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Transcript of contemplated with Combined with Explains almost all Solution behaviors We saw three examples of...
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contemplated with
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Combined with
Explains almost all Solution behaviors
We saw three examples of Colligative Properties:colligative – depends only on the number of particles
Tfp = Kfp msolute
Tbp = Kbp msolute
Psolv = Xsolvent Posolvent
Tfp = Kfp msolute
Tbp = Kbp msolute
Psolv = Xsolvent Posolvent
See why we need to deal with new types of concentration: mole fraction, molality.These relationships depend on numbers of particles
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Ideal behavior, no association of ions ---------------------------------------------------- 2.00
Ideal behavior, no association of ions ---------------------------------------------------- 3.00
Let’s watch this association ….
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Combined with
Explains almost all Solution behaviors
Fourth example of Colligative Properties:
Osmosis – the movement of solvent through a semi- permeable membrane from a region of high solute concentration to low solute concentration.
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pasta marshmallow nut
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Semi-PermeableMembrane bag
5% sugarsolution
This is the system at equilibriumThis is what createsthe dis-equilibriumIn the beaker
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The system is disturbed away from equilibrium
X H2O(outside) ≠ X H2O(inside)
100% H2O(outside) ≠ 95% H2O(inside)
The system will respond by shifting equilibrium
H2O(outside) H2O(inside)
How???
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Only water molecules can move thorough membrane
The membrane is invisible to water
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When the system responds by shifting equilibrium:
If diluted to 1% sugar:
0.00278 mol/ 0.095 L = 0.0293 MUsing:
= c R T
= 0.0293 M x 0.082057 atm/M K x 298 K
= 0.716 atm or 544 mm Hg
The sugar solution under pressurerises up the tube, like a manometer.
The height represents the Osmotic Pressure
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Waterfills beaker
corn syruppipet fits tightly into
hole
core of carrot
removed and filled
withcorn syrup
CarrotAs amembrane
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pasta marshmallow nut
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= c R T
in: atm mol/L kelvin .0820 L/atm K
Combined with
Explains almost all Solution behaviors
Osmosis – the movement of solvent through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high solute concentration to low solute concentration.
Osmotic Pressure – the pressure created after the system attains equilibrium, calculated by:
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Combined with
Explains almost all Solution behaviors
Semi-permeable membrane: now this is a very specialdevice: selective for molecular size Size exclusion
What is an important example that uses a Semi-permeable membrane?
Living cells: have many ways of selecting which molecules get inside or stay outside
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Previously in Chem 104:
• Equilibrium &•LeChatelier’s Principle
• 4 (or 3?) Colligative Properties:
Psolv = Xsolvent Posolvent
Tbp = Kbp msolute
Tfp = Kfp msolute
= c R T
TODAY
• Example Calcs
•Equilibrium and Osmosis
• Examlette Monday
• For the Future:Enthalpies Do Not Predict Dissolution—they can be exo- and endothermic