Container butterfly garden 2016

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© Project SOUND Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden Gardening with California Native Plants in Western L.A. County Project SOUND – 2016 (our 12 th year)

Transcript of Container butterfly garden 2016

© Project SOUND

Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden

Gardening with California Native Plants in Western L.A. CountyProject SOUND – 2016 (our 12th year)

© Project SOUND

The Butterfly Container: creating a butterfly garden using

containers

C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake

CSUDH (emeritus) & Madrona Marsh Preserve

Madrona Marsh PreserveJuly 2 & 7, 2016

2016 Season - Rediscovering Eden: S. California Gardens for the 21st Century

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Part of Rediscovering Eden is rediscovering our faunal heritage

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And that includes providing habitat for local butterflies & pollinators

But maybe I have only limited space

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http://www.houzz.com/photos/4550907/Manhattan-Roof-Garden-White-Planters-Terrace-Deck-Paver-Patio-Container-Plan-contemporary-deck-new-york

Can I attract butterflies, with just a few planters?

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http://www.houzz.com/patio-container-plants

Yes, but not as many butterflies as you could with a larger garden – and you need to choose plants carefully

Today we’re going to design several butterfly gardens based on containers

What it takes to attract butterflies

Choosing and siting containers

California native plants that attract butterflies – and provide habitat for them

Choosing plants appropriate for containers

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https://www.crateandbarrel.com/blog/container-garden-ideas/

What we learn today is applicable to those with very limited space (e.g. a balcony) or those who want to add accents that will attract more butterflies to a larger garden.

Let’s start with a very small garden…

…and very big dreams of attracting lots of interesting butterflies

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The first steps involve thinking, learning and planning

http://www.firstredeemer.org/thinking/

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Is my location really suitable for a butterfly garden?

Best in a sunny, protected area – check the sun/shade patterns (need at least 4 hours sun/day)

Away from traffic -parking strips are generally not the best choice

Out of heavy winds. Butterflies won't stay where they are being blown around.

http://www.hot100fm.com.au/lifestyle/in-outdoors/43478-getting-the-most-out-of-your-balcony-garden

http://siteforeverything.com/can-you-make-your-own-balcony-garden/

Too windy?

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Two important first questions in planning a butterfly garden

What butterfly species do I want to attract? Are there particular butterflies

we really want to attract? What butterflies occur

commonly in my area?

Do I want to just attract adult butterflies, or do I want to create true butterfly habitat (provide everything the butterflies need to live out their lives)?

Mother Nature’s Backyard Blog has articles on common local butterflies

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The ‘S. Bay Butterflies & Their Native Food Sources’ list is another place to start

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Participating in the annual July Butterfly Count is a great way to learn about butterflies

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It helps to understand the basics of the life cycle of butterflies

http://basrelief.org/NewFiles/lifecyc.html

If we want to provide complete butterfly habitat, we have to provide for all stages of the life cycle

That may or may not be feasible in a small garden – let’s see what it takes

Elements of a butterfly habitat garden

Nectar sources (food for adult butterflies) Often generalist; good nectar

sources attract many species Often the same as good pollinator

habitat plants – garden serves many species

Often have attractive flowers

Larval (caterpillar) food sources– may be quite specific

Water

Sunning/perching spots

Protected areas

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http://www.axsoris.com/butterfly-garden-plan-with-full-sun-plants-for-a.html

Of course you’ll also want to design some seating so you can enjoy the butterfly visitors

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Caterpillars are born to eat….

It takes a huge amount of energy (food) to grow & metamorphose into a butterfly

Keys to successful ‘Architectural pots’

Choose pots appropriate for architectural style

Limit the container palette: all the same or similar size, shape or color

Choose plants that look good year round

Choose plants that are large and/or dramatic in some way –‘plant divas’

Manage the plants: should always ‘look good’

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http://www.crateandbarrel.com/zinc-tall-square-planter/s391046?si=2205077&aff=cj

If you’re limited to a very small garden…

You are limited in the size and number of plants you can accommodate

Plants may need to ‘look tidy’ most of the year

You may want to add floral color, in addition to interesting foliage

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In this situation, it is usually easier to focus on attracting adult butterflies, rather than providing year-round butterfly habitat

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If you were a butterfly, what kind of plant would you like?

Lots of little flowers filled with nectar Sunflower family (Asteraceae) Buckwheat genus (Eriogonum ) Milkweed genus (Asclepias ) Fiddleneck genus (Phacelia) Mint family (Mentha;

Monardella; Salvia)

Pea family (Fabaceae) Monkeyflowers (Phrymaceae)

Why choose CA native plants, rather than non-natives (to attract adult butterflies)?

They have exactly the right characteristics (they are ‘butterfly plants’) Lots of small flowers Sweet-smelling nectar

Most are fine-tuned to attract & provision our local butterflies: Scent cues Visual cues Qualities of the nectar:

Sugar content Other: minerals, ‘vitamins’, ‘insect

medicinals’, other useful chemicals

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In short, native plants provide abundant, healthy food (both for the adult butterfly & for her offspring)

A closer look at our very small butterfly garden

Factors to consider:

What material is the container made of? What are the drainage characteristics

What color is the container?

What are the light characteristics of the site? Will you be able to move the container with changing light conditions?

How are you going to water the container? How often?

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Typical ‘large, architectural planter’

18-24” tall; 40-48” long; 16-18” deep

How big a pot?

Good rule of thumb: big enough for 2-3 year’s growth (learn enough about the plant’s growth to judge)

Go big - the smallest (for small plants) should be 2.5 gallon

Bigger can be better: Allows room for plants to grow Easier to maintain correct soil

moisture Easier to maintain temperature

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http://housetohome.media.ipcdigital.co.uk/96/000011849/e80f_orh550w550/Red-Mud-Hut-planter.jpg

Light-colored pots are easier to keep cool in sunny locations

Back to our very small garden…

Site characteristics Sunny location Light colored pots Hand water (or drip) – whenever

needed Planting medium: whatever

needed – adequate drainage

Size limits: Three containers: each 18-24”

tall; 40-48” long; 16-18” deep

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What plants are suitable butterfly nectar sources, given our site and size constraints?

Where can we find plants that meet our basic requirements?

Attract butterflies

Are sun-loving

Some heat tolerance (in a container)

Any water and drainage requirement, as long as those in an individual container are compatible

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Consult ‘Butterfly Nectar Sources’ list (on the Native Plants for Butterflies list,

Mother Nature’s Backyard Blog)

Characteristics of our plants: reality check Root depth: less than 2 ft.

(unless we increase the container depth)

Overall size: Height: probably less than 3

ft.; taller if a vine (need to have space; support)

Diameter: less than 2 ft. (larger if will drape or slightly larger if space allows)

Nice appearance much of the year

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Fortunately size and other traits can be found on the list

More information and pictures in the Gallery of Native Plants

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What if we like a plant, but it doesn’t look good all year long?

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One easy trick: the ‘Cache pot’ solution (double potting)

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http://www.fabdwell.com/home/mid-century-modern-planters-addressing-beauty-function/

http://www.calendariodojardim.com.br/anteriores/Dica0412.html

http://www.canberraorchids.org/tips.html

Pot stand made from a cheap plastic pot

Allows you to switch out plants for seasonal color

http://www.crateandbarrel.com/bronze-26.5-tall-tapered-planter/s595512?si=2205077&aff=cj

8” wide/11” deep insert

Back to our very small garden… Site characteristics

Sunny location Light colored pots Hand water (or drip) – whenever

needed Planting medium: whatever

needed

Size limits: Three containers: each 18-24”

tall; 40-48” long; 16-18” deep

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Let’s go for a yellow & purple theme that will attract adult butterflies in summer and fall. We’ll start by considering the Sunflowers.

A few tips for plants grown in containers

Consider final size carefully; some plants are just too large for most containers

Much easier to grow plants that like water than those that don’t

Most container-grown plants need more/more frequent water than they would in the ground (except those grown in plastic pots or with poor drainage).

Plants that do well in sun/part-shade may do best with morning or late-day sun in summer

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Check your pots often in dry, windy weather

Sunflower options – yellow & whiteName Blooms Size Water+ Soil Achillea millefolia (Yarrow) White

Spr-Su< 2 ftspreads 2 to 3 Any

Baileya multiradiata (Desert marigold)

YellowSpr-Su

1-2 ft t1-2 ft w 2 Well-

drained

Coreopsis/Leptosyne maritima(Sea dahlia)

YellowSpr

1-2 ft t3-4 ft w 2 Well-

drained

Grindelia hirsutula(Coastal gum plant)

YellowSu

1-2+ ft t2-3 ft w 2, 2-3 Any

* Grindelia stricta(Spreading gum plant)

YellowSu

1 ft t3+ ft w 2, 2-3 Any

Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii(Butterweed)

YellowSu-F

2-3 ft t2-3 ft w 1-2 to 2 Any

Solidago californica (CA goldenrod)

YellowSu-F

2-3 ft tspreads 2 to 3 Any

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+: Water Zone in containers: 1 = dry; 2 = occasional (1-2 times/wk); 3= regular/moist

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*Desert marigold – Baileya multiradiata

©2010 Neal Kramer

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*Desert marigold – Baileya multiradiata

©2010 Neal Kramer

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?BAMU

Mojave and Sonoran Deserts [Anza-Borrego] in CA, to Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, n Mexico

Desert roadsides, flats, washes, hillsides to ~ 6000 ft. in Creosote Bush Scrub, Joshua Tree Woodland

Collected 1902 by TS Brandegee; "Baileya" honors Jacob Whitman Bailey (1811-1857), a chemist and botanist known for microscopic studies of diatoms

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Desert marigold looks like a garden plant

Size: 1-2 ft tall 1-2 ft wide

Growth form: Mounded, short-lived perennial Herbaceous; drought deciduous

(dies way back)

Foliage: Gray-green & very hairy (good

desert plant) Leaves lacy, mostly in tidy basal

rosette Pretty accent color; larval food

for desert marigold moth (Schinia minima)

©2010 James M. Andre

©2010 Barry Breckling

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Sunny, yellow flowers Blooms:

On & off with moisture from Mar-Nov

Flowers: Sunflower heads with lots of

overlapping ray flowers (like a marigold)

Both ray & disk flowers and intense, golden yellow

Very attractive; good cut flowers

Attract wide range of pollinators: native bees, flies, butterflies, moths

Seeds: reseeds well on bare soil or gravel mulch

©2010 Neal Kramer

©2013 Jean Pawek

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Desert wash plant Soils:

Texture: any well drained; ‘cactus mix’ in containers

pH: any local (7.0-9.0); takes alkali and salty soils

Light: full sun to part-shade; can take reflected heat

Water: Winter: needs good moisture to

get it though flowering Summer: your choice; best

flowering with occasional water (Zone 1-2 to 2; Zone 2 in pots). Taper off in Sept.

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils. Yearly ½ strength in containers

Other: inorganic or no mulch; prune off old flower heads

Gerald and Buff Corsi © California Academy of Sciences

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Use like a marigold As an accent plant in desert-

themed garden; rock garden In foreground of water-wise beds;

along walkways On dry margins of vegetable

garden (attracts pollinators) Does well in containers

©2015 Richard Spellenberg

http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/119--baileya-multiradiata

https://www.snwa.com/apps/plant/detail.cfml?type=87&id=14752

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Include Gumplants in your garden because of..

Attractive flowers Mar-Oct

Balsamic aroma

Tolerates any soil – well-drained is best

Drought tolerance

Easy to grow

Highly attractive for Bees Butterflies Other insects (beetles; other

unusual insects) Birds (seeds)

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* Saltmarsh gumplant – Grindelia stricta var. platyphylla

Beatrice F. Howitt © California Academy of Sciences

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Saltmarsh gumplant – pretty, but too short

Brother Alfred Brousseau @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

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Coastal Groundcover Gum Plant - Grindelia stricta venulosa

A.K.A Grindelia arenicola, G.a. pachyphylla, G.s. procumbens

Coastal bluff plant from the bay area.

Low growing - < 1 ft. Spreads nicely as a ground

cover Mix with Baccharis Pigeon

Point and Penstemon Margarita BOP on coastal slopes

Likes some summer water –Zone 2 to 2-3

http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/grindelia-stricta-venulosa

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Hairy (Coastal) Gumplant – Grindelia hirsutula

Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima

© 2008 Jorg Fleige

http://www.coestatepark.com/grindelia_hirsutula.htm

© 2008 Jorg Fleige

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Hairy (Coastal) Gumplant – Grindelia hirsutula

Var. hisutula – coastal, including western L.A. Co., coast near Santa Monica Mtns.

Var. maritima – north & central CA coast

Both: Coastal areas; sea bluffs and

slopes Sandy soils

var. hirsutula

var. maritima

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1255,1260,1264http://www.coestatepark.com/grindelia_hirsutula.htm

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Hairy Gumplant - an herbaceous perennial

Size: 1-3 ft tall (v.maritima 1-2 ft) 1-3 ft wide

Growth form: Herbaceous perennial; dies back

in fall Many slender stems from woody

rootstock May be upright or more leaning

(maritima)

Foliage: Blue-green, tinged with red,

purple or yellow More refined-looking than other

Grindelia species© 2000 Joseph Dougherty/ecology.org

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Flowers are pure gold Blooms: spring-summer – usually

June-Aug in S. Bay

Flowers: Typical sunflower heads with

well-developed ray flowers (maritima has more ray flowers)

Bright golden yellow Profuse bloomer – even with

little summer water Pollinator magnets!!

Seeds: Small, but edible Birds love them!

Vegetative reproduction: not a real spreader

© 2008 Jorg Fleige

https://www.anniesannuals.com/signs/d%20-%20g/grindelia_hirsutula.htm

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Hairy Gumplant – a natural for the perennial bed

http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/grindella-hirsutula

At back of mixed flowers beds; along walls, fences

Fine on slopes Easy, adaptable & hardy Do fine in containers

http://sfcompact.blogspot.com/2009/06/mmmmm-food.html

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California Goldenrod – Solidago californica

http://plants.montara.com/ListPages/FamPages/Astera7.html#solcan

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California Goldenrod – Solidago californica

Good example of the Sunflower family

Western coast from OR to Baja, east to NV

In CA, mostly in north & coastal S. CA (including mountains)

In both dry and moist environments

In the open (including grasslands) and in shaded woods, from coastal sage scrub to yellow pine forest

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1838,1840

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CA Goldenrod: an adaptable perennial Size:

1-3 ft tall (flowering stalk may be taller)

2+ ft wide; spreading

Growth form: Bunching perennial Fast growing; more so with regular

summer water Dies back (to the ground) in

fall/winter

Foliage: Leaves dark green to gray-green;

typical of Sunflower family

Roots: Spreads via rhizomes

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Great nectar plants – true butterfly magnets

Important nectar source in summer/fall in the wild.

Provides nectar for wide range of butterflies & hummingbirds: Monarch (Danaus plexippus) West Coast Lady (Vanessa annabella) Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta) Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus) Mylitta Crescent (Phyciodes mylitta) Acmon Blue (Plebejus acmon) Skippers Others

Seed-eaters eat the seeds

http://www.wildscaping.com/plants/plantprofiles/Solidago_californica.htm

http://www.santabarbarahikes.com/flowers/index.php?action=show_item&id=27&search=

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Goldenrods are easy to grow if you follow a few tips

Give them plenty of sun

Water them (regularly to occasionally) in summer – at least until they start to bloom

Cut them back in winter dormant period

Remove unwanted stems; or divide and give some away

Will spread more quickly in lighter soils – may want to contain, or limit summer waterhttp://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/californiagoldenrod.html

Which is closest to our vision?

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Now to the other containers in our very small garden…

Site characteristics Sunny location Light colored pots Hand water (or drip) – whenever

needed Planting medium: whatever

needed

Size limits: Three containers: each 18-24”

tall; 40-48” long; 16-18” deep

© Project SOUND

We need something purple – or possibly pink – in order to complete our design

Sunflower options – purpleName Blooms Size Water

Zone+Soil

Corethrogyne filaginifolia(Common sand aster)

Violet/YSpr-Su

1-3+ ft tspreads 2 Most

Erigeron foliosus(Fleabane daisy)

Violet/YSpr-Su

2-3 ft t2-3 ft w 2 to 3 Most

*Erigeron glaucus(Seaside daisy)

Violet/YSpr-F

< 1 ft tallspreads 2 to 3 Most

Pluchea odorata(Sweetscent)

PinkSu-F

2-3 ft tall2-3 ft w 2 to 3 Most

* Symphyotrichum chilense[Aster chilensis](Coast aster)

Violet/YSpr-F 2-3 ft tall

spreads 2 to 3 Most

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+: Water Zone in containers: 1 = dry; 2 = occasional (1-2 times/wk); 3= regular/moist

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Two California Erigeron Daisys

Erigeron foliosus

Erigeron glaucus

E. foliosus (Leafy): Mountain ranges & hills of C.

& western S. CA Dry, sunny, rocky, brushy or

wooded or grassy slopes coastal sage scrub, chaparral

and southern oak woodland

E. glaucus (Seaside) Central to N. Coast (into OR) Coastal bluffs, dunes,

beaches Coastal Strand, Coastal Sage

Scrub, Northern Coastal Scrub

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What differences in gardening practices? Soils: both do well in any

well-drained soil Light: both do well in full

sun or part-shade Water:

Leafy: little/no summer water

Seaside: takes regular watering; doesn’t like to be dusty

Seaside Daisy tolerates seaside conditions

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Horticultural cultivars of Seaside Daisy

Variable in size (but all are short) and number of flowers per plant

Choose the one you like best

‘Cape Sebastian’ cultivar

http://www.mostlynatives.com/notes/erigeronglaucuscs.jpg

http://www.callutheran.edu/Academic_Programs/Departments/Biology/Wildflowers/gf/plants/category/gar-1670.htm

‘Olga’ cultivar ‘Bountiful’ cultivarhttp://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=2213

‘Sea Breeze’ cultivar

http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/eriglasb.htm

Seaside daisyErigeron glaucus

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http://nativeson.com/annotated_catalog/ecatalog.htm

http://garden-photos-com.photoshelter.com/image/I0000zpquFw1K.bA

Great butterfly accent plant -if we had more space!

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Pacific Aster – Symphyotrichum chilense var. chilense(Aster chilensis)

© 2007 Neal Kramer

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A plant of many habitats

Grasslands Salt marshes Coastal dunes and

bluffs Coastal grasslands and

scrub, Even open disturbed

habitats in evergreen and Pacific coast coniferous forest

© 2004, Ben Legler

Not surprisingly, there are phenotypic variants

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Flowers are dainty Blooms:

Summer into fall: usually Jul-Sep in Western L.A. Co.

Flowers: Typical sunflower head – but

dainty; ~ 1 inch head White to purple (even pink) ray

flowers; yellow disc flowers Many flowers blooming at one

time; very showy Excellent nectar source for

native moths and butterflies

Seeds: With fluffy tail to aid wind

distribution; birds love them! Can reseed on bare ground© 2007 Neal Kramer

© 2004, Ben Legler

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Soils: Texture: any – sand to clay pH: any local

Light: Full sun to light shade; Probably best color in light

shade

Water: Winter: adequate Summer: wide range (Zone 1-2

to 3); probably best as Zone 2 –too aggressive with more water.

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils

Other: can be heavily pruned, even mowed, occasionally. Cut back in fall after flowering.

© 2004, Ben Legler

Pacific Aster can thrive in a container

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Pacific Aster: not for everywhere…

Best contained, as it is an aggressive competitor: Pots & planters Areas bounded by walks, or other

boundries Parking strips – if managed

Usually used in combination with native grasses, bulbs, sub-shrubs (Epilobium canum; Goldenrods) in native meadows; can be mowed back in fall

Appropriate for Cottage Gardens Good for stabilizing slopes

© 2005 Andrea Jesse

Excellent choice for butterfly gardens

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Saltmarsh Fleabane – Pluchea odorata

http://www.kenbowles.net/SDWildflowers/FamilyIndexes/AsteraceaeDisciform/AsteraceaeDisciformKey.htm

© Project SOUND

Saltmarsh Fleabane –typical for genus

© 2003 BonTerra Consulting

Size: 2-4 ft. tall 2-3 ft. wide

Growth form: sub-shrub Woody base; ends of stems are

herbaceous Upright growth habit Annual in colder climates;

perennial in ours Dies back in winter

Foliage: Pretty color; like Arrow-shaped leaves

Roots: fibrous; good soil-bindinghttp://www.kenbowles.net/SDWildflowers/FamilyIndexes/AsteraceaeDisciform/AsteraceaeDisciformKey.htm

© Project SOUND

Saltmarsh Fleabane does well in gardens… Soils:

Texture: any local – does very well in fine-textured soils (clays)

pH: any local, including alkali, salty

Light: Best in full sun with some water Fine with partial shade; not too

particular

Water: Winter: likes it’s water; plant in moist

areas of garden, rainswale, etc. Summer: quite flexible; looks better

with some to regular summer water (Zone 2/3 probably optimal; takes 3)

Fertilizer: fine with none; organic mulches work well (leaf mulch)

© 2003 BonTerra Consulting

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Pretty little flowers Blooms: summer-fall; usually

in June to Oct. in western L.A. County

Flowers: Similar to Mule Fat – but

prettier; no separate male/female plants

Color: pink to lavender Many small flowers in dense

flat bunches – very showy Great fall butterfly and

other pollinator plant!

Vegetative reproduction: Slowly spreading; more with

regular water

http://www.kenbowles.net/SDWildflowers/FamilyIndexes/AsteraceaeDisciform/AsteraceaeDisciformKey.htm

© Project SOUND

Versatile in the garden Excellent choice for moist

places in garden: Stream or pond banks/edges Rain gardens/swales Areas with sprinkler drift

Fine with other natives needing similar water requirements – remember, dies back in winter

Showy choice for habitat/ butterfly garden; great with yellow fall-flowering plants

Does great in pots; give it an occasional dose of fertilizer or top-dress each spring

http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=13929http://www.sibleynaturecenter.org/daytrips/naturetrail0709/index.html

Another pink-purple option: the Milkweeds

© Project SOUND

Indian milkweed – Asclepias eriocarpa Showy milkweed – Asclepias speciosa

Milkweeds are also larval food – so they are ‘two-for-one’ plants

Milkweeds make great insect habitat

Bees – many kinds including bumblebees

Lepidoptera (Moths & Butterflies)

Other insects: Flies Milkweed bugs Milkweed long-horned

beetle Yellow oleander aphids Many, many more

© Project SOUND

http://www.plantsofthesouthwest.com/Showy-Milkweedbri-Asclepias-speciosa/productinfo/P1180/

http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/asclepias-speciosa

Indian Milkweed is a food source for butterflies and other insects

Photo by Gabi McLean http://www.natureathand.com/Gallery/Asclepias_eriocarpa_29025.htm

Variable checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas chalcedona)

http://www.californiagardens.com/Plant_Pages/Tarantula_Hawk.htm

Tarantula Hawk (Pepsis mildei)

http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Asclepias%20eriocarpa

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Showy Milkweed – Asclepias speciosa

© 2004 George W. Hartwell

© Project SOUND

Showy Milkweed – Asclepias speciosa

Western N. America from Canada to Baja; throughout N. Ca, the Sierra foothills

Open areas at low elevations in dry to moist, loamy to sandy soil

Often in areas that are seasonally flooded or quite damp

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?583,586,599http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floramw/species/asclspec.htm

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=14422

© Project SOUND

Showy Milkweed: a stout perennial Size:

2-5+ ft tall Spreading by rhizomes; often

forms a clump

Growth form: Drought/winter deciduous

perennial Stems stout, succulent, erect or

nearly so

Foliage: Leaves large 96-8 inches long),

gray-green, velvety Milky sap typical of Milkweeds Larval food, Monarch Butterflies

Roots: stout taproot; don’t move once established.© 2005, Ben Legler

© Project SOUND

Flowers are…showy! Blooms:

In summer: May-Sept usually July-Aug in our area

Flowers: Large compared to other

milkweeds ; sweet scent Pale pink or purple – in

dense, ball-like clusters Very showy in bloom – among

our prettiest perennials

Seeds: Relatively large, with silky

parachute (typical of milkweeds)

Seed pods are 3-5" long and are either spiny or smooth.

© 2005, Ben Legler

© Project SOUND

Plant Requirements Soils:

Texture: any, including clays pH: any local, including alkali

Light: Full sun to light shade

Water: Winter: good winter/spring

moisture; supplement if needed

Summer: variable once established; probably best as Zone 2 or 2-3 once established

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils; light or no mulch (or inorganic)

Other: Spreads via rhizomes & seeds

(on bare ground). Protect from slugs & snails

http://www.anniesannuals.com/plants/plant_display.asp?prodid=125&account=none

Cut back to the ground in late fall(native Californians would burn)

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Showy Milkweed Shines In large pots, planters Mid- or back-bed in perennial

gardens Near birdbaths or water features Lovely massed Scented gardens

http://back40feet.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.html

http://plantlust.com/plants/asclepias-speciosa/

Which is closest to our vision?

© Project SOUND

© Project SOUND

What do we think about this combo?

What butterflies will our plants attract?

The smaller butterflies like:• Skippers• Gray hairstreak

Larger butterflies like:• Whites• Ladies

• Red Admirals• Monarchs• Swallowtails

© Project SOUND

What do we think? We like it!

But what if our 3-6 containers are in an area that is part-shade?

© Project SOUND

http://www.fireangels.org/container-gardening-vegetable-spaces-rustic-with-black-bowl-planter-container/container-gardening-vegetable-spaces-rustic-with-black-bowl-planter-container/

Site characteristics Part-shade location Darker colored pots Hand water (or drip) –

whenever needed Planting medium:

whatever needed

Size limits: Six containers: each 18-

24” tall; 18-24” long; 18-24” deep

Characteristics of the plants for garden 2 Attracts butterflies

Part-shade adapted

Some heat tolerance (in a container)

Any water and drainage requirement, as long as those in an individual container are compatible

© Project SOUND

Characteristics of our plants: reality check

Root depth: less than 2 ft. (unless we increase the container depth)

Overall size: Height: probably less than 2

ft.; windows limit height to 1 ft. for some pots

Diameter: less than 2 ft. (larger if will drape or slightly larger if space allows)

Nice appearance much of the year

© Project SOUND

Butterfly plants that take part-sun

© Project SOUND

The Mint family Mentha (true mints) Monardella Stachys (Woodmints)

Yarrow (Achillea millefolia)

Diplacus/Mimulus/Erythranthe– the Monkeyflowers

Several others

Some butterfly choices for part-sun - mints

© Project SOUND

Name Blooms Size Water+ Soil Mentha arvensis(Wild mint)

WhiteSu

1-2 ft tallspreads 2 to 3 Any

Monardella linioides(Willowy monardella)

LavenderSu-F

1-2 ft tall1-3 ft w 2-3 to 3 Well-

drained

Monardella macrantha(Red monardella) Red 1-2 ft tall

1-2 ft w 2-3 to 3 Most

Monardella odoratissima(Mountain/Desert monardella)

LavenderSp-Su

1-3 ft tall1-3 ft w 2 Most

Monardella villosa(Coyote mint)

MagentaSp-Su

1-3 ft tall1-3 ft w 2 Well-

drained

Stachys bullata(CA Woodmint)

PinkSp-Su

1-2 ft tallspreads 2 to 3 Any

© Project SOUND

The genus Monardella

20 species native to western North America.

Commonly known as wildmints, coyote mints or monardellas.

Highly aromatic foliage; some species used for herbal teas.

Two-lipped, tubular flowers in terminal clusters; usually red, pink, or purple.

Caterpillar (moth and butterfly) foodplants; also nectar sources

Special needs: excellent drainage; cannot take excess winter dampness

http://www.laspilitas.com/butterfl_files/pale_swallowtail_butterfly_on_a_monardella.jpg

© Project SOUND

*Willow Mint – Monardella linoides ssp. viminea

© 2005 Jasmine J. Watts

© Project SOUND

Willow Mint: a dainty perennial Size:

1-2 ft tall 2-3 ft wide; sprawling

Growth form: Herbaceous perennial Sprawling/draping Semi-deciduous;

evergreen with more water

Foliage: Narrow leaves Light green; very aromatic Makes a nice tea

Roots: taproot

© Project SOUND

Mountain/Desert Monardella – Monardella odoratissima

J. E.(Jed) and Bonnie McClellan © California Academy of Sciences

© Project SOUND

The name (odoratissima) says it all Size:

1-2 (sometimes 3) ft tall 2-3 ft wide

Growth form: Herbaceous perennial from stout

woody taproot Many upright stems; sprawly when

young, then mounded

Foliage: Color: green to gray-green (hairy) Simple leaves Strong minty scent – great tea

(medicinal or ‘sipping tea’) Make a ‘kitchen extract’ for use in

baking, etc., etc.

© 2009 Terry Dye

Al Schneider @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/regions/Pacific_Southwest/McGee/index.shtml

© Project SOUND

A showy Monardella Blooms:

Summer in the wilds Likely June-July in our area

Flowers: Pale pink to light magenta –

good colors for garden Flowers small – typical for

Monardellas Flowers in ball-like clusters

at ends of flowering stems Really showy Attracts many butterflies,

hummingbirds, many others

Seeds: small, typical for Mint family

© 2009 Terry Dye © 2011 Wynn Anderson

© Project SOUND

Likes a little shade Soils:

Texture: well-drained; sandy or rocky are fine

pH: any local

Light: Part-shade (morning sun)

works well Dappled shade under trees is

ideal

Water: Winter: good soakings Summer: happy with

occasional summer water (Zone 2, even 2-3 in well-drained soils)

Fertilizer: fine with organic amendments, mulches

© 2010 Julie Kierstead Nelson

Does fine at higher elevations;also thrives in Mother Nature’s Garden of Health (elevation < 100 ft. – Gardena CA)

© Project SOUND

Mountain Monardella: lovely

Under trees, as a groundcover Along partly shady walkways Shady edges of the vegetable

garden As an accent in large

containers In a rock or butterfly garden

© 2010 Steven Thorsted

Ssp. pallida

http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Monardella_odoratissima_ssp._pallida&redirect=no

© Project SOUND

Coyote Mint – Monardella villosa

© Project SOUND

Coyote Mint – Monardella villosa

Distributed from the central coast, throughout the San Francisco Bay Area and into the north coast ranges.

Typically associated with dry, rocky locations in coastal scrub and woodland habitats near the coast. http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?4745,4789,4835,4839

© Project SOUND

Several ssp. of Coyote Mint

San Luis Obispo Coyote Mint (M. villosa var. obispoensis). It has round, gray leaves covered in soft white fuzz.

Mountain Coyote Mint (M. villosa var. villosa)most commonly available here

© 2001 Dean Wm. Taylor

ssp. franciscana

© 2006 Tom Cochrane ssp. globosa

ssp. villosa

© 2005 California Academy of Sciences ssp. obispoensis

© Project SOUND

Coyote Mint is quite variable

Size: 1-2 ft tall 2-4 ft wide, spreading

Growth form: evergreen perennial with many upright square stems, growing in colonies

Foliage: Bright green or gray green Leaves rounded or more

elongated Crushed foliage has minty

‘toothpaste-like’ fragrance

© Project SOUND

Showy mint flowers

Blooms: May-Aug. in S. Bay

Flowers: Dense heads of small

flowers; showy Color ranges from

lavender, rose-purple, to white

Long-blooming Attract a wide range of

butterflies, bees, other pollinators

Vegetative reproduction: natural layering

© Project SOUND

Coyote Mint Soils:

Texture: any well-drained

Light: full sun to part shade

Water: Winter: don’t let it get too wet Summer: best with slightly damp to

slightly dry sandy soil; don’t over-water – will make it leggy and decrease it’s lifespan – Water Zone 2 in pots

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other:

Pinch tips to promote fuller growth Shear back to about 1/3 of it’s volume in

fall/winter

If the plant loses its leaves to drought during the hot months, it will leaf out again with rain and cooler weather.

© Project SOUND

http://idoradesign.blogspot.com/2010/05/afternoon-in-anns-garden.html http://ocparkswildflowers.blogspot.com/

http://drystonegarden.com/index.php/2010/08/august-bloom-day/

California woodmint - Stachys bullata

California woodmint (Hedgenettle) -Stachys bullata

CA coast from San Francisco to Orange Co.

Grows on: dry slopes and canyons in

chaparral and coastal sage scrub

partially-shaded canyons coast live oak riparian

forest sycamore riparian

woodland http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Stachys+bullata

Characteristics of CA Woodmint

Drought deciduous perennial herb; but does like water

Size: 2-4 ft high, 3-4 ft wide (spreading)

Foliage: Dark green, softly hairy,

“wrinkled” Scented: lemon-mint

Flowers: Pink to lavender-red, with white

markings on the lower lips Blooms Mar-May/June Attract bees, hummingbirds,

butterflies

Succeeding with Stachys bullata

Does best in part-shade

Plant in well-drained soils

While drought tolerant, does better with moderate water, and tolerates seasonal flooding

useful in north- and east-facing banks, rockwalls

Use it in woodland gardens or perennial gardens

Remember that it suckers freely – will spread moderately especially if watered – makes a good groundcover

http://biology.fullerton.edu/biol317/im/s03/ft2/ft20-47.html

Woodmints make good shady ground cover plants

Like all mints, Stachys species also do fine in containers

© Project SOUND

What butterflies will our mints attract?

The smaller butterflies like:• Skippers• Gray hairstreak• Funereal Duskywing

Larger butterflies like:• Whites• Gulf Fritillary• Ladies

• Monarchs• Swallowtails

Some butterfly choices for part-sun – non-mint

© Project SOUND

Name Blooms Size Water+ Soil Achillea millefoliaYarrow

White Spr-Su

< 2 ftspreads 2 to 3 Any

Diplacus/Mimulus speciesShrubby monkeyflowers Many colors

Sp-Su2-3 ft tall2-3 ft w. 2 Any

Glandularia gooddingii*Southwest mock verbena Lilac

Spr-Su< 18 inchesspreads 2 to 3 Well-

drained

Sidalcea calycosa ssp. rhizomata*Pt. Reyes checkerbloom Magenta

Spr-Su

1-3 ft tall1-3 ft w. 2-3 to 3 Any

© Project SOUND

*Southwest mock verbena – Glandularia gooddingii

http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=GLGO

© Project SOUND

Flower-garden flowers

Blooms: in spring – usually Apr-June Flowering season depends on

moisture

Flowers: Violet or pale pink-purple In dense clusters at tops of stalks Very attractive – and also attract

hummingbirds and butterflies

Seeds: Plant untreated seeds in winter Needs light to germinate Best seeded in place Will reseed if happy

http://www.fireflyforest.com/flowers/1163/glandularia-gooddingii-southwestern-mock-vervain/

© Project SOUND

Desert arroyo plant Soils:

Texture: well-drained a must pH: any local

Light: Full sun to part-shade; good heat

tolerance

Water: Winter: needs adequate;

supplement if needed Summer: best with occasional

summer water – Water Zone 2 (2-3 in pots) to keep green, blooming

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils

Other: No/inorganic mulch for reseeding Light pruning (deadheading)

after floweringhttp://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=GLGO

© Project SOUND©2010 James M. Andre

http://www.amwua.org/pictures/gc-v-gooddingii-1.jpg

http://www.landscape-resources.com/portfolio/groundcoversx/pages/Verbena%20gooddingii-1.htm

© Project SOUND

*Pt. Reyes Checkerbloom – Sidalcea calycosa ssp. rhizomata

©2011 Vernon Smith

N. CA coast - Mendocino, Marin, Sonoma Counties

Coastal Salt Marsh, wetland-riparian, freshwater marsh

Collected by M. K. Curran [1886 – Marin Co.], Alice Eastwood & Lester Rowntree

© Project SOUND

*Pt. Reyes Checkerbloom – Sidalcea calycosa ssp. rhizomata

©2013 Aaron Arthur

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/draw_tiny2.pl?0104000000

http://www.theheartofthehouse.com/2016/05/hwy-1-to-mendocino/

© Project SOUND

The showiest of the Calif. Checkerblooms Size:

1-3 ft tall 1-3 ft wide, sprawling

Growth form: Mostly evergreen, herbaceous

perennial Sprawling/creeping habit

Foliage: Bright to darker green; red-tinged

if drought/salt stressed Geranium-like leaves; rounded,

somewhat fleshy Young leaves edible – raw or cooked Larval food for Lady butterflies

Roots: spreads via rhizomes; ground cover potential

©2013 Aaron Arthur

http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Sidalcea-calycosa-rhizomata/

© Project SOUND

Enchanting flowers

Blooms: spring & summer (Apr-Sep); water prolongs bloom period

Flowers: Typical, open Mallow shape

with 5, slightly-overlapping, translucent petals

Color: pastel pink-purple with white center

Flowers clustered along a flowering stalk – open serially

Attract hummingbirds, native bees and butterflies

Seeds: easy to grow from seed

http://www.answers.com/topic/dudleya©2011 Vernon Smith

© Project SOUND

Loves moist soils Soils: Texture: any - adaptable pH: any local

Light: best with afternoon shade or dappled sun in our area.

Water: Winter: moist ground;

supplement if needed Summer: best with regular

water – Water Zone 2-3 to 3; check pots regularly

Fertilizer: occasional light fertilizer is fine

Other: cut back when flowering ceases; vigorous grower in moist conditions

©2013 Aaron Arthur

This plant might do best in a glazed ceramic pot (with good drainage) in S. CA

© Project SOUND

Garden uses for In N. CA often used as shady

groundcover or around edible garden

In S. CA, best treated as a container plant, where moisture conditions can be met – lovely accent plant!

https://www.flickr.com/photos/eastbaywilds/7201649744

Your butterfly garden as your ‘green oasis’

© Project SOUND

So many choices – so little space

© Project SOUND

YarrowMonkeyflowers

Western Yarrow – Achilla millefolia

J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

The Yarrows – horticultural plants extraordinaire

Family: Asteraceae (Sunflower family)

Cultivated in Europe ??thousands of years

About half a dozen species are commonly grown as garden plants

Natural variation in color has been exploited – many named cultivars –yellow, pink, red, purple

Attract many different pollinators, including butterflies

http://aggiehorticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/Cornell_Herbaceous/plant_pages/Achilleamillefolium.html

© Project SOUND

Monkeyflowers: Fantastic flower colors

© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College

Sticky monkeyflower – Diplacus/Mimulus aurantiacus

© Project SOUND

http://www.flickr.com/photos/36386822@N07/3458022529

© Project SOUND

Sticky monkeyflower: seasonal sub-shrub Size:

2-4 ft tall 2-5 ft wide

Growth form: Mounded to sprawling (with

age) sub-shrub Drought-deciduous Often short-lived (5-10 years)

Foliage: Bright to dark-green, glossy Leaves lance-shaped, sticky Young leaves are edible (cook) Important larval food for

Checkerspot butterflies

Roots: net-like; bind soil

© Project SOUND

Lovely flowers Blooms:

Spring-summer; usually Mar-Aug. in western L.A. County

Judicious summer water for summer blooms

Flowers: Typical monkeyflower shape,

with long, tubular neck Most commonly buff-colored;

some include those with other colors as sub-species

Attracts hummingbirds, large bee and long-tongued butterflies (esp. Checkerspots& Buckeyes)

© Project SOUND

Soils: Texture: most local; likes well-

drained soils, but adaptable pH: any local, including alkali

Light: Afternoon shade is best in most

gardens; full sun only along immediate

coast

Water: Winter: needs adequate;

supplement as needed Summer: occasional (1-2 times

per month – 2-3 per month in containers) OK; taper off in Aug.

Succeeding with Shrubby Monkeyflowers

Fertilizer: time-released in pots

Pruning the shrubby monkeyflowers

Prune back each fall to 18 inches or so; or prune back to ground every third year.

Can also tip-prune after spring bloom to encourage fall blooms

Propagate new plants from cuttings to replace old plants

© Project SOUND

Great u-tube video on pruning monkeyflowers:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6b1whxy3h8

Butterflies that might come to the part-shade garden?

The smaller butterflies like:• Skippers• Gray hairstreak• Funereal Duskywing• Blues

Larger butterflies like:• Whites• Gulf Fritillary• Ladies

• Monarchs• Swallowtails• ?others

Perhaps you have a more space – but still want to use containers to attract butterflies

© Project SOUND

https://www.crateandbarrel.com/blog/container-garden-ideas/

Crate & Barrel and other companies offer a wide range of wonderful containers

Achieving adequate floral coverage in each season: it takes some thought if space is limited

Flower patches: at least 3 ft x 3 ftper species – the bigger the better A few well-chosen plant species

might be better than many Most bang for buck: shrubs vs. annual

wildflowers (depends on situation)

Likely will need to use vertical space Some shrubs and trees are quite

adaptable to small/narrow spaces Lots of ‘flowering area’ with a small

footprint

One yard/garden can’t do it all -“it takes a neighborhood”

© Project SOUND

Garden 3: Containers but larger, more

© Project SOUND

Allow you to grow more flowering plants – plus some larval food plants (if desired)

© Project SOUND

If you were a caterpillar what would you like to eat?

Readily accessible

Succulent

Easy to digest

Non-toxic

Not too protected: hairs, secretions, etc.

Larval (caterpillar) food plants are often very specific – you need to plant the larval food plants for the species you want to attract

Dwarf citrus trees are a good habitat choice

© Project SOUND

Giant Swallowtail

Anise Swallowtail

© Project SOUND

Swallowtails are wonderful garden inhabitants

Anise Swallowtail larva

Cruciferous vegetables: larval food for White Butterflies

© Project SOUND

Cabbage White

Common Checkered White

But there are other larval/adult plants to try in larger containers

Asclepias (Milkweeds) Atriplex (Saltbushes) Chenopodia (Goosefeet) Diplacus/Mimulus (Monkeyflowers) Some Eriogonum (Buckwheats) Galium (Bedstraws) Grasses (most native species) Pseudognaphalium (Everlastings) Sphaeralcea (Desert Mallow) Sidalcea (Checkerblooms) Annuals/perennials like Urtica

(nettles), Thistle (Cirsiumoccidentale), Plantains (Plantago)

© Project SOUND

*Allscale (Cattle) saltbush – Atriplex polycarpa

©2005 Steve Matson

Desert and other hot, dry areas of the American Southwest down into N. Mexico.

In CA, in San Joaquin Valley and margins and desert mountains/foothills

Alkaline flats, dry lakes, often in clays Warm desert shrub communities (creosote

bush, ambrosia, shadscale, mesquite, saltgrass, etc.)

© Project SOUND

*Allscale (Cattle) saltbush – Atriplex polycarpa

©2009 California State University, Stanislaus ©2013 Jean Pawek

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415595

© Project SOUND

Allscale saltbush: desert sub-shrub Size:

3-5 ft tall 3-5 ft wide

Growth form: Mounded sub-shrub; can be kept

somewhat rounded by pruning Evergreen except in extreme

drought

Foliage: Color: pale to blue-green Leaves small, oblong; excrete

salt Larval food for Pygmy and

other Blue butterflies

Roots: net-like; some may be deep

©2013 Jean Pawek

© Project SOUND

Flowers: under-stated Blooms:

Mostly in summer Rain/irrigation can extend

flowering season (spring to fall)

Flowers: Small, mostly golden – typical

of saltbushes Nothing to write home about

Seeds: Eaten by birds and wildlife Were roasted, ground and

eaten as famine food©2013 Jean Pawek

©2009 Neal Kramer

© Project SOUND

Desert wash plant Soils:

Texture: sandy to clay, well-drained soils in nature. Adaptable in garden

pH: any local (7.0-9.0); alkali, salty soils are fine

Light: full sun

Water: Winter: needs adequate Summer: very drought tolerant,

but looks best with occasional water (Water Zone 1-2 to 2; Zone 2 in containers)

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils; in containers, ½ strength dose, spring

Other: Inorganic mulch Trim back up to ½ late fall

© Project SOUND

Garden uses Atriplexpolycarpa

As a background to mid-ground habitat shrub: insects, Blue Butterflies, birds eating seeds, insects

As a hedge (formal to informal) In large containers©2009 Neal Kramer

https://www.pinterest.com/asilvertoca/plants-with-favorable-fire-performance-rating/ http://snowbirdpix.com/sonoran_desert_plant_page.php?id=1352

So what’s the deal about Western Pygmy Blue butterflies?

Brephidium exilis

The smallest N. American butterfly (often ~ ½ inch wingspan)

Adults feed on many flowers

Larvae feed on pigweed, goosefoot, Russian thistle (‘Tumbleweed’) or saltbush (Atriplex spp.)

Most of these are either weeds or too large (Coast Quailbush)

Plant the larval food plants and they will come

© Project SOUND

http://cdn.playbuzz.com/cdn/2647263a-583c-4119-8738-09a6f9aff255/7fba1ed2-69e4-472e-994d-8b5690b652e6.jpg

http://blog.growingwithscience.com/2014/11/bug-of-the-week-western-pygmy-blue-butterfly/

And what do these larvae look like?

© Project SOUND

http://bugguide.net/node/view/25198/bgimage

Native buckwheats attract tons of pollinators, including butterflies

© Project SOUND

Marine Blue Butterfly

Can I really grow buckwheats in large containers?

© Project SOUND

Probably yes, if the pots are large and you choose carefully

Three Eriogonums I’d try (in large sunny pots)

Red buckwheat – E. grande rubescens

California buckwheat – E. fasciculatum

Ashyleaf buckwheat – E. cinerium

Native Buckwheats are such good pollinator habitat that it’s probably worth the gamble

And now we’ve come to the end…

© Project SOUND

© Project SOUND

Summary suggestions for creating a butterfly-friendly garden

Include important nectar and larval food plants; when possible from local sources

Mass/group plants Include plants that bloom at

different times Consider including some good non-

native food plants

Use safe methods of insect control – no pesticides

Several things to do in July for butterflies

Attend butterfly events at Madrona, El Dorado, Gardena Willows and other places

Learn more about local butterflies; review past ‘Out of the Wilds’ butterfly talks

Watch butterflies in your garden; draw, paint or photograph them

Evaluate your garden for it’s butterfly habitat potential; supplement as appropriate

Talk to your friends and neighbors about butterflies

© Project SOUND

Buy a butterfly plant and plant it in a pot (I’ve got a few today)

Next month: Designing a Garden Pond

© Project SOUNDhttp://lagunadirt.com/2011/01/visit-mermaids-garden-backyard-stream.html