 4+8=12

2. Describe normal swallowing pattern. Discuss tongue thrusting habit

in detail giving note on etiology, classification and management.

4+8=12

3. A nine years old male patient comes to you with a complaint of

anterior and posterior cross bite. Cephalometric analysis revealed

SNA 79 and SNB 82 degrees (normal values SNA 82 and SNB 80

degrees). Diagnose the case and write complete treatment options.

3+9=12

4. Enumerate different methods of gaining space. Discuss in detail

about arch expansion. 3+9=12

5. Classify arch wire materials? Discuss stainless steel in detail. 4+8=12


a) Differential growth

b) Growth spurts

c) Retainers in orthodontics

d) Slenderization

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2068/3

15

1. Define orthodontics. Classify it. Discuss surgical orthodontics in

detail. 2+2+8=12

2. What is anchorage? Mention reinforced of multiple anchorage.

Discuss in detail about micro-implant. 2+5+5=12

3. A 16-year-old patient with ANB value of 4 degrees presents with

irregular teeth. How would you manage this case? 2+2+8=12

4. Define habit. Classify habit and discuss about the mouth breathing

habit in detail. 2+5+5=12

5. Define relapse in orthodontics. Discuss principles of retention.

Enumerate removable and permanent retainers. 2+5+5=12

6. Write short notes on:

a) Balancing extraction

b) Hyalinization

c) Scammon’s Growth curve

d) Bodily versus tipping movement

e) Centre of resistance

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2067/8

1. What is an optimum orthodontic force? Discuss various types of

tooth movement. Elaborate on biochemical reaction to orthodontic

tooth movement. 2+5+5=12

2. Differentiate between normal occlusion, ideal occlusion and

malocclusion. Discuss different classifications of malocclusion. Add

notes on Ackerman-Profitt’s classification of malocclusion 2+5+5=12

3. What are the various theories proposed for growth? Which is

widely accepted and why? Discuss in detail. 4+8=12

4. A patient complains of gap between her upper central incisors.

How would you proceed for diagnosis and management? 12

5. Discuss retention and relapse. 12


a) Sources of anchorage during orthodontic treatment

b) Decompensation

c) Adjunctive orthodontic treatment

16

d) Reverse pull head gear

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2066/8

1. Define orthodontics. Describe interceptive orthodontics in detail.12

2. Define growth and development. How does Moss explain the

phenomenon of growth? 12

3. Discuss principles of biomechanics in relation to orthodontics 12

4. A patient with Angle’s class I molar relationship and crowding has

ANB of 3 degrees. How would you proceed for his orthodontic

management? 12

5. Define habit. Write briefly on etiology, classification, clinical

features and management of tongue thrusting habit. 12


a) Phases of tooth movement

b) Alveolar bone grafting

c) Hawley’s retainer and their modifications

d) Reciprocal anchorage

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2066/1

1. Which theory of growth supports this statement “The growth of

the bone and cartilage is controlled epigenetically”. Discuss in

details. 10

2. A long and narrow faced patient comes to dental clinic with

anterior openbite and obstructive nasal passage. What could be

the diagnosis, clinical features and management of this case? 10

3. What are the features of class III malocclusion? Discuss in detail on

management aspect. 10

4. Differentiate between centre of resistance and centre of rotation.

Describe different types of tooth movement. 10


a. Use of radiographs in radiographs in orthodontics

b. Deep overbite

17

c. Dental solders

d. Space regaining

e. Classification of tongue thrusting habit

f. Interrupted force

g. Rapid maxillary expansion

h. Treatment of midline diastema.

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2066/1

‘A’ Long answer (4x10=40)

1. Define growth and development. “Human body does not grow at

the same rate”. Elaborate this statement giving most appropriate

two examples.

2. Examination of a female patient shows placement of her tongue on

anterior teeth during swallowing. What could be the diagnosis,

etiology, clinical features and management?

3. What are the features of class II malocclusion? Discuss the

management aspect of class II malocclusion.

4. What are the different branches of orthodontics? Discuss

interceptive orthodontics.

‘B’ Short answer (8x5=40)


a) Andrew’s six keys of occlusion

b) Hyalinization

c) Distalization

d) Head gear

e) Bolton’s model analysis

f) Slow maxillary expansion

g) Evaluation of facial profile

h) Incisal liability

*********************************************

18

2065/9


1. Write the classification of tongue thrusting habit. Write briefly on

etiology and treatment of tongue thrusting habit.

2. Classify deep overbite. What are the different treatment modalities

available to treat deep overbite?

3. An 8 years old female patient comes to dental clinic, whose

cephalometric analysis shows SNA 77°, SNB 82°. Diagnose the case

and discuss different treatment possibilities for her.

4. What are the different local factors responsible for malocclusion?

Describe on it.



a. Proximal stripping

b. Reinforced anchorage

c. Retention

d. Twin block

e. Growth spurt

f. Methods of gaining space

g. Moss Functional Matrix theory

h. Adult vs. Young patient in orthodontics

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2065/8

1. Discuss Andrew’s six keys of normal occlusion. Add notes on

compensatory curvatures of dental arches. 10

2. What are the etiologic factors responsible for midline diastema?

How do you diagnose it? Write in detail about the treatment aspect

of midline diastema. 10

3. An eight years old male patient comes to the dental clinic.

Cephalometric evaluation reveals the following data: 10

SNA: 77degree (normal value: 83.2°)

SNB: 77.8degree (normal value: 79.8°)

19

Y-axis: 19 degree (normal value: 53.6°)

MP angle: 19 degree (normal value: 23.2°)

Make the diagnosis and write down different treatment options

available. Which appliance would you prefer the most, describe its

parts and mention the amount of force, direction, duration of force

and frequency of use?

4. What do you understand by relapse? Why is it important to retain

orthodontically treated teeth? Discuss different theorem of retention.


a. Stainless steel arch wire

b. Ackerman profit system of classification

c. Wits appraisal

d. Diagnostic aids for orthodontic treatment

e. Synchondrosis

f. Cruzone syndrome

g. Implants for orthodontics

h. Corticotomy

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2065/1

Group “A”

1. Write in detail about Angle’s classification of malocclusion and

Dewey’s modification. 10

2. Write in detail on role of orthodontics in management of cleft lip

and palate. 10

3. Distinguish the growth site and growth centre. Explain Moss

functional matrix theory. 10

4. What is anchorage? Classify and discuss with illustrations. 10

Group “B”

5. Tongue thrusting 5

6. Use of head gear 5

7. Intermittent force 5

20

8. Straight wire appliance 5

9. Myofunctional appliance 5

10. Incisal liability 5

11. Derived landmarks 5

12. Hyalinization 5

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2064/8


1. Write in detail about Andrew’s six keys of normal occlusion.

2. Discuss the growth of mandible.

3. A patient comes to you with a complaint of crowding teeth. How

would you evaluate and manage that case?

4. Mention the different methods of gaioning space. Explain one

method in detail.



a) Hyalinization

b) Causes of midline diastema

c) Serial extraction

d) Uses of cephalometric in orthodontics

e) Incisal liability

f) Reciprocal anchorage

g) Anterior crossbite

h) Face mask

***************************************

2064/1

‘A’ Long answer

1. Classify etiology of malocclusion and write in detail about heredity

factors. 10

2. Enumerate orthopedic appliances used in the correction of

dentofacial problems. Write in detail about headgear. 10

21


a) Dewey’s modification of Angle’s classification

b) Carey’s analysis

c) Scammon’s curve

d) Lag phase

‘B’ Short answer

4. A 10 years male patient comes to your clinic with cephalometric

values of SNA 82 degrees and SNB 76 degrees. What is your

diagnosis and favorite appliance to treat this case? 10

5. Classify tongue-thrusting habit. Write etiology, clinical features and

management of it. 10


a) Hyalinization

b) Tweed’s triangle

c) Reinforced anchorage

d) Contribution of Moyers in orthodontics

22

PEDODONTICS

23

2071/9


far as practicable.



1. Classify different theories on child psychology. Explain implications of

behavior learning theories in child’s behavior management. 4+8=12

2. List any 10 self correcting anomalies and describe how they correct.

10

3. Describe the phases on treatment planning of pediatric dental

patient. 2x5=10

4. Define direct and indirect pulp capping. Write in detail about

procedure of indirect pulp capping. 4+6=10

5. List out primary molar relationships. How can you predict permanent

molar relationships from them? 3+5=8

6. Write the indications of general anesthesia and sedation in a child.

Write about communicative behavior management in detail. 4+6=10


a. Riga-feda disease

b. Child sexual abuse and oral findings

c. Leeway’s space

d. Oral findings in a renal disease patient

*******************************************

2071/1

1. A 10 yr old patient comes to you with trauma to upper front tooth.

Maxillary permanent central incisor is avulsed and is brought to the

clinic in a wet handkerchief. Explain about the management of this

patient in detail. 12


Pedodontics XVII Full Marks: 80

24

2. What are the indications of stainless steel crown? Describe the tooth

preparation while doing stainless steel crown. 5+5=10

3. What are the commonly seen emotions in a child? Write about fear

in detail. 4+6=10

4. What do you mean by dental age estimation? List out various

methods for estimating dental age. Which all teeth are erupted in a

16 months old child? 2+4+4=10

5. Describe in detail about indications and contraindications of

pulpotomy. 4+4=8


a. Gum pad

b. Any two oral reflexes

c. Clinical features of teething

d. Precocious eruption

e. Correction of single tooth crossbite

f. Turner’s hypoplasia

*******************************************

2070/8

1. A 6 yr old patient complains of pain in upper left primary deciduous

first molar. On examination, you observe proximal caries in 64 and

gingival swelling with sinus formation on buccal aspect of the same

tooth. Describe about investigations, diagnosis and in detail treatment

planning of the patient. 2+3+7=12

2. How will you counsel the parents of a child with severe early childhood

caries? 10

3. Write about mechanism of action of fluoride. List out the methods of

fluoride delivery. Describe about application of fluoride varnish.

4+2+4=10

4. Can pure calcium hydroxide be used for obturating deciduous root

canal? Describe your answer. List out various other obturating

materials for primary teeth. 2+4+4=10

25

5. Describe in detail about the indications and procedure for strip crown.

2+6=8

6. Describe morphological differences between primary and permanent

teeth. 10


a. Scammon’s curve

b. Pre appointment behavior mamangement

c. Band and loop space maintainer

d. Ellis and davey classification of traumatic injuries of teeth

*****************************************

2069/9

1. Define behavior management. Classify the child’s behavior observed

in dental clinic according to Wright. How do you manage the fearful

child in the clinic? 2+3+7=12

2. Define oral habit. What are the clinical findings of digit sucking habit

and make a treatment plan for it. 2+5+5=12

3. Define minimal intervention. Write down in detail about different

minimal intervention techniques. 2+10=12

4. Define handicapped children. Write the classification. Write the

etiology, clinical features of Down’s syndrome. Write down the

dental consideration for the patient. 2+2+5+3=12

5. A 8 yr old patient comes to your clinic with fracture of upper central

incisors involving pulp. He gives the history of trauma five days back.

How will you manage this case? Write down Ellis and Davey

classification. 8+4=12


a. Early and late mesial shift

b. Indications and contraindications of stainless steel crown

c. Nitrous oxide/Oxygen sedation

d. Formocresol pulpectomy

************************************

26

2068/8

1. Define Nursing bottle caries. Describe its etiological factors. How

do you manage it? 2+4+6=12

2. Define dental fluorosis. Explain in detail about the different ways of

preventing dental fluorosis. 2+10=12

3. Define dental caries. Write in detail on formocresol pulpotomy.

2+10=12

4. Enlist Finn’s modification of cavity preparation in deciduous teeth.

Explain the recent concepts of cavity preparation. 4+8=12

5. Define handicapped child. Discuss the management of a hemophilic

child in the dental clinics. 4+8=12


a) Indications and contraindications of pits and fissure sealants

b) Neonatal teeth

c) Ugly duckling stage

d) Tongue thrusting habits

********************************************

2068/3

1. Discuss difference between space maintainers and space regainers.

Discuss most commonly used space regainers in detail. 5+7=12

2. Define behavior. Classify behavior and discuss in detail factors

affecting child behavior. 2+4+6=12

3. Define nursing bottle caries. Describe the etiological factors and

prevention. 2+5+5=12

4. Enumerate hemorrhagic disorder. Discuss the management of child

with thrombocytopenia purpura for extraction of tooth. 4+8=12

5. Classify traumatic injuries. Discuss the management of fracture of

the permanent central incisors in a child. 4+8=12


a) Indications and contraindications of pit and fissure sealant

b) Acute fluoride toxicity

c) Eruption cyst

27

d) Natal and neonatal teeth

e) Leeway space

****************************************

2067/8

Section A

1. Write in detail on examination, diagnosis and treatment planning

of children in dental clinic. 10

2. Define behavior. Classify behavior and discuss in detail factors

affecting child behavior. 10


a. Fear

b. TSD technique

c. Eruption cyst

d. Eruption sequence

Section B

4. Enumerate hemorrhagic disorder. Explain the management of child

with hemophilia coming to clinic for extraction of tooth. 10

5. Define and classify space maintainers. An eight year old child

reports to the clinic with bilateral loss of primary molars in each of

the arch. Discuss your space maintenance program. 10


a) Serial extraction

b) Leeway space


d) Tongue thrusting habit

*************************************

2066/8

Section A

1. Describe the morphological differences and histological differences

between primary and permanent teeth with its clinical implication

during cavity preparation. 4+4+2

28

2. Define and classify handicapped child. Explain how will you manage

handicapped children in dental clinic 10

3. Define nursing bottle caries. Describe the etiological factors and

prevention. 2+4+4

4. A 10 years old boy reported to dental clinic immediately after the

trauma with a right maxillary central incisor on his hand. Classify

traumatized tooth according to Ellis and Davey. Write in detail

about its management. 2+8


a) Ugly duckling stage

b) Indications and contraindications of pit and fissure sealant

c) Distal shoe space maintainer

d) Enumerate the self correcting malocclusion

e) Acute fluoride toxicity

f) Oral screen

g) Serial extraction

h) Freud’s psychic triad

************************************

2066/1

Section A

1. Define handicapped child. Discuss the management of hemophilic

child in the dental clinic. 10

2. Define and classify space maintainers. Describe Willet’s guiding

shoe appliances. 10


a. Ugly duckling stage

b. Serial extraction

c. Oral screen

d. Tongue thrusting habit

Section B

4. What are the morphological and histological differences between

primary and permanent teeth? 10

29

5. Write in detail about the examination, diagnosis and treatment

planning of children in dental clinic. 10


a. Diet charting

b. Pit and fissure sealant

c. Fluoride varnish

d. Stainless steel crown

***************************************

2066/2

1. Write in detail on eruption sequence in deciduous dentition. Which

deciduous and permanent teeth are present in a child aged ten

years? 10

2. Discuss in detail on growth and development of dental arches from

birth to adolescence. 10

3. Short notes: 5x4=20


b. Tongue thrusting habit

c. Management of Ellis class III fracture

d. Pulpotomy

e. Prophylactic odontomy

4. What are the indications of space maintainers? Describe briefly the

various types of space maintainers. 10

5. Define rampant caries. A two years child comes to dental clinic with

complaints of blackish discoloration of upper incisors. Explain in

detail on step by step management of the problem. 10


a. Diet analysis

b. Nursing bottle caries

c. Pit and fissure sealant

d. Fluoride varnish

e. Stainless steel crown

***************************************

30

2065/8

Section A

1. Define Pulpotomy. Enumerate the medicaments used for

Pulpotomy in deciduous molars. Discuss any one in detail. 10

2. An eight years old child reports to the clinic with bilateral loss of

primary molars in the arch. Discuss in detail on space maintenance.

10


a. Natal and neonatal teeth

b. Oral screen

c. Serial extraction

d. Leeway space

e. Ugly duckling stage

Section B

4. What are the morphological difference between primary and

permanent teeth? 10

5. Classify traumatic injuries. Discuss the management of class III

fracture of the permanent central incisors in an 8 years old child.

10


a. Pit and fissure sealant

b. Nursing bottle caries

c. Topical fluoride

d. Physical restraints

e. Transient malocclusion in mixed dentition

***********************************

2065/7

1. What is mouth breathing habit? How does it develop? Describe its

effect and treatment plan of mouth breathing habit in children. 10

2. What are the morphological difference between primary and

permanent teeth? 10


31

a) Fear

b) Eruption sequence


d) Serial extraction

4. Enumerate the common gingival disorder affecting to the children.

Describe in brief on management of lesions in children. 10

5. Define rampant caries. A 2 years child comes to you with a

complaint of blackish discoloration of upper incisors. Explain in

detail on evaluation of this case and step by step management of

this problem. 10


a) Diet analysis

b) Pit and fissure sealant

c) Fluoride varnish

d) Stainless steel crown

*********************************************

2065/1

Group “A”

1. Write the eruption sequence of deciduous teeth. Discuss in detail

on eruption sequence of deciduous and permanent teeth. 10

2. Describe the management of handicapped child in dental clinic 10


a. Eruption cyst

b. Thumb sucking habit

c. Leeway space

d. Tell-show-do technique

Group “B”

4. Define rampant caries. Describe in detail on diagnosis and

treatment of rampant caries. 10

5. Define and classify space maintainers. Describe in detail on distal

shoe space maintainer. 10


32


b. Serial extraction

c. Pit and fissure sealant

d. Pulpotomy

*********************************************

2064/8

Group “A”

1. Write in detail about oral examination, diagnosis and treatment

planning in children. 10

2. Explain the psychological development of child according to

Sigmund Freud. 10


a) Type of fear

b) Tell-show-do technique

c) Thumb sucking

d) Neonatal teeth

e) Diet charting

Group “B”

4. Define handicapped child and discuss the management of a

hemophilic child in the dental clinic. 10

5. Define and classify space maintainers. Describe in detail on distal

guiding shoe appliance. 10


a) Eruption cyst

b) Ugly duckling stage

c) Serial extraction

d) Pit and fissure sealant

e) Topical fluorides

*******************************

33

2063/8

Group “A”

1. Write in detail on morphology of primary maxillary first molar with

labeled diagram. 10

2. Classify root fracture. Write in detail on the management of root

fracture of anterior permanent teeth. 10


a) Theories of caries formation

b) Hawley’s appliances

c) Stainless steel crown

d) Class II cavity preparation

Group “B”

4. Define dental caries. Describe in detail on role of diet in caries

formation. 10

5. Describe child psychology and its role in patient management in

the dental clinic. 10


a) Mouth breathing

b) Sequence of eruption

c) Pulp capping

d) Types of fear.

************************************

2063/1

Group “A”

1. Write in detail on child management in dental clinic. 10

2. Write in detail on morphology of primary maxillary second molar

with labeled diagram. 10


a) Rampant caries

b) 4-handed dentistry techniques

c) Stainless steel crown

d) Rubber dam

34

Group “B”

4. Discuss in detail on causes of pain in child in dental clinic. 10

5. Classify space maintainers and describe in detail on active space

maintainer. 10


a) Pulp capping

b) Apexification

c) Replantation

d) Mouth breathing

35

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY

36

2071/1

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far

as practicable.



1. List the different phases of public health and explain in detail all the

phases. 2+8=10

2. Define health education. Discuss in detail the principles of health

education. 2+8=10

3. List the different methods of waste disposal. Explain in detail

purification of water. 2+8=10

4. What do you understand by measures of central tendencies? Describe

the different features of ideal measures of central tendency.

2+8=10

5. What do you mean by sampling? What are the different criteria for a

good sampling design? Explain the different types of sampling

methods. 2+2+6=10


a) Finance in Dental care

b) Graphical and diagrammatic representation

c) Autoclave

d) Risk factor approach of controlling diseases

e) Normal curve and its properties

f) Millers chemicoparasitic theory

*******************************************

2070/8

1. Define epidemiology. List the different types of epidemiological

studies. Describe in detail descriptive type of epidemiological

method. 2+2+6=10


Community Dentistry XVIII Full Marks: 80

37

2. Define the different levels of prevention. Write in detail how you

would prevent dental caries and periodontal disease at different

levels of prevention. 2+8=10

3. Define primary health care. Discuss in detail the principles of primary

health care. 2+8=10

4. Define sampling and list criteria for a good sampling design. Describe

different types of sampling methods. 10

5. What are the measures of central tendencies? Describe the different

features of ideal measures of central tendency. 10


a) Normal curve and its properties

b) Hopehood house study

c) Rates, Ratio and Proportion

d) Application of biostatistics in dentistry

e) Guide to counselling patients for tobacco control

f) Bangalore method of composting.

******************************************

2069/9

1. Define the different level of prevention and discuss in detail the levels

of prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases. 3+9=12

2. How many methods of waste disposal are there? Describe each with

suitable example. 4+8=12

3. What do you mean by school health program? Write down the

components of the program. 2+10=12

4. What do you mean by sampling theory? Describe the criteria of good

sampling design and any two sampling techniques. 2+5+5=12

5. What is statistical hypothesis? Describe the methods for testing of

hypothesis to see the significant difference between two means and

proportion? 2+5+5=12


a. Steps in smoking cessation

38

b. Mechanism of action of fluoride

c. Pathfinder Survey

d. Prevalence and incidence

***************************************

2068/8

1. Define epidemiology. Discuss briefly on elements of case control study.

3+9=12

2. Define heath education. Describe in brief on principles of health

education. 3+9=12

3. What do you mean by prevalence and incidence? What is prevention?

What are the levels of prevention in dentistry? Illustrate each with

suitable examples. 4+2+6=12

4. What is sampling design? What are the criteria for a good sampling?

3+9=12

5. What do you mean by testing of hypothesis? Determine if there is any

association between trachoma & corneal degeneration. 4+8=12

Trachoma no trachoma Total

Corneal degeneration 40 61 101

No corneal degeneration 35 34 69

Total 75 95 170

( 2 = 3.84 for 1 df at 5% level of significance


a) A school health program and its importance

b) Measurement of central tendency

c) Normal curve and its features

d) T-tests and their application

**********************************************

2068/3

1. Define health education. How do you apply the principles of health

education in oral health in Nepal? 2+10=12

39

2. Differentiate between incidence and prevalence. Discuss prevalence of

dental caries in Nepal. What measures would you adopt for prevention

of dental caries in Nepal? 4+4+4=12

3. What is mean, mode and median? Discuss normal curve and its

properties. 6+6=12

4. Discuss different data collection techniques. Discuss structured

questionnaire in detail. 6+6=12

5. What do you understand by hypothesis? What are the tests to see the

significant difference between two variables? 4+8=12


a) Chi-square test

b) Standard deviation

c) Salt fluoridation

d) Principles of waste disposal

e) Pie-chart

************************************************

2066/1

Epidemiology

1. List the different types of epidemiological methods. Discuss in detail on

descriptive epidemiology. 10

2. Define health education. Discuss in brief on principles of health

education. 8

3. How would you prevent dental caries using different level of prevention?

8


a. Advantage of school based dental clinic

b. Epidemiological triad

c. Bangalore method of composting

d. Acute toxicity of fluoride

e. Importance of 12 years in WHO oral health survey

40

Biostatistics

5. Define sampling. What are the criteria for sampling design? Describe any

four sampling techniques. 8

6. What is hypothesis? Describe the tests which are applied to detect the

significant difference of two samples. 8

7. Use the appropriate statistical method to justify the contents given

below: 6

Type of school Mean gingival score S.D. of gingival score

Government 577 1.16 0.53

Private 507 1.14 0.57

Prove gingival score in private school is statistically less than government

school


a. Graphic and diagrammatic presentation

b. Correlation and regression analysis

c. Measures of dispersion

d. Normal curve and its properties

***********************************************

2065/8

Epidemiology

1. List the different types of epidemiological methods. Discuss in detail on

analytical types of epidemiological study. 10

2. What are the levels of prevention? Write in detail on public health

approaches to the prevention of oral cancer. 6

3. Define health education. Discuss in brief on principle of health

education. 8

4. Write short notes on: (Any Four) 4x4=16

a. Prevalence

b. Importance of 12 years in WHO oral health survey

c. Chronic toxicity of fluoride

d. Bangalore method of composting

e. Hopehood house study

41

Biostatistics

5. What is a sampling design? What are the criteria for a good sampling

design? Describe any 3 sampling techniques. 8

6. What do you understand by hypothesis? What are the tests to see the

significant difference of two variables? 8

7. In the two groups of infants, the following values were observed:

GroupNo. of infantsMean birth wt.S.D. of birth wt.

1 100 6.9 1.10

2 169 7.3 0.91

Test whether the mean birth weights are significantly different. 8


a. Graphic and diagrammatic presentation

b. Correlation and regression analysis

c. Measures of dispersion

d. Normal curve and its properties

42

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